Notes, amendments, and revision history
(Pub. L. 89–642, § 4, Oct. 11, 1966, 80 Stat. 886; Pub. L. 90–302, § 5, May 8, 1968, 82 Stat. 119; Pub. L. 91–248, §§ 6(d), 10, May 14, 1970, 84 Stat. 210, 214; Pub. L. 92–32, §§ 2–5, June 30, 1971, 85 Stat. 85; Pub. L. 92–433, § 3, Sept. 26, 1972, 86 Stat. 724; Pub. L. 93–150, § 4, Nov. 7, 1973, 87 Stat. 562; Pub. L. 94–105, §§ 2, 3, 15(b), 17(a), Oct. 7, 1975, 89 Stat. 511, 522, 525; Pub. L. 95–166, § 12, Nov. 10, 1977, 91 Stat. 1337; Pub. L. 95–561, title XIV, § 1408(b)(1), Nov. 1, 1978, 92 Stat. 2368; Pub. L. 95–627, § 6(c), Nov. 10, 1978, 92 Stat. 3620; Pub. L. 97–35, title VIII, §§ 801(c), 817(d), 819(b), Aug. 13, 1981, 95 Stat. 522, 532, 533; Pub. L. 99–500, title III, §§ 330(a), 331, 372(b)(1), Oct. 18, 1986, 100 Stat. 1783–363, 1783–369, and Pub. L. 99–591, title III, §§ 330(a), 331, 372(b)(1), Oct. 30, 1986, 100 Stat. 3341–366, 3341–372; Pub. L. 99–661, div. D, title II, §§ 4210(a), 4211, title V, § 4502(b)(1), Nov. 14, 1986, 100 Stat. 4074, 4080; Pub. L. 100–435, title II, § 210, Sept. 19, 1988, 102 Stat. 1657; Pub. L. 101–147, title I, § 121, title II, § 212(a)(1), (2)(A), (b), title III, § 322, Nov. 10, 1989, 103 Stat. 891, 912, 916; Pub. L. 103–448, title II, § 201, Nov. 2, 1994, 108 Stat. 4734; Pub. L. 104–193, title VII, §§ 722–723(b)(1), Aug. 22, 1996, 110 Stat. 2301, 2302; Pub. L. 105–336, title I, § 103(b)(2), title II, § 201, Oct. 31, 1998, 112 Stat. 3146, 3158; Pub. L. 106–78, title VII, § 752(b)(16), Oct. 22, 1999, 113 Stat. 1170; Pub. L. 108–265, title I, § 108(c), title II, § 201, June 30, 2004, 118 Stat. 746, 768.)
Editorial Notes
Codification
Pub. L. 99–591 is a corrected version of Pub. L. 99–500.
Amendments
2004—Subsec. (b)(1)(E). Pub. L. 108–265, § 108(c), substituted “local educational agency” for “school food authority” wherever appearing.
Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 108–265, § 201, added subsec. (d) and struck out former subsec. (d), which authorized severe need assistance to schools in which the service of breakfasts is required by State law and to schools in which 40 percent or more of lunches were served free or at a reduced price during the most recent second preceding school year, and entitled such schools to receive the lesser of 100 percent of the operating costs of the breakfast program or the meal reimbursement rate specified in subsec. (b)(2).
1999—Subsecs. (b), (e)(1)(A). Pub. L. 106–78 made technical amendment to references in original act which appear in text as references to sections 1758, 1759a, and 1766 of this title.
1998—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 105–336, § 201, struck out “and to carry out the provisions of subsection (g) of this section” before period at end of first sentence.
Subsec. (b)(1)(B). Pub. L. 105–336, § 103(b)(2)(A), struck out “adjusted to the nearest one-fourth cent,” after “payment for each free breakfast,” in second sentence.
Subsec. (b)(2)(B)(ii). Pub. L. 105–336, § 103(b)(2)(B), substituted “(as adjusted pursuant to section 1759a(a)(3)(B) of this title).” for “, which shall be adjusted on an annual basis each July 1 to the nearest one-fourth cent in accordance with changes in the series for food away from home of the Consumer Price Index published by the Bureau of Labor Statistics of the Department of Labor for the most recent twelve-month period for which such data are available, except that the initial such adjustment shall be made on January 1, 1978, and shall reflect the change in the series of food away from home during the period November 1, 1976, to October 31, 1977.”
