§98.174. Monitoring and QA/QC requirements. — Inbound Citations

(1) Calculate the annual mass emissions of CO2 for the process as specified in paragraphs (b)(1)(i) through (b)(1)(vii) of this section. The calculations are based on the annual mass of inputs and outputs to the process and an annual analysis of the respective weight fraction of carbon as determined according to the procedures in § 98.174(b). If you have a process input or output other than CO2 in the exhaust gas that contains carbon that is not included in Equations Q-1 through Q-7 of this section, you must account for the carbon and mass rate of that process input or output in your calculations according to the procedures in § 98.174(b)(5).

(iii) For non-recovery coke oven batteries, estimate CO2 emissions using Equation Q-3 of this section.

(1) G10460—Alloy Digest April 1985 (Carbon Steel of Medium Carbon Content), incorporation by reference (IBR) approved for § 98.174(b).

(2) Whether the carbon content was determined from information from the supplier, material recycler, or by laboratory analysis, and if by laboratory analysis, the method used in § 98.174(b)(2).

(2) Except as provided in paragraph (b)(4) of this section, determine the carbon content of each process input and output annually for use in the applicable equations in § 98.173(b)(1) based on analyses provided by the supplier, analyses provided by material recyclers who manage process outputs for sale or use by other industries, or by the average carbon content determined by collecting and analyzing at least three samples each year using the standard methods specified in paragraphs (b)(2)(i) through (vii) of this section as applicable.

(i) ASTM C25-06, Standard Test Methods for Chemical Analysis of Limestone, Quicklime, and Hydrated Lime (incorporated by reference, see § 98.7) for limestone, dolomite, and slag.

(ii) ASTM D5373-08 Standard Test Methods for Instrumental Determination of Carbon, Hydrogen, and Nitrogen in Laboratory Samples of Coal (incorporated by reference, see § 98.7) for coal, coke, and other carbonaceous materials.

(iii) ASTM E1915-07a, Standard Test Methods for Analysis of Metal Bearing Ores and Related Materials by Combustion Infrared-Absorption Spectrometry (incorporated by reference, see § 98.7) for iron ore, taconite pellets, and other iron-bearing materials.

(iv) ASTM E1019-08, Standard Test Methods for Determination of Carbon, Sulfur, Nitrogen, and Oxygen in Steel, Iron, Nickel, and Cobalt Alloys by Various Combustion and Fusion Techniques (incorporated by reference, see § 98.7) for iron and ferrous scrap.

(v) G10460—Alloy Digest April 1985 (Carbon Steel of Medium Carbon Content) (incorporated by reference, see § 98.7); ISO/CSAPR 15349-1:1998, Unalloyed steel—Determination of low carbon content, Part 1: Infrared absorption method after combustion in an electric resistance furnace (by peak separation) (1998-10-15) First Edition (incorporated by reference, see § 98.7); or ISO/CSAPR 15349-3:1998, Unalloyed steel-Determination of low carbon content Part 3: Infrared absorption method after combustion in an electric resistance furnace (with preheating) (1998-10-15) First Edition (incorporated by reference, see § 98.7) as applicable for steel.

(vi) ASTM E415-17, Standard Test Method for Analysis of Carbon and Low-Alloy Steel by Spark Atomic Emission Spectrometry (incorporated by reference, see § 98.7) as applicable for steel.

(vii) For each process input that is a fuel, determine the carbon content and molecular weight (if applicable) using the applicable methods listed in § 98.34.

(2) Except as provided in paragraph (b)(4) of this section, determine the carbon content of each process input and output annually for use in the applicable equations in § 98.173(b)(1) based on analyses provided by the supplier, analyses provided by material recyclers who manage process outputs for sale or use by other industries, or by the average carbon content determined by collecting and analyzing at least three samples each year using the standard methods specified in paragraphs (b)(2)(i) through (vii) of this section as applicable.

(i) ASTM C25-06, Standard Test Methods for Chemical Analysis of Limestone, Quicklime, and Hydrated Lime (incorporated by reference, see § 98.7) for limestone, dolomite, and slag.

(ii) ASTM D5373-08 Standard Test Methods for Instrumental Determination of Carbon, Hydrogen, and Nitrogen in Laboratory Samples of Coal (incorporated by reference, see § 98.7) for coal, coke, and other carbonaceous materials.

