26 C.F.R. §§ 1.987-1–1.987-3

4 sections in range

§1.987-1. Scope, definitions, and special rules.

26 C.F.R. § 1.987-1

(a)

In general. Sections 1.987-1 through 1.987-15 (the section 987 regulations) provide rules for determining the taxable income or loss and earnings and profits of a taxpayer with respect to a qualified business unit (QBU) that is subject to section 987. Further, the section 987 regulations provide rules for determining the timing, amount, character, and source of section 987 gain or loss recognized with respect to a section 987 QBU. This section addresses the scope of the section 987 regulations and provides certain definitions, special rules, and procedures for making elections. Section 1.987-2 provides rules for attributing assets and liabilities and items of income, gain, deduction, and loss to an eligible QBU. It also provides rules regarding the translation of items transferred to a section 987 QBU. Section 1.987-3 provides rules for determining and translating the taxable income or loss of a taxpayer with respect to a section 987 QBU. Section 1.987-4 provides rules for determining net unrecognized section 987 gain or loss. Section 1.987-5 provides rules regarding the recognition of section 987 gain or loss. It also provides rules regarding the translation of items transferred from a section 987 QBU to its owner. Section 1.987-6 provides rules regarding the character and source of section 987 gain or loss. Section 1.987-7 provides rules relating to the application of the section 987 regulations with respect to a partnership or S corporation. Section 1.987-8 provides rules regarding the termination of a section 987 QBU. Section 1.987-9 provides rules regarding the recordkeeping required under section 987. Section 1.987-10 provides transition rules. Section 1.987-11 provides rules relating to suspended losses in connection with certain elections and the loss-to-the-extent-of-gain rule. Section 1.987-12 provides rules regarding when section 987 gain or loss is deferred, as well as when such deferred amounts are recognized. Section 1.987-13 provides rules relating to suspended section 987 loss of an owner with respect to a section 987 QBU that terminates. Section 1.987-14 provides rules relating to section 987 hedging transactions. Section 1.987-15 provides the applicability date of the section 987 regulations.

(b)

Scope of section 987 and certain rules relating to QBUs—

(1)

Persons subject to section 987—

(i)

In general. Except as provided in paragraphs (b)(1)(ii) and (b)(6) of this section, any individual or corporation is subject to the section 987 regulations. See § 1.987-7 for rules relating to the application of the section 987 regulations in the case of a partnership or S corporation.

(ii)

Inapplicability to certain entities. Section 987(3) and the section 987 regulations do not apply to individuals who are not United States persons and foreign corporations that either are not controlled foreign corporations or that are controlled foreign corporations in which no United States shareholders own (within the meaning of section 958(a)) stock.

(2)

Application of the section 987 regulations to earnings and profits—

(i)

In general. The rules and principles of the section 987 regulations also apply to the determination of earnings and profits, and any elections that apply pursuant to the section 987 regulations also apply for purposes of determining earnings and profits.

(ii)

Timing. Earnings and profits are increased when section 987 gain is recognized and decreased when section 987 loss is recognized. As a result, converting net unrecognized section 987 gain or loss to deferred section 987 gain or loss or suspended section 987 loss does not affect earnings and profits because the amounts have not yet been recognized.

(3)

Definition of a section 987 QBU—

(i)

In general. For purposes of section 987, a section 987 QBU is an eligible QBU that has a functional currency different from its owner. A section 987 QBU will continue to be treated as a section 987 QBU of the owner until a sale or other termination of the section 987 QBU as described in § 1.987-8(b) and (c). See § 1.985-1 for rules determining the functional currency of an eligible QBU.

(ii)

Section 987 QBU grouping election—

(A)

In general. Solely for purposes of section 987, an owner may elect to treat all section 987 QBUs with the same functional currency as a single section 987 QBU except to the extent provided in paragraph (b)(3)(ii)(B) of this section. However, a QBU described in § 1.987-7(c)(1) may not be treated as part of the same QBU as a section 987 QBU that is not described in § 1.987-7(c)(1).

(B)

[Reserved]

(4)

Definition of an eligible QBU—

(i)

In general. For purposes of section 987, an eligible QBU means a qualified business unit that is not subject to the United States dollar approximate separate transactions method rules of § 1.985-3.

(ii)

Qualified business unit. For purposes of this paragraph (b)(4), a qualified business unit is defined in § 1.989(a)-1(b), except that a corporation, partnership, trust, estate, or disregarded entity is not itself a qualified business unit, but the activities of such entity may be a qualified business unit if they meet the requirements of § 1.989(a)-1(b)(1) and (b)(2)(ii). For example, if a corporation is solely engaged in activities that constitute a trade or business, and the corporation maintains only one set of books and records, the activities (but not the corporation) are a qualified business unit.

(5)

Definition of an owner. For purposes of section 987, an owner is any person having direct ownership in an eligible QBU (including ownership through DEs). The term owner does not include an eligible QBU. For example, a section 987 QBU (QBU1) is not an owner of another section 987 QBU (QBU2) even if QBU1 wholly owns the DE that owns QBU2. A person that is not subject to the section 987 regulations under paragraph (b)(1)(ii) of this section can meet the definition of an owner under this paragraph (b)(5) for purposes of applying the section 987 regulations to other persons.

(i)

Direct ownership. A person is a direct owner of an eligible QBU if the person is the owner for Federal income tax purposes of the assets and liabilities of the eligible QBU.

(ii)

[Reserved]

(6)

[Reserved]

(7)

Examples illustrating paragraph (b) of this section. The following examples illustrate the principles of this paragraph (b). The following facts are assumed for purposes of the examples. U.S. Corp is a domestic corporation, has the U.S. dollar as its functional currency, and uses the calendar year as its taxable year. Except as otherwise provided: Business A and Business B are eligible QBUs and have the euro and the Japanese yen, respectively, as their functional currencies; and DE1 and DE2 are DEs, have no assets or liabilities, and conduct no activities.

(i)

Example 1: Owner owns an eligible QBU and a DE holding company—

(A)

Facts. U.S. Corp owns Business A and all of the interests in DE1. DE1 maintains a separate set of books and records that are kept in British pounds. DE1 owns pounds and all of the stock of a foreign corporation, FC. DE1 is liable to a lender on a pound-denominated obligation that was incurred to acquire the stock of FC. The FC stock, the pounds, and the liability incurred to acquire the FC stock are recorded on DE1's separate books and records. DE1 has no other assets or liabilities and conducts no activities (other than holding the FC stock and pounds and servicing its liability).

(B)

Analysis— (1) Pursuant to paragraph (b)(5) of this section, U.S. Corp is the owner of Business A because it has direct ownership of Business A, an eligible QBU. Because Business A is an eligible QBU with a functional currency that is different from the functional currency of its owner, U.S. Corp, Business A is a section 987 QBU under paragraph (b)(3)(i) of this section. As a result, U.S. Corp and its section 987 QBU, Business A, are subject to section 987.

(2) Holding the stock of FC and pounds and servicing a liability does not constitute a trade or business within the meaning of § 1.989(a)-1(c). Because the activities of DE1 do not constitute a trade or business within the meaning of § 1.989(a)-1(c), such activities are not an eligible QBU. In addition, pursuant to paragraph (b)(4)(ii) of this section, DE1 itself is not an eligible QBU. As a result, neither DE1 nor its activities qualify as a section 987 QBU of U.S. Corp. Therefore, neither the activities of DE1 nor DE1 itself is subject to section 987. For the foreign currency treatment of payments on DE1's pound-denominated liability, see § 1.988-2(b).

(ii)

Example 2: Owner owns eligible QBUs through DEs—

(A)

Facts. U.S. Corp owns all of the interests in DE1. DE1 owns Business A and all of the interests in DE2. The only activities of DE1 are Business A activities and holding the interests in DE2. DE2 owns Business B and Business C. For purposes of this example, Business B does not maintain books and records that are separate from DE2. Instead, the activities of Business B are reflected on the books and records of DE2, which are maintained in Japanese yen. In addition, Business C has the U.S. dollar as its functional currency, maintains books and records that are separate from the books and records of DE2, and is an eligible QBU.

(B)

Analysis— (1) Pursuant to paragraph (b)(4)(ii) of this section, DE1 and DE2 are not eligible QBUs. Moreover, pursuant to paragraph (b)(5) of this section, DE1 is not the owner of the Business A, Business B, or Business C eligible QBUs, and neither Business A nor DE2 is the owner of the Business B or Business C eligible QBUs. Instead, pursuant to paragraph (b)(5) of this section, U.S. Corp is the owner of the Business A, Business B, and Business C eligible QBUs.

(2) Because Business A and Business B are eligible QBUs with functional currencies that are different than the functional currency of U.S. Corp, Business A and Business B are section 987 QBUs under paragraph (b)(3)(i) of this section.

(3) The Business C eligible QBU has the same functional currency as U.S. Corp, the U.S. dollar. Therefore, the Business C eligible QBU is not a section 987 QBU under paragraph (b)(3)(i) of this section.

(iii)

Example 3: Section 987 grouping election—

(A)

Facts. U.S. Corp owns all of the interests in DE1. DE1 owns Business A and Business B. For purposes of this example, assume Business B has the euro as its functional currency.

(B)

Analysis— (1) Pursuant to paragraph (b)(4)(ii) of this section, DE1 is not an eligible QBU. Moreover, pursuant to paragraph (b)(5) of this section, DE1 is not the owner of the Business A or Business B eligible QBUs. Instead, pursuant to paragraph (b)(5) of this section, U.S. Corp is the owner of the Business A and Business B eligible QBUs.

(2) Business A and Business B constitute two separate eligible QBUs, each with the euro as its functional currency. Accordingly, Business A and Business B are section 987 QBUs of U.S. Corp under paragraph (b)(3)(i) of this section. U.S. Corp may elect to treat Business A and Business B as a single section 987 QBU pursuant to paragraph (b)(3)(ii) of this section. If such election is made, pursuant to paragraph (b)(5) of this section, U.S. Corp would be the owner of the Business AB section 987 QBU that would include the activities of both the Business A section 987 QBU and the Business B section 987 QBU. In addition, pursuant to paragraph (b)(5) of this section, DE1 would not be treated as the owner of the Business AB section 987 QBU.

(c)

Exchange rates. Solely for purposes of section 987, the spot rate, the yearly average exchange rate, and the historic rate are determined as provided in paragraphs (c)(1) through (3) of this section.

(1)

Spot rate—

(i)

In general. Except as otherwise provided in this section, the spot rate means the rate determined under the rules of § 1.988-1(d)(1), (2), and (4) on the relevant date.

(ii)

Election to use a spot rate convention. An owner may elect to use a spot rate convention that reasonably approximates the spot rate determined in paragraph (c)(1)(i) of this section. A spot rate convention may be based on the spot rate at the beginning of a reasonable period, the spot rate at the end of a reasonable period, the average of spot rates for a reasonable period, or spot and forward rates for a reasonable period. For this purpose, a reasonable period may not exceed three months. For example, in lieu of the spot rate determined in paragraph (c)(1)(i) of this section, the spot rate for all transactions during a monthly period may be determined pursuant to one of the following conventions: the spot rate at the beginning of the current month or at the end of the preceding month; the monthly average of daily spot rates for the current or preceding month; or an average of the beginning and ending spot rates for the current or preceding month. Similarly, in lieu of the spot rate determined in paragraph (c)(1)(i) of this section, the spot rate may be determined pursuant to an average of the spot rate and the 30-day forward rate on a day of the preceding month. Use of a spot rate convention that is consistent with the convention used for financial accounting purposes is generally presumed to reasonably approximate the rate in paragraph (c)(1)(i) of this section. However, the Commissioner may prescribe the spot rate as determined in paragraph (c)(1)(i) of this section or an appropriate spot rate pursuant to this paragraph (c)(1)(ii) if the Commissioner determines that the use of the convention would not clearly reflect income based on the facts and circumstances available at the time of the election. The election or revocation of a spot rate convention does not change the spot rate with respect to any day of a taxable year before the election or revocation becomes effective. See paragraph (g) of this section for rules relating to section 987 elections.

(2)

Yearly average exchange rate. For purposes of section 987, the yearly average exchange rate is a rate that represents an average exchange rate for the taxable year (or, if the section 987 QBU existed for less than the full taxable year, the portion of the year during which the section 987 QBU existed) computed under any reasonable method. For example, an owner may determine the yearly average exchange rate based on a daily, monthly, or quarterly averaging convention, whether weighted or unweighted, and may take into account forward rates for a period not to exceed three months. Use of an averaging convention that is consistent with the convention used for financial accounting purposes is generally presumed to be a reasonable method. However, the Commissioner may prescribe an appropriate yearly average exchange rate if the Commissioner determines that the use of the convention would not have been expected to clearly reflect income based on the facts and circumstances available at the time of the election.

(3)

Historic rate—

(i)

In general. Except as otherwise provided in the section 987 regulations, the historic rate is determined as described in paragraphs (c)(3)(i)(A) through (E) of this section.

(A)

Assets generally. In the case of an asset other than inventory that is acquired by a section 987 QBU (or otherwise becomes attributable to a section 987 QBU, including through a transfer), the historic rate is the yearly average exchange rate applicable to the year of acquisition (or the year in which the asset otherwise becomes attributable to the section 987 QBU).

(B)

Inventory under the simplified inventory method. If a taxpayer has not elected under § 1.987-3(c)(2)(iv)(B) to use the historic inventory method, the historic rate for inventory is determined under this paragraph (c)(3)(i)(B).

(1) LIFO inventory. The historic rate for LIFO inventory is the yearly average exchange rate applicable to the year in which the inventory's LIFO layer arose.

(2) Non-LIFO inventory. The historic rate for non-LIFO inventory is the yearly average exchange rate for the relevant taxable year. For example, in determining the owner functional currency net value of a section 987 QBU on the last day of the current taxable year under § 1.987-4(d)(1)(i)(A), the historic rate for non-LIFO inventory is the yearly average exchange rate for the current taxable year. In determining the owner functional currency net value of a section 987 QBU on the last day of the preceding taxable year under § 1.987-4(d)(1)(i)(B), the historic rate for non-LIFO inventory is the yearly average exchange rate for the preceding taxable year.

(C)

Inventory under the historic inventory method. If a taxpayer has elected under § 1.987-3(c)(2)(iv)(B) to use the historic inventory method, each inventoriable cost with respect to a section 987 QBU's inventory may have a different historic rate. The historic rate for each inventoriable cost is the exchange rate at which the cost would be translated under § 1.987-3 if it were not an inventoriable cost.

(D)

Liabilities generally. In the case of a liability that is incurred or assumed by a section 987 QBU, the historic rate is the yearly average exchange rate applicable to the year the liability is incurred or assumed.

(E)

Determination of historic rates after revocation of current rate election. If a current rate election is revoked or otherwise ceases to be in effect, the historic rate of all historic items (other than non-LIFO inventory subject to the simplified inventory method) that were attributable to a section 987 QBU on the last day of the last taxable year in which the current rate election was in effect is the spot rate applicable to that day. Similarly, except as provided in paragraph (c)(3)(i)(B)(2) of this section, if a marked item becomes a historic item (such as when an asset of an insurance company ceases to be a separate account asset), the historic rate for the historic item is equal to the spot rate applicable to the last day of the last taxable year in which it was treated as a marked item.

(ii)

Date placed in service for depreciable or amortizable property. In the case of depreciable or amortizable property, an owner may determine the historic rate by reference to the date such property is placed in service by the section 987 QBU rather than the date the property was acquired, provided that this convention is consistently applied for all such property attributable to that section 987 QBU.

(iii)

Changed functional currency. In the case of a section 987 QBU or an owner of a section 987 QBU that previously changed its functional currency, § 1.985-5(d)(1)(ii)(A) and (e)(4)(i)(A), respectively, are taken into account in determining the historic rate for an item reflected on the balance sheet of the section 987 QBU immediately before the year of change.

(d)

Marked item—

(1)

In general. Except as provided in paragraph (d)(2) of this section, a marked item is an asset (marked asset) or liability (marked liability) that is attributable to a section 987 QBU under § 1.987-2(b) and that—

(i)

Is denominated in, or determined by reference to, the functional currency of the section 987 QBU and would be a section 988 transaction if such item were held or entered into directly by the owner of the section 987 QBU;

(ii)

Is a prepaid expense or a liability for an advance payment of unearned income, in either case having an original term of one year or less on the date the prepaid expense or liability for an advance payment of unearned income arises;

(iii)

Is a section 988 transaction of the section 987 QBU;

(iv)

Is an insurance reserve; or

(v)

Is a separate account asset.

(2)

Current rate election. A taxpayer may elect to treat all assets and liabilities that are attributable to a section 987 QBU under § 1.987-2(b) as marked items (a current rate election). See § 1.987-11(c) for rules suspending section 987 loss if a current rate election is in effect.

(e)

Historic item. A historic item is an asset (historic asset) or liability (historic liability) that is attributable to a section 987 QBU under § 1.987-2(b) and that is not a marked item.

(f)

Example: Identification of marked and historic items. The following example illustrates the application of paragraphs (d) and (e) of this section.

(1)

Facts. U.S. Corp is a domestic corporation with the U.S. dollar as its functional currency and is the owner of Business A, a section 987 QBU that has the pound as its functional currency. Items reflected on Business A's balance sheet include £10,000, $1,000, a building with a basis of £100,000, a light general purpose truck with a basis of £30,000, a computer with a basis of £1,000, a 60-day receivable for ¥15,000, an account payable of £5,000, and a foreign currency contract within the meaning of section 1256(g)(2) that requires Business A to exchange £100 for $125 in 90 days.

(2)

Analysis. Under paragraph (d) of this section, the £10,000, the $1,000, the ¥15,000 receivable, the £5,000 account payable, and the £/$ section 1256 foreign currency contract are marked items. The other items are historic items under paragraph (e) of this section.

