§63.1206. When and how must you comply with the standards and operating requirements?
40 C.F.R. § 63.1206
Compliance dates—
Compliance dates for incinerators, cement kilns, and lightweight aggregate kilns that burn hazardous waste—
Compliance date for standards under §§ 63.1203, 63.1204, and 63.1205—
Compliance dates for existing sources. You must comply with the emission standards under §§ 63.1203 through 63.1205 and the other requirements of this subpart no later than the compliance date, September 30, 2003, unless the Administrator grants you an extension of time under § 63.6(i) or § 63.1213, except:
(1) Cement kilns are exempt from the bag leak detection system requirements under paragraph (c)(8) of this section;
(2) The bag leak detection system required under § 63.1206(c)(8) must be capable of continuously detecting and recording particulate matter emissions at concentrations of 1.0 milligram per actual cubic meter unless you demonstrate under § 63.1209(g)(1) that a higher detection limit would adequately detect bag leaks, in lieu of the requirement for the higher detection limit under paragraph (c)(8)(ii)(A) of this section; and
(3) The excessive exceedances notification requirements for bag leak detection systems under paragraph (c)(8)(iv) of this section are waived.
New or reconstructed sources. (1) If you commenced construction or reconstruction of your hazardous waste combustor after April 19, 1996, you must comply with the emission standards under §§ 63.1203 through 63.1205 and the other requirements of this subpart by the later of September 30, 1999 or the date the source starts operations, except as provided by paragraphs (a)(1)(i)(A)(1) through (3) and (a)(1)(i)(B)(2) of this section. The costs of retrofitting and replacement of equipment that is installed specifically to comply with this subpart, between April 19, 1996 and a source's compliance date, are not considered to be reconstruction costs.
(2) For a standard under §§ 63.1203 through 63.1205 that is more stringent than the standard proposed on April 19, 1996, you may achieve compliance no later than September 30, 2003 if you comply with the standard proposed on April 19, 1996 after September 30, 1999. This exception does not apply, however, to new or reconstructed area source hazardous waste combustors that become major sources after September 30, 1999. As provided by § 63.6(b)(7), such sources must comply with the standards under §§ 63.1203 through 63.1205 at startup.
Compliance date for standards under §§ 63.1219, 63.1220, and 63.1221—
Compliance dates for existing sources. (1) You must comply with the emission standards under §§ 63.1219 through 63.1221, except for emission standards for hydrogen fluoride and hydrogen cyanide, and the other requirements of this subpart no later than the compliance date, October 14, 2008, unless the Administrator grants you an extension of time under § 63.6(i) or § 63.1213.
(2) You must comply with the emission standards under §§ 63.1219 through 63.1221 for hydrogen fluoride and hydrogen cyanide no later than June 3, 2029 unless the Administrator grants you an extension of time under § 63.6(i) or § 63.1213.
New or reconstructed sources. (1) If you commenced construction or reconstruction of your hazardous waste combustor after April 20, 2004, you must comply with the new source emission standards under §§ 63.1219 through 63.1221, except for emission standards for hydrogen fluoride and hydrogen cyanide, and the other requirements of this subpart by the later of October 12, 2005 or the date the source starts operations, except as provided by paragraphs (a)(1)(ii)(B)(2) through (4) of this section. The costs of retrofitting and replacement of equipment that is installed specifically to comply with this subpart, between April 20, 2004, and a source's compliance date, are not considered to be reconstruction costs.
(2) For a standard under §§ 63.1219 through 63.1221 that is more stringent than the standard proposed on April 20, 2004, you may achieve compliance no later than October 14, 2008, if you comply with the standard proposed on April 20, 2004, after October 12, 2005. This exception does not apply, however, to new or reconstructed area source hazardous waste combustors that become major sources after October 14, 2008. As provided by § 63.6(b)(7), such sources must comply with the standards under §§ 63.1219 through 63.1221 at startup.
(3) If you commenced construction or reconstruction of a cement kiln after April 20, 2004, you must comply with the new source emission standard for particulate matter under § 63.1220(b)(7)(i) by the later of October 28, 2008 or the date the source starts operations.
(4) If you commenced construction or reconstruction of your hazardous waste combustor after November 10, 2025, you must comply with the new source emission standards under §§ 63.1219 through 63.1221 for hydrogen fluoride and hydrogen cyanide by the date the source starts operations. The costs of retrofitting and replacement of equipment that is installed specifically to comply with this subpart, between November 10, 2025, and a source's compliance date, are not considered to be reconstruction costs.
Compliance date for solid fuel boilers, liquid fuel boilers, and hydrochloric acid production furnaces that burn hazardous waste for standards under §§ 63.1216, 63.1217, and 63.1218—
Compliance date for existing sources.
You must comply with the standards of this subpart, except for emission standards for hydrogen fluoride and hydrogen cyanide, no later than the compliance date, October 14, 2008, unless the Administrator grants you an extension of time under § 63.6(i) or § 63.1213.
You must comply with the emission standards of this subpart for hydrogen fluoride and hydrogen cyanide no later than June 3, 2029, unless the Administrator grants you an extension of time under § 63.6(i) or § 63.1213.
New or reconstructed sources.
If you commenced construction or reconstruction of your hazardous waste combustor after April 20, 2004, you must comply with the new source emission standards, except for emission standards for hydrogen fluoride and hydrogen cyanide, of this subpart by the later of October 12, 2005, or the date the source starts operations, except as provided by paragraph (a)(2)(ii)(B) of this section. The costs of retrofitting and replacement of equipment that is installed specifically to comply with this subpart, between April 20, 2004, and a source's compliance date, are not considered to be reconstruction costs.
(1) For a standard in the subpart that is more stringent than the standard proposed on April 20, 2004, you may achieve compliance no later than October 14, 2008, if you comply with the standard proposed on April 20, 2004, after October 12, 2005. This exception does not apply, however, to new or reconstructed area source hazardous waste combustors that become major sources after October 14, 2008. As provided by § 63.6(b)(7), such sources must comply with this subpart at startup.
(2) If you commenced construction or reconstruction of your hazardous waste combustor after November 10, 2025, you must comply with the new source emission standards for hydrogen fluoride and hydrogen cyanide by the date the source starts operations. The costs of retrofitting and replacement of equipment that is installed specifically to comply with this subpart between November 10, 2025, and a source's compliance date, are not considered to be reconstruction costs.
Early compliance. If you choose to comply with the emission standards of this subpart prior to the dates specified in paragraphs (a)(1) and (a)(2) of this section, your compliance date is the earlier of the date you postmark the Notification of Compliance under § 63.1207(j)(1) or the dates specified in paragraphs (a)(1) and (2) of this section.
Compliance with standards—
Applicability. The emission standards and operating requirements set forth in this subpart apply at all times except:
During periods of startup, shutdown, and malfunction, only the requirements specified in § 63.1206(c)(2), (c)(10), and (c)(11) apply; and
When hazardous waste is not in the combustion chamber (i.e., the hazardous waste feed to the combustor has been cut off for a period of time not less than the hazardous waste residence time) and you have documented in the operating record that you are complying with all otherwise applicable requirements and standards promulgated under authority of Clean Air Act section 112 (e.g., 40 CFR part 63, subparts LLL, DDDDD, and NNNNN) or Clean Air Act section 129 in lieu of the emission standards under §§ 63.1203 through 63.1205, and 63.1215 through 63.1221; the monitoring and compliance standards of this section and §§ 63.1207 through 63.1209, except the modes of operation requirements of § 63.1209(q); and the notification, reporting, and recordkeeping requirements of §§ 63.1210 through 63.1212.
Methods for determining compliance. The Administrator will determine compliance with the emission standards of this subpart as provided by § 63.6(f)(2). Conducting performance testing under operating conditions representative of the extreme range of normal conditions is consistent with the requirement of § 63.1207(g) to conduct performance testing under representative operating conditions.
Finding of compliance. The Administrator will make a finding concerning compliance with the emission standards and other requirements of this subpart as provided by § 63.6(f)(3).
Extension of compliance with emission standards. The Administrator may grant an extension of compliance with the emission standards of this subpart as provided by §§ 63.6(i) and 63.1213.
Changes in design, operation, or maintenance—
Changes that may adversely affect compliance. If you plan to change (as defined in paragraph (b)(5)(iii) of this section) the design, operation, or maintenance practices of the source in a manner that may adversely affect compliance with any emission standard that is not monitored with a CEMS:
Notification. You must notify the Administrator at least 60 days prior to the change, unless you document circumstances that dictate that such prior notice is not reasonably feasible. The notification must include:
(1) A description of the changes and which emission standards may be affected; and
(2) A comprehensive performance test schedule and test plan under the requirements of § 63.1207(f) that will document compliance with the affected emission standard(s);
Performance test. You must conduct a comprehensive performance test under the requirements of § 63.1207(f)(1) and (g)(1) to document compliance with the affected emission standard(s) and establish operating parameter limits as required under § 63.1209, and submit to the Administrator a Notification of Compliance under §§ 63.1207(j) and 63.1210(d); and
Restriction on waste burning. (1) Except as provided by paragraph (b)(5)(i)(C)(2) of this section, after the change and prior to submitting the notification of compliance, you must not burn hazardous waste for more than a total of 720 hours (renewable at the discretion of the Administrator) and only for the purposes of pretesting or comprehensive performance testing. Pretesting is defined at § 63.1207(h)(2)(i) and (ii).
