14 C.F.R. §§ 29.1183–29.1203

§29.1183. Lines, fittings, and components.

14 C.F.R. § 29.1183

(a)

Except as provided in paragraph (b) of this section, each line, fitting, and other component carrying flammable fluid in any area subject to engine fire conditions and each component which conveys or contains flammable fluid in a designated fire zone must be fire resistant, except that flammable fluid tanks and supports in a designated fire zone must be fireproof or be enclosed by a fireproof shield unless damage by fire to any non-fireproof part will not cause leakage or spillage of flammable fluid. Components must be shielded or located so as to safeguard against the ignition of leaking flammable fluid. An integral oil sump of less than 25-quart capacity on a reciprocating engine need not be fireproof nor be enclosed by a fireproof shield.

(b)

Paragraph (a) of this section does not apply to—

(1)

Lines, fittings, and components which are already approved as part of a type certificated engine; and

(2)

Vent and drain lines, and their fittings, whose failure will not result in or add to, a fire hazard.

Notes, amendments, and revision history

Amendments

[Doc. No. 5084, 29 FR 16150, Dec. 3, 1964, as amended by Amdt. 29-2, 32 FR 6914, May 5, 1967; Amdt. 29-10, 39 FR 35463, Oct. 1, 1974; Amdt. 29-22, 49 FR 6850, Feb. 23, 1984]

Authority

Authority: 49 U.S.C. 106(f), 106(g), 40113, 44701-44702, 44704.

Source

Source: Docket No. 5084, 29 FR 16150, Dec. 3, 1964, unless otherwise noted.

Amendments

[Doc. No. 5084, 29 FR 16150, Dec. 3, 1964, as amended by Amdt. 29-2, 32 FR 6914, May 5, 1967; Amdt. 29-10, 39 FR 35463, Oct. 1, 1974; Amdt. 29-22, 49 FR 6850, Feb. 23, 1984]

§29.1185. Flammable fluids.

14 C.F.R. § 29.1185

(a)

No tank or reservoir that is part of a system containing flammable fluids or gases may be in a designated fire zone unless the fluid contained, the design of the system, the materials used in the tank and its supports, the shutoff means, and the connections, lines, and controls provide a degree of safety equal to that which would exist if the tank or reservoir were outside such a zone.

(b)

Each fuel tank must be isolated from the engines by a firewall or shroud.

(c)

There must be at least one-half inch of clear airspace between each tank or reservoir and each firewall or shroud isolating a designated fire zone, unless equivalent means are used to prevent heat transfer from the fire zone to the flammable fluid.

(d)

Absorbent material close to flammable fluid system components that might leak must be covered or treated to prevent the absorption of hazardous quantities of fluids.

Notes, amendments, and revision history

Authority

Authority: 49 U.S.C. 106(f), 106(g), 40113, 44701-44702, 44704.

Source

Source: Docket No. 5084, 29 FR 16150, Dec. 3, 1964, unless otherwise noted.

§29.1187. Drainage and ventilation of fire zones.

14 C.F.R. § 29.1187

(a)

There must be complete drainage of each part of each designated fire zone to minimize the hazards resulting from failure or malfunction of any component containing flammable fluids. The drainage means must be—

(1)

Effective under conditions expected to prevail when drainage is needed; and

(2)

Arranged so that no discharged fluid will cause an additional fire hazard.

(b)

Each designated fire zone must be ventilated to prevent the accumulation of flammable vapors.

(c)

No ventilation opening may be where it would allow the entry of flammable fluids, vapors, or flame from other zones.

(d)

Ventilation means must be arranged so that no discharged vapors will cause an additional fire hazard.

(e)

For category A rotorcraft, there must be means to allow the crew to shut off the sources of forced ventilation in any fire zone (other than the engine power section of the powerplant compartment) unless the amount of extinguishing agent and the rate of discharge are based on the maximum airflow through that zone.

Notes, amendments, and revision history

Authority

Authority: 49 U.S.C. 106(f), 106(g), 40113, 44701-44702, 44704.

Source

Source: Docket No. 5084, 29 FR 16150, Dec. 3, 1964, unless otherwise noted.

§29.1189. Shutoff means.

14 C.F.R. § 29.1189

(a)

There must be means to shut off or otherwise prevent hazardous quantities of fuel, oil, de-icing fluid, and other flammable fluids from flowing into, within, or through any designated fire zone, except that this means need not be provided—

(1)

For lines, fittings, and components forming an integral part of an engine;

(2)

For oil systems for turbine engine installations in which all components of the system, including oil tanks, are fireproof or located in areas not subject to engine fire conditions; or

(3)

For engine oil systems in category B rotorcraft using reciprocating engines of less than 500 cubic inches displacement.