(g)

Elections. This paragraph (g) provides rules for making and revoking elections under the section 987 regulations (the section 987 elections). A section 987 election is made for the owner and for a taxable year and applies to every section 987 QBU owned by the owner while the election is in effect. Once made, a section 987 election remains in effect until revoked.

(1)

Persons making the election. A section 987 election is made or revoked by the authorized person. The authorized person is described in paragraph (g)(1)(i), (ii), (iii), or (iv) of this section. If there are multiple controlling domestic shareholders, references to “the authorized person” refer to all authorized persons acting in concert.

(i)

United States persons. Except as provided in paragraph (g)(1)(iii) or (iv) of this section, if the owner of a section 987 QBU is a United States person, the owner is the authorized person.

(ii)

CFCs. If the owner of a section 987 QBU is a controlled foreign corporation, the controlling domestic shareholders (determined under § 1.964-1(c)(5)(i)) of the controlled foreign corporation are treated as the authorized person.

(iii)

Consolidated groups. If the owner is a member of a consolidated group, see § 1.1502-77.

(iv)

Partnerships. If the owner of a section 987 QBU is a partnership, the election is made or revoked by the partnership. For a partnership that is not otherwise required to file a partnership return, see § 1.6031(a)-1(b)(5) for elections that can only be made by a partnership under section 703.

(2)

Consistency rules—

(i)

Consolidated groups. A section 987 election is made or revoked by a consolidated group and applies to all members of the group. Therefore, the same section 987 elections will be in effect for all members of a consolidated group at all times. If a corporation becomes a member of a consolidated group, it is deemed to make or revoke any section 987 election as necessary to be consistent with the consolidated group. If a corporation ceases to be a member of a consolidated group and does not join another group, its section 987 elections are unaffected by its departure from the group. All members of a consolidated group are treated as a single United States person for purposes of applying paragraph (g)(2)(ii) of this section.

(ii)

CFCs and foreign partnerships. If the authorized person makes or revokes an election on behalf of any person (including the authorized person) described in paragraphs (g)(2)(ii)(A) through (C) of this section (the section 987 electing group), then the election must be made or revoked on behalf of all members of the section 987 electing group for the first taxable year of each entity that ends with or within the taxable year of the United States person described in paragraph (g)(2)(ii)(A) of this section in which the election or revocation became effective. If an entity that was not previously a member of the section 987 electing group becomes a member (for example, upon formation or acquisition), it is deemed to make or revoke any section 987 election as necessary to be consistent with the other members (without regard to the requirements of paragraph (g)(3)(ii) of this section). The following persons are described in this paragraph (g)(2)(ii):

(A)

A United States person (the <I>relevant United States person</I>).

(B)

Each controlled foreign corporation in which the relevant United States person owns (within the meaning of section 958(a)) more than fifty percent of the stock (by vote or value).

(C)

In the case of an election that can be made by or for a partnership, each foreign partnership in which the relevant United States person owns (directly or indirectly) more than fifty percent of the capital and profits interest.

(iii)

Section 381(a) transactions. If a corporation (acquiring corporation) acquires the assets of another corporation in a transaction described in section 381(a), the acquiring corporation's election status applies to all section 987 QBUs owned by the acquiring corporation after the transaction.

(3)

Manner of making or revoking elections. The section 987 elections must be made in accordance with this paragraph (g)(3), except as provided in forms and instructions or other guidance as provided by the Secretary.

(i)

Statement must be attached to a return. An authorized person that makes or revokes a section 987 election in accordance with this paragraph (g) must attach to its return the statement described in this paragraph (g)(3)(i) (or must provide the information described in this paragraph (g)(3)(i) in the manner prescribed in forms or instructions or other guidance). Each statement must include an identification of the election that is made or revoked (including the section and paragraph of the regulations under which the election is made); the name, address, and functional currency of each owner (or if the owner is a member of a consolidated group, the common parent of the consolidated group) for which the election is made or revoked; and the name, address, functional currency, and owner of each section 987 QBU to which the election applies. The elections provided in § 1.987-10 are made by reporting the election on the statement described in § 1.987-10(k). An election to use a spot rate convention under paragraph (c)(1)(ii) of this section must describe the convention.

(ii)

Election requirements—

(A)

Consent required. Except as provided in paragraph (g)(3)(ii)(B) or (C) of this section, a section 987 election may not be made or revoked without the consent of the Commissioner. A copy of the consent must be attached to the statement described in paragraph (g)(3)(i) of this section. For purposes of this paragraph (g)(3)(ii), the Commissioner's consent may be obtained only with a ruling or administrative pronouncement. See Revenue Procedure 2024-1, I.R.B. 2024-1 (or superseding guidance).

(B)

Current rate election, annual recognition election, and section 988 mark-to-market election. Except as provided in paragraph (g)(3)(ii)(C) of this section, the authorized person may make a current rate election, an annual recognition election, or a section 988 mark-to-market election without the Commissioner's consent by filing the statement prescribed in paragraph (g)(3)(i) of this section with the Internal Revenue Service in accordance with the prescribed form or its instructions (or other guidance) on or before the first day of the taxable year to which the election applies, and attaching a copy of the statement to its return. Once made, a current rate election, annual recognition election, or section 988 mark-to-market election may not be revoked without the Commissioner's consent for any taxable year beginning within 60 months of the first day of the taxable year for which it was made. Once revoked, a new current rate election, annual recognition election, or section 988 mark-to-market election may not be made without the Commissioner's consent for any taxable year beginning within 60 months of the first day of the taxable year for which it was revoked.

(C)

First year to which the section 987 regulations apply. The authorized person may make a section 987 election without the consent of the Commissioner on its original, timely filed (including extensions) return for the first taxable year of an owner in which both—

(1) The section 987 regulations apply (other than by applying solely to one or more terminating QBUs pursuant to § 1.987-15(a)(2)); and

(2) Either the owner or any member of its consolidated group or section 987 electing group is the owner of a section 987 QBU.

(iii)

Elections made under the 2016 and 2019 section 987 regulations. Each section 987 election must be made by the authorized person under the rules of this section without regard to whether the election was in effect under the 2016 and 2019 final regulations or under prior § 1.987-8T. In the first taxable year in which the section 987 regulations apply, any elections made under the 2016 and 2019 final regulations cease to be effective.

(4)

No change in method of accounting. An election under section 987 is not treated as a change in method of accounting for purposes of sections 446 and 481.

(5)

Principles of § 1.964-1(c)(3) applicable to section 987 elections. Except as otherwise provided in this paragraph (g), if the authorized person makes or revokes a section 987 election on behalf of a controlled foreign corporation, the authorized person must make or revoke the section 987 election in accordance with the rules and principles of § 1.964-1(c)(3).

(h)

Definitions. The definitions in this paragraph (h) apply for purposes of the section 987 regulations.

1991 proposed regulations. 1991 proposed regulations means proposed §§ 1.987-1 through 1.987-3 as contained in 56 FR 48457-01 (September 25, 1991).

2006 proposed regulations. 2006 proposed regulations means: proposed §§ 1.861-9T(g)(2)(ii)(A)(1) and (g)(2)(vi); 1.985-5; 1.987-1 through 1.987-11; 1.988-1(a)(3) and (4), (a)(10)(ii), and (i); 1.988-4(b)(2); and 1.989(a)-1(b)(2)(i), and (b)(4) as contained in 71 FR 52876-01 (September 7, 2006).

2016 and 2019 section 987 regulations. 2016 and 2019 section 987 regulations means the following regulations:

(i)

Sections 1.861-9T(g)(2)(ii)(A)(1) and (g)(2)(vi); 1.985-5; 1.987-1 through 1.987-10; 1.988-1(a)(4), (a)(10)(ii), and (i); 1.988-4(b)(2); and 1.989(a)-1(b)(2)(i), (b)(4), (d)(3) and (4), as contained in 26 CFR in part 1 in effect on April 1, 2017.

(ii)

Sections 1.987-2T(c)(9), 1.987-4T(c)(2) and (f), and 1.987-7T, as contained in 26 CFR in part 1 in effect on April 1, 2017 (until they were revoked on May 13, 2019).

(iii)

Sections 1.987-2(c)(9) and 1.987-4(c)(2) and (f), as contained in 26 CFR in part 1 in effect on April 1, 2020 (beginning on May 13, 2019).

(iv)

Sections 1.987-1T (other than §§ 1.987-1T(g)(2)(i)(B) and (g)(3)(i)(H)), 1.987-3T, 1.987-6T, 1.988-1T, and 1.988-2T(i), as contained in 26 CFR in part 1 in effect on April 1, 2017 (until they expired on December 6, 2019).

Adjusted balance sheet. Adjusted balance sheet means a tax basis balance sheet in the functional currency of the eligible QBU, determined by—

(i)

Preparing a balance sheet for the relevant date from the section 987 QBU's books and records (within the meaning of § 1.989(a)-1(d)) recorded in the section 987 QBU's functional currency and showing all assets and liabilities attributable to the section 987 QBU under § 1.987-2(b) (the preliminary balance sheet); and

(ii)

Making adjustments necessary to conform the items reflected on the preliminary balance sheet to United States tax accounting principles (including adjustments to reflect items that were not reflected on the preliminary balance sheet but should be reflected under United States tax accounting principles, and adjustments to eliminate items that are reflected on the preliminary balance sheet but should not be reflected under United States tax accounting principles).

Annual recognition election. Annual recognition election has the meaning provided in § 1.987-5(b)(2).

Authorized person. Authorized person has the meaning provided in paragraph (g)(1) of this section.

Combination. Combination has the meaning provided in § 1.987-2(c)(9)(i).

Combined QBU. Combined QBU has the meaning provided in § 1.987-2(c)(9)(i).

Combining QBU. Combining QBU has the meaning provided in § 1.987-2(c)(9)(i).

Consolidated group. Consolidated group has the meaning provided in § 1.1502-1(h).

Controlled foreign corporation. Controlled foreign corporation (or CFC) has the meaning provided in section 957 (or, if applicable, section 953(c)(1)(B)).

Controlled group. A controlled group means all persons with the relationships to each other specified in section 267(b) or section 707(b).

Cumulative suspended section 987 loss. Cumulative suspended section 987 loss has the meaning provided in § 1.987-11(b).

Current rate election. Current rate election has the meaning provided in paragraph (d)(2) of this section.

Current year gain amount. Current year gain amount has the meaning provided in § 1.987-11(e)(3)(i).

Deferral event. Deferral event has the meaning provided in § 1.987-12(g)(1).

Deferred section 987 gain or loss. Deferred section 987 gain or loss has the meaning provided in § 1.987-12(b)(2). Deferred section 987 gain or loss does not include net unrecognized section 987 gain or loss or suspended section 987 loss.

Disregarded entity. Disregarded entity (or DE) means an entity disregarded as an entity separate from its owner for Federal income tax purposes, including an entity described in § 301.7701-2(c)(2) of this chapter, a qualified subchapter S subsidiary under section 1361(b)(3), a qualified REIT subsidiary within the meaning of section 856(i)(2), and a trust all of which is treated (under subpart E of part I of subchapter J of Chapter 1 of the Code) as owned by the grantor or another person.

Disregarded transactions. Disregarded transactions has the meaning provided in § 1.987-2(c)(2)(ii).

Earnings only method. Earnings only method means a method of applying section 987 before the transition date under which gain or loss under section 987(3) is determined only with respect to the earnings of a section 987 QBU.

ECI. ECI means income that is effectively connected with the conduct of a trade or business within the United States.

Eligible pretransition method. Eligible pretransition method has the meaning provided in § 1.987-10(e)(4).

Eligible QBU. Eligible QBU has the meaning provided in paragraph (b)(4) of this section.

Financial instrument. Financial instrument has the meaning provided in § 1.1275-6(b)(3). It includes a financial instrument entered into between related parties or unrelated parties.

Foreign source income. Foreign source income means income from sources without the United States.

Generally accepted accounting principles. Generally accepted accounting principles means United States generally accepted accounting principles described in standards established and made effective by the Financial Accounting Standards Board.

Hedge. Hedge has the meaning provided in § 1.987-14(b)(1).

Hedged QBU. Hedged QBU has the meaning provided in § 1.987-14(b)(1).

Hedging gain or loss. Hedging gain or loss has the meaning provided in § 1.987-14(d)(1).

Historic asset. Historic asset has the meaning provided in paragraph (e) of this section.

Historic item. Historic item has the meaning provided in paragraph (e) of this section.

Historic liability. Historic liability has the meaning provided in paragraph (e) of this section.

Historic rate. Historic rate has the meaning provided in paragraph (c)(3) of this section.

Insurance reserve. Insurance reserve means an item that is a reserve under section 807(c) or section 953(b) (as applicable).

LIFO. LIFO means the last-in, first-out inventory method (as described in section 472).

LIFO inventory. LIFO inventory means inventory accounted for under the LIFO inventory method.

Liability. Liability means the amount of a liability on the adjusted balance sheet (or the amount that would be on the adjusted balance sheet if an adjusted balance sheet were prepared for that day).

Lookback gain amount. Lookback gain amount has the meaning provided in § 1.987-11(e)(3)(ii).

Lookback period. Lookback period has the meaning provided in § 1.987-11(e)(3)(iv).

Loss-to-the-extent-of-gain rule. Loss-to-the-extent-of-gain rule has the meaning provided in § 1.987-11(e)(1).

Marked asset. Marked asset has the meaning provided in paragraph (d) of this section.

Marked item. Marked item has the meaning provided in paragraph (d) of this section.

Marked liability. Marked liability has the meaning provided in paragraph (d) of this section.

Net accumulated unrecognized section 987 gain or loss. Net accumulated unrecognized section 987 gain or loss has the meaning provided in § 1.987-4(c).

Net unrecognized section 987 gain or loss. Net unrecognized section 987 gain or loss has the meaning provided in § 1.987-4(b). Net unrecognized section 987 gain or loss does not include deferred section 987 gain or loss or suspended section 987 loss.

Non-LIFO inventory. Non-LIFO inventory means inventory that is not accounted for under the LIFO inventory method.

Original deferral QBU. Original deferral QBU has the meaning provided in § 1.987-12(b).

Original deferral QBU owner. Original deferral QBU owner has the meaning provided in § 1.987-12(g)(3).

Original suspended loss QBU owner. Original suspended loss QBU owner has the meaning provided in § 1.987-13(l)(1).

Outbound loss event. Outbound loss event has the meaning provided in § 1.987-13(h)(2).

Outbound loss QBU. Outbound loss QBU has the meaning provided in § 1.987-13(h)(1).

Outbound section 987 loss. Outbound section 987 loss has the meaning provided in § 1.987-13(h)(4).

Owner. Owner has the meaning provided in paragraph (b)(5) of this section.

Prior § 1.987-1. Prior § 1.987-1 means § 1.987-1, as contained in 26 CFR in part 1 in effect on April 1, 2017.

Prior § 1.987-4. Prior § 1.987-4 means § 1.987-4, as contained in 26 CFR in part 1 in effect on April 1, 2017.

Prior § 1.987-5. Prior § 1.987-5 means § 1.987-5, as contained in 26 CFR in part 1 in effect on April 1, 2017.

Prior § 1.987-8T. Prior § 1.987-8T means § 1.987-8T, as contained in 26 CFR in part 1 in effect on April 1, 2017.

Prior § 1.987-10. Prior § 1.987-10 means § 1.987-10, as contained in 26 CFR in part 1 in effect on April 1, 2017.

Prior § 1.987-12. Prior § 1.987-12 means § 1.987-12, as contained in 26 CFR in part 1 in effect on April 1, 2020.

Prior § 1.987-12T. Prior § 1.987-12T means § 1.987-12T, as contained in 26 CFR in part 1 in effect on April 1, 2017.

QBU net value. QBU net value has the meaning provided in § 1.987-4(e)(2)(ii).

Recognition grouping. Recognition grouping has the meaning provided in § 1.987-11(f).

Remittance. Remittance has the meaning provided in § 1.987-5(c).

S corporation. S corporation has the meaning provided in section 1361(a)(1).

Section 904 category. Section 904 category means a separate category of income described in § 1.904-5(a)(4)(v).

Section 987 electing group. Section 987 electing group has the meaning provided in paragraph (g)(2)(ii) of this section.

Section 987 elections. Section 987 elections has the meaning provided in paragraph (g) of this section.

Section 987 gain or loss. Section 987 gain or loss means gain or loss that is recognized under § 1.987-5, deferred section 987 gain or loss, suspended section 987 loss, and pretransition gain or loss that is recognized under § 1.987-10(e)(5)(ii).

Section 987 hedging transaction. Section 987 hedging transaction has the meaning provided in § 1.987-14(b).

Section 987 QBU. Section 987 QBU has the meaning provided in paragraph (b)(3) of this section.

Section 987 regulations. Section 987 regulations has the meaning provided in paragraph (a) of this section.

Section 987 taxable income or loss. Section 987 taxable income or loss has the meaning provided in § 1.987-3(a).

Section 988 mark-to-market election. Section 988 mark-to-market election has the meaning provided in § 1.987-3(b)(4)(ii).

Separate account. Separate account means a separate set of financial records maintained with respect to an insurance contract or group of contracts to report assets and liabilities for specific products that are separated from the insurer's general account, provided the following requirements are met—

(i)

Any liability of the separate account is the liability only of that account and not the liability of any other separate account or the general account;

(ii)

The separate account is not part of the company's general account and is protected from the general creditors of the company; and

(iii)

The value of each contract supported by the separate account is supported proportionately by each of the assets in such account.

Separate account asset. Separate account asset means an asset that is reflected on the books and records of an eligible QBU and held in a separate account with respect to a separate account insurance contract. A separate account asset does not include an asset held in the general account.

