16 U.S.C. §§ 1–6

[§1. Repealed. Pub. L. 113–287, § 7, Dec. 19, 2014, 128 Stat. 3272 — repealed]

16 U.S.C. § 1

Notes, amendments, and revision history

Section, act Aug. 25, 1916, ch. 408, § 1, 39 Stat. 535; Ex. Ord. No. 6166, § 2, June 10, 1933; Mar. 2, 1934, ch. 38, § 1, 48 Stat. 389; July 26, 1947, ch. 343, title II, § 205(a), 61 Stat. 501; Pub. L. 104–333, div. I, title VIII, § 814(e)(1), Nov. 12, 1996, 110 Stat. 4196, related to creation of National Park Service. See sections 100101(a), 100301, and 100302(a)(1), (2), (b), (c) of Title 54, National Park Service and Related Programs.

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Short Title of 2019 Amendment

Pub. L. 116–9, § 1(a), Mar. 12, 2019, 133 Stat. 580, provided that: “This Act [see Tables for classification] may be cited as the ‘John D. Dingell, Jr. Conservation, Management, and Recreation Act’.”

Short Title of 2008 Amendment

Pub. L. 110–229, § 1(a), May 8, 2008, 122 Stat. 754, provided that: “This Act [see Tables for classification] may be cited as the ‘Consolidated Natural Resources Act of 2008’.”

Short Title of 2004 Amendment

Pub. L. 108–352, § 1, Oct. 21, 2004, 118 Stat. 1395, provided that: “This Act [see Tables for classification] may be cited as the ‘National Park System Laws Technical Amendments Act of 2004’.”

Short Title of 2002 Amendment

Pub. L. 107–236, § 1, Oct. 9, 2002, 116 Stat. 1483, provided that: “This Act [amending section 460kk of this title] may be cited as the ‘Santa Monica Mountains National Recreation Area Boundary Adjustment Act’.”

Short Title of 2000 Amendment

Pub. L. 106–510, § 1, Nov. 13, 2000, 114 Stat. 2363, provided that: “This Act [see Tables for classification] may be cited as the ‘Hawaii Volcanoes National Park Adjustment Act of 2000’.”

Short Title of 1983 Amendment

Pub. L. 98–141, § 1, Oct. 31, 1983, 97 Stat. 909, provided: “That this Act [amending sections 459b–8, 459g–7, and 460x–14 of this title and sections 872, 874, 875, 880, and 885 of former Title 40, Public Buildings, Property, and Works, repealing section 433e of this title, and amending provisions set out as a note under section 433c of this title] may be cited as the ‘Public Lands and National Parks Act of 1983’.”

Definition of “Secretary”

Pub. L. 116–9, § 2, Mar. 12, 2019, 133 Stat. 584, provided that: “In this Act [see Short Title of 2018 Amendment note set out above], the term ‘Secretary’ means the Secretary of the Interior.”

[§1a. Repealed. June 25, 1948, ch. 646, § 39, 62 Stat. 992, eff. Sept. 1, 1948 — repealed]

16 U.S.C. § 1a

Notes, amendments, and revision history

Section, act June 28, 1938, ch. 778, § 1, 52 Stat. 1213, related to residence of United States Commissioners [now magistrate judges].

[§1a–1. Repealed. Pub. L. 113–287, § 7, Dec. 19, 2014, 128 Stat. 3272 — repealed]

16 U.S.C. § 1a–1

Notes, amendments, and revision history

Section, Pub. L. 91–383, § 1, Aug. 18, 1970, 84 Stat. 825; Pub. L. 95–250, title I, § 101(b), Mar. 27, 1978, 92 Stat. 166, related to National Park System: administration; declaration of findings and purpose. See section 100101(b) of Title 54, National Park Service and Related Programs.