(b)

The closing of any fuel shutoff valve for any engine may not make fuel unavailable to the remaining engines.

(c)

For category A rotorcraft, no hazardous quantity of flammable fluid may drain into any designated fire zone after shutoff has been accomplished, nor may the closing of any fuel shutoff valve for an engine make fuel unavailable to the remaining engines.

(d)

The operation of any shutoff may not interfere with the later emergency operation of any other equipment, such as the means for declutching the engine from the rotor drive.

(e)

Each shutoff valve and its control must be designed, located, and protected to function properly under any condition likely to result from fire in a designated fire zone.

(f)

Except for ground-use-only auxiliary power unit installations, there must be means to prevent inadvertent operation of each shutoff and to make it possible to reopen it in flight after it has been closed.

Notes, amendments, and revision history

Amendments

[Doc. No. 5084, 29 FR 16150, Dec. 3, 1964, as amended by Amdt. 29-12, 41 FR 55473, Dec. 20, 1976; Amdt. 29-22, 49 FR 6850, Feb. 23, 1984; Amdt. 29-26, 53 FR 34219, Sept. 2, 1988]

Authority

Authority: 49 U.S.C. 106(f), 106(g), 40113, 44701-44702, 44704.

Source

Source: Docket No. 5084, 29 FR 16150, Dec. 3, 1964, unless otherwise noted.

Amendments

[Doc. No. 5084, 29 FR 16150, Dec. 3, 1964, as amended by Amdt. 29-12, 41 FR 55473, Dec. 20, 1976; Amdt. 29-22, 49 FR 6850, Feb. 23, 1984; Amdt. 29-26, 53 FR 34219, Sept. 2, 1988]

§29.1191. Firewalls.

14 C.F.R. § 29.1191

(a)

Each engine, including the combustor, turbine, and tailpipe sections of turbine engine installations, must be isolated by a firewall, shroud, or equivalent means, from personnel compartments, structures, controls, rotor mechanisms, and other parts that are—

(1)

Essential to controlled flight and landing; and

(2)

Not protected under § 29.861.

(b)

Each auxiliary power unit, combustion heater, and other combustion equipment to be used in flight, must be isolated from the rest of the rotorcraft by firewalls, shrouds, or equivalent means.

(c)

Each firewall or shroud must be constructed so that no hazardous quantity of air, fluid, or flame can pass from any engine compartment to other parts of the rotorcraft.

(d)

Each opening in the firewall or shroud must be sealed with close-fitting fireproof grommets, bushings, or firewall fittings.

(e)

Each firewall and shroud must be fireproof and protected against corrosion.

(f)

In meeting this section, account must be taken of the probable path of a fire as affected by the airflow in normal flight and in autorotation.

Notes, amendments, and revision history

Amendments

[Doc. No. 5084, 29 FR 16150, Dec. 3, 1964, as amended by Amdt. 29-3, 33 FR 970, Jan. 26, 1968]

Authority

Authority: 49 U.S.C. 106(f), 106(g), 40113, 44701-44702, 44704.

Source

Source: Docket No. 5084, 29 FR 16150, Dec. 3, 1964, unless otherwise noted.

Amendments

[Doc. No. 5084, 29 FR 16150, Dec. 3, 1964, as amended by Amdt. 29-3, 33 FR 970, Jan. 26, 1968]

§29.1193. Cowling and engine compartment covering.

14 C.F.R. § 29.1193

(a)

Each cowling and engine compartment covering must be constructed and supported so that it can resist the vibration, inertia, and air loads to which it may be subjected in operation.

(b)

Cowling must meet the drainage and ventilation requirements of § 29.1187.

(c)

On rotorcraft with a diaphragm isolating the engine power section from the engine accessory section, each part of the accessory section cowling subject to flame in case of fire in the engine power section of the powerplant must—

(1)

Be fireproof; and

(2)

Meet the requirements of § 29.1191.

(d)

Each part of the cowling or engine compartment covering subject to high temperatures due to its nearness to exhaust system parts or exhaust gas impingement must be fireproof.

(e)

Each rotorcraft must—

(1)

Be designated and constructed so that no fire originating in any fire zone can enter, either through openings or by burning through external skin, any other zone or region where it would create additional hazards;

(2)

Meet the requirements of paragraph (e)(1) of this section with the landing gear retracted (if applicable); and

(3)

Have fireproof skin in areas subject to flame if a fire starts in or burns out of any designated fire zone.