(iii) ASTM E1915-07a, Standard Test Methods for Analysis of Metal Bearing Ores and Related Materials by Combustion Infrared-Absorption Spectrometry (incorporated by reference, see § 98.7) for iron ore, taconite pellets, and other iron-bearing materials.

(iv) ASTM E1019-08, Standard Test Methods for Determination of Carbon, Sulfur, Nitrogen, and Oxygen in Steel, Iron, Nickel, and Cobalt Alloys by Various Combustion and Fusion Techniques (incorporated by reference, see § 98.7) for iron and ferrous scrap.

(v) G10460—Alloy Digest April 1985 (Carbon Steel of Medium Carbon Content) (incorporated by reference, see § 98.7); ISO/CSAPR 15349-1:1998, Unalloyed steel—Determination of low carbon content, Part 1: Infrared absorption method after combustion in an electric resistance furnace (by peak separation) (1998-10-15) First Edition (incorporated by reference, see § 98.7); or ISO/CSAPR 15349-3:1998, Unalloyed steel-Determination of low carbon content Part 3: Infrared absorption method after combustion in an electric resistance furnace (with preheating) (1998-10-15) First Edition (incorporated by reference, see § 98.7) as applicable for steel.

(vi) ASTM E415-17, Standard Test Method for Analysis of Carbon and Low-Alloy Steel by Spark Atomic Emission Spectrometry (incorporated by reference, see § 98.7) as applicable for steel.

(vii) For each process input that is a fuel, determine the carbon content and molecular weight (if applicable) using the applicable methods listed in § 98.34.

(2) Except as provided in paragraph (b)(4) of this section, determine the carbon content of each process input and output annually for use in the applicable equations in § 98.173(b)(1) based on analyses provided by the supplier, analyses provided by material recyclers who manage process outputs for sale or use by other industries, or by the average carbon content determined by collecting and analyzing at least three samples each year using the standard methods specified in paragraphs (b)(2)(i) through (vii) of this section as applicable.

(i) ASTM C25-06, Standard Test Methods for Chemical Analysis of Limestone, Quicklime, and Hydrated Lime (incorporated by reference, see § 98.7) for limestone, dolomite, and slag.

(ii) ASTM D5373-08 Standard Test Methods for Instrumental Determination of Carbon, Hydrogen, and Nitrogen in Laboratory Samples of Coal (incorporated by reference, see § 98.7) for coal, coke, and other carbonaceous materials.

(iii) ASTM E1915-07a, Standard Test Methods for Analysis of Metal Bearing Ores and Related Materials by Combustion Infrared-Absorption Spectrometry (incorporated by reference, see § 98.7) for iron ore, taconite pellets, and other iron-bearing materials.

(iv) ASTM E1019-08, Standard Test Methods for Determination of Carbon, Sulfur, Nitrogen, and Oxygen in Steel, Iron, Nickel, and Cobalt Alloys by Various Combustion and Fusion Techniques (incorporated by reference, see § 98.7) for iron and ferrous scrap.

(v) G10460—Alloy Digest April 1985 (Carbon Steel of Medium Carbon Content) (incorporated by reference, see § 98.7); ISO/CSAPR 15349-1:1998, Unalloyed steel—Determination of low carbon content, Part 1: Infrared absorption method after combustion in an electric resistance furnace (by peak separation) (1998-10-15) First Edition (incorporated by reference, see § 98.7); or ISO/CSAPR 15349-3:1998, Unalloyed steel-Determination of low carbon content Part 3: Infrared absorption method after combustion in an electric resistance furnace (with preheating) (1998-10-15) First Edition (incorporated by reference, see § 98.7) as applicable for steel.

(vi) ASTM E415-17, Standard Test Method for Analysis of Carbon and Low-Alloy Steel by Spark Atomic Emission Spectrometry (incorporated by reference, see § 98.7) as applicable for steel.

(vii) For each process input that is a fuel, determine the carbon content and molecular weight (if applicable) using the applicable methods listed in § 98.34.