Separate account insurance contract. Separate account insurance contract means a contract that would be treated as an insurance contract for Federal income tax purposes (except to the extent provided in this definition with respect to the requirements in section 72(s), 101(f), 817(h), or 7702) for which some or all of the assets supporting the insurance reserves are required to be held in a separate account under the insurance regulatory rules of the jurisdiction in which the contract is issued, and either—

(i)

The contract qualifies as a variable contract under section 817(d) (treating foreign law as a State law or regulation); or

(ii)

The contract would qualify as a variable contract under section 817(d) (treating foreign law as a State law or regulation) but for its failure to meet one or more of the requirements in section 72(s), 101(f), 817(h), or 7702, provided that the following requirements are met—

(A)

The contract is regulated as a life insurance or annuity contract in the foreign jurisdiction in which it is issued;

(B)

The contract reserves are computed or estimated on the basis of recognized mortality or morbidity tables and assumed rates of interest. For this purpose, the reflection of the investment return and the market value of assets in the separate account is considered an assumed rate of interest; and

(C)

No policyholder, annuitant, insured, or beneficiary under the contract is a United States person. Separated QBU. Separated QBU has the meaning provided in § 1.987-2(c)(9)(iii).

Separating QBU. Separating QBU has the meaning provided in § 1.987-2(c)(9)(iii).

Separation. Separation has the meaning provided in § 1.987-2(c)(9)(iii).

Separation fraction. In the case of a separated QBU, separation fraction means a fraction, the numerator of which is the aggregate adjusted basis of the gross assets attributable to the separated QBU immediately after the separation, and the denominator of which is the aggregate adjusted basis of the gross assets attributable to all separated QBUs immediately after the separation.

Spot rate. Spot rate has the meaning provided in paragraph (c)(1) of this section.

SRLY section 987 losses. SRLY section 987 losses has the meaning provided in § 1.987-11(e)(6)(ii).

Successor deferral QBU. Successor deferral QBU has the meaning provided in § 1.987-12(g)(2).

Successor deferral QBU owner. Successor deferral QBU owner has the meaning provided in § 1.987-12(c)(1).

Successor suspended loss QBU. Successor suspended loss QBU has the meaning provided in § 1.987-13(l)(2).

Successor suspended loss QBU owner. Successor suspended loss QBU owner has the meaning provided in § 1.987-13(l)(3).

Suspended section 987 loss. Suspended section 987 loss means section 987 loss that is subject to the limitations on recognition described in § 1.987-11(e). See §§ 1.987-10(e)(5), 1.987-11(c) and (d), 1.987-12(c), and 1.987-13(h) for rules regarding when net unrecognized section 987 loss or deferred section 987 loss becomes suspended section 987 loss. Suspended section 987 loss does not include net unrecognized section 987 loss or deferred section 987 loss.

Tentative tested income group. Tentative tested income group has the meaning provided in § 1.987-6(b)(2)(i)(D)(1).

Terminating QBU. Terminating QBU means a section 987 QBU, if both—

(i)

The section 987 QBU terminates on any date on or after November 9, 2023, or the section 987 QBU terminates as a result of an entity classification election made under § 301.7701-3 of this chapter that is filed on or after November 9, 2023, and that is effective before November 9, 2023; and

(ii)

When the section 987 QBU terminates, neither the section 987 regulations nor the 2016 and 2019 section 987 regulations would apply with respect to the section 987 QBU but for § 1.987-15(a)(2).

Termination. With respect to a section 987 QBU, termination has the meaning provided in § 1.987-8(b) and (c). With respect to a successor suspended loss QBU, the term termination has the meaning provided in § 1.987-13(j).

Trade or business. Trade or business has the meaning provided in § 1.989(a)-1(c).

Transfer. Transfer has the meaning provided in § 1.987-2(c).

Transition date. Transition date has the meaning provided in § 1.987-10(c).

United States person. United States person (or U.S. person) has the meaning provided in section 7701(a)(30).

United States shareholder. United States shareholder (or U.S. shareholder) has the meaning provided in section 951(b) (or, if applicable, section 953(c)(1)(A)).

U.S. source income. U.S. source income means income from sources within the United States.

Yearly average exchange rate. Yearly average exchange rate has the meaning provided in paragraph (c)(2) of this section.

Notes, amendments, and revision history

Amendments

[T.D. 10016, 89 FR 100165, Dec. 11, 2024; 90 FR 5607, Jan. 17, 2025]

Source

Source: T.D. 10016, 89 FR 100164, Dec. 11, 2024, unless otherwise noted.