[§1a–2. Repealed. Pub. L. 113–287, § 7, Dec. 19, 2014, 128 Stat. 3272 — repealed]

16 U.S.C. § 1a–2

Notes, amendments, and revision history

Section, Pub. L. 91–383, § 3, Aug. 18, 1970, 84 Stat. 826; Pub. L. 94–458, § 1, Oct. 7, 1976, 90 Stat. 1939; Pub. L. 104–333, div. I, title VII, § 703, title VIII, § 818, Nov. 12, 1996, 110 Stat. 4185, 4201; Pub. L. 105–391, title VIII, § 802(a), Nov. 13, 1998, 112 Stat. 3522; Pub. L. 106–176, title I, § 118, Mar. 10, 2000, 114 Stat. 28, related to Secretary of the Interior’s authorization of activities. See sections 100751(b), 100901(a) to (c), 100906(a), (d), 101302, 101702(b), (c), 101703, and 102102 of Title 54, National Park Service and Related Programs.

[§1a–3. Repealed. Pub. L. 113–287, § 7, Dec. 19, 2014, 128 Stat. 3272 — repealed]

16 U.S.C. § 1a–3

Notes, amendments, and revision history

Section, Pub. L. 91–383, § 6, as added Pub. L. 94–458, § 2, Oct. 7, 1976, 90 Stat. 1939; amended Pub. L. 103–437, § 6(a)(1), Nov. 2, 1994, 108 Stat. 4583, related to legislative jurisdiction; relinquishment by Secretary; submittal of proposed agreement to Congressional committees; concurrent legislative jurisdiction. See section 100754 of Title 54, National Park Service and Related Programs.

[§1a–4. Repealed. Pub. L. 113–287, § 7, Dec. 19, 2014, 128 Stat. 3272 — repealed]

16 U.S.C. § 1a–4

Notes, amendments, and revision history

Section, Pub. L. 91–383, § 7, as added Pub. L. 94–458, § 2, Oct. 7, 1976, 90 Stat. 1940, related to uniform allowance.

[§1a–5. Repealed. Pub. L. 113–287, § 7, Dec. 19, 2014, 128 Stat. 3272 — repealed]

16 U.S.C. § 1a–5

Notes, amendments, and revision history

Section, Pub. L. 91–383, § 8, as added Pub. L. 94–458, § 2, Oct. 7, 1976, 90 Stat. 1940; amended Pub. L. 95–625, title VI, § 604(1), Nov. 10, 1978, 92 Stat. 3518; Pub. L. 96–199, title I, § 104, Mar. 5, 1980, 94 Stat. 68; Pub. L. 96–344, § 8, Sept. 8, 1980, 94 Stat. 1135; Pub. L. 103–437, § 6(b), Nov. 2, 1994, 108 Stat. 4583; Pub. L. 104–333, div. I, title VIII, § 814(d)(1)(I), Nov. 12, 1996, 110 Stat. 4196; Pub. L. 105–391, title III, § 303, Nov. 13, 1998, 112 Stat. 3501, related to additional areas for National Park System. See section 100507 of Title 54, National Park Service and Related Programs.

[§1a–6. Repealed. Pub. L. 113–287, § 7, Dec. 19, 2014, 128 Stat. 3272 — repealed]

16 U.S.C. § 1a–6

Notes, amendments, and revision history

Section, Pub. L. 91–383, § 10, as added Pub. L. 94–458, § 2, Oct. 7, 1976, 90 Stat. 1941; amended Pub. L. 106–437, § 2, Nov. 6, 2000, 114 Stat. 1920; Pub. L. 108–352, § 11, Oct. 21, 2004, 118 Stat. 1397, related to law enforcement personnel within National Park System. See section 102701 of Title 54, National Park Service and Related Programs.