(2) Except as provided in paragraph (b)(4) of this section, determine the carbon content of each process input and output annually for use in the applicable equations in § 98.173(b)(1) based on analyses provided by the supplier, analyses provided by material recyclers who manage process outputs for sale or use by other industries, or by the average carbon content determined by collecting and analyzing at least three samples each year using the standard methods specified in paragraphs (b)(2)(i) through (vii) of this section as applicable.

(i) ASTM C25-06, Standard Test Methods for Chemical Analysis of Limestone, Quicklime, and Hydrated Lime (incorporated by reference, see § 98.7) for limestone, dolomite, and slag.

(ii) ASTM D5373-08 Standard Test Methods for Instrumental Determination of Carbon, Hydrogen, and Nitrogen in Laboratory Samples of Coal (incorporated by reference, see § 98.7) for coal, coke, and other carbonaceous materials.

(iii) ASTM E1915-07a, Standard Test Methods for Analysis of Metal Bearing Ores and Related Materials by Combustion Infrared-Absorption Spectrometry (incorporated by reference, see § 98.7) for iron ore, taconite pellets, and other iron-bearing materials.

(iv) ASTM E1019-08, Standard Test Methods for Determination of Carbon, Sulfur, Nitrogen, and Oxygen in Steel, Iron, Nickel, and Cobalt Alloys by Various Combustion and Fusion Techniques (incorporated by reference, see § 98.7) for iron and ferrous scrap.

(v) G10460—Alloy Digest April 1985 (Carbon Steel of Medium Carbon Content) (incorporated by reference, see § 98.7); ISO/CSAPR 15349-1:1998, Unalloyed steel—Determination of low carbon content, Part 1: Infrared absorption method after combustion in an electric resistance furnace (by peak separation) (1998-10-15) First Edition (incorporated by reference, see § 98.7); or ISO/CSAPR 15349-3:1998, Unalloyed steel-Determination of low carbon content Part 3: Infrared absorption method after combustion in an electric resistance furnace (with preheating) (1998-10-15) First Edition (incorporated by reference, see § 98.7) as applicable for steel.

(vi) ASTM E415-17, Standard Test Method for Analysis of Carbon and Low-Alloy Steel by Spark Atomic Emission Spectrometry (incorporated by reference, see § 98.7) as applicable for steel.

(vii) For each process input that is a fuel, determine the carbon content and molecular weight (if applicable) using the applicable methods listed in § 98.34.

(2) Except as provided in paragraph (b)(4) of this section, determine the carbon content of each process input and output annually for use in the applicable equations in § 98.173(b)(1) based on analyses provided by the supplier, analyses provided by material recyclers who manage process outputs for sale or use by other industries, or by the average carbon content determined by collecting and analyzing at least three samples each year using the standard methods specified in paragraphs (b)(2)(i) through (vii) of this section as applicable.

(i) ASTM C25-06, Standard Test Methods for Chemical Analysis of Limestone, Quicklime, and Hydrated Lime (incorporated by reference, see § 98.7) for limestone, dolomite, and slag.

(ii) ASTM D5373-08 Standard Test Methods for Instrumental Determination of Carbon, Hydrogen, and Nitrogen in Laboratory Samples of Coal (incorporated by reference, see § 98.7) for coal, coke, and other carbonaceous materials.

(iii) ASTM E1915-07a, Standard Test Methods for Analysis of Metal Bearing Ores and Related Materials by Combustion Infrared-Absorption Spectrometry (incorporated by reference, see § 98.7) for iron ore, taconite pellets, and other iron-bearing materials.

(iv) ASTM E1019-08, Standard Test Methods for Determination of Carbon, Sulfur, Nitrogen, and Oxygen in Steel, Iron, Nickel, and Cobalt Alloys by Various Combustion and Fusion Techniques (incorporated by reference, see § 98.7) for iron and ferrous scrap.

(v) G10460—Alloy Digest April 1985 (Carbon Steel of Medium Carbon Content) (incorporated by reference, see § 98.7); ISO/CSAPR 15349-1:1998, Unalloyed steel—Determination of low carbon content, Part 1: Infrared absorption method after combustion in an electric resistance furnace (by peak separation) (1998-10-15) First Edition (incorporated by reference, see § 98.7); or ISO/CSAPR 15349-3:1998, Unalloyed steel-Determination of low carbon content Part 3: Infrared absorption method after combustion in an electric resistance furnace (with preheating) (1998-10-15) First Edition (incorporated by reference, see § 98.7) as applicable for steel.