(2) You may petition the Administrator to obtain written approval to burn hazardous waste in the interim prior to submitting a Notification of Compliance for purposes other than testing or pretesting. You must specify operating requirements, including limits on operating parameters, that you determine will ensure compliance with the emission standards of this subpart based on available information. The Administrator will review, modify as necessary, and approve if warranted the interim operating requirements.
Changes that will not affect compliance. If you determine that a change will not adversely affect compliance with the emission standards or operating requirements, you must document the change in the operating record upon making such change. You must revise as necessary the performance test plan, Documentation of Compliance, Notification of Compliance, and start-up, shutdown, and malfunction plan to reflect these changes.
Definition of “change.”— For purposes of paragraph (b)(5) of this section, “change” means any change in design, operation, or maintenance practices that were documented in the comprehensive performance test plan, Notification of Compliance, or startup, shutdown, and malfunction plan.
Compliance with the carbon monoxide and hydrocarbon emission standards. This paragraph applies to sources that elect to comply with the carbon monoxide and hydrocarbon emissions standards of this subpart by documenting continuous compliance with the carbon monoxide standard using a continuous emissions monitoring system and documenting compliance with the hydrocarbon standard during the destruction and removal efficiency (DRE) performance test or its equivalent.
If a DRE test performed pursuant to § 63.1207(c)(2) is acceptable as documentation of compliance with the DRE standard, you may use the highest hourly rolling average hydrocarbon level achieved during the DRE test runs to document compliance with the hydrocarbon standard. An acceptable DRE test is any test for which the data and results are determined to meet quality assurance objectives (on a site-specific basis) such that the results adequately demonstrate compliance with the DRE standard.
If during this acceptable DRE test you did not obtain hydrocarbon emissions data sufficient to document compliance with the hydrocarbon standard, you must either:
Perform, as part of the performance test, an “equivalent DRE test” to document compliance with the hydrocarbon standard. An equivalent DRE test is comprised of a minimum of three runs each with a minimum duration of one hour during which you operate the combustor as close as reasonably possible to the operating parameter limits that you established based on the initial DRE test. You must use the highest hourly rolling average hydrocarbon emission level achieved during the equivalent DRE test to document compliance with the hydrocarbon standard; or
Perform a DRE test as part of the performance test.
Compliance with the DRE standard.
Except as provided in paragraphs (b)(7)(ii) and (iii) of this section—
You must document compliance with the Destruction and Removal Efficiency (DRE) standard under this subpart only once provided that you do not modify the source after the DRE test in a manner that could affect the ability of the source to achieve the DRE standard.
You may use any DRE test data that documents that your source achieves the required level of DRE provided:
(1) You have not modified the design or operation of your source in a manner that could affect the ability of your source to achieve the DRE standard since the DRE test was performed; and,
(2) The DRE test data meet quality assurance objectives determined on a site-specific basis.
Sources that feed hazardous waste at locations other than the normal flame zone.
Except as provided by paragraph (b)(7)(ii)(B) of this section, if you feed hazardous waste at a location in the combustion system other than the normal flame zone, then you must demonstrate compliance with the DRE standard during each comprehensive performance test;
(1) A cement kiln that feeds hazardous waste at a location other than the normal flame zone need only demonstrate compliance with the DRE standard during three consecutive comprehensive performance tests provided that:
(i) All three tests achieve the DRE standard in this subpart; and
(ii) The design, operation, and maintenance features of each of the three tests are similar;
(iii) The data in lieu restriction of § 63.1207(c)(2)(iv) does not apply when complying with the provisions of paragraph (b)(7)(ii)(B) of this section;
(2) If at any time you change your design, operation, and maintenance features in a manner that could reasonably be expected to affect your ability to meet the DRE standard, then you must comply with the requirements of paragraph (b)(7)(ii)(A) of this section.
For sources that do not use DRE previous testing to document conformance with the DRE standard pursuant to § 63.1207(c)(2), you must perform DRE testing during the initial comprehensive performance test.
[Reserved]
Alternative standards for existing or new hazardous waste burning lightweight aggregate kilns using MACT.
You may petition the Administrator to request alternative standards to the mercury or hydrogen chloride/chlorine gas emission standards of this subpart, to the semivolatile metals emission standards under § 63.1205, § 63.1221(a)(3)(ii), or § 63.1221(b)(3)(ii), or to the low volatile metals emissions standards under § 63.1205, § 63.1221(a)(4)(ii), or § 63.1221(b)(4)(ii) if:
You cannot achieve one or more of these standards while using maximum achievable control technology (MACT) because of raw material contributions to emissions of mercury, semivolatile metals, low volatile metals, or hydrogen chloride/chlorine gas; or
You determine that mercury is not present at detectable levels in your raw material.
The alternative standard that you recommend under paragraph (b)(9)(i)(A) of this section may be an operating requirement, such as a hazardous waste feedrate limitation for metals and/or chlorine, and/or an emission limitation.
The alternative standard must include a requirement to use MACT, or better, applicable to the standard for which the source is seeking relief, as defined in paragraphs (b)(9)(viii) and (ix) of this section.
Documentation required.
The alternative standard petition you submit under paragraph (b)(9)(i)(A) of this section must include data or information documenting that raw material contributions to emissions prevent you from complying with the emission standard even though the source is using MACT, as defined under paragraphs (b)(9)(viii) and (ix) of this section, for the standard for which you are seeking relief.
Alternative standard petitions that you submit under paragraph (b)(9)(i)(B) of this section must include data or information documenting that mercury is not present at detectable levels in raw materials.
You must include data or information with semivolatile metal and low volatility metal alternative standard petitions that you submit under paragraph (b)(9)(i)(A) of this section documenting that increased chlorine feedrates associated with the burning of hazardous waste, when compared to non-hazardous waste operations, do not significantly increase metal emissions attributable to raw materials.
You must include data or information with semivolatile metals, low volatile metals, and hydrogen chloride/chlorine gas alternative standard petitions that you submit under paragraph (b)(9)(i)(A) of this section documenting that semivolatile metals, low volatile metals, and hydrogen chloride/chlorine gas emissions attributable to the hazardous waste only will not exceed the emission standards of this subpart.
You must not operate pursuant to your recommended alternative standards in lieu of emission standards specified in this subpart:
Unless the Administrator approves the provisions of the alternative standard petition request or establishes other alternative standards; and
Until you submit a revised Notification of Compliance that incorporates the revised standards.
For purposes of this alternative standard provision, MACT for existing hazardous waste burning lightweight aggregate kilns is defined as:
For mercury, a hazardous waste feedrate corresponding to an MTEC of 24 µg/dscm or less;
For semivolatile metals, a hazardous waste feedrate corresponding to an MTEC of 280,000 µg/dscm or less, and use of a particulate matter control device that achieves particulate matter emissions of 57 mg/dscm or less;
For low volatile metals, a hazardous waste feedrate corresponding to an MTEC of 120,000 µg/dscm or less, and use of a particulate matter control device that achieves particulate matter emissions of 57 mg/dscm or less; and
For hydrogen chloride/chlorine gas, a hazardous waste chlorine feedrate corresponding to an MTEC of 2,000,000 µg/dscm or less, and use of an air pollution control device with a hydrogen chloride/chlorine gas removal efficiency of 85 percent or greater.
For purposes of this alternative standard provision, MACT for new hazardous waste burning lightweight aggregate kilns is defined as:
For mercury, a hazardous waste feedrate corresponding to an MTEC of 4 µg/dscm or less;
For semivolatile metals, a hazardous waste feedrate corresponding to an MTEC of 280,000 µg/dscm or less, and use of a particulate matter control device that achieves particulate matter emissions of 57 mg/dscm or less;
For low volatile metals, a hazardous waste feedrate corresponding to an MTEC of 46,000 µg/dscm or less, and use of a particulate matter control device that achieves particulate matter emissions of 57 mg/dscm or less;
For hydrogen chloride/chlorine gas, a hazardous waste chlorine feedrate corresponding to an MTEC of 14,000,000 µg/dscm or less, and use of an air pollution control device with a hydrogen chloride/chlorine gas removal efficiency of 99.6 percent or greater.
Alternative standards for existing or new hazardous waste burning cement kilns using MACT.
