Ushering in the Next Frontier of Quantum Innovation

In addition to continuing trailblazing quantum research, we must act to solidify the Nation's position as the world's QIST superpower and deliver the commercial and research benefits of quantum innovation to the American people. Equally important, we must protect sensitive technologies and work with allies to ensure adversaries cannot use QIST to undermine national security.

(b) Within 30 days of the date of the publication of the updated Strategy, relevant executive departments and agencies (agencies) shall each submit to the APST and the Director of the Office of Management and Budget (OMB) a summary of steps taken to align their processes, policies, and programs with the Strategy.

(b) The Secretary of War, the Secretary of Commerce, the Secretary of Energy, the DNI, the Director of NSF, and the heads of other relevant agencies as appropriate, in consultation with the Director of OMB, shall ensure that relevant capabilities, manufacturing infrastructure, and expertise are made available to support the QC-ADDS Effort to the extent practicable, and shall deploy these resources towards exploration of quantum-computer-enabled capabilities for commercial, government, and national security applications. Additionally, the APST shall coordinate with the Administrator of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), the Director of the National Security Agency (NSA), and the heads of other relevant agencies to identify additional actions to enhance the QC-ADDS Effort.

(c) Within 90 days of the date of this order, the Secretary of Energy, in coordination with the APST and the heads of other relevant agencies, shall identify the technical specifications required for a QC-ADDS to perform transformative scientific applications that are on a path towards economically significant applications and beyond current classical computer capabilities, and shall publicly release a summary of those specifications, as appropriate.

(d) Within 180 days of the date of this order, the Secretary of Energy, in consultation with the Director of OMB, shall explore potential private-sector partnership models to understand the potential cost, scope, and time frame for delivery of at least one QC-ADDS as described in subsection (a) of this section. Further, the Secretary of Commerce shall develop a plan, potentially including advance market commitments, to encourage contributions to the QC-ADDS Effort from commercial quantum computing companies. Finally, the Secretary of War shall establish or designate activities and programs to develop the tools and capabilities necessary to advance readiness for national security applications of quantum computing, potentially including the establishment of a center for such purpose.

(e) To provide for the robust assessment of the QC-ADDS' and other quantum computing systems' capabilities, within 180 days of the date of this order:

(i) the Secretary of Energy, in consultation with the Secretary of War and the Secretary of Commerce, shall establish a national center to develop the tools and capabilities required to accurately assess the performance of quantum computing systems; and

(ii) the Co-Chairs of the ESIX Subcommittee shall recommend to the APST a mechanism to facilitate information-sharing between relevant agencies to improve the Government's ability to assess commercial quantum computing capabilities.

(f) The DNI and the Secretary of War, in coordination with the Co-Chairs of the ESIX Subcommittee and in consultation with the Secretary of State, the Secretary of Commerce, and the Secretary of Energy, shall identify the national security implications of the increasing scale and performance of commercial quantum computers, such as the implications for the migration to post-quantum cryptography.

(b) Each of the following heads of relevant agencies shall develop a 5-year plan for advancing quantum sensing and networking as follows:

(i) the Secretary of Commerce shall develop a plan for advancing commercial readiness of quantum sensing, quantum-sensor manufacturing technology, and quantum-network-enhanced timing;

(ii) the Secretary of Energy shall develop a plan for using quantum sensing and imaging to measure and characterize complex systems, and for using quantum networking to enable distributed quantum computing;

(iii) the Director of NSF shall develop a plan for basic science research to identify applications of quantum sensing and networking, develop novel systems-level concepts, and improve QIST manufacturing science; and

(iv) the Administrator of NASA shall develop a plan for developing and extending civilian quantum sensing and networking for space applications.

(c) The heads of relevant agencies shall prioritize research, development, testing, and evaluation of applications and hardware for quantum sensing and quantum networking.

(b) Within 120 days of the date of this order, the Secretary of War, the Secretary of Commerce, the Secretary of Energy, and the Director of NSF shall develop a plan, with coordination from the APST and the Director of OMB, to encourage and partner with the private sector, potentially using prize challenges or advance market commitments, to develop quantum-enabling component technologies in the United States, and to identify any changes to statutory or regulatory authorities required to address quantum-specific market hurdles.

(c) All relevant agencies shall take steps to share, to the maximum extent possible, information regarding quantum computing supply chains, such as that generated by the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency Quantum Benchmarking Initiative, with the Departments of War, Commerce, and Energy and with the APST and the Assistant to the President for National Security Affairs (APNSA), to inform Government-wide decision making.