Authority

Authority: 26 U.S.C. 7805, unless otherwise noted. Section 1.1(h)-1 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 1(h); Section 1.21-1 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 21(f); Section 1.21-2 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 21(f); Section 1.21-3 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 21(f); Section 1.21-4 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 21(f); Section 1.25-1T also issued under 26 U.S.C. 25; Section 1.25-2T also issued under 26 U.S.C. 25; Section 1.25-3 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 25; Section 1.25-3T also issued under 26 U.S.C. 25; Section 1.25-4T also issued under 26 U.S.C. 25; Section 1.25-5T also issued under 26 U.S.C. 25; Section 1.25-6T also issued under 26 U.S.C. 25; Section 1.25-7T also issued under 26 U.S.C. 25; Section 1.25-8T also issued under 26 U.S.C. 25; Section 1.25A-1 also issued under section 26 U.S.C. 25A(i); Section 1.25A-2 also issued under section 26 U.S.C. 25A(i); Section 1.25A-3 also issued under section 26 U.S.C. 25A(i); Section 1.25A-4 also issued under section 26 U.S.C. 25A(i); Section 1.25A-5 also issued under section 26 U.S.C. 25A(i); Section 1.25E-1 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 25E. Section 1.25E-2 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 25E. Section 1.25E-3 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 25E, 26 U.S.C. 30D(g)(1) and (g)(10), and 26 U.S.C. 6011. Section 1.28-0 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 28(d)(5); Section 1.28-1 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 28(d)(5); Section 1.30-1 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 30(d)(2); Section 1.30C-3 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 30; Section 1.30D-1 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 30D. Section 1.30D-2 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 30D. Section 1.30D-3 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 30D. Section 1.30D-4 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 30D and 26 U.S.C. 45W(d)(3). Section 1.30D-5 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 30D and 26 U.S.C. 6011. Section 1.30D-6 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 30D. Section 1.36B-1 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 36B(h). Section 1.36B-2 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 36B(h). Section 1.36B-3 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 36B(h). Section 1.36B-4 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 36B(h). Section 1.36B-5 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 36B(h). Section 1.36B-6 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 36B(h). Section 1.41-4 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 41(d)(4)(E). Section 1.41-6 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 41(f)(1) and 1502; Section 1.41-8 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 41(c)(4)(B); Section 1.41-8T also issued under 26 U.S.C. 41(c)(4)(B); Section 1.41-9 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 41(c)(5)(C); Section 1.41-9T also issued under 26 U.S.C. 41(c)(5)(C); Section 1.42-1 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 42(n); Section 1.42-1T also issued under 26 U.S.C. 42(n); Section 1.42-3 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 42(n); Section 1.42-4 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 42(n); Section 1.42-5 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 42(n); Sections 1.42-6, 1.42-8, 1.42-9, 1.42-10, 1.42-11, and 1.42-12, also issued under 26 U.S.C. 42(n); Section 1.42-13 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 42(n); Section 1.42-14 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 42(n); Section 1.42-15 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 42(n); Section 1.42-16 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 42(n); Section 1.42-17 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 42(n); Section 1.42-18 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 42(h)(6)(F) and 42(h)(6)(K); Section 1.42-19 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 42(n); Sections 1.43-0—1.43-7 also issued under section 26 U.S.C. 43; Section 1.45-6 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 45. Section 1.45-7 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 45. Section 1.45-8 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 45. Section 1.45-12 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 45. Section 1.45D-1 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 45D(e)(2) and (i); Section 1.45G-1 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 45G(e)(2); Section 1.45L-3 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 45L. Sections 1.45Q-1, 1.45Q-2, 1.45Q-3, 1.45Q-4, and 1.45Q-5 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 45Q(h). Section 1.45Q-3 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 45Q(f)(2). Section 1.45Q-4 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 45Q(f)(5). Section 1.45Q-5 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 45Q(f)(4). Section 1.45Q-6 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 45Q. Section 1.45U-3 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 45U. Section 1.45V-1 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 45V(c)(1)(B) and 45V(f). Section 1.45V-2 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 45V(c)(1)(B) and 45V(f). Section 1.45V-3 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 45V. Section 1.45V-4 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 45V(c)(1)(B) and 45V(f). Section 1.45V-5 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 45V(c)(1)(B) and 45V(f). Section 1.45V-6 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 45V(c)(1)(B) and 45V(f). Section 1.45X-1 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 45X, 6001, 6417(h) and 6418(h). Section 1.45X-2 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 45X and 1502. Section 1.45X-3 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 6001. Section 1.45X-4 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 6001. Section 1.45Y-1 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 45Y(f). Section 1.45Y-2 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 45Y(f). Section 1.45Y-3 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 45Y(f). Section 1.45Y-4 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 45Y(f). Section 1.45Y-5 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 45Y(b) and (f). Section 1.45Z-3 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 45Z. Section 1.46-5 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 46(d)(6) and 26 U.S.C. 47(a)(3)(C); Section 1.46-6 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 46(f)(7); Section 1.47-1 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 47(a); Section 1.48-9 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 48(a)(3)(D)(i) and (16). Section 1.48-13 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 48(a)(10)(C) and (16). Section 1.48-14 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 48(a)(16). Section 1.48-15 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 48(a)(15) Section 1.48D-6 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 48D(d)(6); Section 1.48D-6T also issued under 26 U.S.C. 48D(d)(2)(E) and (6); Section 1.48(e)-1 issued under 26 U.S.C. 48. Section 1.48E-1 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 48E(i). Section 1.48E-2 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 48E(i). Section 1.48E-3 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 48E(i). Section 1.48E-4 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 48E(i). Section 1.48E-5 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 48E(i). Section 1.48E(h)-1 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 48E(i). Section 1.50-2 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 50(a)(3)(C), and 50(a)(6). Sections 1.50A—1.50B also issued under 85 Stat. 553 (26 U.S.C. 40(b)); Section 1.52-1 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 52(b); Section 1.56(g)-1 also issued under section 7611(g)(3) of the Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act of 1989 (Pub. L. 101-239, 103 Stat. 2373). Section 1.59A-0 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 59A(i). Section 1.59A-1 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 59A(i). Section 1.59A-2 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 59A(i). Section 1.59A-3 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 59A(i). Section 1.59A-4 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 59A(i). Section 1.59A-5 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 59A(i). Section 1.59A-6 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 59A(i). Section 1.59A-7 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 59A(i). Section 1.59A-8 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 59A(i). Section 1.59A-9 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 59A(i). Section 1.59A-10 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 59A(i). Section 1.61-2T also issued under 26 U.S.C. 61. Section 1.61-21 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 61. Sections 1.62-1T and 1.62-2 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 62. Section 1.66-4 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 66(c); Sections 1.67-2T and 1.67-3T also issued under 26 U.S.C. 67(c). Section 1.67-3 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 67(c). Section 1.67-4 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 67(e). Sections 1.72-4, 1.72-5, 1.72-6, 1.72-7, 1.72-8, and 1.72-11 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 72(c). Section 1.78-1 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 245A(g). Section 1.101-7 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 101(d)(2)(B)(ii). Section 1.103-10 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 103(b)(6). Section 1.103A-2 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 103A(j). Section 1.108-1 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 108(e)(8) and 108(e)(10(B). Section 1.108-2 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 108. Section 1.108-3 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 108, 267, and 1502. Section 1.108-4 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 108. Section 1.108-5 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 108. Section 1.108(c)-1 also issued under the authority of 26 U.S.C. 108(d)(9). Section 1.108(i)-0 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 108(i)(7) and 1502. Section 1.108(i)-1 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 108(i)(7) and 1502. Section 1.108(i)-2 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 108(i)(7). Section 1.108(i)-3 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 108(i)(7) and 1502. Section 1.110-1 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 110(d). Sections 1.132-0 through 1.132-8T also issued under 26 U.S.C. 132(o). Section 1.139E-1 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 139E. Section 1.139E-1(d)(6) also issued under 26 U.S.C. 7872. Section 1.139E-2 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 139E. Section 1.148-0 through 1.148-11 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 148(i). Section 1.148-6 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 148 (f), (g), and (i). Section 1.149(b)-1 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 149(b)(3)(B) (v). Section 1.149(d)-1 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 149(d)(7). Section 1.149(e)-1 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 149(e). Section 1.149(g)-1 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 149(g)(5). Section 1.150-4 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 150 (c)(5). Section 1.152-4 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 152(e). Section 1.162-24 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 162(h). Section 1.162(k)-1 is also issued under section 26 U.S.C. 162(k). Section 1.163-8T also issued under 26 U.S.C. 469(k)(4). Section 1.163-9T also issued under 26 U.S.C. 163(h)(3)(D). Section 1.163(j)-1 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 163(j)(8)(B) and 26 U.S.C. 1502. Section 1.163(j)-2 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 1502. Section 1.163(j)-3 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 1502. Section 1.163(j)-4 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 163(j)(8)(B) and 26 U.S.C. 1502. Section 1.163(j)-5 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 1502. Section 1.163(j)-6 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 163(j)(8)(B) and 26 U.S.C. 1502. Section 1.163(j)-7 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 163(j)(8)(B) and 26 U.S.C. 1502. Section 1.163(j)-8 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 163(j)(8)(B). Section 1.163(j)-9 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 163(j)(7)(B) and (C) and 26 U.S.C. 1502. Section 1.163(j)-10 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 163(j)(8)(B) and 26 U.S.C. 1502. Section 1.163(j)-11 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 1502. Section 1.165-12 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 165(j)(3). Section 1.166-10 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 166(f). Section 1.168(d)-1 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 168(d)(3). Section 1.168(f)(8)-1T also added under sec. 112(c), Black Lung Benefits Revenue Act of 1981 (Pub. L. 97-119). Section 1.168(h)-1 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 168. Section 1.168(i)-1 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 168(i)(4). Section 1.168(i)-1T also issued under 26 U.S.C. 168(i)(4). Section 1.168(i)-2 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 168. Section 1.168(i)-4 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 168(i)(5). Section 1.168(j)-1T also added under 26 U.S.C. 168(j)(10). Section 1.170A-1 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 170(a). Section 1.170A-6 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 170(f)(4); 26 U.S.C. 642(c)(5). Section 1.170A-12 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 170(f)(4). Section 1.170A-13 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 170(f)(8). Section 1.170A-14 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 170(f)(11) and 170(h)(7). Section 1.170A-15 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 170(a)(1). Section 1.170A-16 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 170(f)(11), 170(f)(19), 170(h)(7)(G), 6001, and 6011. Section 1.170A-17 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 170(a)(1) and 170(f)(11). Section 1.170A-18 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 170(a)(1). Section 1.171-2 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 171(e). Section 1.171-3 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 171(e). Section 1.171-4 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 171(c). Section 1.179-1 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 179(d)(6) and (10). Section 1.179-4 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 179(c). Section 1.179-6 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 179(c). Section 1.179D-3 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 179D. Section 1.197-2 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 197. Section 1.199A-1 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 199A(f)(4). Section 1.199A-2 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 199A(b)(5), (f)(1)(A), (f)(4), and (h). Section 1.199A-3 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 199A(c)(4)(C) and (f)(4). Section 1.199A-4 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 199A(f)(4). Section 1.199A-5 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 199A(f)(4). Section 1.199A-6 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 199A(f)(1)(B) and (f)(4). Section 1.199A-7 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 199A(f)(4) and (g)(6). Section 1.199A-8 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 199A(g)(6). Section 1.199A-9 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 199A(g)(6). Section 1.199A-10 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 199A(g)(6). Section 1.199A-11 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 199A(g)(6). Section 1.199A-12 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 199A(g)(6). Section 1.216-2 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 216(d). Section 1.221-2 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 221(d). Section 1.224-1 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 224(d)(2)(C) and (g) and sec. 70201(h) of Public Law 119-21, 139 Stat. 72 (July 4, 2025), commonly known as the One, Big, Beautiful Bill Act. Section 1.245A-5 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 245A(g), 951A(a), 954(c)(6)(A), and 965(o). Sections 1.245A-6 through 1.245A-11 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 245A(g), 882(c)(1)(A), 951A, 954(b)(5), 954(c)(6), and 965(o). Section 1.245A(d)-1 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 245A(g). Section 1.245A(e)-1 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 245A(g). Section 1.250-0 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 250(c). Section 1.250-1 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 250(c). Section 1.250(a)-1 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 250(c) and 6001. Section 1.250(b)-1 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 250(c) and 6001. Section 1.250(b)-2 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 250(c). Section 1.250(b)-3 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 250(c). Section 1.250(b)-4 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 250(c). Section 1.250(b)-5 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 250(c). Section 1.250(b)-6 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 250(c). Section 1.263A-1 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 263A(j). Section 1.263A-2 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 263A(j). Section 1.263A-3 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 263A(j). Section 1.263A-4 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 263A. Section 1.263A-4T also issued under 26 U.S.C. 263A. Section 1.263A-5 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 263A. Section 1.263A-6 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 263A. Section 1.263A-7 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 263A(j). Section 1.263A-7T also issued under 26 U.S.C. 263A. Sections 1.263A-8 through 1.263A-15 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 263A(j). Sections 1.267A-1 through 1.267A-7 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 267A(e). Section 1.267(a)-3 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 267(a)(3)(A) and (a)(3)(B)(ii). Section 1.267(f)-1 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 267 and 1502. Section 1.269-3(d) also issued under 26 U.S.C. 382(m). Section 1.274-2 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 274(o). Section 1.274-5 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 274(p). Section 1.274-5T also issued under 26 U.S.C. 274(d). Section 1.274-9 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 274(o). Section 1.274-10 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 274(o). Section 1.274-11 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 274. Section 1.274-12 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 274. Section 1.274-13 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 274. Section 1.274-14 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 274. Section 1.274(d)-1 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 274(d). Section 1.274(d)-1T also issued under 26 U.S.C. 274(d). Section 1.280C-4 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 280C(c)(4). Section 1.280F-1T also issued under 26 U.S.C. 280F. Section 1.280F-6 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 280F. Section 1.280F-7 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 280F(c). Section 1.280G-1 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 280G(b) and (e). Section 1.301-1 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 357(d)(3). Section 1.301-1T also issued under 26 U.S.C. 357(d)(3). Section 1.304-5 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 304. Section 1.304-7 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 304(b)(5)(C). Section 1.305-3 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 305. Section 1.305-5 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 305. Section 1.305-7 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 305. Section 1.332-8 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 332(d)(4). Section 1.334-1 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 367(b). Section 1.336-1 is also issued under 26 U.S.C. 336. Section 1.336-2 is also issued under 26 U.S.C. 336. Section 1.336-3 is also issued under 26 U.S.C. 336. Section 1.336-4 is also issued under 26 U.S.C. 336. Section 1.336-5 is also issued under 26 U.S.C. 336. Section 1.337(d)-1 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 337(d). Section 1.337(d)-2 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 337(d). Section 1.337(d)-3 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 337(d). Section 1.337(d)-4 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 337. Section 1.337(d)-5 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 337. Section 1.337(d)-6 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 337. Section 1.337(d)-7 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 337. Section 1.337(d)-7T also issued under 26 U.S.C. 337(d) and 355(h). Section 1.338-1 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 337(d), 338, and 1502. Section 1.338-2 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 337(d), 338, and 1502. Section 1.338-3 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 337(d), 338, and 1502. Section 1.338-4 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 337(d), 338, and 1502. Section 1.338-5 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 337(d), 338, and 1502. Section 1.338-6 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 337(d), 338, and 1502. Section 1.338-7 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 337(d), 338, and 1502. Section 1.338-8 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 337(d), 338, and 1502. Section 1.338-9 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 337(d), 338, and 1502. Section 1.338-10 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 337(d), 338, and 1502. Section 1.338-11 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 338. Section 1.338-11T also issued under 26 U.S.C. 338. Section 1.338(h)(10)-1 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 337(d), 338, and 1502. Section 1.338(h)(10)-1T also issued under 26 U.S.C. 337(d), 338 and 1502. Section 1.338(i)-1 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 337(d), 338, and 1502. Section 1.351-1 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 351. Section 1.351-2 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 351(g)(4). Section 1.354-1 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 351(g)(4). Section 1.355-1 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 351(g)(4). Section 1.355-2(g) and (i) also issued under 26 U.S.C. 355(b)(3)(D). Section 1.355-2T(g) and (i) are also issued under 26 U.S.C. 355(b)(3)(D). Section 1.355-6 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 355(d)(9). Section 1.355-7 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 355(e)(5). Section 1.355-8 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 336(e), 355(e)(3)(B), 355(e)(5), and 355(f). Section 1.356-6 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 351(g)(4). Section 1.356-7 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 351(g)(4). Section 1.358-2 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 358(b)(1). Section 1.358-5 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 358(h)(2). Section 1.358-5T also issued under 26 U.S.C. 358(h)(2). Section 1.358-7 also issued under Public Law 106-554, 114 Stat. 2763, 2763A-638 (2001). Section 1.362-3 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 367(b). Section 1.362-4 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 362(e)(2)(C)(ii). Section 1.367(a)-1 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 367(a). Section 1.367(a)-1T also issued under 26 U.S.C. 367(a). Section 1.367(a)-3 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 367(a). Section 1.367(a)-3T also issued under 26 U.S.C. 367(a). Section 1.367(a)-7 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 367(a), (b), (c), and 337(d). Section 1.367(a)-8 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 367(a) and (b). Section 1.367(a)-9T also issued under 26 U.S.C. 367(a) and (b). Section 1.367(b)-0 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 367(b). Section 1.367(b)-1 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 367(a) and (b). Section 1.367(b)-2 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 367(a) and (b). Sections 1.367(b)-2(c)(1) and (2) also issued under 26 U.S.C. 367(b)(1) and (2). Section 1.367(b)-2(d)(3) also issued under 26 U.S.C. 367(b)(1) and (2). Section 1.367(b)-3 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 367(a) and (b). Section 1.367(b)-3T also issued under 26 U.S.C. 367(a) and (b). Section 1.367(b)-4 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 367(a) and (b) and 954(c)(6)(A). Section 1.367(b)-4(b)(1) also issued under 26 U.S.C. 367(b). Section 1.367(b)-4(d) also issued under 26 U.S.C. 367(b)(1) and (2). Section 1.367(b)-6 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 367(b). Section 1.367(b)-7 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 367(a) and (b), 26 U.S.C. 902, and 26 U.S.C. 904. Section 1.367(b)-8 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 367(b). Section 1.367(b)-9 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 367(a) and (b), 26 U.S.C. 902, and 26 U.S.C. 904. Section 1.367(b)-10 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 367(b). Section 1.367(b)-12 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 367(a) and (b). Section 1.367(b)-13 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 367(b). Section 1.367(d)-1 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 367(d). Section 1.367(e)-1 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 367(e)(1). Section 1.367(e)-1(a) also issued under 26 U.S.C. 367(e). Section 1.367(e)-2 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 367(e)(2). Section 1.382-1 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 382(m). Section 1.382-2 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 382(k)(1), (l)(3), (m), and 26 U.S.C. 383. Section 1.382-2T also issued under 26 U.S.C. 382(g)(4)(C), (i), (k)(1) and (6), (l)(3), (m), and 26 U.S.C. 383. Section 1.382-3 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 382(g)(4)(C) and 26 U.S.C. 382(m). Section 1.382-4 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 382(l)(3) and 382(m). Section 1.382-5 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 382(m). Section 1.382-5T also issued under 26 U.S.C. 382(m). Section 1.382-6 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 382(b)(3)(A), 26 U.S.C.