You may petition the Administrator to request alternative standards to the mercury or hydrogen chloride/chlorine gas emission standards of this subpart, to the semivolatile metals emission standards under § 63.1204, § 63.1220(a)(3)(ii), or § 63.1220(b)(3)(ii), or to the low volatile metals emissions standards under § 63.1204, § 63.1220(a)(4)(ii), or § 63.1220(b)(4)(ii) if:
You cannot achieve one or more of these standards while using maximum achievable control technology (MACT) because of raw material contributions to emissions of mercury, semivolatile metals, low volatile metals, or hydrogen chloride/chlorine gas; or
You determine that mercury is not present at detectable levels in your raw material.
The alternative standard that you recommend under paragraph (b)(10)(i)(A) of this section may be an operating requirement, such as a hazardous waste feedrate limitation for metals and/or chlorine, and/or an emission limitation.
The alternative standard must include a requirement to use MACT, or better, applicable to the standard for which the source is seeking relief, as defined in paragraphs (b)(10)(viii) and (ix) of this section.
Documentation required.
The alternative standard petition you submit under paragraph (b)(10)(i)(A) of this section must include data or information documenting that raw material contributions to emissions prevent you from complying with the emission standard even though the source is using MACT, as defined in paragraphs (b)(10)(viii) and (ix) of this section, for the standard for which you are seeking relief.
Alternative standard petitions that you submit under paragraph (b)(10)(i)(B) of this section must include data or information documenting that mercury is not present at detectable levels in raw materials.
You must include data or information with semivolatile metal and low volatile metal alternative standard petitions that you submit under paragraph (b)(10)(i)(A) of this section documenting that increased chlorine feedrates associated with the burning of hazardous waste, when compared to non-hazardous waste operations, do not significantly increase metal emissions attributable to raw materials.
You must include data or information with semivolatile metals, low volatile metals, and hydrogen chloride/chlorine gas alternative standard petitions that you submit under paragraph (b)(10)(i)(A) of this section documenting that emissions of the regulated metals and hydrogen chloride/chlorine gas attributable to the hazardous waste only will not exceed the emission standards in this subpart.
You must not operate pursuant to your recommended alternative standards in lieu of emission standards specified in this subpart:
Unless the Administrator approves the provisions of the alternative standard petition request or establishes other alternative standards; and
Until you submit a revised Notification of Compliance that incorporates the revised standards.
For purposes of this alternative standard provision, MACT for existing hazardous waste burning cement kilns is defined as:
For mercury, a hazardous waste feedrate corresponding to an MTEC of 88 µg/dscm or less;
For semivolatile metals, a hazardous waste feedrate corresponding to an MTEC of 31,000 µg/dscm or less, and use of a particulate matter control device that achieves particulate matter emissions of 0.15 kg/Mg dry feed or less;
For low volatile metals, a hazardous waste feedrate corresponding to an MTEC of 54,000 µg/dscm or less, and use of a particulate matter control device that achieves particulate matter emissions of 0.15 kg/Mg dry feed or less; and
For hydrogen chloride/chlorine gas, a hazardous waste chlorine feedrate corresponding to an MTEC of 720,000 µg/dscm or less.
For purposes of this alternative standard provision, MACT for new hazardous waste burning cement kilns is defined as:
For mercury, a hazardous waste feedrate corresponding to an MTEC of 7 µg/dscm or less;
For semivolatile metals, a hazardous waste feedrate corresponding to an MTEC of 31,000 µg/dscm or less, and use of a particulate matter control device that achieves particulate matter emissions of 0.15 kg/Mg dry feed or less;
For low volatile metals, a hazardous waste feedrate corresponding to an MTEC of 15,000 µg/dscm or less, and use of a particulate matter control device that achieves particulate matter emissions of 0.15 kg/Mg dry feed or less;
For hydrogen chloride/chlorine gas, a hazardous waste chlorine feedrate corresponding to an MTEC of 420,000 µg/dscm or less.
Calculation of hazardous waste residence time. You must calculate the hazardous waste residence time and include the calculation in the performance test plan under § 63.1207(f) and the operating record. You must also provide the hazardous waste residence time in the Documentation of Compliance under § 63.1211(c) and the Notification of Compliance under §§ 63.1207(j) and 63.1210(d).
Documenting compliance with the standards based on performance testing.
You must conduct a minimum of three runs of a performance test required under § 63.1207 to document compliance with the emission standards of this subpart.
You must document compliance with the emission standards based on the arithmetic average of the emission results of each run, except that you must document compliance with the destruction and removal efficiency standard for each run of the comprehensive performance test individually.
Cement kilns and lightweight aggregate kilns that feed hazardous waste at a location other than the end where products are normally discharged and where fuels are normally fired.
Cement kilns that feed hazardous waste at a location other than the end where products are normally discharged and where fuels are normally fired must comply with the carbon monoxide and hydrocarbon standards of this subpart as follows:
For existing sources, you must not discharge or cause combustion gases to be emitted into the atmosphere that contain either:
(1) Hydrocarbons in the main stack in excess of 20 parts per million by volume, over an hourly rolling average (monitored continuously with a continuous emissions monitoring system), dry basis, corrected to 7 percent oxygen, and reported as propane; or
(2) Hydrocarbons both in the by-pass duct and at a preheater tower combustion gas monitoring location in excess of 10 parts per million by volume, at each location, over an hourly rolling average (monitored continuously with a continuous emissions monitoring system), dry basis, corrected to 7 percent oxygen, and reported as propane; or
(3) If the only firing location of hazardous waste upstream (in terms of gas flow) of the point where combustion gases are diverted into the bypass duct is at the kiln end where products are normally discharged, then both hydrocarbons at the preheater tower combustion gas monitoring location in excess of 10 parts per million by volume, over an hourly rolling average (monitored continuously with a continuous emissions monitoring system), dry basis, corrected to 7 percent oxygen, and reported as propane, and either hydrocarbons in the by-pass duct in excess of 10 parts per million by volume, over an hourly rolling average (monitored continuously with a continuous emissions monitoring system), dry basis, corrected to 7 percent oxygen, and reported as propane, or carbon monoxide in excess of 100 parts per million by volume, over an hourly rolling average (monitored continuously with a continuous emissions monitoring system), dry basis, and corrected to 7 percent oxygen. If you comply with the carbon monoxide standard of 100 parts per million by volume in the by-pass duct, then you must also not discharge or cause combustion gases to be emitted into the atmosphere that contain hydrocarbons in the by-pass duct in excess of 10 parts per million by volume, over an hourly rolling average (monitored continuously with a continuous emissions monitoring system), dry basis, corrected to 7 percent oxygen, and reported as propane, at any time during the destruction and removal efficiency (DRE) test runs or their equivalent as provided by § 63.1206(b)(7).
For new sources, you must not discharge or cause combustion gases to be emitted into the atmosphere that contain either:
(1) Hydrocarbons in the main stack in excess of 20 parts per million by volume, over an hourly rolling average (monitored continuously with a continuous emissions monitoring system), dry basis, corrected to 7 percent oxygen, and reported as propane; or
(2)(i) Hydrocarbons both in the by-pass duct and at a preheater tower combustion gas monitoring location in excess of 10 parts per million by volume, at each location, over an hourly rolling average (monitored continuously with a continuous emissions monitoring system), dry basis, corrected to 7 percent oxygen, and reported as propane, and
(ii) Hydrocarbons in the main stack, if construction of the kiln commenced after April 19, 1996 at a plant site where a cement kiln (whether burning hazardous waste or not) did not previously exist, to 50 parts per million by volume, over a 30-day block average (monitored continuously with a continuous emissions monitoring system), dry basis, corrected to 7 percent oxygen, and reported as propane; or
(3)(i) If the only firing location of hazardous waste upstream (in terms of gas flow) of the point where combustion gases are diverted into the bypass duct is at the kiln end where products are normally discharged, then both hydrocarbons at the preheater tower combustion gas monitoring location in excess of 10 parts per million by volume, over an hourly rolling average (monitored continuously with a continuous emissions monitoring system), dry basis, corrected to 7 percent oxygen, and reported as propane, and either hydrocarbons in the by-pass duct in excess of 10 parts per million by volume, over an hourly rolling average (monitored continuously with a continuous emissions monitoring system), dry basis, corrected to 7 percent oxygen, and reported as propane, or carbon monoxide in excess of 100 parts per million by volume, over an hourly rolling average (monitored continuously with a continuous emissions monitoring system), dry basis, and corrected to 7 percent oxygen. If you comply with the carbon monoxide standard of 100 parts per million by volume in the by-pass duct, then you must also not discharge or cause combustion gases to be emitted into the atmosphere that contain hydrocarbons in the by-pass duct in excess of 10 parts per million by volume, over an hourly rolling average (monitored continuously with a continuous emissions monitoring system), dry basis, corrected to 7 percent oxygen, and reported as propane, at any time during the destruction and removal efficiency (DRE) test runs or their equivalent as provided by § 63.1206(b)(7).