1996—Subsec. (b)(1)(E). Pub. L. 104–193, § 722, added subpar. (E).
Subsec. (e)(1)(B). Pub. L. 104–193, § 723(a), struck out at end “The Secretary shall provide through State educational agencies additional technical assistance to schools that are having difficulty maintaining compliance with the requirements.”
Subsecs. (f), (g). Pub. L. 104–193, § 723(b)(1), struck out subsec. (f) relating to expansion of program and subsec. (g) relating to startup and expansion costs.
1994—Subsec. (e)(1). Pub. L. 103–448, § 201(a), (b), designated existing provisions as subpar. (A), inserted “, except that the minimum nutritional requirements shall be measured by not less than the weekly average of the nutrient content of school breakfasts” before period at end, and added subpar. (B).
Subsec. (f)(1). Pub. L. 103–448, § 201(c), designated existing provisions as subpar. (A) and added subpars. (B) and (C).
Subsec. (g). Pub. L. 103–448, § 201(d), amended heading and text of subsec. (g) generally. Prior to amendment, text required the Secretary to pay State educational agencies to assist eligible schools in initiating a school breakfast program, set forth a plan by which certain State educational agencies competing for startup cost payments were to be given preference, provided that breakfast program maintenance funds were not to be diminished by these payments, defined “eligible school”, and directed Secretary to report to Congress.
1989—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 101–147, § 121(1), inserted before period at end of first sentence “and to carry out the provisions of subsection (g) of this section”.
Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 101–147, § 322(1), substituted “reduced price” for “reduced-price” wherever appearing.
Subsec. (b)(1)(A). Pub. L. 101–147, § 212(b), designated existing provisions as cl. (i), redesignated former cls. (i) and (ii) as subcls. (I) and (II), respectively, of cl. (i), and added cl. (ii).
Subsec. (b)(3). Pub. L. 101–147, § 322(2), made technical amendment to reference to section 1766 of this title involving underlying provisions of original act and requiring no change in text.
Subsec. (b)(3) to (5). Pub. L. 101–147, § 212(a)(1), (2)(A), amended subsec. (b)(3) to (5), as amended identically by Pub. L. 99–591, § 330(a), and Pub. L. 99–661, § 4210(a), and as further amended by Pub. L. 100–435, § 210, to read as if only the amendment by Pub. L. 99–661 was enacted, and further amended subsec. (b)(3) identically to the amendment that was made by Pub. L. 100–435, resulting in no change in text, see 1986 and 1988 Amendment notes below.
Subsec. (d)(1)(B). Pub. L. 101–147, § 322(1), substituted “reduced price” for “reduced-price”.
Subsec. (f). Pub. L. 101–147, § 121(2), inserted “Expansion of program” as heading, designated existing provisions as par. (1), struck out at end “Within 4 months after October 7, 1975, the Secretary shall report to the committees of jurisdiction in the Congress his plans and those of the cooperating State agencies to bring about the needed expansion in the school breakfast program.”, and added par. (2).
Subsec. (g). Pub. L. 101–147, § 121(3), added subsec. (g).
1988—Subsec. (b)(3). Pub. L. 100–435 substituted “6” for “3”.
1986—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 99–500 and Pub. L. 99–591, § 372(b)(1), and Pub. L. 99–661, § 4502(b)(1), amended subsec. (a) identically, substituting “Health and Human Services” for “Health, Education, and Welfare”.
Subsec. (b)(3) to (5). Pub. L. 99–500 and Pub. L. 99–591, § 330(a), and Pub. L. 99–661, § 4210(a), amended subsec. (b) identically, adding pars. (3) to (5).
Subsec. (e). Pub. L. 99–500 and Pub. L. 99–591, § 331, and Pub. L. 99–661, § 4211, amended subsec. (e) identically, designating existing provisions as par. (1) and adding par. (2).
1981—Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 97–35, § 801(c)(1), (2), in par. (1) substituted provisions respecting calculation, amount, limitations, etc., for breakfast assistance payments to State educational agencies for provisions respecting apportionment, calculation, etc., for payments beginning with fiscal year ending June 30, 1973, and in par. (2) substituted provisions respecting annual adjustments, for provisions respecting semiannual adjustments and substituted “thirty” for “five”.
Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 97–35, § 819(b), struck out “financing the costs of” after “such schools in”.
Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 97–35, § 801(c)(3)(A), substituted provisions limiting additional assistance requirements to schools in severe need for provisions setting forth requirements for eligibility standards for providing additional assistance to schools in severe need.
Subsec. (f). Pub. L. 97–35, § 817(d), redesignated former subsec. (g) as (f). Former subsec. (f), which related to nonprofit private schools, was struck out.
Subsec. (g). Pub. L. 97–35, § 817(d), redesignated former subsec. (g) as (f).
1978—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 95–561 inserted provision relating to applicability to programs of the Department of Defense.
Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 95–627 specified which schools could be considered to be in severe need.
1977—Subsec. (b)(1). Pub. L. 95–166, § 12(1), (2), designated existing provisions as par. (1) and struck out provision for payment of up to 45 cents for breakfasts served to children qualifying for a free breakfast in cases of severe need, which is now covered in par. (2).
Subsec. (b)(2). Pub. L. 95–166, § 12(3), added par. (2).
Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 95–166, § 12(4), substituted requirement that the Secretary establish eligibility standards for providing additional assistance to schools in severe need for prior requirement that the State educational agency require applicant schools to provide justification of the need for such assistance; required the eligibility standards to be submitted to the Secretary for approval and to be included in the State plan of child nutrition operations and submission of appropriate documentation about the need circumstances in the school and the school’s eligibility for additional assistance; and authorized payment of the lesser of 100 percent of the operating costs or the meal reimbursement rate, previously limited to the 100 percent payment.
1975—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 94–105, § 2, struck out “for the fiscal years ending June 30, 1973, June 30, 1974, and June 30, 1975,” after “such sums as are necessary”.
Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 94–105, § 15(b), substituted “American Samoa, and the Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands” for “and American Samoa” wherever appearing in cl. (1) of first sentence.
Subsec. (f). Pub. L. 94–105, § 17(a), substituted “directly to the schools (as defined in section 1784(c) of this title which are private and nonprofit as defined in the last sentence of section 1784(c) of this title)” for “directly to the nonprofit private schools”.
Subsec. (g). Pub. L. 94–105, § 3, added subsec. (g).
1973—Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 93–150, § 4(c), prescribed a minimum payment of 8 cents as the national average payment for all breakfasts served to eligible children, inserted provision for minimum payment of 15 cents for each reduced-price breakfast and for minimum payment of 20 cents for each free breakfast, and authorized, in cases of severe need, a payment of up to 45 cents for each breakfast served to children qualifying for a free breakfast.
Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 93–150, § 4(a), (b), substituted in first sentence “State educational agency to assist such schools in financing the costs of operating a breakfast program” for “State educational agency, to assist such schools in financing the cost of obtaining agricultural and other foods for consumption by needy children in a breakfast program” and struck out second sentence which provided that “Such food costs may include, in addition to the purchase price, the cost of processing, distributing, transporting, storing, and handling.”, respectively.
1972—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 92–433, § 3(a), substituted authorization of appropriation of such sums as are necessary for fiscal years ending June 30, 1973, June 30, 1974, and June 30, 1975, for provisions authorizing appropriation of amounts not exceeding $25,000,000 for fiscal years 1972 and 1973 and made amounts available to schools making applications for assistance and agreeing to carry out a nonprofit breakfast program in accordance with this chapter.
Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 92–433, § 3(b), made existing apportionment formula applicable to fiscal year ending June 30, 1973 and added new formula for fiscal years beginning with fiscal year ending June 30, 1974.
Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 92–433, § 3(c), inserted provision that breakfast assistance disbursements to schools may be made in advance or by way of reimbursement in accordance with procedure prescribed by the Secretary.
Subsec. (e). Pub. L. 92–433, § 3(d), substituted provisions that breakfasts be served free or at reduced cost under same terms and conditions as set forth in section 1758 of this title for provisions relating to determination by local school authorities of the inability of children to pay full cost, criteria for such determination, income poverty guidelines, affidavit of household’s annual income, eligibility of nonprofit private schools for funds, and prohibition of discrimination on account of inability to pay.