(f)

A means of retention for each openable or readily removable panel, cowling, or engine or rotor drive system covering must be provided to preclude hazardous damage to rotors or critical control components in the event of—

(1)

Structural or mechanical failure of the normal retention means, unless such failure is extremely improbable; or

(2)

Fire in a fire zone, if such fire could adversely affect the normal means of retention.

Notes, amendments, and revision history

Amendments

[Doc. No. 5084, 29 FR 16150, Dec. 3, 1964, as amended by Amdt. 29-3, 33 FR 970, Jan. 26, 1968; Amdt. 29-13, 42 FR 15046, Mar. 17, 1977; Amdt. 29-26, 53 FR 34219, Sept. 2, 1988]

Authority

Authority: 49 U.S.C. 106(f), 106(g), 40113, 44701-44702, 44704.

Source

Source: Docket No. 5084, 29 FR 16150, Dec. 3, 1964, unless otherwise noted.

Amendments

[Doc. No. 5084, 29 FR 16150, Dec. 3, 1964, as amended by Amdt. 29-3, 33 FR 970, Jan. 26, 1968; Amdt. 29-13, 42 FR 15046, Mar. 17, 1977; Amdt. 29-26, 53 FR 34219, Sept. 2, 1988]

§29.1194. Other surfaces.

14 C.F.R. § 29.1194

All surfaces aft of, and near, engine compartments and designated fire zones, other than tail surfaces not subject to heat, flames, or sparks emanating from a designated fire zone or engine compartment, must be at least fire resistant.

Notes, amendments, and revision history

Amendments

[Amdt. 29-3, 33 FR 970, Jan. 26, 1968]

Authority

Authority: 49 U.S.C. 106(f), 106(g), 40113, 44701-44702, 44704.

Source

Source: Docket No. 5084, 29 FR 16150, Dec. 3, 1964, unless otherwise noted.

Amendments

[Amdt. 29-3, 33 FR 970, Jan. 26, 1968]

§29.1195. Fire extinguishing systems.

14 C.F.R. § 29.1195

(a)

Each turbine engine powered rotorcraft and Category A reciprocating engine powered rotorcraft, and each Category B reciprocating engine powered rotorcraft with engines of more than 1,500 cubic inches must have a fire extinguishing system for the designated fire zones. The fire extinguishing system for a powerplant must be able to simultaneously protect all zones of the powerplant compartment for which protection is provided.

(b)

For multiengine powered rotorcraft, the fire extinguishing system, the quantity of extinguishing agent, and the rate of discharge must—

(1)

For each auxiliary power unit and combustion equipment, provide at least one adequate discharge; and

(2)

For each other designated fire zone, provide two adequate discharges.

(c)

For single engine rotorcraft, the quantity of extinguishing agent and the rate of discharge must provide at least one adequate discharge for the engine compartment.

(d)

It must be shown by either actual or simulated flight tests that under critical airflow conditions in flight the discharge of the extinguishing agent in each designated fire zone will provide an agent concentration capable of extinguishing fires in that zone and of minimizing the probability of reignition.

Notes, amendments, and revision history

Amendments

[Doc. No. 5084, 29 FR 16150, Dec. 3, 1964, as amended by Amdt. 29-3, 33 FR 970, Jan. 26, 1968; Amdt. 29-13, 42 FR 15047, Mar. 17, 1977; Amdt. 29-17, 43 FR 50602, Oct. 30, 1978]

Authority

Authority: 49 U.S.C. 106(f), 106(g), 40113, 44701-44702, 44704.

Source

Source: Docket No. 5084, 29 FR 16150, Dec. 3, 1964, unless otherwise noted.

Amendments

[Doc. No. 5084, 29 FR 16150, Dec. 3, 1964, as amended by Amdt. 29-3, 33 FR 970, Jan. 26, 1968; Amdt. 29-13, 42 FR 15047, Mar. 17, 1977; Amdt. 29-17, 43 FR 50602, Oct. 30, 1978]

§29.1197. Fire extinguishing agents.

14 C.F.R. § 29.1197

(a)

Fire extinguishing agents must—

(1)

Be capable of extinguishing flames emanating from any burning of fluids or other combustible materials in the area protected by the fire extinguishing system; and

(2)

Have thermal stability over the temperature range likely to be experienced in the compartment in which they are stored.

(b)

If any toxic extinguishing agent is used, it must be shown by test that entry of harmful concentrations of fluid or fluid vapors into any personnel compartment (due to leakage during normal operation of the rotorcraft, or discharge on the ground or in flight) is prevented, even though a defect may exist in the extinguishing system.