(vi) ASTM E415-17, Standard Test Method for Analysis of Carbon and Low-Alloy Steel by Spark Atomic Emission Spectrometry (incorporated by reference, see § 98.7) as applicable for steel.

(vii) For each process input that is a fuel, determine the carbon content and molecular weight (if applicable) using the applicable methods listed in § 98.34.

(2) Except as provided in paragraph (b)(4) of this section, determine the carbon content of each process input and output annually for use in the applicable equations in § 98.173(b)(1) based on analyses provided by the supplier, analyses provided by material recyclers who manage process outputs for sale or use by other industries, or by the average carbon content determined by collecting and analyzing at least three samples each year using the standard methods specified in paragraphs (b)(2)(i) through (vii) of this section as applicable.

(i) ASTM C25-06, Standard Test Methods for Chemical Analysis of Limestone, Quicklime, and Hydrated Lime (incorporated by reference, see § 98.7) for limestone, dolomite, and slag.

(ii) ASTM D5373-08 Standard Test Methods for Instrumental Determination of Carbon, Hydrogen, and Nitrogen in Laboratory Samples of Coal (incorporated by reference, see § 98.7) for coal, coke, and other carbonaceous materials.

(iii) ASTM E1915-07a, Standard Test Methods for Analysis of Metal Bearing Ores and Related Materials by Combustion Infrared-Absorption Spectrometry (incorporated by reference, see § 98.7) for iron ore, taconite pellets, and other iron-bearing materials.

(iv) ASTM E1019-08, Standard Test Methods for Determination of Carbon, Sulfur, Nitrogen, and Oxygen in Steel, Iron, Nickel, and Cobalt Alloys by Various Combustion and Fusion Techniques (incorporated by reference, see § 98.7) for iron and ferrous scrap.

(v) G10460—Alloy Digest April 1985 (Carbon Steel of Medium Carbon Content) (incorporated by reference, see § 98.7); ISO/CSAPR 15349-1:1998, Unalloyed steel—Determination of low carbon content, Part 1: Infrared absorption method after combustion in an electric resistance furnace (by peak separation) (1998-10-15) First Edition (incorporated by reference, see § 98.7); or ISO/CSAPR 15349-3:1998, Unalloyed steel-Determination of low carbon content Part 3: Infrared absorption method after combustion in an electric resistance furnace (with preheating) (1998-10-15) First Edition (incorporated by reference, see § 98.7) as applicable for steel.

(vi) ASTM E415-17, Standard Test Method for Analysis of Carbon and Low-Alloy Steel by Spark Atomic Emission Spectrometry (incorporated by reference, see § 98.7) as applicable for steel.

(vii) For each process input that is a fuel, determine the carbon content and molecular weight (if applicable) using the applicable methods listed in § 98.34.

(2) Except as provided in paragraph (b)(4) of this section, determine the carbon content of each process input and output annually for use in the applicable equations in § 98.173(b)(1) based on analyses provided by the supplier, analyses provided by material recyclers who manage process outputs for sale or use by other industries, or by the average carbon content determined by collecting and analyzing at least three samples each year using the standard methods specified in paragraphs (b)(2)(i) through (vii) of this section as applicable.

(i) ASTM C25-06, Standard Test Methods for Chemical Analysis of Limestone, Quicklime, and Hydrated Lime (incorporated by reference, see § 98.7) for limestone, dolomite, and slag.

(ii) ASTM D5373-08 Standard Test Methods for Instrumental Determination of Carbon, Hydrogen, and Nitrogen in Laboratory Samples of Coal (incorporated by reference, see § 98.7) for coal, coke, and other carbonaceous materials.

(iii) ASTM E1915-07a, Standard Test Methods for Analysis of Metal Bearing Ores and Related Materials by Combustion Infrared-Absorption Spectrometry (incorporated by reference, see § 98.7) for iron ore, taconite pellets, and other iron-bearing materials.