[§1a–7. Repealed. Pub. L. 113–287, § 7, Dec. 19, 2014, 128 Stat. 3272 — repealed]

16 U.S.C. § 1a–7

Notes, amendments, and revision history

Section, Pub. L. 91–383, § 12, as added Pub. L. 94–458, § 2, Oct. 7, 1976, 90 Stat. 1942; amended Pub. L. 95–625, title VI, § 604(3), (4), Nov. 10, 1978, 92 Stat. 3518, 3519; Pub. L. 103–437, § 6(c), Nov. 2, 1994, 108 Stat. 4583; Pub. L. 105–391, title IV, § 415(b)(2), Nov. 13, 1998, 112 Stat. 3515, related to National Park System development program. Subsec. (a), which required the Secretary of the Interior to transmit a detailed development program and had been omitted from the Code due to its termination, was repealed as obsolete. Subsec. (b) was repealed and restated in section 100502 of Title 54, National Park Service and Related Programs.

[§1a–7a. Repealed. Pub. L. 113–287, § 7, Dec. 19, 2014, 128 Stat. 3272 — repealed]

16 U.S.C. § 1a–7a

Notes, amendments, and revision history

Section, Pub. L. 91–383, § 13, as added Pub. L. 103–322, title IV, § 40132, Sept. 13, 1994, 108 Stat. 1917, related to National Park System crime prevention assistance. See section 102702 of Title 54, National Park Service and Related Programs.

§1a–7b. Protection of right of individuals to bear arms

16 U.S.C. § 1a–7b

(a)

Congressional findings— Congress finds the following:

(1)

The 2d amendment to the Constitution provides that “the right of the people to keep and bear Arms, shall not be infringed”.

(2)

Section 27.42 of title 50, Code of Federal Regulations, provides that, except in special circumstances, citizens of the United States may not “possess, use, or transport firearms on national wildlife refuges” of the United States Fish and Wildlife Service.

(3)

The regulations described in paragraph (2) prevent individuals complying with Federal and State laws from exercising the 2d amendment rights of the individuals while at units of the National Wildlife Refuge System.

(4)

The existence of different laws relating to the transportation and possession of firearms at different units of the National Wildlife Refuge System entrapped law-abiding gun owners while at units of the National Wildlife Refuge System.

(5)

Although the Bush administration issued new regulations relating to the 2d amendment rights of law-abiding citizens in units of the National Wildlife Refuge System that went into effect on January 9, 2009—

(A)

on March 19, 2009, the United States District Court for the District of Columbia granted a preliminary injunction with respect to the implementation and enforcement of the new regulations; and

(B)

the new regulations—

(i)

are under review by the Obama administration; and

(ii)

may be altered.

(6)

Congress needs to weigh in on the new regulations to ensure that unelected bureaucrats and judges cannot again override the 2d amendment rights of law-abiding citizens on 90,790,000 acres of land under the jurisdiction of the United States Fish and Wildlife Service.

(7)

Federal laws should make it clear that the 2d amendment rights of an individual at a unit of the National Wildlife Refuge System should not be infringed.

(b)

Protection of right of individuals to bear arms in units of the National Wildlife Refuge System— The Secretary shall not promulgate or enforce any regulation that prohibits an individual from possessing a firearm, including an assembled or functional firearm, in any unit of the National Wildlife Refuge System if—

(1)

the individual is not otherwise prohibited by law from possessing the firearm; and

(2)

the possession of the firearm is in compliance with the law of the State in which the unit of the National Wildlife Refuge System is located.

Notes, amendments, and revision history

(Pub. L. 111–24, title V, § 512, May 22, 2009, 123 Stat. 1764; Pub. L. 113–287, §§ 4(d), 7, Dec. 19, 2014, 128 Stat. 3263, 3272.)

Editorial Notes

Amendments

2014—Pub. L. 113–287, § 7, which directed repeal of this section insofar as it related to the National Park System, could not be executed because of the general amendment by Pub. L. 113–287, § 4(d), which made section applicable only to the National Wildlife Refuge System. See below. For provisions related to the National Park System, see section 104906 of Title 54, National Park Service and Related Programs.

Pub. L. 113–287, § 4(d), amended section generally. Prior to amendment, section related to the right of Americans to exercise their Second Amendment rights in the National Park System and the National Wildlife Refuge System.

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date

Section effective nine months after May 22, 2009, except as otherwise specifically provided, see section 3 of Pub. L. 111–24, set out as an Effective Date of 2009 Amendment note under section 1602 of Title 15, Commerce and Trade.

