Implementing the United States-Japan Agreement

Under the Agreement, the United States will apply a baseline 15 percent tariff on nearly all Japanese imports entering the United States, alongside separate sector-specific treatment for automobiles and automobile parts; aerospace products; generic pharmaceuticals; and natural resources that are not naturally available or produced in the United States. This new tariff framework, combined with expanded United States exports and investment-driven production, will help reduce the trade deficit with Japan and restore greater balance to the overall United States trade position.

Japan, meanwhile, will provide American manufacturing, aerospace, agriculture, food, energy, automobile, and industrial goods producers with breakthrough openings in market access across key sectors. Specifically, the Government of Japan is working toward an expedited implementation of a 75 percent increase of United States rice procurements within the Minimum Access rice scheme and purchases of United States agricultural goods, including corn, soybeans, fertilizer, bioethanol (including for sustainable aviation fuel), as well as other United States products, in amounts totaling $8 billion per year. The Government of Japan is also working to accept for sale in Japan United States-manufactured and United States-safety-certified passenger vehicles without additional testing. Separately, Japan will purchase United States-made commercial aircraft, as well as United States defense equipment.

Critically, unlike any other agreement in American history, the Government of Japan has agreed to invest $550 billion in the United States. These investments—which will be selected by the United States Government—will generate hundreds of thousands of United States jobs, expand domestic manufacturing, and secure American prosperity for generations.

In my judgment, I determine that the following actions are consistent with the national interest of the United States and are necessary and appropriate to address the national emergency declared in Executive Order 14257, as amended, and to reduce or eliminate the threats to national security found in Proclamation 9704, as amended; Proclamation 9705, as amended; Proclamation 9888, as amended; and Proclamation 10962.

(b) Except as provided in subsection (a) of this section, the terms of Executive Order 14257, as amended, shall continue to apply to products of Japan.

(c) The Secretary of Commerce (Secretary), in consultation with the United States Trade Representative; the Secretary of Homeland Security, acting through the Commissioner of U.S. Customs and Border Protection (CBP); and the Chair of the United States International Trade Commission (ITC), shall determine whether modifications to the HTSUS are necessary or appropriate to effectuate this order and may make such modifications through notice in the Federal Register .

(d) The tariffs set forth in subsection (a) of this section shall apply retroactively to products of Japan entered for consumption or withdrawn from warehouse for consumption on or after 12:01 a.m. eastern daylight time on August 7, 2025. Any refunds shall be processed pursuant to applicable laws and CBP's standard procedures for such refunds.

(e) The Secretary may issue rules, regulations, guidance, and procedures to carry out the provisions of this section, including rules for determining what are “products of Japan” for purposes of this section.

(i) Executive Order 14257, as amended;

(ii) Proclamation 9704, as amended;

(iii) Proclamation 9705, as amended; and

(iv) Proclamation 10962.

(b) Within 7 days of the date of publication of this order in the Federal Register , the Secretary, in consultation with the Chair of the ITC and the Commissioner of CBP, shall publish a notice in the Federal Register modifying the HTSUS consistent with this section.

(c) The Secretary may issue rules, regulations, guidance, and procedures to carry out the provisions of this section, including rules for determining what are “products of Japan” for purposes of this section.

(b) Within 7 days of the date of publication of this order in the Federal Register , the Secretary, in consultation with the Chair of the ITC and the Commissioner of CBP, shall publish a notice in the Federal Register modifying the HTSUS consistent with this section.

(c) The Secretary may issue rules, regulations, guidance, and procedures to carry out the provisions of this section, including rules for determining whether automobiles and automobile parts are “products of Japan” for purposes of this section.

(b) In determining when and for which products to modify the reciprocal tariff rate to zero percent, the Secretary shall act in a manner consistent with the national interests of the United States; the purposes of this order; the need to deal with the national emergency declared in Executive Order 14257, as amended; and the need to reduce or eliminate the threats to national security that I found pursuant to section 232. The Secretary shall also consider factors he deems appropriate, including the scope and nature of the commitments of the Government of Japan under the Agreement; the scope and nature of the commitments of the United States under the Agreement; the actions taken by the Government of Japan to implement its commitments under the Agreement; and the actions taken by the United States to implement its commitments under the Agreement.

(b) Should Japan fail to implement its commitments under the Agreement, I may modify this order as necessary to deal with the emergency declared in Executive Order 14257, as amended, and to reduce or eliminate the threats to national security found in Proclamation 9704, as amended; Proclamation 9705, as amended; Proclamation 9888, as amended; and Proclamation 10962.

(b) The Secretary of Homeland Security, in consultation with the Chair of the ITC, shall determine whether additional modifications to the HTSUS are necessary to effectuate this order and may make such modifications through notice in the Federal Register . The Secretary of Homeland Security shall consult with any senior officials she deems appropriate.

(c) Consistent with applicable law, the Secretary and the Secretary of Homeland Security may, consistent with applicable law, redelegate any of these functions within their respective department or agency.

(d) All executive departments and agencies shall take all

appropriate measures within their authority to implement this order.

(i) the authority granted by law to an executive department or agency, or the head thereof; or

(ii) the functions of the Director of the Office of Management and Budget relating to budgetary, administrative, or legislative proposals.

(b) This order shall be implemented consistent with applicable law and subject to the availability of appropriations.

(c) This order is not intended to, and does not, create any right or benefit, substantive or procedural, enforceable at law or in equity by any party against the United States, its departments, agencies, or entities, its officers, employees, or agents, or any other person.

(d) The costs for publication of this order shall be borne by the Department of Commerce.