(ii) If construction of the kiln commenced after April 19, 1996 at a plant site where a cement kiln (whether burning hazardous waste or not) did not previously exist, hydrocarbons are limited to 50 parts per million by volume, over a 30-day block average (monitored continuously with a continuous emissions monitoring system), dry basis, corrected to 7 percent oxygen, and reported as propane.
Lightweight aggregate kilns that feed hazardous waste at a location other than the end where products are normally discharged and where fuels are normally fired must comply with the hydrocarbon standards of this subpart as follows:
Existing sources must comply with the 20 parts per million by volume hydrocarbon standard of this subpart;
New sources must comply with the 20 parts per million by volume hydrocarbon standard of this subpart.
Alternative to the particulate matter standard for incinerators—
General. In lieu of complying with the particulate matter standards under § 63.1203, you may elect to comply with the following alternative metal emission control requirements:
Alternative metal emission control requirements for existing incinerators.
You must not discharge or cause combustion gases to be emitted into the atmosphere that contain cadmium, lead, and selenium in excess of 240 µg/dscm, combined emissions, corrected to 7 percent oxygen; and,
You must not discharge or cause combustion gases to be emitted into the atmosphere that contain antimony, arsenic, beryllium, chromium, cobalt, manganese, and nickel in excess of 97 µg/dscm, combined emissions, corrected to 7 percent oxygen.
Alternative metal emission control requirements for new incinerators.
You must not discharge or cause combustion gases to be emitted into the atmosphere that contain cadmium, lead, and selenium in excess of 24 µg/dscm, combined emissions, corrected to 7 percent oxygen; and,
You must not discharge or cause combustion gases to be emitted into the atmosphere that contain antimony, arsenic, beryllium, chromium, cobalt, manganese, and nickel in excess of 97 µg/dscm, combined emissions, corrected to 7 percent oxygen.
Operating limits. Semivolatile and low volatile metal operating parameter limits must be established to ensure compliance with the alternative emission limitations described in paragraphs (b)(14)(ii) and (iii) of this section pursuant to § 63.1209(n), except that semivolatile metal feedrate limits apply to lead, cadmium, and selenium, combined, and low volatile metal feedrate limits apply to arsenic, beryllium, chromium, antimony, cobalt, manganese, and nickel, combined.
Alternative to the interim standards for mercury for cement and lightweight aggregate kilns—
General. In lieu of complying with the applicable mercury standards of § 63.1204(a)(2) and (b)(2) for existing and new cement kilns and § 63.1205(a)(2) and (b)(2) for existing and new lightweight aggregate kilns, you may instead elect to comply with the alternative mercury standard described in paragraphs (b)(15)(ii) through (v) of this section.
Operating requirement. You must not exceed a hazardous waste feedrate corresponding to a maximum theoretical emission concentration (MTEC) of 120 µg/dscm on a twelve-hour rolling average.
To document compliance with the operating requirement of paragraph (b)(15)(ii) of this section, you must:
Monitor and record the feedrate of mercury for each hazardous waste feedstream according to § 63.1209(c);
Monitor with a CMS and record in the operating record the gas flowrate (either directly or by monitoring a surrogate parameter that you have correlated to gas flowrate);
Continuously calculate and record in the operating record a MTEC assuming mercury from all hazardous waste feedstreams is emitted;
Interlock the MTEC calculated in paragraph (b)(15)(iii)(C) of this section to the AWFCO system to stop hazardous waste burning when the MTEC exceeds the operating requirement of paragraph (b)(15)(ii) of this section.
In lieu of the requirement in paragraph (b)(15)(iii) of this section, you may—
Identify in the Notification of Compliance a minimum gas flowrate limit and a maximum feedrate limit of mercury from all hazardous waste feedstreams that ensures the MTEC calculated in paragraph (b)(15)(iii)(C) of this section is below the operating requirement of paragraph (b)(15)(ii) of this section; and
Interlock the minimum gas flowrate limit and maximum feedrate limits in paragraph (b)(15)(iv)(A) of this section to the AWFCO system to stop hazardous waste burning when the gas flowrate or mercury feedrate exceeds the limits in paragraph (b)(15)(iv)(A) of this section.
Notification requirement. You must notify in writing the RCRA authority that you intend to comply with the alternative standard.
Compliance with subcategory standards for liquid fuel boilers. You must comply with the mercury, semivolatile metals, low volatile metals, and hydrogen chloride and chlorine standards for liquid fuel boilers under § 63.1217 as follows:
You must determine the as-fired heating value of each batch of hazardous waste fired by each firing system of the boiler so that you know the mass-weighted heating value of the hazardous waste fired at all times.
If the as-fired heating value of the hazardous waste is 10,000 Btu per pound or greater, you are subject to the thermal emission concentration standards (lb/million Btu) under § 63.1217.
If the as-fired heating value of the hazardous waste is less than 10,000 Btu/lb, you are subject to the mass or volume emission concentration standards (µg/dscm or ppmv) under § 63.1217.
If the as-fired heating value of hazardous wastes varies above and below 10,000 Btu/lb over time, you are subject to the thermal concentration standards when the heating value is 10,000 Btu/lb or greater and the mass concentration standards when the heating value is less than 10,000 Btu/lb. You may elect to comply at all times with the more stringent operating requirements that ensure compliance with both the thermal emission concentration standards and the mass or volume emission concentration standards.
Operating requirements—
General.
You must operate only under the operating requirements specified in the Documentation of Compliance under § 63.1211(c) or the Notification of Compliance under §§ 63.1207(j) and 63.1210(d), except:
The Documentation of Compliance and the Notification of Compliance must contain operating requirements including, but not limited to, the operating requirements in this section and § 63.1209;
Failure to comply with the operating requirements is failure to ensure compliance with the emission standards of this subpart;
Operating requirements in the Notification of Compliance are applicable requirements for purposes of parts 70 and 71 of this chapter;
The operating requirements specified in the Notification of Compliance will be incorporated in the title V or other air permit either directly or by reference.
Startup, shutdown, and malfunction plan.
You are subject to the startup, shutdown, and malfunction plan requirements of § 63.6(e)(3).
If you elect to comply with § 270.235(a)(1)(iii), § 270.235(a)(2)(iii), or § 270.235(b)(1)(ii) of this chapter to address RCRA concerns that you minimize emissions of toxic compounds from startup, shutdown, and malfunction events (including releases from emergency safety vents), then you must comply with the requirements in paragraphs (c)(2)(ii)(A) through (C) of this section. Beginning November 30, 2026, all sources must comply with the requirements in paragraphs (c)(2)(ii)(A) through (C) of this section.
The startup, shutdown, and malfunction plan must include a description of potential causes of malfunctions, including releases from emergency safety vents, that may result in significant releases of hazardous air pollutants, and actions the source is taking to minimize the frequency and severity of those malfunctions.
You must submit the startup, shutdown, and malfunction plan to the Administrator for review and approval either postmarked within 180 days of June 3, 2026, or upon initial startup, whichever is later. You must begin complying with the submitted startup, shutdown, and malfunction plan upon postmark while awaiting the Administrator's approval. If changes are made to the startup, shutdown, and malfunction plan as a result of the approval process, sources must begin complying with the revised startup, shutdown, and malfunction plan upon notification of approval.
(1) Approval procedure. The Administrator will notify you of approval or intention to deny approval of the startup, shutdown, and malfunction plan within 90 calendar days after receipt of the original request and within 60 calendar days after receipt of any supplemental information that you submit. Before disapproving the plan, the Administrator will notify you of the Administrator's intention to disapprove the plan together with:
(i) Notice of the information and findings on which intended disapproval is based; and
(ii) Notice of opportunity for you to present additional information to the Administrator before final action on disapproval of the plan. At the time the Administrator notifies you of intention to disapprove the plan, the Administrator will specify how much time you will have after being notified on the intended disapproval to submit additional information.
(2) Responsibility of owners and operators. You are responsible for ensuring that you submit any supplementary and additional information supporting your plan in a timely manner to enable the Administrator to consider whether to approve the plan. Neither your submittal of the plan, nor the Administrator's failure to approve or disapprove the plan, relieves you of the responsibility to comply with the provisions of this subpart.
Changes to the plan that may significantly increase emissions. (1) You must request approval in writing from the Administrator within 5 days after making a change to the startup, shutdown, and malfunction plan that may significantly increase emissions of hazardous air pollutants.
(2) To request approval of such changes to the startup, shutdown, and malfunction plan, you must follow the procedures provided by paragraph (c)(2)(ii)(B) of this section for initial approval of the plan.
You must identify in the plan a projected oxygen correction factor based on normal operations to use during periods of startup and shutdown.