(d)(1), 26 U.S.C. 382(m), and 26 U.S.C.383(d). Section 1.382-7 also issued under 26 U.S.C 382(m). Section 1.382-7T also issued under 26 U.S.C. 382(m). Section 1.382-8 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 382(m). Section 1.382-9 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 382(l)(3) and (m). Section 1.382-10 also issued under 26 U.S.C 382(m). Section 1.382-10T is also issued under 26 U.S.C. 382(m). Section 1.382-12 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 382(f) and 26 U.S.C. 382(m). Section 1.383-0 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 382(m) and 26 U.S.C. 383. Section 1.383-1 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 382(m) and 26 U.S.C. 383. Section 1.383-2 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 383. Section 1.385-1 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 385. Section 1.385-3 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 385, 701, 1502, 1504(a)(5)(A), and 7701(l). Section 1.385-4 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 385 and 1502. Section 1.401-12 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 401(d)(1). Section 1.401(a)-1 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 401 Section 1.401(a)(2)-1 also issued under Multiemployer Pension Plan Amendments Act, Public Law 96-364, 410, (94 Stat. 1208, 1308)(1980). Section 1.401(a)(5)-1 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 401(a)(5). Section 1.401(a)(9)-1 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 401(a)(9). Section 1.401(a)(9)-2 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 401(a)(9). Section 1.401(a)(9)-3 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 401(a)(9). Section 1.401(a)(9)-4 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 401(a)(9). Section 1.401(a)(9)-5 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 401(a)(9). Section 1.401(a)(9)-6 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 401(a)(9). Section 1.401(a)(9)-7 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 401(a)(9). Section 1.401(a)(9)-8 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 401(a)(9). Section 1.401(a)(9)-9 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 401(a)(9). Section 1.401(a)(17)-1 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 401(a)(17). Sections 1.401(a)(26)-1 through (a)(26)-9 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 401(a)(26). Section 1.401(a)(35)-1 is also issued under 26 U.S.C. 401(a)(35). Section 1.401(a)-21 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 401 and section 104 of the Electronic Signatures in Global and National Commerce Act, Public Law 106-229 (114 Stat. 464). Section 1.401(b)-1 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 401(b). Section 1.401(k)-1 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 401(m)(9). Section 1.401(k)-3 is also issued under 26 U.S.C. 401(m)(9). Section 1.401(l)-0 through 1.401(l)-6 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 401(l). Section 1.402A-1 is also issued under 26 U.S.C. 402A Section 1.403(b)-6 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 403(b)(10). Section 1.404(k)-3 is also issued under sections 26 U.S.C. 162(k) and 404(k)(5)(A). Section 1.408-2 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 408(a) and 26 U.S.C. 408(q). Section 1.408-4 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 408. Section 1.408-8 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 408(a)(6) and (b)(3). Section 1.408-11 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 408. Section 1.408(q)-1 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 408(q). Section 1.408A-1 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 408A. Section 1.408A-2 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 408A. Section 1.408A-3 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 408A. Section 1.408A-4 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 408A. Section 1.408A-5 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 408A. Section 1.408A-6 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 408A. Section 1.408A-7 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 408A. Section 1.408A-8 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 408A. Section 1.408A-9 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 408A. Section 1.409(p)-1 is also issued under 26 U.S.C. 409(p)(7). Section 1.410(b)-2 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 410(b)(6). Section 1.410(b)-3 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 410(b)(6). Section 1.410(b)-4 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 410(b)(6). Section 1.410(b)-5 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 410(b)(6). Section 1.410(b)-6 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 410(b)(6) and section 664 of the Economic Growth and Tax Relief Reconciliation Act of 2001 (Public Law 107-16, 115 Stat. 38). Section 1.410(b)-7 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 410(b)(6). Section 1.410(b)-8 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 410(b)(6). Section 1.410(b)-9 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 410(b)(6). Section 1.410(b)-10 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 410(b)(6). Section 1.411(a)-7 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 411(a)(7)(B)(i). Section 1.411(a)(13)-1 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 411(a)(13). Section 1.411(b)(5)-1 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 411(b)(5). Section 1.411(d)-3 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 411(d)(6) and section 645(b) of the Economic Growth and Tax Relief Reconciliation Act of 2001, Public Law 107-16 (115 Stat. 38). Section 1.411(d)-4 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 411(d)(6). Section 1.411(d)-6 issued under Reorganization Plan No. 4 of 1978, 29 U.S.C. 1001nt. §§ 1.414(c)-1 through 1.414(c)-5 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 414(c). Section 1.414(c)-5 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 414(b), (c), and (o). Section 1.414(q)-1T also issued under 26 U.S.C. 414(q). Sections 1.414(r)-0 through 1.414(r)-7 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 414(r). Section 1.414(r)-8 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 410(b) and 414(r). Section 1.414(r)-9 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 401(a)(26) and 414(r). Section 1.414(r)-10 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 129 and 414(r). Section 1.414(r)-1 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 414(r). Section 1.414(s)-1 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 414(s). Section 1.414(v)-2 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 414(v)(7)(D). Section 1.417(e)-1 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 417(e)(3)(A)(ii)(II). Section 1.417(e)-1T also issued under 26 U.S.C. 417(e)(3)(A)(ii)(II). Section 1.419A(f)(6)-1 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 419A(i). Section 1.420-1 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 420(c)(3)(E). Section 1.430(j) 1 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 430(j)(4)(F). Section 1.441-2T also issued under 26 U.S.C. 441(f). Section 1.441-3T also issued under 26 U.S.C. 441. Section 1.442-2T and 1.442-3T also issued under 26 U.S.C. 422, 706, and 1378. Section 1.444-0T through 1.444-3T and Section 1.444-4 is also issued under 26 U.S.C. 444(g). Section 1.446-1 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 446 and 461(h). Section 1.446-4 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 1502. Section 1.446-6 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 446 and 26 U.S.C. 860G. Section 1.446-7 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 446. Section 1.451-3 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 451(b)(1)(A)(ii), (b)(3)(C) and 461(h). Section 1.451-8 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 451(c)(2)(A), (3), (4)(A)(iii), (4)(b)(vii), and 461(h). Section 1.453-11 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 453(j)(1) and (k). Section 1.453A-3 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 453A. Section 1.458-1 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 458. Section 1.460-1 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 460(h). Section 1.460-2 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 460(h). Section 1.460-3 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 460(h). Section 1.460-4 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 460(h) and 1502. Section 1.460-5 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 460(h). Section 1.460-6 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 460(h). Section 1.461-1 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 461(h). Section 1.461-2 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 461(h). Section 1.461-4 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 461(h). Section 1.461-4(d) also issued under 26 U.S.C. 460 and 26 U.S.C. 461(h). Section 1.461-5 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 461(h). Section 1.461-6 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 461(h). Section 1.465-8 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 465. Section 1.465-20 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 465. Section 1.465-27 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 465(b)(6)(B)(iii). Section 1.466-1 through 1.466-4 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 466. Section 1.467-1 is also issued under 26 U.S.C. 467. Section 1.467-2 is also issued under 26 U.S.C. 467. Section 1.467-3 is also issued under 26 U.S.C. 467. Section 1.467-4 is also issued under 26 U.S.C. 467. Section 1.467-5 is also issued under 26 U.S.C. 467. Section 1.467-6 is also issued under 26 U.S.C. 467. Section 1.467-7 is also issued under 26 U.S.C. 467. Section 1.467-8 is also issued under 26 U.S.C. 467. Section 1.467-9 is also issued under 26 U.S.C. 467. Section 1.468A-5 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 468A(e)(5). Section 1.468A-5T also issued under 26 U.S.C. 468A(e)(5). Section 1.468B-1 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 461(h) and 468B(g). Section 1.468B-2 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 461(h) and 468B(g). Section 1.468B-3 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 461(h) and 468B(g). Section 1.468B-4 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 461(h) and 468B(g). Section 1.468B-5 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 461(h) and 468B(g). Section 1.468B-7 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 461(h) and 468B(g). Section 1.468B-9 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 461(h) and 468B(g). Section 1.469-1 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 469. Section 1.469-1T also issued under 26 U.S.C. 469. Section 1.469-2 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 469(l). Section 1.469-2T also issued under 26 U.S.C. 469(l). Section 1.469-3 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 469(l). Section 1.469-3T also issued under 26 U.S.C. 469(l). Section 1.469-4 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 469(l). Section 1.469-5 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 469(l). Section 1.469-5T also issued under 26 U.S.C. 469(l). Section 1.469-7 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 469(l). Section 1.469-9 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 469(c)(6), (h)(2), and (l)(1). Section 1.469-11 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 469(l). Section 1.471 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 471. Section 1.471-3 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 471(a). Section 1.471-4 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 263A. Section 1.471-5 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 263A. Section 1.471-6 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 471. Section 1.472-8 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 472. Section 1.475(a)-3 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 475(e). Section 1.475(a)-4 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 475(g). Section 1.475(b)-1 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 475(b)(4) and 26 U.S.C. 475(e). Section 1.475(b)-2 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 475(b)(2) and 26 U.S.C. 475(e). Section 1.475(b)-4 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 475(b)(2), 26 U.S.C. 475(e), and 26 U.S.C. 6001. Section 1.475(c)-1 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 475(e). Section 1.475(c)-2 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 475(e) and 26 U.S.C. 860G(e). Section 1.475(d)-1 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 475(e). Section 1.475(e)-1 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 475(e). Section 1.481-1 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 481. Section 1.481-2 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 481. Section 1.481-3 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 481. Section 1.481-4 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 481. Section 1.481-5 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 481. Section 1.481-6 is also issued under 26 U.S.C. 481. Section 1.482-1 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 482 and 936. Sections 1.482-1 and 1.482-1T also issued under 26 U.S.C. 482. Section 1.482-2 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 482. Section 1.482-3 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 482. Section 1.482-4 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 482. Section 1.482-5 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 482. Section 1.482-7 is also issued under 26 U.S.C. 482. Section 1.482-9 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 482. Section 1.482-2A also issued under 26 U.S.C. 482. Section 1.482-7A also issued under 26 U.S.C. 482. Section 1.483-1 through 1.483-3 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 483(f). Section 1.483-4 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 483(f). Section 1.501(c)(29)-1 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 501(c)(29)(B)(i). Section 1.501(c)(29)-1T also issued under 26 U.S.C. 501(c)(29)(B)(i). Sections 1.504-1 and 1.504-2 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 504(b). Section 1.514(c)-2 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 514(c)(9)(E)(iii). Section 1.527-9 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 527(h)(2)(B)(i). Sections 1.529A-0 through 1.529A-8 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 529A(g). Section1.585-5 through 1.585-8 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 585(b)(3). Section1.597-1 through 1.597-7 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 597 and 1502. Section1.597-8 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 597. Section 1.642(c)-6 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 642(c)(5). Section 1.642(h)-2 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 642(h). Section 1.642(h)-5 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 642(h). Section 1.643(a)-8 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 643(a)(7). Section 1.643(f)-1 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 643(f). Section 1.643(h)-1 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 643(a)(7). Section 1.642(c)-6A also issued under 26 U.S.C. 642(c)(5). Section 1.645-1 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 645. Sections 1.663(c)-1, 1.663(c)-2, 1.663(c)-3, 1.663(c)-4, 1.663(c)-5, and 1.663(c)-6 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 663(c). Section 1.664-1 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 664(a). Section 1.664-2 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 664(a). Section 1.664-3 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 664(a). Section 1.664-4 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 664(a). Section 1.664-4A also issued under 26 U.S.C. 664(a). Section 1.671-2 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 643(a)(7) and 672(f)(6). Section 1.672(f)-1 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 643(a)(7) and 672(f)(6). Section 1.672(f)-2 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 643(a)(7) and 672(f)(3) and (6). Section 1.672(f)-3 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 643(a)(7) and 672(f)(2) and (6). Section 1.672(f)-4 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 643(a)(7) and 672(f)(4) and (6). Section 1.672(f)-5 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 643(a)(7) and 672(f)(6). Section 1.679-1 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 643(a)(7) and 679(d). Section 1.679-2 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 643(a)(7) and 679(d). Section 1.679-3 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 643(a)(7) and 679(d). Section 1.679-4 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 643(a)(7), 679(a)(3) and 679(d). Section 1.679-5 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 643(a)(7) and 679(d). Section 1.679-6 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 643(a)(7) and 679(d). Section 1.684-1 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 643(a)(7) and 684(a). Section 1.684-2 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 643(a)(7) and 684(a). Section 1.684-3 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 643(a)(7) and 684(a). Section 1.684-4 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 643(a)(7) and 684(a). Section 1.684-5 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 643(a)(7) and 684(a). Section 1.701-2 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 701 through 761. Section 1.704-3 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 704(c). Section 1.704-4 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 704(c). Section 1.705-2 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 705 and 1032. Section 1.706-1T also issued under 26 U.S.C. 706(b). Section 1.706-3 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 170(h)(7)(G). Section 1.706-3T also issued under 26 U.S.C. 444(f). Section 1.706-4 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 170(h)(7)(G). Sections 1.707-2 through 1.707-9 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 707(a)(2). Section 1.721-1 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 721. Section 1.721(c)-1 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 721(c). Section 1.721(c)-2 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 721(c). Section 1.721(c)-3 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 721(c). Section 1.721(c)-4 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 721(c). Section 1.721(c)-5 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 721(c). Section 1.721(c)-6 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 721(c). Section 1.721(c)-7 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 721(c). Section 1.731-2 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 731(c). Section 1.732-1 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 732. Section 1.732-2 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 732. Section 1.732-3 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 337(d), 732(f)(8), and 1502. Section 1.734-1 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 734. Section 1.743-1 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 743. Section 1.751-1 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 751. Section 1.752-1(a) also issued under Public Law 106-554, 114 Stat. 2763, 2763A-638 (2001). Section 1.752-6 also issued under Public Law 106-554, 114 Stat. 2763, 2763A-638 (2001). Section 1.752-7 also issued under Public Law 106-554, 114 Stat. 2763, 2763A-638 (2001). Section 1.754-1 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 754. Section 1.755-1 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 755. Section 1.755-2 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 755 and 26 U.S.C. 1060. Section 1.761-2 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 446(b), 761(a), 6031(a), 6417(d), and 6417(h). Section 1.807-2 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 817A(e). Section 1.807-3 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 807(e)(6). Section 1.809-10 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 809(b)(2) and (g)(3). Section 1.811-3 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 817A(e). Section 1.812-9 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 817A(e). Section 1.817-5 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 817(h). Section 1.817A-1 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 817A(e). Section 1.832-4 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 832(b)(5)(A). Section 1.846-1 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 846. Section 1.848-2 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 845(b) and 26 U.S.C. 848(d)(4)(B). Section 1.848-3 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 848(d)(4)(B). Sections 1.851-3 and 1.851-5 are also issued under 26 U.S.C. 851(c). Section 1.852-11 is also issued under 26 U.S.C. 852(b)(3)(C), 852(b)(8), and 852(c). Section 1.853-1 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 901(j). Section 1.853-2 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 901(j). Section 1.853-3 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 901(j). Section 1.853-4 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 901(j) and 26 U.S.C. 6011. Section 1.860A-0 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 860G(e). Section 1.860A-1 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 860G(b) and 860G(e). Section 1.860C-2 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 860C(b)(1) and 860G(e). Section 1.860D-1 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 860G(e). Section 1.860E-1 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 860E and 860G(e). Section 1.860E-2 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 860E(e). Section 1.860F-2 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 860G(e). Section 1.860F-4 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 860G(e) and 26 U.S.C. 6230(k). Section 1.860F-4T also issued under 26 U.S.C. 860G(c)(3) and (e). Section 1.860G-1 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 860G(a)(1)(B), (d)(2)(E), and (e). Section 1.860G-2 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 860G(e). Section 1.860G-3 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 860G(b) and 26 U.S.C. 860G(e). Section 1.861-2 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 863(a). Section 1.861-3 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 863(a). Section 1.861-8 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 250(c), 26 U.S.C. 864(e)(7), and 26 U.S.C. 882(c). Section 1.861-8T also issued under 26 U.S.C. 863(a), 864(e), 865(i), and 7701(f). Section 1.861-9 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 861, 863(a), 864(e), 864(e)(7), 865(i), 987, and 989(c), and 7701(f). Section 1.861-9T also issued under 26 U.S.C. 861, 863(a), 864(e), 864(e)(7), 865(i), and 7701(f). Section 1.861-10(e) also issued under 26 U.S.C. 863(a), 26 U.S.C. 864(e)(7), 26 U.S.C. 865(i), and 26 U.S.C. 7701(f). Section 1.861-10T also issued under 26 U.S.C. 863(a), 864(e), 865(i), and 7701(f). Section 1.861-11 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 863(a), 26 U.S.C. 864(e)(7), 26 U.S.C. 865(i), and 26 U.S.C. 7701(f). Section 1.861-11T also issued under 26 U.S.C. 863(a), 864(e), 865(i), and 7701(f). Section 1.861-12 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 864(e)(7). Section 1.861-12T also issued under 26 U.S.C. 863(a), 864(e), 865(i), and 7701(f). Section 1.861-13 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 864(e)(7). Section 1.861-13T also issued under 26 U.S.C. 863(a), 864(e), 865(i), and 7701(f). Section 1.861-14 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 864(e)(7). Section 1.861-14T also issued under 26 U.S.C. 863(a), 864(e), 865(i), and 7701(f). Section 1.861-17 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 864(e)(7). Section 1.863-1 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 863(a). Section 1.863-2 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 863. Section 1.863-3 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 863(a) and (b), and 26 U.S.C. 936(h). Section 1.863-4 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 863. Section 1.863-6 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 863. Section 1.863-7 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 863(a) and 871(m). Section 1.863-8 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 863(a), (b) and (d). Section 1.863-9 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 863(a), (d) and (e). Section 1.864-5 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 7701(l). Section 1.864-8T also issued under 26 U.S.C. 864(d)(8). Section 1.864(c)(8)-1 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 864(c)(8) and 897(g). Section 1.864(c)(8)-2 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 864(c)(8)(E), 6001 and 6031(b). Section 1.865-1 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 863(a) and 865(j)(1). Section 1.865-2 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 863(a) and 865(j)(1). Section 1.865-3 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 865(j). Section 1.871-1 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 7701(l). Section 1.871-7 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 7701(l). Section 1.871-9 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 7701(b)(11). Sections 1.871-15 and 1.871-15T also issued under 26 U.S.C. 871(m). Section 1.874-1 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 874. Section 1.881-2 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 7701(l). Section 1.881-3 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 7701(l). Section 1.881-4 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 7701(l). Section 1.882-4 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 882(c). Section 1.882-5 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 882(c), 26 U.S.C. 864(e), 26 U.S.C. 988(d), and 26 U.S.C. 7701(l). Section 1.883-1 is also issued under 26 U.S.C. 883. Section 1.883-2 is also issued under 26 U.S.C. 883. Section 1.883-3 is also issued under 26 U.S.C. 883. Section 1.883-4 is also issued under 26 U.S.C. 883. Section 1.883-5 is also issued under 26 U.S.C. 883. Section 1.884-0 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 884 (g). Section 1.884-1 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 884. Section 1.884-1 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 884 (g). Section 1.884-1 (d) also issued under 26 U.S.C. 884 (c) (2) (A). Section 1.884-1 (d) (13) (i) also issued under 26 U.S.C. 884 (c) (2). Section 1.884-1 (e) also issued under 26 U.S.C. 884 (c) (2) (B). Section 1.884-2 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 884(g). Section 1.884-2T also issued under 26 U.S.C. 884 (g). Section 1.884-4 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 884 (g). Section 1.884-5 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 884 (g). Section 1.884-5 (e) and (f) also issued under 26 U.S.C. 884 (e) (4) (C). Section 1.892-1T also issued under 26 U.S.C. 892(c). Section 1.892-2T also issued under 26 U.S.C. 892(c). Section 1.892-3 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 892(c). Section 1.892-3T also issued under 26 U.S.C. 892(c). Section 1.892-4 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 892(c). Section 1.892-4T also issued under 26 U.S.C. 892(c). Section 1.892-5 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 892(c). Section 1.892-5T also issued under 26 U.S.C. 892(c). Section 1.892-6T also issued under 26 U.S.C. 892(c). Section 1.892-7T also issued under 26 U.S.C. 892(c). Section 1.894-1 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 894 and 7701(l). Section 1.897-1 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 897 and 897(l)(3). Section 1.897-2 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 897. Sections 1.897-5T, 1.897-6T and 1.897-7T also issued under 26 U.S.C. 897 (d), (e), (g) and (j) and 26 U.S.C. 367(e)(2). Section 1.897-7 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 897(g). Section 1.897(l)-1 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 897(l). Section 1.901(j)-1 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 901(j)(4). Sections 1.901(m)-1 through 1.901-8 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 901(m)(7). Section 1.901(m)-5 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 901(m)(3)(B)(ii). Sections 1.902-1 and 902-2 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 902(c)(7). Section 1.904-1 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 904(d)(7). Section 1.904-2 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 904(d)(7). Section 1.904-3 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 904(d)(7). Section 1.904-4 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 250(c), 26 U.S.C. 865(j), 26. U.S.C. 904(d)(2)(J)(i), 26 U.S.C. 904(d)(6)(C), 26 U.S.C. 904(d)(7), and 26 U.S.C. 951A(f)(1)(B). Section 1.904-5 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 904(d)(7) and 26 U.S.C. 951A(f)(1)(B). Section 1.904-6 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 904(d)(7). Section 1.904-7 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 904(d)(6). Section 1.904(b)-1 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 1(h)(11)(C)(iv) and 904(b)(2)(C). Section 1.904(b)-2 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 1(h)(11)(C)(iv) and 904(b)(2)(C). Section 1.904(f)-(2) also issued under 26 U.S.C. 904 (f)(3)(b). Section 1.904(g)-3 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 904(g)(4). Section 1.904(g)-3T also issued under 26 U.S.C. 904(g)(4). Section 1.904(i)-1 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 904(i). Section 1.905-3 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 989(c)(4). Sections 1.905-3T and 1.905-4T also issued under 26 U.S.C. 989(c)(4). Section 1.905-4 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 989(c)(4), 26 U.S.C. 6227(d), 26 U.S.C. 6241(11), and 26 U.S.C. 6689(a). Section 1.907(b)-1 is also issued under 26 U.S.C. 907(b). Section 1.907(b)-1T also issued under 26 U.S.C. 907(b). Sections 1.909-1 through 1.906-6 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 909(e). Section 1.911-7 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 911(d)(9). Section 1.931-1 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 7654(e). Section 1.932-1 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 7654(e). Section 1.934-1 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 934(b)(4). Section 1.935-1 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 7654(e). Section 1.936-4 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 936(h). Section 1.936-5 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 936(h). Section 1.936-6 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 863(a) and (b), and 26 U.S.C. 936(h). Section 1.936-7 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 936(h). Section 1.936-11 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 936(j). Section 1.937-1 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 937(a). Section 1.937-1T also issued under 26 U.S.C. 937(a). Section 1.937-2 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 937(b). Section 1.937-3 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 937(b). Section 1.951-1 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 7701(a). Section 1.951A-2 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 882(c)(1)(A) and 954(b)(5). Section 1.951A-3 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 951A(d)(4). Section 1.951A-5 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 951A(f)(1)(B). Section 1.952-11T is also issued under 26 U.S.C. 852(b)(3)(C), 852(b)(8), and 852(c). Section 1.953-2 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 7701(b)(11). Section 1.954-0 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 954 (b) and (c). Section 1.954-1 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 954 (b) and (c). Section 1.954-2 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 954 (b) and (c). Section 1.956-1 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 245A(g), 956(d), and 956(e). Section 1.956-1T also issued under 26 U.S.C. 956(d) and 956(e). Section 1.956-2 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 956(d) and 956(e). Section 1.956-3 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 864(d)(8) and 956(e). Section 1.956-4 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 956(d) and 956(e). Section 1.957-1 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 957. Section 1.957-3 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 957(c). Section 1.960-1 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 960(f). Section 1.960-2 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 960(f). Section 1.960-3 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 960(f). Section 1.960-4 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 951A(f)(1)(B) and 26 U.S.C. 960(f). Section 1.962-1 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 965(o). Section 1.965-1 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 965(c)(3)(B)(iii)(V), 965(d)(2), 965(o), 989(c), and 7701(a). Section 1.965-2 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 965(b)(3)(A)(ii), 965(o), and 961(a) and (b). Section 1.965-3 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 965(c)(3)(D) and 965(o). Section 1.965-4 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 965(c)(3)(F) and 965(o). Sections 1.965-5 through 1.965-6 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 965(o) and 26 U.S.C. 902(c)(8) (as in effect on December 21, 2017). Section 1.965-7 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 965(h)(3), 965(h)(5), 965(i)(2), 965(i)(8)(B), 965(m)(2)(A), 965(n)(3), and 965(o). Section 1.965-8 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 965(o). Section 1.965-9 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 965(o). Section 1.985-0 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 985. Section 1.985-1 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 985. Section 1.985-2 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 985. Section 1.985-3 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 985. Section 1.985-4 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 985. Section 1.985-5 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 985, 987, and 989. Section 1.986(a)-1 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 986(a)(1)(C) and 26 U.S.C. 986(a)(1)(D)(ii). Section 1.986(c)-1 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 965(o) and 26 U.S.C. 989(c). Section 1.987-1 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 987, 989, and 1502. Section 1.987-2 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 987, 989, and 1502. Section 1.987-3 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 987 and 989. Section 1.987-4 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 987 and 989. Section 1.987-5 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 987 and 989. Section 1.987-6 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 904, 987, and 989. Section 1.987-7 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 987 and 989. Section 1.987-8 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 987 and 989. Section 1.987-9 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 