Subsec. (f). Pub. L. 92–433, § 3(e), substituted provisions that for fiscal year ending June 30, 1973, withholding and disbursement to nonprofit private schools will be effected as before and that commencing with the next fiscal year, the Secretary would directly make payments to the nonprofit private schools participating in the breakfast program under agreement with the Secretary for provisions that such withholding and disbursement be effected in accordance with section 1759 of this title with some exceptions.
1971—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 92–32, § 2, authorized appropriations of 25 million dollars for fiscal years 1972, and 1973, and struck out provision for appropriation of 6.5, 10, and 25 million dollars for fiscal years, 1969, 1970, and 1971, respectively.
Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 92–32, § 3, substituted “assist such schools in financing the cost” for “reimburse such schools for the cost” and provided for preference of schools for improvement of nutrition and dietary practices of children of working mothers and from low-income families.
Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 92–32, § 4, increased financial assistance from “80” to “100” per centum.
Subsec. (e). Pub. L. 92–32, § 5, substituted provisions relating to criteria for determination of eligible children, income poverty guidelines, priority of neediest children, affidavit of household’s annual income, and certification of availability of funds for nonprofit private schools, for former provision for determination of eligible children on basis of consultations of local school authorities with public welfare and health agencies.
1970—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 91–248, § 10, substituted “$25,000,000” for “$12,000,000”.
Subsec. (e). Pub. L. 91–248, § 6(d), provided that there be no overt identification of those children who receive free and reduced price meals.
1968—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 90–302 provided authorization to appropriate $6,500,000 for fiscal year 1969, not to exceed $10,000,000 for fiscal year 1970, and not to exceed $12,000,000 for fiscal year 1971, struck out references to authorization for fiscal years 1967 and 1968 and to pilot programs conducted on a nonpartisan basis, and added provision that appropriations and expenditures for this chapter be considered Health, Education, and Welfare functions for budget purposes rather than functions of Agriculture.
Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries
Effective Date of 2004 Amendment
Amendment by section 108(c) of Pub. L. 108–265 effective June 30, 2004, and amendment by section 201 of Pub. L. 108–265 effective July 1, 2004, see section 502(a), (b)(1) of Pub. L. 108–265, as amended, set out as an Effective Date note under section 1754 of this title.
Effective Date of 1998 Amendment
Amendment by Pub. L. 105–336 effective Oct. 1, 1998, see section 401 of Pub. L. 105–336, set out as a note under section 1755 of this title.
Effective Date of 1996 Amendment
Pub. L. 104–193, title VII, § 723(b)(2), Aug. 22, 1996, 110 Stat. 2302, provided that: “The amendments made by paragraph (1) [amending this section] shall become effective on October 1, 1996.”
Effective Date of 1994 Amendment
Amendment by Pub. L. 103–448 effective Oct. 1, 1994, see section 401 of Pub. L. 103–448, set out as a note under section 1755 of this title.
Effective Date of 1989 Amendment
Pub. L. 101–147, title II, § 212(a)(2)(B), Nov. 10, 1989, 103 Stat. 912, provided that: “The amendments made by subparagraph (A) [amending this section] shall take effect as if such amendments had been effective on July 1, 1989.”
Effective Date of 1988 Amendment
Amendment by Pub. L. 100–435 to be effective and implemented on July 1, 1989, see section 701(b)(4) of Pub. L. 100–435, set out as a note under section 2012 of Title 7, Agriculture.
Effective Date of 1986 Amendments
Pub. L. 99–661, div. D, title II, § 4210(a), Nov. 14, 1986, 100 Stat. 4074, provided that the amendment made by that section is effective Oct. 1, 1986.
Pub. L. 99–500, title III, § 330(a), Oct. 18, 1986, 100 Stat. 1783–363, and Pub. L. 99–591, title III, § 330(a), Oct. 30, 1986, 100 Stat. 3341–366, provided that the amendment made by each such section is effective July 1, 1987.
Effective Date of 1981 Amendment
Amendment by section 801(c) of Pub. L. 97–35 effective Sept. 1, 1981, and amendment by sections 817 and 819 of Pub. L. 97–35 effective Oct. 1, 1981, see section 820(1)(A), (4) of Pub. L. 97–35, set out as a note under section 1753 of this title.