You must record the plan in the operating record.
Operating under the startup, shutdown, and malfunction plan—
Compliance with AWFCO requirements during malfunctions. (1) During malfunctions, the automatic waste feed cutoff requirements of § 63.1206(c)(3) continue to apply, except for paragraphs (c)(3)(v) and (vi) of this section. If you exceed an emission standard under this subpart monitored by a CEMS or COMs or operating limit specified under § 63.1209, the automatic waste feed cutoff system must immediately and automatically cutoff the hazardous waste feed, except as provided by paragraph (c)(3)(viii) of this section. If the malfunction itself prevents immediate and automatic cutoff of the hazardous waste feed, however, you must cease feeding hazardous waste as quickly as possible.
(2) Although the automatic waste feed cutoff requirements continue to apply during a malfunction, an exceedance of an emission standard monitored by a CEMS or COMS or operating limit specified under § 63.1209 after a malfunction has occurred is not a violation of this subpart if:
(i) You took the actions to minimize the frequency and severity of the malfunction prescribed in the startup, shutdown, and malfunction plan prior to the malfunction; and
(ii) You take the corrective measures prescribed in the startup, shutdown, and malfunction plan in response to the malfunction.
(3) Excessive exceedances during malfunctions. For each set of 10 exceedances of an emission standard or operating requirement while hazardous waste remains in the combustion chamber (i.e., when the hazardous waste residence time has not transpired since the hazardous waste feed was cutoff) during a 60-day block period, you must:
(i) Within 45 days of the 10th exceedance, complete an investigation of the cause of each exceedance and evaluation of approaches to minimize the frequency, duration, and severity of each exceedance, and revise the startup, shutdown, and malfunction plan as warranted by the evaluation to minimize the frequency, duration, and severity of each exceedance; and
(ii) Record the results of the investigation and evaluation in the operating record, and include a summary of the investigation and evaluation, and any changes to the startup, shutdown, and malfunction plan, in the excess emissions report required under § 63.10(e)(3).
Compliance with AWFCO requirements when burning hazardous waste during startup and shutdown. (1) If you feed hazardous waste during startup or shutdown, you must include waste feed restrictions (e.g., type and quantity), and other appropriate operating conditions and limits in the startup, shutdown, and malfunction plan.
(2) You must interlock the operating limits you establish under paragraph (c)(2)(v)(B)(1) of this section with the automatic waste feed cutoff system required under § 63.1206(c)(3), except for paragraphs (c)(3)(v) and (vi) of this section.
(3) When feeding hazardous waste during startup or shutdown, the automatic waste feed cutoff system must immediately and automatically cutoff the hazardous waste feed if you exceed the operating limits you establish under paragraph (c)(2)(v)(B)(1) of this section, except as provided by paragraph (c)(3)(viii) of this section.
(4) [Reserved]
Automatic waste feed cutoff (AWFCO)—
General. Upon the compliance date, you must operate the hazardous waste combustor with a functioning system that immediately and automatically cuts off the hazardous waste feed, except as provided by paragraph (c)(3)(viii) of this section:
When any of the following are exceeded— Operating parameter limits specified under § 63.1209; an emission standard monitored by a CEMS; and the allowable combustion chamber pressure;
When the span value of any CMS detector, except a CEMS, is met or exceeded;
Upon malfunction of a CMS monitoring an operating parameter limit specified under § 63.1209 or an emission level; or
When any component of the automatic waste feed cutoff system fails.
Ducting of combustion gases. During an AWFCO, you must continue to duct combustion gases to the air pollution control system while hazardous waste remains in the combustion chamber (i.e., if the hazardous waste residence time has not transpired since the hazardous waste feed cutoff system was activated).
Restarting waste feed. You must continue to monitor during the cutoff the operating parameters for which limits are established under § 63.1209 and the emissions required under that section to be monitored by a CEMS, and you must not restart the hazardous waste feed until the operating parameters and emission levels are within the specified limits.
Failure of the AWFCO system. If the AWFCO system fails to automatically and immediately cutoff the flow of hazardous waste upon exceedance of a parameter required to be interlocked with the AWFCO system under paragraph (c)(3)(i) of this section, you have failed to comply with the AWFCO requirements of paragraph (c)(3) of this section. If an equipment or other failure prevents immediate and automatic cutoff of the hazardous waste feed, however, you must cease feeding hazardous waste as quickly as possible.
Corrective measures. If, after any AWFCO, there is an exceedance of an emission standard or operating requirement, irrespective of whether the exceedance occurred while hazardous waste remained in the combustion chamber (i.e., whether the hazardous waste residence time has transpired since the hazardous waste feed cutoff system was activated), you must investigate the cause of the AWFCO, take appropriate corrective measures to minimize future AWFCOs, and record the findings and corrective measures in the operating record.
Excessive exceedance reporting.
For each set of 10 exceedances of an emission standard or operating requirement while hazardous waste remains in the combustion chamber (i.e., when the hazardous waste residence time has not transpired since the hazardous waste feed was cutoff) during a 60-day block period, you must submit to the Administrator a written report within 5 calendar days of the 10th exceedance documenting the exceedances and results of the investigation and corrective measures taken.
On a case-by-case basis, the Administrator may require excessive exceedance reporting when fewer than 10 exceedances occur during a 60-day block period.
Testing. The AWFCO system and associated alarms must be tested at least weekly to verify operability, unless you document in the operating record that weekly inspections will unduly restrict or upset operations and that less frequent inspection will be adequate. At a minimum, you must conduct operability testing at least monthly. You must document and record in the operating record AWFCO operability test procedures and results.
Ramping down waste feed.
You may ramp down the waste feedrate of pumpable hazardous waste over a period not to exceed one minute, except as provided by paragraph (c)(3)(viii)(B) of this section. If you elect to ramp down the waste feed, you must document ramp down procedures in the operating and maintenance plan. The procedures must specify that the ramp down begins immediately upon initiation of automatic waste feed cutoff and the procedures must prescribe a bona fide ramping down. If an emission standard or operating limit is exceeded during the ramp down, you have failed to comply with the emission standards or operating requirements of this subpart.
If the automatic waste feed cutoff is triggered by an exceedance of any of the following operating limits, you may not ramp down the waste feed cutoff: Minimum combustion chamber temperature, maximum hazardous waste feedrate, or any hazardous waste firing system operating limits that may be established for your combustor.
ESV openings—
Failure to meet standards. If an emergency safety vent (ESV) opens when hazardous waste remains in the combustion chamber (i.e., when the hazardous waste residence time has not expired) during an event other than a malfunction as defined in the startup, shutdown, and malfunction plan such that combustion gases are not treated as during the most recent comprehensive performance test (e.g., if the combustion gas by-passes any emission control device that was operating during the performance test), you must document in the operating record whether you remain in compliance with the emission standards of this subpart considering emissions during the ESV opening event.
ESV operating plan.
You must develop an ESV operating plan, comply with the operating plan, and keep the plan in the operating record.
The ESV operating plan must provide detailed procedures for rapidly stopping the waste feed, shutting down the combustor, and maintaining temperature and negative pressure in the combustion chamber during the hazardous waste residence time, if feasible. The plan must include calculations and information and data documenting the effectiveness of the plan's procedures for ensuring that combustion chamber temperature and negative pressure are maintained as is reasonably feasible.
Corrective measures. After any ESV opening that results in a failure to meet the emission standards as defined in paragraph (c)(4)(i) of this section, you must investigate the cause of the ESV opening, take appropriate corrective measures to minimize such future ESV openings, and record the findings and corrective measures in the operating record.
Reporting requirements. You must submit to the Administrator a written report within 5 days of an ESV opening that results in failure to meet the emission standards of this subpart (as determined in paragraph (c)(4)(i) of this section) documenting the result of the investigation and corrective measures taken.
Combustion system leaks.
Combustion system leaks of hazardous air pollutants must be controlled by:
Keeping the combustion zone sealed to prevent combustion system leaks; or
Maintaining the maximum combustion zone pressure lower than ambient pressure using an instantaneous monitor; or
Upon prior written approval of the Administrator, an alternative means of control to provide control of combustion system leaks equivalent to maintenance of combustion zone pressure lower than ambient pressure; or
Upon prior written approval of the Administrator, other technique(s) which can be demonstrated to prevent fugitive emissions without use of instantaneous pressure limits; and
You must specify in the performance test plan and Notification of Compliance the method that will be used to control combustion system leaks. If you control combustion system leaks by maintaining the combustion zone pressure lower than ambient pressure using an instantaneous monitor, you must also specify in the performance test plan and Notification of Compliance the monitoring and recording frequency of the pressure monitor, and specify how the monitoring approach will be integrated into the automatic waste feed cutoff system.
Operator training and certification.