[§1a–8. Repealed. Pub. L. 113–287, § 7, Dec. 19, 2014, 128 Stat. 3272 — repealed]

16 U.S.C. § 1a–8

Notes, amendments, and revision history

Section, Pub. L. 98–540, § 4, Oct. 24, 1984, 98 Stat. 2719; Pub. L. 103–437, § 6(d)(1), Nov. 2, 1994, 108 Stat. 4583; Pub. L. 104–333, div. I, title VIII, § 814(d)(1)(F), Nov. 12, 1996, 110 Stat. 4196, related to maintenance management system for the National Park System. Subsec. (a) was repealed and restated in section 101301 of Title 54, National Park Service and Related Programs. Subsec. (b), which required annual status reports, had been previously repealed by Pub. L. 104–333.

[§1a–9. Repealed. Pub. L. 113–287, § 7, Dec. 19, 2014, 128 Stat. 3272 — repealed]

16 U.S.C. § 1a–9

Notes, amendments, and revision history

Section, Pub. L. 101–628, title XII, § 1213, Nov. 28, 1990, 104 Stat. 4507; Pub. L. 103–437, § 6(d)(2), Nov. 2, 1994, 108 Stat. 4583, related to periodic review of National Park System. See section 100505(a) of Title 54, National Park Service and Related Programs.

[§1a–10. Repealed. Pub. L. 113–287, § 7, Dec. 19, 2014, 128 Stat. 3272 — repealed]

16 U.S.C. § 1a–10

Notes, amendments, and revision history

Section, Pub. L. 101–628, title XII, § 1214, Nov. 28, 1990, 104 Stat. 4508, related to consultation with affected agencies and organizations. See section 100505(b) of Title 54, National Park Service and Related Programs.

[§1a–11. Repealed. Pub. L. 113–287, § 7, Dec. 19, 2014, 128 Stat. 3272 — repealed]

16 U.S.C. § 1a–11

Notes, amendments, and revision history

Section, Pub. L. 101–628, title XII, § 1215, Nov. 28, 1990, 104 Stat. 4508, related to contents of the report on the periodic review of the National Park System. See section 100505(c) of Title 54, National Park Service and Related Programs.

[§1a–12. Repealed. Pub. L. 113–287, § 7, Dec. 19, 2014, 128 Stat. 3272 — repealed]

16 U.S.C. § 1a–12

Notes, amendments, and revision history

Section, Pub. L. 101–628, title XII, § 1216, Nov. 28, 1990, 104 Stat. 4508, related to evaluation of proposed boundary changes. See section 100506(a) of Title 54, National Park Service and Related Programs.

[§1a–13. Repealed. Pub. L. 113–287, § 7, Dec. 19, 2014, 128 Stat. 3272 — repealed]

16 U.S.C. § 1a–13

Notes, amendments, and revision history

Section, Pub. L. 101–628, title XII, § 1217, Nov. 28, 1990, 104 Stat. 4508, related to proposals for boundary changes. See section 100506(b) of Title 54, National Park Service and Related Programs.

[§1a–14. Repealed. Pub. L. 113–287, § 7, Dec. 19, 2014, 128 Stat. 3272 — repealed]

16 U.S.C. § 1a–14

Notes, amendments, and revision history

Section, Pub. L. 102–525, title III, § 301, Oct. 26, 1992, 106 Stat. 3441, related to National Park System advisory committees. See section 100906(b), (c) of Title 54, National Park Service and Related Programs.

[§1b. Repealed or Transferred — repealed]

16 U.S.C. § 1b

Notes, amendments, and revision history

Editorial Notes

Codification

Section, act Aug. 8, 1953, ch. 384, § 1, 67 Stat. 495; Pub. L. 91–383, § 2(a), Aug. 18, 1970, 84 Stat. 826, which related to Secretary of the Interior’s authorization of additional activities; administration of National Park System, was repealed in part and transferred in part. Introductory provisions and pars. (1), (2), and (4) to (8) were repealed and restated in sections 100901(a), (d) to (h), 101901, and 102711 of Title 54, National Park Service and Related Programs. Par. (3) was transferred and is set out as a note under section 407a of this title.