Effective Date of 1978 Amendments
Amendment by Pub. L. 95–627 effective Oct. 1, 1978, see section 14 of Pub. L. 95–627, set out as a note under section 1755 of this title.
Amendment by Pub. L. 95–561 effective Oct. 1, 1978, and no provision therein to be construed as impairing or preventing the taking effect of any other Act providing for the transfer of functions described therein to an executive department having responsibility for education, see section 1415 of Pub. L. 95–561, set out as an Effective Date note under section 921 of Title 20, Education.
Review of Best Practices in the Breakfast Program
Pub. L. 108–265, title II, § 206, June 30, 2004, 118 Stat. 787, directed the Secretary of Agriculture to enter into an agreement with a research organization to collect and disseminate a review of best practices to assist school food authorities in addressing existing impediments at the State and local level that hinder the growth of the school breakfast program and, not later than 1 year after June 30, 2004, to make the review available to school food authorities via the Internet and to transmit it to congressional committees.
Consolidation of School Lunch Program and School Breakfast Program Into Comprehensive Meal Program
For provisions directing Secretary of Agriculture to consolidate school breakfast program under this section and school lunch program under chapter 13 (§ 1751 et seq.) of this title into comprehensive meal program, see section 301 of Pub. L. 103–448, set out as a note under section 1751 of this title.
Adjustments in Maximum Breakfast Payments for Fiscal Year Ending September 30, 1981
Pub. L. 96–499, title II, § 210, Dec. 5, 1980, 94 Stat. 2602, provided that: “Notwithstanding section 4(b)(2)(B)(ii) of the Child Nutrition Act of 1966 [subsec. (b)(2)(B)(ii) of this section], in determining the maximum payment for free breakfasts under such section for the fiscal year ending September 30, 1981— no adjustment under such section shall be made on January 1 of such fiscal year; and the adjustment under such section required to be made on July 1 of such fiscal year shall be computed to the nearest one-fourth cent based on changes, measured over the preceding twelve-month period for which data are available, in the series for food away from home of the Consumer Price Index for All Urban Consumers, published by the Bureau of Labor Statistics, Department of Labor.”
Alternate Foods
Pub. L. 95–627, § 6(d), Nov. 10, 1998, 93 Stat. 3621, provided that: “The Secretary shall not limit or prohibit, during the school year 1978–79, the use of formulated grain-fruit products currently approved for use in the school breakfast program. The Secretary shall consult experts in child nutrition, industry representatives, and school food service personnel and school administrators (including personnel and administrators in school systems using such products) with respect to the continued use of formulated grain-fruit products in the school breakfast program, and shall also take into account the findings and recommendations in the report on this subject of the General Accounting Office [now Government Accountability Office]. The Secretary shall not promulgate a final rule disapproving the use of such products in the school breakfast program beyond the 1978–79 school year until the Secretary has notified the appropriate committees of Congress, and such rule shall not take effect until sixty days after such notification.”
Report to Congress of Needs for Additional Funds for School Breakfast and Nonfood Assistance Programs, Fiscal Year Ending June 30, 1972
Pub. L. 92–153, § 3, Nov. 5, 1971, 85 Stat. 420, provided that the Secretary of Agriculture determine immediately upon enactment of this resolution (Nov. 5, 1971) and report to Congress the needs for additional funds to carry out the school breakfast and nonfood assistance programs during the fiscal year ending June 30, 1972, at levels permitting expansion of the school breakfast and school lunch programs to all schools desiring such programs as rapidly as practicable.
Transfer of Funds to Schools in Need of Additional Assistance in School Breakfast Program
Pub. L. 92–153, § 7, Nov. 5, 1971, 85 Stat. 420, provided that: “In addition to any other authority given to the Secretary he is hereby authorized to transfer funds from section 32 of the Act of August 24, 1935 [section 612c of Title 7, Agriculture], for the purpose of assisting schools which demonstrate a need for additional funds in the school breakfast program.”
Direct Distribution Programs for Diet of Needy Children Suffering From General and Continued Hunger; Additional Funds
Additional funds for direct distribution programs for diet of needy children suffering from general and continued hunger and payment of administrative costs of State or local welfare agency carrying out such programs, see section 6 of Pub. L. 92–32, set out as a note under section 612c of Title 7, Agriculture.