You must establish training programs for all categories of personnel whose activities may reasonably be expected to directly affect emissions of hazardous air pollutants from the source. Such persons include, but are not limited to, chief facility operators, control room operators, continuous monitoring system operators, persons that sample and analyze feedstreams, persons that manage and charge feedstreams to the combustor, persons that operate emission control devices, and ash and waste handlers. Each training program shall be of a technical level commensurate with the person's job duties specified in the training manual. Each commensurate training program shall require an examination to be administered by the instructor at the end of the training course. Passing of this test shall be deemed the “certification” for personnel, except that, for control room operators, the training and certification program shall be as specified in paragraphs (c)(6)(iii) through (vi) of this section.
You must ensure that the source is operated and maintained at all times by persons who are trained and certified to perform these and any other duties that may affect emissions of hazardous air pollutants. A certified control room operator must be on duty at the site at all times the source is in operation.
Hazardous waste incinerator control room operators must—
Be trained and certified under a site-specific, source-developed and implemented program that meets the requirements of paragraph (c)(6)(v) of this section; or
[Reserved]
Be trained and certified under a state program.
Control room operators of cement kilns, lightweight aggregate kilns, solid fuel boilers, liquid fuel boilers, and hydrochloric acid production furnaces must be trained and certified under:
A site-specific, source-developed and implemented program that meets the requirements of paragraph (c)(6)(v) of this section; or
A state program.
Site-specific, source developed and implemented training programs for control room operators must include the following elements:
Training on the following subjects— (1) Environmental concerns, including types of emissions;
(2) Basic combustion principles, including products of combustion;
(3) Operation of the specific type of combustor used by the operator, including proper startup, waste firing, and shutdown procedures;
(4) Combustion controls and continuous monitoring systems;
(5) Operation of air pollution control equipment and factors affecting performance;
(6) Inspection and maintenance of the combustor, continuous monitoring systems, and air pollution control devices;
(7) Actions to correct malfunctions and conditions that may lead to malfunction;
(8) Residue characteristics and handling procedures; and
(9) Applicable Federal, state, and local regulations, including Occupational Safety and Health Administration workplace standards; and
An examination designed and administered by the instructor; and
Written material covering the training course topics that may serve as reference material following completion of the course.
To maintain control room operator qualification under a site-specific, source developed and implemented training program as provided by paragraph (c)(6)(v) of this section, control room operators must complete an annual review or refresher course covering, at a minimum, the following topics:
Update of regulations;
Combustor operation, including startup and shutdown procedures, waste firing, and residue handling;
Inspection and maintenance;
Responses to malfunctions or conditions that may lead to malfunction; and
Operating problems encountered by the operator.
You must record the operator training and certification program in the operating record.
Operation and maintenance plan.
You must prepare and at all times operate according to an operation and maintenance plan that describes in detail procedures for operation, inspection, maintenance, and corrective measures for all components of the combustor, including associated pollution control equipment, that could affect emissions of regulated hazardous air pollutants.
The plan must prescribe how you will operate and maintain the combustor in a manner consistent with good air pollution control practices for minimizing emissions at least to the levels achieved during the comprehensive performance test.
This plan ensures compliance with the operation and maintenance requirements of § 63.6(e) and minimizes emissions of pollutants, automatic waste feed cutoffs, and malfunctions.
You must record the plan in the operating record.
Bag leak detection system requirements.
If your combustor is equipped with a baghouse (fabric filter), you must continuously operate either:
A bag leak detection system that meets the specifications and requirements of paragraph (c)(8)(ii) of this section and you must comply with the corrective measures and notification requirements of paragraphs (c)(8)(iii) and (iv) of this section; or
A particulate matter detection system under paragraph (c)(9) of this section.
Bag leak detection system specification and requirements.
The bag leak detection system must be certified by the manufacturer to be capable of continuously detecting and recording particulate matter emissions at concentrations of 1.0 milligrams per actual cubic meter unless you demonstrate, under § 63.1209(g)(1), that a higher detection limit would routinely detect particulate matter loadings during normal operations;
The bag leak detection system shall provide output of relative or absolute particulate matter loadings;
The bag leak detection system shall be equipped with an alarm system that will sound an audible alarm when an increase in relative particulate loadings is detected over a preset level;
The bag leak detection system shall be installed and operated in a manner consistent with available written guidance from the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency or, in the absence of such written guidance, the manufacturer's written specifications and recommendations for installation, operation, and adjustment of the system;
The initial adjustment of the system shall, at a minimum, consist of establishing the baseline output by adjusting the sensitivity (range) and the averaging period of the device, and establishing the alarm set points and the alarm delay time;
Following initial adjustment, you must not adjust the sensitivity or range, averaging period, alarm set points, or alarm delay time, except as detailed in the operation and maintenance plan required under paragraph (c)(7) of this section. You must not increase the sensitivity by more than 100 percent or decrease the sensitivity by more than 50 percent over a 365 day period unless such adjustment follows a complete baghouse inspection which demonstrates the baghouse is in good operating condition;
For negative pressure or induced air baghouses, and positive pressure baghouses that are discharged to the atmosphere through a stack, the bag leak detector shall be installed downstream of the baghouse and upstream of any wet acid gas scrubber; and
Where multiple detectors are required, the system's instrumentation and alarm system may be shared among the detectors.
Bag leak detection system corrective measures requirements. The operating and maintenance plan required by paragraph (c)(7) of this section must include a corrective measures plan that specifies the procedures you will follow in the case of a bag leak detection system alarm or malfunction. The corrective measures plan must include, at a minimum, the procedures used to determine and record the time and cause of the alarm or bag leak detection system malfunction in accordance with the requirements of paragraph (c)(8)(iii)(A) of this section as well as the corrective measures taken to correct the control device or bag leak detection system malfunction or to minimize emissions in accordance with the requirements of paragraph (c)(8)(iii)(B) of this section. Failure to initiate the corrective measures required by this paragraph is failure to ensure compliance with the emission standards in this subpart.
You must initiate the procedures used to determine the cause of the alarm or bag leak detection system malfunction within 30 minutes of the time the alarm first sounds; and
You must alleviate the cause of the alarm or bag leak detection system malfunction by taking the necessary corrective measure(s) which may include, but are not to be limited to, the following:
(1) Inspecting the baghouse for air leaks, torn or broken filter elements, or any other malfunction that may cause an increase in emissions;
(2) Sealing off defective bags or filter media;
(3) Replacing defective bags or filter media, or otherwise repairing the control device;
(4) Sealing off a defective baghouse compartment;
(5) Cleaning the bag leak detection system probe, or otherwise repairing the bag leak detection system; or
(6) Shutting down the combustor.
Excessive exceedances notification. If you operate the combustor when the detector response exceeds the alarm set-point or the bag leak detection system is malfunctioning more than 5 percent of the time during any 6-month block time period, you must submit a notification to the Administrator within 30 days of the end of the 6-month block time period that describes the causes of the exceedances and bag leak detection system malfunctions and the revisions to the design, operation, or maintenance of the combustor, baghouse, or bag leak detection system you are taking to minimize exceedances and bag leak detection system malfunctions. To document compliance with this requirement:
You must keep records of the date, time, and duration of each alarm and bag leak detection system malfunction, the time corrective action was initiated and completed, and a brief description of the cause of the alarm or bag leak detection system malfunction and the corrective action taken;
You must record the percent of the operating time during each 6-month period that the alarm sounds and the bag leak detection system malfunctions;
If inspection of the fabric filter demonstrates that no corrective action is required, then no alarm time is counted; and
If corrective action is required, each alarm shall be counted as a minimum of 1 hour. Each bag leak detection system malfunction shall also be counted as a minimum of 1 hour.
Particulate matter detection system requirements. You must continuously operate a particulate matter detection system (PMDS) that meets the specifications and requirements of paragraphs (c)(9)(i) through (v) of this section and you must comply with the corrective measures and notification requirements of paragraphs (c)(9)(vii) and (viii) of this section if your combustor either: Is equipped with an electrostatic precipitator or ionizing wet scrubber and you do not establish site-specific control device operating parameter limits under § 63.1209(m)(1)(iv) that are linked to the automatic waste feed cutoff system under paragraph (c)(3) of this section, or is equipped with a baghouse (fabric filter) and you do not operate a bag leak detection system as provided by paragraph (c)(8)(i)(B) of this section.
PMDS requirements.
The PMDS must be certified by the manufacturer to be capable of continuously detecting and recording particulate matter emissions at concentrations of 1.0 milligrams per actual cubic meter unless you demonstrate, under § 63.1209(g)(1), that a higher detection limit would routinely detect particulate matter loadings during normal operations;
The particulate matter detector shall provide output of relative or absolute particulate matter loadings;
The PMDS shall be equipped with an alarm system that will sound an audible alarm when an increase in relative or absolute particulate loadings is detected over the set-point;
You must install, operate, and maintain the PMDS in a manner consistent with the provisions of paragraph (c)(9) of this section and available written guidance from the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency or, in the absence of such written guidance, the manufacturer's written specifications and recommendations for installation, operation, maintenance and quality assurance of the system.