(d) Within 180 days of the date of this order:

(i) the Secretary of War, in consultation with the heads of relevant agencies, shall take steps to increase domestic access to Department of War-sponsored QIST-relevant foundry resources, and strengthen efforts, as appropriate, to improve access to critical QIST supply chains; and

(ii) the Director of NSF shall take steps to issue grants for establishing QIST user facilities through the National Quantum and Nanotechnology Infrastructure program.

(e) Within 210 days of the date of this order, to support the reconstitution of the National Quantum Initiative Advisory Committee (NQIAC), as provided in section 104 of the National Quantum Initiative Act of 2018, as amended, and pursuant to Executive Order 14073 of May 4, 2022 (Enhancing the National Quantum Initiative Advisory Committee), the APST shall recommend a revised NQIAC membership list and shall task the NQIAC to develop recommendations for stimulating the development of quantum-enabling technologies in the United States.

(b) The Director of the Federal Bureau of Investigation, in coordination with the Secretary of State, the Secretary of War, the Secretary of Commerce, the Secretary of Energy, the Secretary of Homeland Security, the DNI, and the Director of the NSA, shall propose to the APST, the APNSA, and the Director of OMB staffing requirements to expand the Quantum Information Science and Technology Counterintelligence Protection Team (QCPT) to improve and coordinate protections against adversarial threats to the QIST ecosystem, including cybersecurity threats, coordinate public messaging and outreach related to those threats, and enhance sharing of threat information with Federal, industry, and academic QIST research and development entities. Relevant agencies shall coordinate and deconflict with the QCPT on all outreach to QIST industry and academia related to quantum-specific security guidance and threat information.

(b) Within 120 days of the date of this order:

(i) the Secretary of Labor shall ensure that QIST-relevant industry needs are prioritized in workforce training efforts related to Executive Order 14278 of April 23, 2025 (Preparing Americans for High-Paying Skilled Trade Jobs of the Future), and the implementation of America's Talent Strategy where possible, including related to the expansion of registered apprenticeships for relevant occupations; and

(ii) the Secretary of Labor and the Director of NSF, in coordination with the Co-Chairs of the SCQIS Subcommittee, shall develop an approach to tracking labor statistics for assessing the needs of the United States quantum ecosystem, including developing a definition for “QIST-relevant occupations”, and associated skills and credentials.

(c) Within 180 days of the date of this order:

(i) the APST shall engage with United States industry and academic institutions to promote the expansion of post-secondary training opportunities for supporting skillsets that will lead Americans into rewarding QIST industry jobs, such as by prioritizing hands-on training with QIST systems or concepts; and

(ii) the Director of NSF shall take steps to initiate a network of National QIST Workforce Development Institutes to enhance QIST training opportunities and coordinate training efforts across Federal, State, and local agencies.

(i) ensure that United States quantum and quantum-enabling technology companies have access to strategic markets and capital from like-minded countries;

(ii) maintain an international ecosystem of quantum-enabling technology companies with access to trusted supply chains, through, for example, harmonizing investment restrictions with international allies and partners;

(iii) prevent countries of concern from acquiring critical quantum-enabling technologies, through, for example, harmonizing research security and export control policies with international allies and partners;

(iv) promote and enhance research and development collaboration and the flow of people and ideas across like-minded countries in support of the interests of the United States quantum industry; and

(v) develop, promote, and coordinate effective quantum research and technology protection efforts with like-minded countries.

(b) The Secretary of Commerce, in coordination with the United States Trade Representative, shall identify and provide recommendations to the President, through the APST, to address foreign trade barriers, discriminatory treatment, and other policies that limit the competitiveness of American QIST companies.

(c) Within 120 days of the date of this order, the Secretary of State shall provide recommendations to the APNSA and the APST on how to align existing bilateral and multilateral international engagements, including Pax Silica, to advance the priorities of this order.

(i) section 6(a) of this order within 90 days of the date of this order; and

(ii) section 5(b) of this order within 120 days of the date of this order.

(b) Reports shall be submitted to the President, through the APST and the APNSA, regarding the actions directed in:

(i) section 7(b) of this order within 60 days of the date of this order; and

(ii) section 9(a) of this order within 180 days of the date of this order.

(c) Reports shall be submitted to the President, through the APST, the APNSA, and the National Cyber Director, regarding the actions directed in section 4(f) of this order within 1 year of the date of this order, and annually thereafter.

(i) the authority granted by law to an executive department or agency, or the head thereof; or

(ii) the functions of the Director of the Office of Management and Budget relating to budgetary, administrative, or legislative proposals.

(b) This order shall be implemented consistent with applicable law and subject to the availability of appropriations.

(c) This order is not intended to, and does not, create any right or benefit, substantive or procedural, enforceable at law or in equity by any party against the United States, its departments, agencies, or entities, its officers, employees, or agents, or any other person.

(d) The costs for publication of this order shall be borne by the Department of Energy.