Notes, amendments, and revision history

Amendments

[Doc. No. 5084, 29 FR 16150, Dec. 3, 1964, as amended by Amdt. 29-12, 41 FR 55473, Dec. 20, 1976; Amdt. 29-13, 42 FR 15047, Mar. 17, 1977]

Authority

Authority: 49 U.S.C. 106(f), 106(g), 40113, 44701-44702, 44704.

Source

Source: Docket No. 5084, 29 FR 16150, Dec. 3, 1964, unless otherwise noted.

Amendments

[Doc. No. 5084, 29 FR 16150, Dec. 3, 1964, as amended by Amdt. 29-12, 41 FR 55473, Dec. 20, 1976; Amdt. 29-13, 42 FR 15047, Mar. 17, 1977]

§29.1199. Extinguishing agent containers.

14 C.F.R. § 29.1199

(a)

Each extinguishing agent container must have a pressure relief to prevent bursting of the container by excessive internal pressures.

(b)

The discharge end of each discharge line from a pressure relief connection must be located so that discharge of the fire extinguishing agent would not damage the rotorcraft. The line must also be located or protected to prevent clogging caused by ice or other foreign matter.

(c)

There must be a means for each fire extinguishing agent container to indicate that the container has discharged or that the charging pressure is below the established minimum necessary for proper functioning.

(d)

The temperature of each container must be maintained, under intended operating conditions, to prevent the pressure in the container from—

(1)

Falling below that necessary to provide an adequate rate of discharge; or

(2)

Rising high enough to cause premature discharge.

Notes, amendments, and revision history

Amendments

[Doc. No. 5084, 29 FR 16150, Dec. 3, 1964, as amended by Amdt. 29-13, 42 FR 15047, Mar. 17, 1977]

Authority

Authority: 49 U.S.C. 106(f), 106(g), 40113, 44701-44702, 44704.

Source

Source: Docket No. 5084, 29 FR 16150, Dec. 3, 1964, unless otherwise noted.

Amendments

[Doc. No. 5084, 29 FR 16150, Dec. 3, 1964, as amended by Amdt. 29-13, 42 FR 15047, Mar. 17, 1977]

§29.1201. Fire extinguishing system materials.

14 C.F.R. § 29.1201

(a)

No materials in any fire extinguishing system may react chemically with any extinguishing agent so as to create a hazard.

(b)

Each system component in an engine compartment must be fireproof.

Notes, amendments, and revision history

Authority

Authority: 49 U.S.C. 106(f), 106(g), 40113, 44701-44702, 44704.

Source

Source: Docket No. 5084, 29 FR 16150, Dec. 3, 1964, unless otherwise noted.

§29.1203. Fire detector systems.

14 C.F.R. § 29.1203

(a)

For each turbine engine powered rotorcraft and Category A reciprocating engine powered rotorcraft, and for each Category B reciprocating engine powered rotorcraft with engines of more than 900 cubic inches displacement, there must be approved, quick-acting fire detectors in designated fire zones and in the combustor, turbine, and tailpipe sections of turbine installations (whether or not such sections are designated fire zones) in numbers and locations ensuring prompt detection of fire in those zones.

(b)

Each fire detector must be constructed and installed to withstand any vibration, inertia, and other loads to which it would be subjected in operation.

(c)

No fire detector may be affected by any oil, water, other fluids, or fumes that might be present.

(d)

There must be means to allow crewmembers to check, in flight, the functioning of each fire detector system electrical circuit.

(e)

The writing and other components of each fire detector system in an engine compartment must be at least fire resistant.

(f)

No fire detector system component for any fire zone may pass through another fire zone, unless—

(1)

It is protected against the possibility of false warnings resulting from fires in zones through which it passes; or

(2)

The zones involved are simultaneously protected by the same detector and extinguishing systems.

Notes, amendments, and revision history

Amendments

[Doc. No. 5084, 29 FR 16150, Dec. 3, 1964, as amended by Amdt. 29-3, 33 FR 970, Jan. 26, 1968]

Authority

Authority: 49 U.S.C. 106(f), 106(g), 40113, 44701-44702, 44704.

Source

Source: Docket No. 5084, 29 FR 16150, Dec. 3, 1964, unless otherwise noted.

Amendments

[Doc. No. 5084, 29 FR 16150, Dec. 3, 1964, as amended by Amdt. 29-3, 33 FR 970, Jan. 26, 1968]