(1) Set-points established without extrapolation. If you establish the alarm set-point without extrapolation under paragraph (c)(9)(iii)(A) of this section, you must request approval from the regulatory authority, in the continuous monitoring system test plan, of the quality assurance procedures that will reasonably ensure that PMDS response values below the alarm set-point correspond to PM emission concentrations below those demonstrated during the comprehensive performance test. Your recommended quality assurance procedures may include periodic testing under as-found conditions (i.e., normal operations) to obtain additional PM concentration and PMDS response run pairs, as warranted.
(2) Set-points established with extrapolation. If you establish the alarm set-point by extrapolation under paragraph (c)(9)(iii)(B) of this section, you must request approval from the regulatory authority, in the continuous monitoring system test plan, of the quality assurance procedures that will reasonably ensure that PMDS response values below the alarm set-point correspond to PM emission concentrations below the value that correlates to the alarm set-point.
You must include procedures for installation, operation, maintenance, and quality assurance of the PMDS in the site-specific continuous monitoring system test plan required under §§ 63.1207(e) and 63.8(e)(3);
Where multiple detectors are required to monitor multiple control devices, the system's instrumentation and alarm system may be shared among the detectors.
You must establish the alarm set-point as a 6-hour rolling average as provided by paragraphs (c)(9)(ii) through (iv) of this section;
Your PMDS must complete a minimum of one cycle of operation (sampling, analyzing, and data recording) for each successive 15-minute period. You must update the 6-hour rolling average of the detector response each hour with a one-hour block average that is the average of the detector responses over each 15-minute block; and
If you exceed the alarm set-point (or if your PMDS malfunctions), you must comply with the corrective measures under paragraph (c)(9)(vii) of this section.
Establishing the alarm set-point for operations under the Documentation of Compliance. You must establish the alarm set-point for operations under the Documentation of Compliance (i.e., after the compliance date but prior to submitting a Notification of Compliance subsequent to conducting the initial comprehensive performance test) of an existing source as follows:
You must obtain a minimum of three pairs of EPA Method 5 or 5I data, of appendix A-3 to part 60 of this chapter, and PMDS data to establish an approximate correlation curve. Data obtained up to 60 months prior to the compliance date may be used provided that the design and operation of the combustor or PMDS has not changed in a manner that may adversely affect the correlation of PM concentrations and PMDS response.
You must request approval from the regulatory authority, in the continuous monitoring system test plan, of your determination whether multiple correlation curves are needed considering the design and operation of your combustor and PMDS.
You must approximate the correlation of the reference method data to the PMDS data.
(1) You may assume a linear correlation of the PMDS response to particulate matter emission concentrations;
(2) You may include a zero point correlation value. To establish a zero point, you must follow one or more of the following steps:
(i) Zero point data for in-situ instruments should be obtained, to the extent possible, by removing the instrument from the stack and monitoring ambient air on a test bench;
(ii) Zero point data for extractive instruments should be obtained by removing the extractive probe from the stack and drawing in clean ambient air;
(iii) Zero point data also can be obtained by performing manual reference method measurements when the flue gas is free of PM emissions or contains very low PM concentrations (e.g., when your process is not operating, but the fans are operating or your source is combusting only natural gas); and
(iv) If none of the steps in paragraphs (c)(9)(ii)(C)(2)(i) through (iii) of this section are possible, you must estimate the monitor response when no PM is in the flue gas (e.g., 4 mA = 0 mg/acm).
(3) For reference method data that were obtained from runs during a test condition where controllable operating factors were held constant, you must average the test run averages of PM concentrations and PMDS responses to obtain a single pair of data for PM concentration and PMDS response. You may use this pair of data and the zero point to define a linear correlation model for the PMDS.
You must establish the alarm set-point as the PMDS response that corresponds to a PM concentration that is 50% of the PM emission standard or 125% of the highest PM concentration used to develop the correlation, whichever is greater. For reference method data that were obtained from runs during a test condition where controllable operating factors were held constant, you must use the average of the test run averages of PM concentrations for extrapolating the alarm set-point. The PM emission concentration used to extrapolate the alarm set-point must not exceed the PM emission standard, however.
Establishing the initial alarm set-point for operations under the Notification of Compliance. You must establish the initial alarm set-point for operations under the Notification of Compliance as provided by either paragraph (c)(9)(iii)(A) or (B) of this section. You must periodically revise the alarm set-point as provided by paragraph (c)(9)(iv) of this section.
Establishing the initial set-point without extrapolation. (1) If you establish the initial alarm set-point without extrapolation, the alarm set-point is the average of the test run averages of the PMDS response during the runs of the comprehensive performance test that document compliance with the PM emission standard.
(2) During the comprehensive performance test, you may simulate PM emission concentrations at the upper end of the range of normal operations by means including feeding high levels of ash and detuning the emission control equipment.
Establishing the initial set-point by extrapolation. You may extrapolate the particulate matter detector response to establish the alarm set-point under the following procedures:
(1) You must request approval from the regulatory authority, in the continuous monitoring system test plan, of the procedures you will use to establish an approximate correlation curve using the three pairs of EPA Method 5 or 5I data, of appendix A-3 of part 60 of this chapter, and PMDS data from the comprehensive performance test, the data pairs used to establish the correlation curve for the Documentation of Compliance under paragraph (c)(9)(ii) of this section, and additional data pairs, as warranted.
(2) You must request approval from the regulatory authority, in the continuous monitoring system test plan, of your determination of whether multiple correlation curves are needed considering the design and operation of your combustor and PMDS. If so, you must recommend the number of data pairs needed to establish those correlation curves and how the data will be obtained.
(3) During the comprehensive performance test, you may simulate PM emission concentrations at the upper end of the range of normal operations by means including feeding high levels of ash and detuning the emission control equipment.
(4) Data obtained up to 60 months prior to the comprehensive performance test may be used provided that the design and operation of the combustor or PMDS has not changed in a manner that may adversely affect the correlation of PM concentrations and PMDS response.
(5) You may include a zero point correlation value. To establish a zero point, you must follow the procedures under paragraph (c)(9)(ii)(C)(2) of this section.
(6) You must use a least-squares regression model to correlate PM concentrations to PMDS responses for data pairs. You may assume a linear regression model approximates the relationship between PM concentrations and PMDS responses.
(7) You must establish the alarm set-point as the PMDS response that corresponds to a PM concentration that is 50% of the PM emission standard or 125% of the highest PM concentration used to develop the correlation, whichever is greater. The emission concentration used to extrapolate the PMDS response must not exceed the PM emission standard.
Revising the Notification of Compliance alarm set-point—
Revising set-points established without extrapolation. If you establish the alarm set-point without extrapolation under paragraph (c)(9)(iii)(A) of this section, you must establish a new alarm set-point in the Notification of Compliance following each comprehensive performance test as the average of the test run averages of the PMDS response during the runs of the comprehensive performance test that document compliance with the PM emission standard.
Revising set-points established with extrapolation. If you establish the alarm set-point by extrapolation under paragraph (c)(9)(iii)(B) of this section, you must request approval from the regulatory authority, in the continuous monitoring system test plan, of the procedures for periodically revising the alarm set-point, considering the additional data pairs obtained during periodic comprehensive performance tests and data pairs obtained from other tests, such as for quality assurance.
Quality assurance—
Set-points established without extrapolation. If you establish the alarm set-point without extrapolation under paragraph (c)(9)(iii)(A) of this section, you must request approval from the regulatory authority, in the continuous monitoring system test plan, of the quality assurance procedures that reasonably ensure that PMDS response values below the alarm set-point correspond to PM emission concentrations below the average of the PM concentrations demonstrated during the comprehensive performance test. Your recommended quality assurance procedures may include periodic testing under as-found conditions (i.e., normal operations) to obtain additional PM concentration and PMDS response run pairs, as warranted.
Set-points established with extrapolation. If you establish the alarm set-point by extrapolation under paragraph (c)(9)(iii)(B) of this section, you must request approval from the regulatory authority, in the continuous monitoring system test plan, of the quality assurance procedures that reasonably ensure that PMDS response values below the alarm set-point correspond to PM emission concentrations below the value that correlated to the alarm set-point.
PMDS are used for compliance assurance only. For a PMDS for which the alarm set-point is established by extrapolation using a correlation curve under paragraphs (c)(9)(ii), (c)(9)(iii)(B), and (c)(9)(iv)(B) of this section, an exceedance of the PMDS response that appears to correlate with a PM concentration that exceeds the PM emission standard is not by itself evidence that the standard has been exceeded.