[§1c. Repealed. Pub. L. 113–287, § 7, Dec. 19, 2014, 128 Stat. 3272 — repealed]

16 U.S.C. § 1c

Notes, amendments, and revision history

Section, act Aug. 8, 1953, ch. 384, § 2, 67 Stat. 496; Pub. L. 91–383, § 2(b), Aug. 18, 1970, 84 Stat. 826, related to general administration provisions; system defined; particular areas. See sections 100501 and 100755 of Title 54, National Park Service and Related Programs.

[§1d. Repealed. Pub. L. 113–287, § 7, Dec. 19, 2014, 128 Stat. 3272 — repealed]

16 U.S.C. § 1d

Notes, amendments, and revision history

Section, act Aug. 8, 1953, ch. 384, § 3, 67 Stat. 496, related to appropriations. See section 103102 of Title 54, National Park Service and Related Programs.

[§1e. Repealed. Pub. L. 113–287, § 7, Dec. 19, 2014, 128 Stat. 3272 — repealed]

16 U.S.C. § 1e

Notes, amendments, and revision history

Section, Pub. L. 98–473, title I, § 101(c) [title I, § 100], Oct. 12, 1984, 98 Stat. 1837, 1844; Pub. L. 89–671, § 14(c), as added Pub. L. 107–219, § 1(a)(3), Aug. 21, 2002, 116 Stat. 1330, related to National Capital region arts and cultural affairs; grant program. See section 102302 of Title 54, National Park Service and Related Programs.

[§1f. Repealed. Pub. L. 113–287, § 7, Dec. 19, 2014, 128 Stat. 3272 — repealed]

16 U.S.C. § 1f

Notes, amendments, and revision history

Section, Pub. L. 104–333, div. I, title VIII, § 814(g), Nov. 12, 1996, 110 Stat. 4199; Pub. L. 113–40, § 10(c), Oct. 2, 2013, 127 Stat. 546, related to challenge cost-share agreement authority. See section 101701 of Title 54, National Park Service and Related Programs.

[§1g. Repealed. Pub. L. 113–287, § 7, Dec. 19, 2014, 128 Stat. 3272 — repealed]

16 U.S.C. § 1g

Notes, amendments, and revision history

Section, Pub. L. 104–208, div. A, title I, § 101(d) [title I], Sept. 30, 1996, 110 Stat. 3009–181, 3009–189, related to cooperative agreements. See section 101702(a) of Title 54, National Park Service and Related Programs.

[§1h. Repealed. Pub. L. 113–287, § 7, Dec. 19, 2014, 128 Stat. 3272 — repealed]

16 U.S.C. § 1h

Notes, amendments, and revision history

Section, Pub. L. 108–7, div. F, title I, Feb. 20, 2003, 117 Stat. 227, related to sums provided by private entities for utility services. See section 103103 of Title 54, National Park Service and Related Programs.

[§1i. Repealed. Pub. L. 113–287, § 7, Dec. 19, 2014, 128 Stat. 3272 — repealed]

16 U.S.C. § 1i

Notes, amendments, and revision history

Section, Pub. L. 108–7, div. F, title I, Feb. 20, 2003, 117 Stat. 227, related to reimbursable agreements. See section 101704 of Title 54, National Park Service and Related Programs.

[§1j. Repealed. Pub. L. 113–287, § 7, Dec. 19, 2014, 128 Stat. 3272 — repealed]

16 U.S.C. § 1j

Notes, amendments, and revision history

Section, Pub. L. 110–229, title III, § 301, May 8, 2008, 122 Stat. 768, related to cooperative agreements for national park natural resource protection. Subsecs. (a) to (c) were repealed and restated in section 101702(d) of Title 54, National Park Service and Related Programs. Subsec. (d) authorized appropriations to carry out this section.