(iv) ASTM E1019-08, Standard Test Methods for Determination of Carbon, Sulfur, Nitrogen, and Oxygen in Steel, Iron, Nickel, and Cobalt Alloys by Various Combustion and Fusion Techniques (incorporated by reference, see § 98.7) for iron and ferrous scrap.

(v) G10460—Alloy Digest April 1985 (Carbon Steel of Medium Carbon Content) (incorporated by reference, see § 98.7); ISO/CSAPR 15349-1:1998, Unalloyed steel—Determination of low carbon content, Part 1: Infrared absorption method after combustion in an electric resistance furnace (by peak separation) (1998-10-15) First Edition (incorporated by reference, see § 98.7); or ISO/CSAPR 15349-3:1998, Unalloyed steel-Determination of low carbon content Part 3: Infrared absorption method after combustion in an electric resistance furnace (with preheating) (1998-10-15) First Edition (incorporated by reference, see § 98.7) as applicable for steel.

(vi) ASTM E415-17, Standard Test Method for Analysis of Carbon and Low-Alloy Steel by Spark Atomic Emission Spectrometry (incorporated by reference, see § 98.7) as applicable for steel.

(vii) For each process input that is a fuel, determine the carbon content and molecular weight (if applicable) using the applicable methods listed in § 98.34.

(a) Except as provided in § 98.174(b)(4), 100 percent data availability is required for the carbon content of inputs and outputs for facilities that estimate emissions using the carbon mass balance procedure in § 98.173(b)(1) or facilities that estimate emissions using the site-specific emission factor procedure in § 98.173(b)(2).

(e) If you use the carbon mass balance method in § 98.173(b)(1) to determine CO2 emissions, you must, except as provided in § 98.174(b)(4), report the following information for each process:

(1) [Reserved]

(2) Whether the carbon content was determined from information from the supplier, material recycler, or by laboratory analysis, and if by laboratory analysis, the method used in § 98.174(b)(2).

(3) -(4) [Reserved]

(5) If you used the missing data procedures in § 98.175(b), you must report how the monthly mass for each process input or output with missing data was determined and the number of months the missing data procedures were used.

(6) The information specified in paragraphs (e)(6)(i) through (vi) of this section aggregated for all process units for which CO2 emissions were determined using the mass balance method in § 98.173(b)(1), except as provided in § 98.174(b)(4).

(i) The annual mass (metric tons) of all gaseous, liquid, and solid fuels (combined) used in process units for which CO2 emissions were determined using Equations Q-1 through Q-7 of § 98.173, calculated as specified in Equation Q-9 of this section.

(ii) The annual mass (metric tons) of all non-fuel material inputs (combined) specified in Equations Q-1 through Q-7 of § 98.173, calculated as specified in Equation Q-10 of this section.

(iii) The annual mass (metric tons) of all solid and liquid products and byproducts (combined) specified in Equations Q-1 through Q-7 of § 98.173, calculated as specified in Equation Q-11 of this section.

(iv) The weighted average carbon content of all gaseous, liquid, and solid fuels (combined) included in Equation Q-9 of this section, calculated as specified in Equation Q-12 of this section.

(v) The weighted average carbon content of all non-fuel inputs to all process units (combined) included in Equation Q-10 of this section, calculated as specified in Equation Q-13 of this section.

(vi) The weighted average carbon content of all solid and liquid products and byproducts from all process units (combined) included in Equation Q-11 of this section, calculated as specified in Equation Q-14 of this section.

(1) Calculate the annual mass emissions of CO2 for the process as specified in paragraphs (b)(1)(i) through (b)(1)(vii) of this section. The calculations are based on the annual mass of inputs and outputs to the process and an annual analysis of the respective weight fraction of carbon as determined according to the procedures in § 98.174(b). If you have a process input or output other than CO2 in the exhaust gas that contains carbon that is not included in Equations Q-1 through Q-7 of this section, you must account for the carbon and mass rate of that process input or output in your calculations according to the procedures in § 98.174(b)(5).

(iii) For non-recovery coke oven batteries, estimate CO2 emissions using Equation Q-3 of this section.

(i) You must measure the process production rate or process feed rate, as applicable, during the performance test according to the procedures in § 98.174(c)(5) and calculate the average rate for the test period in metric tons per hour.