987, 989, and 6001. Section 1.987-10 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 987, 989, and 6001. Section 1.987-11 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 987, 989, and 1502. Section 1.987-12 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 987 and 989. Section 1.987-13 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 987 and 989. Section 1.987-14 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 987 and 989. Section 1.987-15 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 987 and 989. Section 1.988-0 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 988. Section 1.988-1 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 988 and 989. Section 1.988-2 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 988. Section 1.988-3 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 988. Section 1.988-4 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 988 and 989. Section 1.988-5 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 988. Sections 1.989(a)-0T and 1.989(a)-1T also issued under 26 U.S.C. 989(c). Section 1.989(a)-1 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 989. Section 1.989(b)-1 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 989(b). Section 1.989-1(c) also issued under 26 U.S.C. 989(c). Section 1.1001-6 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 148(i), 26 U.S.C. 988(d), 26 U.S.C. 1275(d), and 26 U.S.C. 7701(l). Section 1.1014-1 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 1014(f). Section 1.1014-2 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 1014(f). Section 1.1014-10 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 1014(f). Section 1.1036-1 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 351(g)(4). Section 1.1059(e)-1 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 1059 (e)(1) and (e)(2). Section 1.1060-1 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 1060. Section 1.1061-0 added under 26 U.S.C. 1061(f). Section 1.1061-1 added under 26 U.S.C. 1061(f). Section 1.1061-2 added under 26 U.S.C. 1061(f). Section 1.1061-3 added under 26 U.S.C. 1(h)(9) and 1061(f). Section 1.1061-4 added under 26 U.S.C. 1061(f). Section 1.1061-5 added under 26 U.S.C. 1061(f). Section 1.1061-6 added under 26 U.S.C. 1061(f). Sections 1.1092(b)-1T and 1.1092(b)-2T also issued under 26 U.S.C. 1092 (b)(1). Section 1.1092(b)-4T also issued under 26 U.S.C. 1092(b)(2). Section 1.1092(b)-6 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 1092(b)(1). Section 1.1092(b)-6 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 1092(b)(2). Section 1.1092(c)-1 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 1092(c)(4)(H). Section 1.1092(c)-2 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 1092(c)(4)(H). Section 1.1092(c)-3 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 1092(c)(4)(H). Section 1.1092(c)-4 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 1092(c)(4)(H). Section 1.1092(d)-1 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 1092(b)(1). Section 1.1092(d)-2 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 1092(d)(3)(B). Section 1.1202-2 is also issued under 26 U.S.C. 1202(k). Section 1.1221-2 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 1221(b)(2)(A)(iii), (b)(2)(B), and (b)(3); 1502 and 6001. Section 1.1244(e)-1 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 1244(e). Section 1.1248-8 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 1248(a) and (c)(1) and (2). Section 1.1254-1 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 1254(b). Section 1.1254-2 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 1254(b). Section 1.1254-3 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 1254(b). Section 1.1254-4 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 1254(b). Section 1.1254-5 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 1254(b). Section 1.1254-6 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 1254(b). Section 1.1271-1 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 1275(d). Section 1.1272-1 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 1275(d). Section 1.1272-2 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 1275(d). Section 1.1272-3 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 1275(d). Section 1.1273-1 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 1275(d). Section 1.1273-2 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 1275(d). Section 1.1274-1 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 1275(d). Section 1.1274-2 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 1275(d). Section 1.1274-3 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 1275(d). Section 1.1274-4 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 1275(d). Section 1.1274-5 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 1275(d). Section 1.1274A-1 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 1274A(e) and 26 U.S.C. 1275(d). Section 1.1275-1 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 1275(d). Section 1.1275-2 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 1275(d). Section 1.1275-3 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 1275(d). Section 1.1275-4 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 1275(d). Section 1.1275-5 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 1275(d). Section 1.1275-6 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 1275(d). Section 1.1275-7 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 1275(d). Section 1.1286-1 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 1275(D) and 1286(f). Section 1.1286-2 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 1286(f). Section 1.1287-1 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 165 (j)(3). Section 1.1291-1 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 1291. Section 1.1291-1 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 1298(a) and (g). Section 1.1291-9, also issued under 26 U.S.C. 1298(a) and (g). Section 1.1298-1 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 1298(f). Section 1.1291-9 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 1291(d)(2). Section 1.1291-10 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 1291(d)(2). Section 1.1293-1 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 1293. Section 1.1294-1T also issued under 26 U.S.C. 1294. Section 1.1295-1 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 1295. Section 1.1295-3 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 1295. Section 1.1296-1 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 1296(g) and 26 U.S.C. 1298(f). Section 1.1296(e)-1 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 1296(e). Section 1.1297-1 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 1298(g). Section 1.1297-2 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 1298(g). Section 1.1297-3T also issued under 26 U.S.C. 1297(b)(1). Section 1.1297-4 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 1297(b)(2)(B) and 1298(g). Section 1.1297-5 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 1297(b)(2)(B) and 1298(g). Section 1.1297-6 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 1297(b)(2)(B) and 1298(g). Section 1.1298-1T also issued under 26 U.S.C. 1298(f) and (g). Section 1.1298-2 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 1298(b)(3) and (g). Section 1.1298-4 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 1298(g). Section 1.1301-1 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 1301(c). Section 1.1301-1T also issued under 26 U.S.C. 1301(c). Section 1.1361-1(j) (6), (10) and (11) also issued under 26 U.S.C. 1361(d)(2)(B)(iii). Section 1.1361-1(l) also issued under 26 U.S.C. 1361(c)(5)(C). Sections 1.1362-1, 1.1362-2, 1.1362-3, 1.1362-4, 1.1362-5, 1.1362-6, 1.1362-7, and 1.1363-1 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 1377. Section 1.1363-2 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 337(d). Section 1.1368-1(f) and (g) also issued under 26 U.S.C. 1377(c). Section 1.1368-2(b) also issued under 26 U.S.C. 1368(c). Section 1.1374-1 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 1374(e) and 337(d). Section 1.1374-2 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 1374(e) and 337(d). Section 1.1374-3 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 1374(e) and 337(d). Section 1.1374-4 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 1374(e) and 337(d). Section 1.1374-5 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 1374(e) and 337(d). Section 1.1374-6 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 1374(e) and 337(d). Section 1.1374-7 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 1374(e) and 337(d). Section 1.1374-8 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 337(d) and 1374(e). Section 1.1374-8 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 1374(e) and 337(d). Section 1.1374-8T also issued under 26 U.S.C. 337(d) and 1374(e). Section 1.1374-9 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 1374(e) and 337(d). Section 1.1374-10 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 337(d) and 1374(e). Section 1.1374-10 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 1374(e) and 337(d). Section 1.1374-10T also issued under 26 U.S.C. 337(d) and 1374(e). Section 1.1377-1 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 1377(a)(2) and (c). Section 1.1394-1 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 1397D. Section 1.1396-1 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 1397D. Section 1.1397E-1 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 1397E. Section 1.1400Z2(a)-1 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 1400Z-2(e)(4). Section 1.1400Z2(b)-1 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 1400Z-2(e)(4). Section 1.1400Z2(c)-1 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 1400Z-2(e)(4). Section 1.1400Z2(d)-1 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 1400Z-2(e)(4). Section 1.1400Z2(d)-2 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 1400Z-2(e)(4). Section 1.1400Z2(f)-1 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 1400Z-2(e)(4). Section 1.1402 (e)-5T also is issued under 26 U.S.C. 1402(e)(1) and (2). Section 1.1411-10 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 367. Section 1.1441-2 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 1441(c)(4) and 26 U.S.C. 3401(a)(6). Section 1.1441-3 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 1441(c)(4), 26 U.S.C. 3401(a)(6) and 26 U.S.C. 7701(l). Section 1.1441-4 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 1441(c)(4) and 26 U.S.C. 3401(a)(6). Section 1.1441-5 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 1441(c)(4), 26 U.S.C. 3401(a)(6) and 26 U.S.C. 7701(b)(11). Section 1.1441-6 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 1441(c)(4) and 26 U.S.C. 3401(a)(6). Section 1.1441-7 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 1441(c)(4), 26 U.S.C. 3401(a)(6) and 26 U.S.C. 7701(l). Section 1.1443-1 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 1443(a). Section 1.1445-2 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 1445. Section 1.1445-5 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 1445(e)(7). Section 1.1445-8 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 1445(e)(7). Section 1.1446-3 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 1446(g). Section 1.1446-4 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 1446(g). Section 1.1446(f)-1 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 1446(f)(6) and 1446(g). Section 1.1446(f)-2 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 1446(f)(6) and 1446(g). Section 1.1446(f)-3 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 1446(f)(6) and 1446(g). Section 1.1446(f)-4 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 1446(f)(6) and 1446(g). Section 1.1446(f)-5 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 1446(f)(6) and 1446(g). Section 1.1461-1 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 1441(c)(4) and 26 U.S.C. 3401(a)(6). Section 1.1461-2 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 1441(c)(4) and 26 U.S.C. 3401(a)(6). Section 1.1462-1 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 1441(c)(4) and 26 U.S.C. 3401(a)(6). Section 1.1471-1 is also issued under 26 U.S.C. 1471 Section 1.1471-2 is also issued under 26 U.S.C. 1471 Section 1.1471-3 is also issued under 26 U.S.C. 1471 Section 1.1471-4 is also issued under 26 U.S.C. 1471 Section 1.1471-5 is also issued under 26 U.S.C. 1471 Section 1.1471-6 is also issued under 26 U.S.C. 1471 Section 1.1472-1 is also issued under 26 U.S.C. 1472 Section 1.1473-1 is also issued under 26 U.S.C. 1473 Section 1.1474-1 is also issued under 26 U.S.C. 1474 Section 1.1474-2 is also issued under 26 U.S.C. 1474 Section 1.1474-3 is also issued under 26 U.S.C. 1474 Section 1.1474-4 is also issued under 26 U.S.C. 1474 Section 1.1474-5 is also issued under 26 U.S.C. 1474 Section 1.1474-6 is also issued under 26 U.S.C. 1474 Section 1.1474-7 is also issued under 26 U.S.C. 1474 Section 1.1502-0 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 1502. Section 1.1502-1 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 1502. Section 1.1502-2 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 1502. Section 1.1502-3 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 1502. Section 1.1502-4 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 1502. Section 1.1502-9 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 1502. Section 1.1502-11 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 1502. Section 1.1502-12 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 250(c) and 1502. Section 1.1502-13 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 250(c), 987, 989, and 1502. Section 1.1502-14Z also issued under 26 U.S.C. 1400Z-2(e)(4) and 1502. Section 1.1502-15 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 1502. Section 1.1502-17 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 446 and 1502. Section 1.1502-18 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 1502. Section 1.1502-19 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 301, 1502, and 1503. Section 1.1502-20 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 337(d) and 1502. Section 1.1502-20T also issued under 26 U.S.C. 337(d) and 1502. Section 1.1502-21 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 1502 and 6402(i). Section 1.1502-21(b)(1) and (b)(3)(v) also issued under 26 U.S.C. 1502. Section 1.1502-21T also issued under 26 U.S.C. 1502. Section 1.1502-21T(b)(1) and (b)(3)(v) also issued under 26 U.S.C. 1502. Section 1.1502-22 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 1502. Section 1.1502-23 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 1502. Section 1.1502-26 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 1502. Section 1.1502-28 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 1502. Section 1.1502-30 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 1502. Section 1.1502-31 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 1502. Section 1.1502-32 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 301, 1502, and 1503. Section 1.1502-32 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 1502. Section 1.1502-32(a)(2), (b)(3)(iii)(C), (b)(3)(iii)(D), and (b)(4)(vi) also issued under 26 U.S.C. 1502. Section 1.1502-32T also issued under 26 U.S.C. 1502. Section 1.1502-33 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 1502. Section 1.1502-34 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 1502. Section 1.1502-35 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 1502. Section 1.1502-35T also issued under 26 U.S.C. 1502. Section 1.1502-36 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 1502. Section 1.1502-36 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 337(d). Section 1.1502-43 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 1502. Section 1.1502-47 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 1502, 1503(c) and 1504(c). Section 1.1502-50 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 250(c) and 1502. Section 1.1502-51 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 1502. Section 1.1502-55 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 1502. Section 1.1502-59A also issued under 26 U.S.C. 1502. Section 1.1502-68 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 1502. Section 1.1502-75 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 1502. Section 1.1502-76 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 1502. Section 1.1502-77 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 1502 and 6402(j). Section 1.1502-78 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 1502, 6402(j), and 6411(c). Section 1.1502-79 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 1502. Section 1.1502-80 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 1502. Section 1.1502-81T also issued under 26 U.S.C. 1502. Section 1.1502-90 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 382(m) and 26 U.S.C. 1502. Section 1.1502-91 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 382(m) and 26 U.S.C. 1502. Section 1.1502-92 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 382(m) and 26 U.S.C. 1502. Section 1.1502-93 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 382(m) and 26 U.S.C. 1502. Section 1.1502-94 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 382(m) and 26 U.S.C. 1502. Section 1.1502-95 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 382(m) and 26 U.S.C. 1502. Section 1.1502-96 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 382(m) and 26 U.S.C. 1502. Section 1.1502-98 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 382(m) and 26 U.S.C. 1502. Section 1.1502-99 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 382(m) and 26 U.S.C. 1502. Section 1.1502-100 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 1502. Sections 1.1503(d)-1 through 8 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 953(d), 1502, 1503(d) and (d)(2)(B), (d)(3), and (d)(4), and 7701. Section 1.1503-2T also issued under 26 U.S.C. 1503(d). Section 1.1504-3 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 1400Z-2(e)(4) and 1504(a)(5). Section 1.1504-4 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 1504(a)(5). Section 1.1502-77A also issued under 26 U.S.C. 1502 and 6402(j). Section 1.1502-77B also issued under 26 U.S.C. 1502 and 6402(j). Section 1.1561-2 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 1561. Section 1.5000A-3 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 5000A(e)(4). Section 1.5000C-1 is also issued under 26 U.S.C. 5000C Section 1.5000C-2 is also issued under 26 U.S.C. 5000C Section 1.5000C-3 is also issued under 26 U.S.C. 5000C Section 1.5000C-4 is also issued under 26 U.S.C. 5000C Section 1.5000C-5 is also issued under 26 U.S.C. 5000C Section 1.5000C-6 is also issued under 26 U.S.C. 5000C Section 1.6011-4T also issued under 26 U.S.C. 6001 and 6011(a). Section 1.6011-4T also issued under 26 U.S.C. 6011. Section 1.6011-6 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 6011(a). Section 1.6011-7 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 6011(e). Section 1.6011-9 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 6001 and 6011. Section 1.6011-10 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 6001 and 6011. Section 1.6011-11 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 6001 and 6011. Section 1.6011-15 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 6001 and 26 U.S.C. 6011. Section 1.6011-18 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 6001 and 26 U.S.C. 6011. Section 1.6012-2 is also issued under the authority of 26 U.S.C. 6011 and 6012. Section 1.6013-6 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 7701(b)(11). Section 1.6015-1 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 6015(h). Section 1.6015-2 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 6015(h). Section 1.6015-3 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 6015(h). Section 1.6015-4 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 6015(h). Section 1.6015-5 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 6015(h). Section 1.6015-6 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 6015(h). Section 1.6015-7 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 6015(h). Section 1.6015-8 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 6015(h). Section 1.6015-9 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 6015(h). Section 1.6031(a)-1 also issued under section 404 of the Tax Equity and Fiscal Responsibility Act of 1982 (Public Law 97-248; 96 Stat. 324, 669) (TEFRA). Section 1.6033-4 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 6033. Section 1.6033-6 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 6033(i)(1). Section 1.6035-1 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 6035. Section 1.6035-2 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 6035(b). Section 1.6035-2T also issued under 26 U.S.C. 6035. Section 1.6037-2 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 6037. Section 1.6038-2 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 6038. Section 1.6038-2T also issued under 26 U.S.C. 6038(d). Section 1.6038-3 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 6038. Section 1.6038-4 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 6001, 6011, 6012, 6031, and 6038. Section 1.6038-5 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 6038. Section 1.6038A-1 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 6001. Section 1.6038A-2 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 6038A and 6038C. Section 1.6038A-3 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 6038A and 7701(l). Section 1.6038A-4 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 6038A. Section 1.6038A-5 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 6038A. Section 1.6038A-6 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 6038A. Section 1.6038A-7 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 6038A. Section 1.6038B-1 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 6038B. Section 1.6038B-1T also issued under 26 U.S.C 6038B. Section 1.6038B-2 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 6038B. Section 1.6038B-2T also issued under 26 U.S.C. 6038B. Section 1.6038D-0 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 6038D. Section 1.6038D-1 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 6038D. Section 1.6038D-2 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 6038D. Section 1.6038D-3 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 6038D. Section 1.6038D-4 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 6038D. Section 1.6038D-5 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 6038D. Section 1.6038D-6 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 6038D. Section 1.6038D-7 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 6038D. Section 1.6038D-8 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 6038D. Section 1.6039I-1 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 6039I. Section 1.6041-1 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 6041(a). Section 1.6041-2 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 6041(d). Section 1.6041-3 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 62 and 6041(a). Section 1.6042-3 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 6045. Section 1.6043-4 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 6043(c). Section 1.6045-1 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 6045. Section 1.6045-1 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 6045(a). Section 1.6045-1T also issued under 26 U.S.C. 6045(g). Section 1.6045-2 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 6045. Section 1.6045-3 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 6045. Section 1.6045-4 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 6045. Section 1.6045A-1 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 6045A(a), (b), (c). Section 1.6045B-1 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 6045B(a), (c), (e). Section 1.6046-1 also issued 26 U.S.C. 6046(b). Section 1.6046A-1 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 6046A. Section 1.6047-2 is also issued under 26 U.S.C. 6047(d). Section 1.6049-4 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 6049 (a), (b), and (d). Section 1.6049-5 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 6049 (a), (b), and (d). Section 1.6049-5T also issued under 26 U.S.C. 6049. Section 1.6049-6 also issued under 6049(a), (b), and (d). Section 1.6049-7 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 860G(e), 1275(c) and 26 U.S.C. 6049(d)(7)(D). Section 1.6049-9 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 6049(a). Section 1.6049-10 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 6049(a). Section 1.6050E-1 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 6050E. Section 1.6050H-1 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 6050H. Section 1.6050H-2 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 6050H. Section 1.6050H-3 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 6050H(h). Section 1.6050I-1 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 6050I. Section 1.6050I-2 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 6050I. Section 1.6050K-1 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 6050K(a). Section 1.6050M-1 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 6050M. Section 1.6050P-1 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 6050P. Section 1.6050P-2 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 6050P. Section 1.6050S-1 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 6050S(g). Section 1.6050S-2 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 6050S(g). Section 1.6050S-3 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 6050S(g). Section 1.6050S-4 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 6050S(g). Section 1.6050X-1 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 6050X(a), (b). Section 1.6050Y-2 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 6050Y(a). Section 1.6050Y-3 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 6050Y(b). Section 1.6050Y-4 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 6050Y(c). Sections 1.6055-1 and 1.6055-2 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 6055. Section 1.6060-1 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 6060(a). Section 1.6061-2T also issued under 26 U.S.C. 6061. Section 1.6065-2T also issued under 26 U.S.C. 6065. Section 1.6081-1 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 6081. Section 1.6081-2 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 6081. Section 1.6081-2T also issued under 26 U.S.C. 6081. Section 1.6081-3 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 6081. Section 1.6081-4 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 6081. Section 1.6081-5 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 6081. Section 1.6081-6 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 6081. Section 1.6081-6T also issued under 26 U.S.C. 6081. Section 1.6081-7 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 6081. Section 1.6081-8 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 6081(a). Section 1.6081-9 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 6081(a). Section 1.6081-10 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 6081. Section 1.6081-11 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 6081. Section 1.6109-2 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 6109(a). Sections 1.6302-1, 1.6302-2, 1.6302-3 and 1.6302-4 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 6302(h). Section 1.6411-4 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 6402(i) and 6411(c). Section 1.6417-0 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 6417(h). Section 1.6417-1 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 6417(h). Section 1.6417-2 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 6417(h). Section 1.6417-3 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 6417(h). Section 1.6417-4 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 6417(h). Section 1.6417-5 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 6417(h). Section 1.6417-6 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 6417(h). Section 1.6418-1 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 6418(g) and (h). Section 1.6418-2 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 6418(g) and (h). Section 1.6418-3 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 6418(g) and (h). Section 1.6418-4 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 6418(g) and (h). Section 1.6418-5 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 48(a)(10)(C) and 6418(g) and (h). Section 1.6418-4T also issued under 26 U.S.C. 6418(g)(1) and (h). Section 1.6654-2 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 6654(n). Section 1.6655-5 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 6655(i)(2). Section 1.6662-6 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 6662. Section 1.6695-1 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 6060(b) and 6695(b). Section 1.6695-1 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 6695(b). Section 1.6695-2 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 6695(g). Section 1.6695-2T also issued under 26 U.S.C. 6695(g). Section 1.6851-2 also issued under 26 U.S.C 6851(d). Section 1.7520-1 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 7520(c)(2). Section 1.7520-1T also issued under 26 U.S.C. 7520(c)(2). Section 1.7520-2 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 7520(c)(2). Section 1.7520-3 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 7520(c)(2). Section 1.7520-4 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 7520(c)(2). Section 1.7701(l)-1 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 7701(l). Section 1.7701(l)-3 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 7701(l). Section 1.7701(l)-4 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 7701(l) and 954(c)(6)(A). Section 1.7702-2 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 7702(k). Section 1.7872-5(b)(17) also issued under 26 U.S.C. 7872. Section 1.7872-5T also issued under 26 U.S.C. 7872. Section 1.7872-15 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 1275 and 7872. Section 1.7874-1 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 7874(c)(6) and (g). Section 1.7874-1T also issued under 26 U.S.C. 7874(c)(6) and (g). Section 1.7874-2 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 7874(c)(6) and (g). Section 1.7874-3 is also issued under 26 U.S.C. 7874(c)(6) and (g). Section 1.7874-4 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 7874(c)(6) and (g). Section 1.7874-4T also issued under 26 U.S.C. 7874(c)(6) and (g). Section 1.7874-5 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 7874(c)(6) and (g). Section 1.7874-5T also issued under 26 U.S.C. 7874(c)(6) and (g). Section 1.7874-6 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 7874(c)(6) and (g). Section 1.7874-7 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 7874(c)(6) and (g). Section 1.7874-8 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 7874(c)(6) and (g). Section 1.7874-9 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 7874(c)(6) and (g). Section 1.7874-10 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 7874(c)(4) and (g). Section 1.7874-11 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 7874(g). Section 1.7874-12 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 7874(g).