[§2. Repealed. Pub. L. 113–287, § 7, Dec. 19, 2014, 128 Stat. 3272 — repealed]

16 U.S.C. § 2

Notes, amendments, and revision history

Section, act Aug. 25, 1916, ch. 408, § 2, 39 Stat. 535; Mar. 4, 1921, ch. 161, § 1, 41 Stat. 1407, related to national parks, reservations, and monuments; supervision. See section 100302(a)(3) of Title 54, National Park Service and Related Programs.

[§3. Repealed. Pub. L. 113–287, § 7, Dec. 19, 2014, 128 Stat. 3272 — repealed]

16 U.S.C. § 3

Notes, amendments, and revision history

Section, act Aug. 25, 1916, ch. 408, § 3, 39 Stat. 535; June 2, 1920, ch. 218, § 5, 41 Stat. 732; Mar. 7, 1928, ch. 137, § 1, 45 Stat. 235; Pub. L. 85–434, May 29, 1958, 72 Stat. 152; Pub. L. 105–391, title IV, § 415(b)(1), Nov. 13, 1998, 112 Stat. 3515, related to rules and regulations of national parks, reservations, and monuments; timber; leases. See section 1865(a) of Title 18, Crimes and Criminal Procedure, and sections 100751(a), 100752, 100753, and 102101 of Title 54, National Park Service and Related Programs.

[§3a. Repealed. Pub. L. 113–287, § 7, Dec. 19, 2014, 128 Stat. 3272 — repealed]

16 U.S.C. § 3a

Notes, amendments, and revision history

Section, Pub. L. 103–138, title I, Nov. 11, 1993, 107 Stat. 1387, related to recovery of costs associated with special use permits. See section 103104 of Title 54, National Park Service and Related Programs.

[§3b. Repealed. Pub. L. 113–287, § 7, Dec. 19, 2014, 128 Stat. 3272 — repealed]

16 U.S.C. § 3b

Notes, amendments, and revision history

Section, Pub. L. 87–608, Aug. 24, 1962, 76 Stat. 405, related to maintenance and repair of Government improvements under concession contracts.

Editorial Notes

Codification

Section was classified to section 303c of former Title 40, prior to the enactment of Title 40, Public Buildings, Property, and Works, by Pub. L. 107–217, § 1, Aug. 21, 2002, 116 Stat. 1062.

[§4. Repealed. Pub. L. 113–287, § 7, Dec. 19, 2014, 128 Stat. 3272 — repealed]

16 U.S.C. § 4

Notes, amendments, and revision history

Section, act Aug. 25, 1916, ch. 408, § 4, 39 Stat. 536, related to rights-of-way through public lands. See section 100303 of Title 54, National Park Service and Related Programs.

[§5. Omitted — omitted]

16 U.S.C. § 5

Notes, amendments, and revision history

Editorial Notes

Codification

Section, acts Mar. 4, 1911, ch. 238, 36 Stat. 1253; May 27, 1952, ch. 338, 66 Stat. 95; Pub. L. 94–579, title VII, § 706(a), Oct. 21, 1976, 90 Stat. 2793; Pub. L. 113–287, § 7, Dec. 19, 2014, 128 Stat. 3272, which authorized heads of departments to grant easements for rights-of-way on “the public lands, national forests, and reservations of the United States” for electrical power and communications purposes, was omitted because its provisions, as they related to System units, were repealed by Pub. L. 113–287 and because act Mar. 4, 1911, is also classified to section 961 of Title 43, Public Lands. It was also classified to sections 420 and 523 of this title prior to their omission from the Code.

[§6. Repealed. Pub. L. 113–287, § 7, Dec. 19, 2014, 128 Stat. 3272 — repealed]

16 U.S.C. § 6

Notes, amendments, and revision history

Section, act June 5, 1920, ch. 235, § 1, 41 Stat. 917, related to donations of lands within national parks and monuments and moneys. See section 101101 of Title 54, National Park Service and Related Programs.