PMDS corrective measures requirements. The operating and maintenance plan required by paragraph (c)(7) of this section must include a corrective measures plan that specifies the procedures you will follow in the case of a PMDS alarm or malfunction. The corrective measures plan must include, at a minimum, the procedures used to determine and record the time and cause of the alarm or PMDS malfunction as well as the corrective measures taken to correct the control device or PMDS malfunction or minimize emissions as specified below. Failure to initiate the corrective measures required by this paragraph is failure to ensure compliance with the emission standards in this subpart.
You must initiate the procedures used to determine the cause of the alarm or PMDS malfunction within 30 minutes of the time the alarm first sounds or the PMDS malfunctions; and
You must alleviate the cause of the alarm or the PMDS malfunction by taking the necessary corrective measure(s) which may include shutting down the combustor.
Excessive exceedances notification. If you operate the combustor when the detector response exceeds the alarm set-point or when the PMDS is malfunctioning more than 5 percent of the time during any 6-month block time period, you must submit a notification to the Administrator within 30 days of the end of the 6-month block time period that describes the causes of the exceedances and the revisions to the design, operation, or maintenance of the combustor, emission control device, or PMDS you are taking to minimize exceedances. To document compliance with this requirement:
You must keep records of the date, time, and duration of each alarm and PMDS malfunction, the time corrective action was initiated and completed, and a brief description of the cause of the alarm or PMDS malfunction and the corrective action taken;
You must record the percent of the operating time during each 6-month period that the alarm sounds and the PMDS malfunctions;
If inspection of the emission control device demonstrates that no corrective action is required, then no alarm time is counted; and
If corrective action to the emission control device is required, each alarm shall be counted as a minimum of 1 hour. Each PMDS malfunction shall also be counted as a minimum of 1 hour.
Requirements for periods of startup—
Startup. Startup means the period in which a hazardous waste combustor begins operating for any purpose. When startup is conducted under an otherwise applicable standard according to § 63.1206(b)(1)(ii), startup is defined in accordance with the otherwise applicable standard. The beginning and end of startup are defined as follows:
For incinerators, startup begins with the firing of supplemental fuel in the combustion chamber or with transitioning from a period of shutdown. All air pollution control devices must be in operation as expeditiously as possible and prior to the introduction of any waste material that is not supplemental fuel into the hazardous waste combustor. Startup ends once the system has stabilized but no later than 15 minutes after either hazardous waste that is not fed in accordance with § 63.1206(c)(2)(v)(B) or any waste material that is not supplemental fuel is fed into the hazardous waste combustor, whichever occurs first.
For cement kilns and lightweight aggregate kilns, startup begins when a kiln either begins firing supplemental fuel or transitions from a period of shutdown. All air pollution control devices must be in operation as expeditiously as possible and prior to the introduction of kiln feed or any waste material that is not supplemental fuel into the kiln. Startup ends 120 minutes after the continuous introduction of kiln feed, when the feed rate exceeds 60 percent of the kiln design limitation rate, or 15 minutes after hazardous waste that is not fed in accordance with § 63.1206(c)(2)(v)(B) is fed into the hazardous waste combustor, whichever occurs first. Cement kilns may fire traditional fuels as defined in § 241.2 of this chapter once the hazardous waste combustor achieves 1200 degrees Fahrenheit measured at a location that best represents, as practicable, the bulk gas temperature in the combustion zone and all air pollution control devices are operational.
For solid fuel boilers and liquid fuel boilers, startup begins with either the first-ever firing of supplemental fuel in a boiler for the purpose of supplying useful thermal energy (such as heat or steam) for heating, cooling, or process purposes, or producing electricity or the firing of fuel in a boiler for any purpose after a shutdown event. All air pollution control devices must be in operation as expeditiously as possible and prior to the introduction of any waste material that is not supplemental fuel into the boiler. Startup ends at the earliest of the following: four hours after when the boiler supplies useful thermal energy (such as heat or steam) for heating, cooling, or process purposes; the boiler produces electricity; or 15 minutes after either hazardous waste that is not fed in accordance with § 63.1206(c)(2)(v)(B) or any waste material that is not supplemental fuel is fed into the boiler.
For hydrochloric acid production furnaces, startup begins when a hydrochloric acid production furnace either begins firing supplemental fuel or transitions from a period of shutdown. All air pollution control devices must be in operation as expeditiously as possible and prior to the introduction of any waste material that is not supplemental fuel into the hydrochloric acid production furnace. Startup ends either 120 minutes after the continuous introduction of materials intended to produce hydrochloric acid to the hydrochloric acid production furnace or 15 minutes after either hazardous waste that is not fed in accordance with § 63.1206(c)(2)(v)(B) or any waste material that is not supplemental fuel is fed into the hydrochloric acid production furnace, whichever is earlier.
Notwithstanding paragraphs (A) through (D) of this section, transitioning from an otherwise applicable standard initiates a period of startup lasting no more than 15 minutes in duration.
Beginning hazardous waste feed. You shall not start hazardous waste feed to the combustion chamber until the operating parameters and emission levels are within the limits specified in the Notification of Compliance under §§ 63.1207(j) and 63.1210(d), unless you do so in accordance with § 63.1206(c)(2)(v)(B).
Supplemental fuel. Supplemental fuel is defined as one or a combination of the following fuels: natural gas, synthetic natural gas, propane, other gas 1 fuels, distillate oil, syngas, ultra-low sulfur diesel, kerosene, hydrogen, refinery gas, liquified petroleum gas, and any other fuel approved in the startup, shutdown, and malfunction plan.
For solid fuel boilers, coal is included in the definition of supplemental fuel.
Other gas 1 fuels means a gaseous fuel that is not natural gas, refinery gas, or a hazardous waste and does not exceed a maximum mercury concentration of 40 micrograms per cubic meter of gas. The basis for determining that any gas qualifies as an other gas 1 fuel must be specified in the startup, shutdown, and malfunction plan.
Startup, shutdown, and malfunction plan. You must operate in accordance with your startup, shutdown, and malfunction plan during periods of startup.
Requirements for periods of shutdown—
Shutdown. Shutdown means the period in which a hazardous waste combustor ceases operating for any purpose. Operation under an otherwise applicable standard according to § 63.1206(b)(1)(ii) is not considered a period of shutdown. When shutdown is conducted under an otherwise applicable standard according to § 63.1206(b)(1)(ii), shutdown is defined in accordance with the otherwise applicable standard. The beginning and end of shutdown are defined as follows:
For incinerators, shutdown begins when hazardous waste feed to the combustion chamber has been cut off for a period of time not less than the hazardous waste residence time and the feed of non-hazardous waste materials to the combustion chamber is cut off and ends when fire is extinguished in the combustion chamber, the incinerator enters another mode of operation, or when a startup is initiated.
For cement kilns and lightweight aggregate kilns, shutdown begins when hazardous waste feed to the combustion chamber has been cut off for a period of time not less than the hazardous waste residence time and kiln feed is halted and ends when continuous kiln rotation ceases, the kiln enters another mode of operation, or when a startup is initiated.
For solid fuel boilers and liquid fuel boilers, shutdown begins when the boiler no longer supplies useful thermal energy (such as heat or steam) for heating, cooling, or process purposes and/or generates electricity or when no fuel is being fed to the boiler, whichever is earlier, and when hazardous waste feed to the combustion chamber has been cut off for a period of time not less than the hazardous waste residence time. Shutdown ends when the boiler no longer supplies useful thermal energy (such as steam or heat) for heating, cooling, or process purposes and/or generates electricity, and no fuel is being combusted in the boiler, the boiler enters another mode of operation, or when startup is initiated.
For hydrochloric acid production furnaces, shutdown begins when hazardous waste feed to the combustion chamber has been cut off for a period of time not less than the hazardous waste residence time and raw material feed to the hydrochloric acid production furnace is halted. Shutdown ends when the hydrochloric acid production furnace flame is extinguished, the hydrochloric acid production furnace enters another mode of operation, or when a startup is initiated.
Hazardous waste feed. You shall not feed hazardous waste to the combustion chamber during shutdown, unless you do so in accordance with § 63.1206(c)(2)(v)(B).
Supplemental fuel. You may feed supplemental fuel to the combustion chamber during shutdown. Supplemental fuel is as defined in § 63.1206(c)(10)(iii).
Startup, shutdown, and malfunction plan. You must operate in accordance with your startup, shutdown, and malfunction plan during periods of shutdown.
Notes, amendments, and revision history
Amendments
[91 FR 33520, June 3, 2026]
Source
Source: 64 FR 53038, Sept. 30, 1999, unless otherwise noted.
Authority
Authority: 42 U.S.C. 7401 et seq.
Source
Source: 57 FR 61992, Dec. 29, 1992, unless otherwise noted.
Amendments
[91 FR 33520, June 3, 2026]