Source

Source: T.D. 6500, 25 FR 11402, Nov. 26, 1960; 25 FR 14021, Dec. 21, 1960; T.D. 9989, 89 FR 17606, Mar. 11, 2024, unless otherwise noted.

Source

Source: T.D. 6500, 25 FR 11402, Nov. 26, 1960; 25 FR 14021, Dec. 21, 1960, unless otherwise noted.

Source

Source: T.D. 6500, 25 FR 11402, Nov. 26, 1960; 25 FR 14021, Dec. 31, 1960, T.D. 9381, 73 FR 8604, Feb. 15, 2008, unless otherwise noted.

Source

Source: T.D. 6500, 25 FR 11607, Nov. 26, 1960; 25 FR 14021, Dec. 31, 1960, unless otherwise noted.

Source

Source: T.D. 6500, 25 FR 11737, Nov. 26, 1960; 25 FR 14021, Dec. 31, 1960, unless otherwise noted.

Source

Source: T.D. 6500, 25 FR 11814, Nov. 26, 1960; 25 FR 14021, Dec. 31, 1960, unless otherwise noted.

Source

Source: T.D. 6500, 25 FR 11910, Nov. 26, 1960; 25 FR 14021, Dec. 31, 1960, unless otherwise noted.

Source

Source: Sections 1.1401-1 through 1.1403-1 contained in T.D. 6691, 28 FR 12796, Dec. 3, 1963, unless otherwise noted.

Source

Source: Sections 1.1401-1 through 1.1403-1 contained in T.D. 6691, 28 FR 12796, Dec. 3, 1963, unless otherwise noted. RELATED RULES

Amendments

[T.D. 9169, 69 FR 78154, Dec. 29, 2004]

Amendments

[T.D. 10016, 89 FR 100165, Dec. 11, 2024; 90 FR 5607, Jan. 17, 2025]

§1.987-1T. Scope, definitions, and special rules (temporary).

26 C.F.R. § 1.987-1T

(a)

through (b)(1)(ii) [Reserved] For further guidance, see § 1.987-1(a) through (b)(1)(ii).

(iii)

Certain provisions applicable to all taxpayers. Notwithstanding § 1.987-1(b)(1)(ii), paragraphs (b)(6) and (g)(3)(i)(E) of this section and § 1.987-6T(b)(4) apply to any taxpayer that is an owner of a dollar QBU (as defined in paragraph (b)(6) of this section), and paragraphs (g)(2)(i)(B) and (g)(3)(i)(H) of this section and §§ 1.987-8T(d) and 1.987-12T apply to any taxpayer that is an owner of an eligible QBU (determined without regard to § 1.987-1(b)(3)(ii)) that is subject to section 987.

(b)

(2)

through (b)(5) [Reserved] For further guidance, see § 1.987-1(b)(2) through (b)(5).

(6)

Dollar QBUs—

(i)

In general. Except as provided in paragraphs (b)(1)(iii) and (b)(6)(iii) of this section, section 987 and the regulations thereunder do not apply with respect to an eligible QBU (determined without regard to § 1.987-1(b)(3)(ii)) that has the U.S. dollar as its functional currency and that would be subject to section 987 if it had a functional currency other than the dollar (dollar QBU). This paragraph (b)(6) applies to all taxpayers, including entities described in § 1.987-1(b)(1)(ii).

(ii)

Application of section 988 to a dollar QBU—

(A)

In general. Except as provided in paragraphs (b)(6)(ii)(B) and (b)(6)(iii) of this section, a controlled foreign corporation (as defined in section 957(a)) (CFC) that is the owner of a dollar QBU applies section 988 with respect to any item that is properly reflected on the books and records of the dollar QBU and that would give rise to a section 988 transaction if such item were acquired, accrued, or entered into directly by the owner of the dollar QBU. Except as provided in paragraph (b)(6)(ii)(B) of this section, for purposes of determining the amount of section 988 gain or loss of the CFC, any item that is properly reflected on the books and records of the dollar QBU and that would give rise to a section 988 transaction if such item were acquired, accrued, or entered into directly by the owner of the dollar QBU is treated as properly reflected on the books and records of the owner of the dollar QBU, such that the amount of section 988 gain or loss with respect to such item is determined by reference to the owner's functional currency.

(B)

Section 988 gain or loss characterized as effectively connected income. Solely for the purpose of determining the amount of section 988 gain or loss of a CFC described in paragraph (b)(6)(ii)(A) of this section that is effectively connected with the conduct of a trade or business within the United States (ECI), any section 988 gain or loss that would be determined under section 988 as a result of the acquisition or accrual of any item and treated as ECI under § 1.988-4(c) if the item were treated as properly reflected on the books and records of the dollar QBU is determined by treating such item as properly reflected on the books and records of the dollar QBU. Consequently, solely for that purpose, such section 988 gain or loss is determined by reference to the U.S. dollar.

(iii)

Election for a CFC to apply section 987 to a dollar QBU—

(A)

In general. A CFC that is the owner of a dollar QBU may elect to apply section 987 and the regulations thereunder with respect to the dollar QBU in lieu of applying section 988 pursuant to paragraph (b)(6)(ii) of this section. If the dollar QBU or CFC is described in § 1.987-1(b)(1)(ii), however, the CFC must apply section 987 to the dollar QBU using the method it applied to the dollar QBU immediately prior to the effective date of this paragraph (b)(6) as provided in paragraph (h) of this section, provided such method was a reasonable interpretation of section 987, or, if no such method exists, a reasonable method.

(B)

Section 988 gain or loss characterized as effectively connected income. Solely for the purpose of determining the amount of section 988 gain or loss of a dollar QBU that is the subject of an election described in paragraph (b)(6)(iii)(A) of this section that is ECI, § 1.987-3T(b)(4)(i) and (ii) do not apply, and any section 988 gain or loss that would be determined under section 988 as a result of the acquisition or accrual of any item and treated as ECI under § 1.988-4(c) if the item were treated as properly reflected on the books and records of the dollar QBU is determined by treating such item as properly reflected on the books and records of the dollar QBU. Consequently, solely for that purpose, such section 988 gain or loss is determined by reference to the U.S. dollar. See § 1.987-6T(b)(4) for rules regarding the source of section 987 gain or loss with respect to a dollar QBU for which the CFC owner has made the election described in this paragraph.

(b)

(7)

through (c)(1)(ii)(A) [Reserved] For further guidance, see § 1.987-1(b)(7) through (c)(1)(ii)(A).

(B)

Election inapplicable with respect to certain amounts. Except as provided in this paragraph (c)(1)(ii)(B), the election provided in § 1.987-1(c)(1)(ii)(A) does not apply for purposes of determining section 987 taxable income or loss (as defined in § 1.987-3(a)) with respect to a historic item (as defined in § 1.987-1(e)) if acquiring, accruing, or entering into such item gives rise to a section 988 transaction or specified owner functional currency transaction. However, the election provided in § 1.987-1(c)(1)(ii)(A) does apply for purposes of determining section 987 taxable income or loss with respect to a payable or receivable described in § 1.988-1(d)(3) under the circumstances described in § 1.988-1(d)(3).

(c)

(2)

through (c)(3)(i)(D) [Reserved] For further guidance, see § 1.987-1(c)(2) through (c)(3)(i)(D).

(E)

Section 988 transactions and specified owner functional currency transactions. If acquiring, accruing, or entering into a historic item gives rise to a section 988 transaction of a section 987 QBU or a specified owner functional currency transaction described in § 1.987-3T(b)(4)(ii), the historic rate is the spot rate (as defined in paragraph (c)(1) of this section) on the date such item is acquired, accrued, or entered into. For this purpose, use of a spot rate convention under § 1.987-1(c)(1)(ii) is permitted only with respect to a payable or receivable described in § 1.988-1(d)(3) and only to the extent provided therein.

(c)

(3)

(ii)

through (d)(2) [Reserved] For further guidance, see § 1.987-1(c)(3)(ii) through (d)(2).

(3)

Gives rise to a qualified short-term section 988 transaction (as defined in § 1.987-3T(b)(4)(iii)(B)) of the section 987 QBU, whether denominated in the functional currency of the owner or other nonfunctional currency with respect to the section 987 QBU, for which section 988 gain or loss is determined under § 1.987-3T(b)(4)(iii)(A) in, and by reference to, the functional currency of the section 987 QBU.

(e)

[Reserved] For further guidance, see § 1.987-1(e).

(f)

Examples. The following examples illustrate the application of § 1.987-1(d) and (e).

Example 1. U.S. Corp is a domestic corporation with the U.S. dollar as its functional currency and is the owner of Business A, a section 987 QBU that has the pound as its functional currency. Assume all transactions of Business A are entered into in the ordinary course of its business. U.S. Corp has not made an election under § 1.987-3T(b)(4)(iii)(C) to adopt a foreign currency mark-to-market method of accounting for qualified short-term section 988 transactions. Items reflected on Business A's balance sheet include £10,000, $1,000, a building with a basis of £100,000, a light general purpose truck with a basis of £30,000, a computer with a basis of £1,000, a 60-day receivable for ¥15,000, an account payable of £5,000, and a foreign currency contract within the meaning of section 1256(g)(2) that requires Business A to exchange £100 for $125 in 90 days. Under paragraph (d) of this section, the £10,000, the £5,000 account payable and the £/$ section 1256 foreign currency contract are marked items. The other items are historic items under this paragraph (e) of this section.

Example 2. The facts are the same as Example 1 except that U.S. Corp has elected under § 1.987-3T(b)(4)(iii)(C) to adopt the foreign currency mark-to-market method of accounting for qualified short-term section 988 transactions of Business A. Under paragraphs (d) and (e) of this section, the £10,000, the $1,000, the ¥15,000 receivable, the £5,000 account payable, and the £/$ section 1256 foreign currency contract are marked items.

(g)

(1)

through(g)(2)(i)(A) [Reserved] For further guidance, see § 1.987-1(g)(1) through (g)(2)(i)(A).

(B)

Annual deemed termination election— (1) In general. Except as provided in paragraph (g)(2)(i)(B)(2) of this section, an election under § 1.987-8T(d) (annual deemed termination election) applies to all section 987 QBUs owned by the taxpayer, as well as to all section 987 QBUs owned by any person that has a relationship to the taxpayer described in section 267(b) or section 707(b) (substituting “and the profits interest” for “or the profits interest” in section 707(b)(1)(A) and substituting “and profits interests” for “or profits interests” in section 707(b)(1)(B)) on the last day of the first taxable year for which the election applies (a related person). If a taxpayer makes the election under § 1.987-8T(d), the first taxable year of a related person for which the election applies is the first taxable year that ends with or within a taxable year of the taxpayer for which the taxpayer's election applies. An election under § 1.987-8T(d) may not be revoked.

(i) Fresh start taxpayers. A taxpayer to which § 1.987-10 applies that is required under § 1.987-10(a) to apply the fresh start transition method described in § 1.987-10(b) (fresh start taxpayer) may make the election under § 1.987-8T(d) only if the first taxable year for which the election would apply to the taxpayer is either the first taxable year beginning on or after the transition date (as defined in § 1.987-11(c)) in which the election is relevant or a subsequent taxable year in which the taxpayer's controlled group aggregate section 987 loss, if any, does not exceed $5 million. For purposes of this paragraph (g)(2)(i)(B), a taxpayer's controlled group aggregate section 987 loss means the aggregate net amount of section 987 loss that would be recognized pursuant to the election by the taxpayer and all other persons to whom the taxpayer's election would apply in the first taxable year of each person for which the election would apply.

(ii) Other taxpayers. Other taxpayers, including taxpayers described in § 1.987-1(b)(1)(ii) and taxpayers described in § 1.987-10(c), must follow the election rules provided in paragraph (g)(2)(i)(B)(1)(i) of this section if any related party is a fresh start taxpayer. If no related party is a fresh start taxpayer, the election under § 1.987-8T(d) may be made only if the first taxable year for which the election would apply to the taxpayer is either the first taxable year beginning on or after December 7, 2016, in which the election is relevant or a subsequent taxable year in which the taxpayer's controlled group aggregate section 987 loss, if any, does not exceed $5 million.

(2) QBU-by-QBU elections in certain circumstances. Notwithstanding paragraph (g)(2)(i)(B)(1) of this section, a taxpayer may make a separate election under § 1.987-8T(d) with respect to any section 987 QBU owned by the taxpayer if the first taxable year for which the election would apply to the taxpayer with respect to the section 987 QBU is a taxable year in which there is a section 987 gain recognized with respect to the section 987 QBU pursuant to the election, or is a taxable year in which there is a section 987 loss of $1 million or less that would be recognized with respect to the section 987 QBU pursuant to the election.

(C)

Election to translate all items at the yearly average exchange rate. An election under § 1.987-3T(d) (election to translate all items at the yearly average exchange rate) may be made with respect to a section 987 QBU only if the first taxable year for which the election would apply is the first taxable year for which an election under § 1.987-8T(d) (annual deemed termination election) applies with respect to the section 987 QBU.

(g)

(2)

(ii)

through (g)(3)(i)(D) [Reserved] For further guidance, see § 1.987-1(g)(2)(ii) through (g)(3)(i)(D).

(E)

Election for a CFC to apply section 987 to a dollar QBU. An election under § 1.987-1T(b)(6)(iii) for a CFC to apply section 987 to a dollar QBU must be titled “Section 987 Election for a CFC to Apply Section 987 to a Dollar QBU Under § 1.987-1T(b)(6)(iii)” and must provide the name and address of each QBU for which the election is being made.

(F)

Election to apply the foreign currency mark-to-market method of accounting for qualified short-term section 988 transactions. An election under § 1.987-3T(b)(4)(iii)(C) to apply the foreign currency mark-to-market method of accounting for qualified short-term section 988 transactions must be titled “Section 987 Election to Use Foreign Currency Mark-to-Market Method of Accounting for Qualified Short-Term Section 988 Transactions Under § 1.987-3(b)T(4)(iii)(C)” and must provide the name and address of each section 987 QBU for which the election is being made.

(G)

Election to translate all items at the yearly average exchange rate. An election under § 1.987-3T(d) to translate all items at the yearly average exchange rate must be titled “Section 987 Election to Translate All Items at the Yearly Average Exchange Rate Under § 1.987-3T(d)” and must provide the name and address of each section 987 QBU for which the election is being made.

(H)

Annual deemed termination election. An election under § 1.987-8T(d) for an owner to deem all of its section 987 QBUs to terminate on the last day of each taxable year must be titled “Section 987 Annual Deemed Termination Election Under § 1.987-8T(d)” and must provide the name and address of each section 987 QBU to which the election applies, including a section 987 QBU owned by a related person (within the meaning of paragraph (g)(2)(i)(B)(1) of this section).

(g)

(4)

through (6) [Reserved] For further guidance, see § 1.987-1(g)(4) through (6).

(h)

Effective/applicability date. Paragraphs (g)(2)(i)(B) and (g)(3)(i)(H) of this section apply to the first taxable year beginning on or after December 7, 2016. Paragraphs (b)(1)(iii), (b)(6), (c)(1)(ii)(B), (c)(3)(i)(E), (d)(3), (f), (g)(2)(i)(C), and (g)(3)(i)(E) through (G) of this section apply to taxable years beginning one year after the first day of the first taxable year following December 7, 2016. Notwithstanding the preceding sentence, if a taxpayer makes an election under § 1.987-11(b), then paragraphs (b)(1)(iii), (b)(6), (c)(1)(ii)(B), (c)(3)(i)(E), (d)(3), (f), (g)(2)(i)(C), and (g)(3)(i)(E) through (G) of this section apply to taxable years to which §§ 1.987-1 through 1.987-10 apply as a result of such election.

(i)

Expiration date. The applicability of this section expires on December 6, 2019.

Notes, amendments, and revision history

Amendments

[T.D. 9795, 81 FR 88868, Dec. 8, 2016]

Source

Source: T.D. 10016, 89 FR 100164, Dec. 11, 2024, unless otherwise noted.

Authority

Source

Source: T.D. 6500, 25 FR 11402, Nov. 26, 1960; 25 FR 14021, Dec. 21, 1960; T.D. 9989, 89 FR 17606, Mar. 11, 2024, unless otherwise noted.

Source

Source: T.D. 6500, 25 FR 11402, Nov. 26, 1960; 25 FR 14021, Dec. 21, 1960, unless otherwise noted.

Source

Source: T.D. 6500, 25 FR 11402, Nov. 26, 1960; 25 FR 14021, Dec. 31, 1960, T.D. 9381, 73 FR 8604, Feb. 15, 2008, unless otherwise noted.

Source

Source: T.D. 6500, 25 FR 11607, Nov. 26, 1960; 25 FR 14021, Dec. 31, 1960, unless otherwise noted.

Source

Source: T.D. 6500, 25 FR 11737, Nov. 26, 1960; 25 FR 14021, Dec. 31, 1960, unless otherwise noted.

Source

Source: T.D. 6500, 25 FR 11814, Nov. 26, 1960; 25 FR 14021, Dec. 31, 1960, unless otherwise noted.

Source

Source: T.D. 6500, 25 FR 11910, Nov. 26, 1960; 25 FR 14021, Dec. 31, 1960, unless otherwise noted.

Source

Source: Sections 1.1401-1 through 1.1403-1 contained in T.D. 6691, 28 FR 12796, Dec. 3, 1963, unless otherwise noted.

Source

Source: Sections 1.1401-1 through 1.1403-1 contained in T.D. 6691, 28 FR 12796, Dec. 3, 1963, unless otherwise noted. RELATED RULES

Amendments

[T.D. 9169, 69 FR 78154, Dec. 29, 2004]

Amendments

[T.D. 9795, 81 FR 88868, Dec. 8, 2016]

§1.987-2. Attribution of items to eligible QBUs; definition of a transfer and related rules.

26 C.F.R. § 1.987-2

(a)

In general. This section provides rules regarding when items are attributed to eligible QBUs and when they are treated as transferred to or from section 987 QBUs. Paragraph (b) of this section provides rules for attributing assets and liabilities, and items of income, gain, deduction, and loss, to an eligible QBU. Paragraph (c) of this section defines a transfer to or from a section 987 QBU. Paragraph (d) of this section provides translation rules for transfers to a section 987 QBU. Paragraph (e) of this section provides a cross-reference relating to the treatment of section 987 QBUs owned by consolidated groups.

(b)

Attribution of items to an eligible QBU—

(1)

General rules. Except as provided in paragraphs (b)(2) and (3) of this section, items are attributable to an eligible QBU to the extent they are reflected on the separate set of books and records, as defined in § 1.989(a)-1(d)(1) and (2), of the eligible QBU. For purposes of this section, the term item refers to any asset or liability, and any item of income, gain, deduction, or loss. Items that are attributed to an eligible QBU pursuant to this section must be adjusted to conform to Federal income tax principles. An item that is not taken into account for financial accounting purposes, and therefore is not reflected on the separate set of books and records of an eligible QBU, is treated as reflected on the separate set of books and records of an eligible QBU to the extent it would have been so reflected if the item were taken into account for financial accounting purposes. Except as provided in § 1.989(a)-1(d)(3), these attribution rules apply solely for purposes of section 987. For example, the allocation and apportionment of interest expense under section 864(e) is independent of these rules.

(2)

Exceptions for non-portfolio stock, interests in partnerships, and certain acquisition indebtedness.

(i)

In general. Except as provided in paragraph (b)(2)(ii) of this section, the following items are not considered to be on the books and records of an eligible QBU:

(A)

Stock of a corporation (whether domestic or foreign), other than stock of a corporation if the owner of the eligible QBU owns less than 10 percent of the total combined voting power of all classes of stock entitled to vote and less than 10 percent of the total value of all classes of stock of such corporation. For this purpose, section 958 (other than section 958(b)(1)) applies in determining ownership of a controlled foreign corporation and section 318(a) applies in determining ownership of other corporations, except that in applying section 318(a)(2)(C), the phrase “10 percent” is used instead of the phrase “50 percent.”

(B)

An interest in a partnership (whether domestic or foreign).

(C)

A liability that was incurred to acquire stock described in paragraph (b)(2)(i)(A) of this section or that was incurred to acquire a partnership interest described in paragraph (b)(2)(i)(B) of this section.

(D)

Income, gain, deduction, or loss arising from the items described in paragraphs (b)(2)(i)(A) through (C) of this section. For example, if a dividend is received with respect to stock of a corporation described in paragraph (b)(2)(i)(A) of this section, the dividend is excluded from the income of the eligible QBU. See also paragraph (c)(2)(ii) of this section, treating the payment as received by the owner and contributed to the eligible QBU.

(ii)

Separate account assets. Paragraph (b)(2)(i) of this section does not apply to separate account assets, liabilities related to separate account assets, or income, gain, deduction, or loss arising from those assets and liabilities.

(3)

Adjustments to items reflected on the books and records—

(i)

General rule. If a principal purpose of recording (or not recording) an item on the books and records of an eligible QBU is the avoidance of Federal income tax under, or through the use of, section 987, the item must be allocated between or among the eligible QBU, the owner of such eligible QBU, and any other persons, entities (including DEs), or other QBUs within the meaning of § 1.989(a)-1(b) (including eligible QBUs) in a manner that reflects the substance of the transaction. For purposes of this paragraph (b)(3)(i), relevant factors for determining whether such Federal income tax avoidance is a principal purpose of recording (or not recording) an item on the books and records of an eligible QBU include the factors set forth in paragraphs (b)(3)(ii) and (iii) of this section. The presence or absence of any factor or factors is not determinative. The weight given to any factor (whether or not set forth in paragraphs (b)(3)(ii) and (iii) of this section) depends on the facts and circumstances.

(ii)

Factors indicating no tax avoidance. For purposes of paragraph (b)(3)(i) of this section, factors that may indicate that recording (or not recording) an item on the books and records of an eligible QBU did not have as a principal purpose the avoidance of Federal income tax under, or through the use of, section 987 include the recording (or not recording) of an item:

(A)

For a significant and bona fide business purpose;

(B)

In a manner that is consistent with the economics of the underlying transaction;

(C)

In accordance with generally accepted accounting principles (or a similar comprehensive accounting standard);

(D)

In a manner that is consistent with the treatment of similar items from year to year;

(E)

In accordance with accepted conditions or practices in the particular trade or business of the eligible QBU;

(F)

In a manner that is consistent with an explanation of existing internal accounting policies that is evidenced by documentation contemporaneous with the timely filing of a return for the taxable year; and

(G)

As a result of a transaction between legal entities (for example, the transfer of an asset or the assumption of a liability), even if such transaction is not regarded for Federal income tax purposes (for example, a transaction between a DE and its owner).

(iii)

Factors indicating tax avoidance. For purposes of paragraph (b)(3)(i) of this section, factors that may indicate that a principal purpose of recording (or not recording) an item on the books and records of an eligible QBU is the avoidance of Federal income tax under, or through the use of, section 987 include:

(A)

The presence or absence of an item on the books and records that is the result of one or more transactions that are transitory, for example, due to a circular flow of cash or other property;

(B)

The presence or absence of an item on the books and records that is the result of one or more transactions that do not have substance; and

(C)

The presence or absence of an item on the books and records that results in the taxpayer (or a person related to the taxpayer within the meaning of section 267(b) or section 707(b)) having offsetting positions with respect to the functional currency of a section 987 QBU.

(iv)

Section 988 transactions. A section 988 transaction that is reflected on the books and records of an eligible QBU is not attributable to an eligible QBU if the transaction was entered into or was reflected on the eligible QBU's books and records with a principal purpose of generating fully or partially offsetting amounts of section 988 gain or loss and section 987 gain or loss (or if the taxpayer chose to denominate the section 988 transaction in a nonfunctional currency with such a principal purpose).

(c)

Transfers to and from section 987 QBUs—

(1)

In general. The following rules apply for purposes of determining whether there is a transfer of an asset or a liability from an owner to a section 987 QBU, or from a section 987 QBU to an owner. These rules apply solely for purposes of section 987.

(2)

Disregarded transactions—

(i)

General rule. An asset or liability is treated as transferred to a section 987 QBU from its owner if, as a result of a disregarded transaction, such asset or liability is reflected on the books and records of (or otherwise becomes attributable to) the section 987 QBU within the meaning of paragraph (b) of this section. Similarly, an asset or liability is treated as transferred from a section 987 QBU to its owner if, as a result of a disregarded transaction, such asset or liability is no longer reflected on the books and records of (or otherwise ceases to be attributable to) the section 987 QBU within the meaning of paragraph (b) of this section.

(ii)

Definition of a disregarded transaction. For purposes of this section, a disregarded transaction means a transaction that is not regarded for Federal income tax purposes (for example, any transaction between separate section 987 QBUs of the same owner). For purposes of this paragraph (c), a disregarded transaction is treated as including events described in paragraphs (c)(2)(ii)(A) through (F) of this section.

(A)

If the recording (or not recording) of an asset or liability on the books and records of a section 987 QBU of an owner is the result of such asset or liability being removed from (or included on) the books and records of the owner or another eligible QBU of the owner, the asset or liability is treated as transferred to (or from) the section 987 QBU in a disregarded transaction.

(B)

If an asset or liability that was previously attributable to a section 987 QBU of an owner begins to be attributable to the owner (or another eligible QBU of the owner) as a result of the application of paragraph (b)(2) or (3) of this section, the asset or liability is treated as having been transferred by the section 987 QBU in a disregarded transaction. If an asset or liability that was previously attributable to the owner (or another eligible QBU of the owner) begins to be attributable to the section 987 QBU as a result of the application of paragraph (b)(2) or (3) of this section, the asset or liability is treated as transferred to the section 987 QBU in a disregarded transaction.

(C)

If an asset or liability that is attributable to a section 987 QBU is sold or exchanged (including in a nonrecognition transaction, such as an exchange under section 351) for an asset or liability that is not attributable to the section 987 QBU immediately after the sale or exchange, the sold or exchanged asset or liability that was attributable to the section 987 QBU immediately before the transaction is treated as transferred from the section 987 QBU to its owner in a disregarded transaction immediately before the sale or exchange for purposes of section 987 (including for purposes of recognizing section 987 gain or loss under § 1.987-5) and subsequently sold or exchanged by the owner.

(D)

If an asset or liability of an owner of a section 987 QBU that is not attributable to a section 987 QBU is sold or exchanged (including in a nonrecognition transaction, such as an exchange under section 351) for an asset or liability that is attributable to the section 987 QBU immediately after the sale or exchange, the asset or liability that is attributable to the section 987 QBU immediately after the transaction is treated as received or assumed by the owner and transferred from the owner to the section 987 QBU in a disregarded transaction immediately after the sale or exchange for purposes of section 987 (including for purposes of recognizing section 987 gain or loss under § 1.987-5).

(E)

If an asset or liability that is attributable to a section 987 QBU was received, transferred, assumed, or accrued in a regarded transaction (including the making or receiving of a payment) in which the related item of income, gain, deduction, or loss is not attributable to the section 987 QBU, the asset or liability is treated as though it was received, transferred, assumed, or accrued by the owner or another eligible QBU and transferred to or from the section 987 QBU in a disregarded transaction. Similarly, if an asset or liability that is not attributable to a section 987 QBU was received, transferred, assumed, or accrued in a regarded transaction (including the making or receiving of a payment) in which the related item of income, gain, deduction, or loss is attributable to the section 987 QBU, the asset or liability is treated as though it was received, transferred, assumed, or accrued by the section 987 QBU and transferred to or from the section 987 QBU in a disregarded transaction. For example, if a section 987 QBU receives a dividend on an interest in stock that would be attributable to the section 987 QBU but for paragraph (b)(2)(i)(A) of this section, the owner is treated as receiving the dividend and transferring to the section 987 QBU the amount of the dividend in a disregarded transaction. Similarly, if a section 987 QBU pays interest on a liability that would be attributable to the section 987 QBU but for paragraph (b)(2)(i)(C) of this section, the section 987 QBU is treated as transferring to the owner the amount of the interest expense and the owner is treated as paying the interest expense in a disregarded transaction. See also paragraph (c)(7) of this section (application of general tax law principles).

(F)

In the first taxable year in which an eligible QBU is treated as a section 987 QBU, all assets and liabilities attributable to the eligible QBU are treated as transferred from the owner to the section 987 QBU in a disregarded transaction on the first day on which the eligible QBU is treated as a section 987 QBU.

(iii)

Items derived from disregarded transactions ignored. For purposes of section 987, disregarded transactions do not give rise to items of income, gain, deduction, or loss that are taken into account in determining section 987 taxable income or loss under § 1.987-3.

(3)

through (6) [Reserved]

(7)

Application of general tax law principles. General tax law principles, including the circular cash flow, step-transaction, economic substance, and substance-over-form doctrines, apply for purposes of determining whether there is a transfer of an asset or liability under this paragraph (c), including a transfer of an asset or liability pursuant to a disregarded transaction.

(8)

Interaction with § 1.988-1(a)(10). See § 1.988-1(a)(10) for rules regarding the treatment of an intra-taxpayer transfer of a section 988 transaction.

(9)

Certain disregarded transactions not treated as transfers—

(i)

Combinations of section 987 QBUs. The combination (a combination) of two or more separate section 987 QBUs (combining QBUs) that are directly owned by the same owner into one section 987 QBU (combined QBU) does not give rise to a transfer of any combining QBU's assets or liabilities to the owner under this paragraph (c). In addition, transactions between the combining QBUs occurring in the taxable year of the combination do not result in a transfer of the combining QBUs' assets or liabilities to the owner under this paragraph (c). For this purpose, a combination occurs when the assets and liabilities that were attributable to two or more combining QBUs begin to be attributable to a combined QBU and the separate existence of the combining QBUs ceases. A combination may result from any transaction or series of transactions in which the combining QBUs become a combined QBU. A combination may also result when an owner of two or more section 987 QBUs with the same functional currency becomes subject to a grouping election under § 1.987-1(b)(3)(ii) or when a section 987 QBU of an owner subject to a grouping election changes its functional currency to that of another section 987 QBU of the same owner. For purposes of determining net unrecognized section 987 gain or loss, deferred section 987 gain or loss, and cumulative suspended section 987 loss of a combined QBU, the combining QBUs are treated as having combined immediately before the beginning of the taxable year of combination. See §§ 1.987-4(f)(1), 1.987-11(b)(2), and 1.987-12(f)(1).

(ii)

Change in functional currency from a combination. If, following a combination of section 987 QBUs described in paragraph (c)(9)(i) of this section, the combined section 987 QBU has a different functional currency than one or more of the combining section 987 QBUs, any such combining section 987 QBU is treated as changing its functional currency, and the owner of the combined section 987 QBU must comply with the regulations under section 985 regarding the change in functional currency. See §§ 1.985-1(c)(6) and 1.985-5.

(iii)

Separation of section 987 QBUs. The separation (a separation) of a section 987 QBU (separating QBU) into two or more section 987 QBUs (separated QBUs) that, after the separation, are directly owned by the same owner does not result in a transfer of the separating QBU's assets or liabilities to the owner under this paragraph (c). Additionally, transactions that occurred between the separating QBUs in the taxable year of the separation before the completion of the separation do not result in transfers for purposes of section 987. For this purpose, a separation occurs when the assets and liabilities that were attributable to a separating QBU begin to be attributable to two or more separated QBUs and each of the separated QBUs continues to perform a significant portion of the separating QBU's activities immediately after the separation. A separation may result from any transaction or series of transactions in which a separating QBU becomes two or more separated QBUs described in the preceding sentence. A separation may also result when a section 987 QBU that is subject to a grouping election under § 1.987-1(b)(3)(ii) changes its functional currency or when the grouping election is revoked. For purposes of determining net unrecognized section 987 gain or loss, deferred section 987 gain or loss, or cumulative suspended section 987 loss of a separated QBU, the separating QBU is treated as having separated immediately before the beginning of the taxable year of separation. See §§ 1.987-4(f)(2), 1.987-11(b)(3), and 1.987-12(f)(2).

(iv)

Special rules for successor suspended loss QBUs. For purposes of determining whether a combination or separation has occurred with respect to a successor suspended loss QBU, the rules of paragraphs (c)(9)(i) and (iii) of this section are applied without regard to whether any of the combining QBUs, the combined QBU, the separating QBU, or the separated QBUs are section 987 QBUs. A combined QBU is a successor suspended loss QBU if either combining QBU was a successor suspended loss QBU, and a separated QBU is a successor suspended loss QBU if the separating QBU was a successor suspended loss QBU.

(10)

Examples. The following examples illustrate the principles of this paragraph (c). For purposes of the examples, X and Y are domestic corporations, have the U.S. dollar as their functional currencies, and use the calendar year as their taxable years. Furthermore, except as otherwise provided, Business A and Business B are eligible QBUs that have the euro and the Japanese yen, respectively, as their functional currencies, and DE1 and DE2 are DEs. For purposes of determining whether any of the transfers in these examples result in remittances, see § 1.987-5.

(i)

Example 1: Loan to a section 987 QBU—

(A)

Facts. X owns all of the interests in DE1. DE1 owns Business A, which is a section 987 QBU of X. X owns €100 that are not reflected on the books and records of Business A. Business A is in need of additional capital and, as a result, X lends the €100 to DE1 for use in Business A in exchange for a note.

(B)

Analysis— (1) The loan from X to DE1 is not regarded for Federal income tax purposes (because it is an interbranch transaction) and therefore is a disregarded transaction (as defined in paragraph (c)(2)(ii) of this section). Because DE1 is a DE, the DE1 note held by X and the liability of DE1 under the note are not taken into account under this section.

(2) As a result of the disregarded transaction, the €100 is reflected on the books and records of Business A and is attributable to Business A under paragraph (b) of this section. Therefore, X is treated as transferring €100 to its Business A section 987 QBU for purposes of section 987. This transfer is taken into account in determining the amount of any remittance for the taxable year under § 1.987-5(c). See § 1.988-1(a)(10)(ii) for the application of section 988 to X as a result of the transfer of nonfunctional currency to its section 987 QBU.

(ii)

Example 2: Transfer between section 987 QBUs—

(A)

Facts. X owns Business A and Business B, both of which are section 987 QBUs of X. X owns equipment that is used in Business A and is reflected on the books and records of Business A. Because Business A has excess manufacturing capacity and X intends to expand the manufacturing capacity of Business B, the equipment formerly used in Business A is transferred to Business B for use by Business B. As a result of the transfer, the equipment is removed from the books and records of Business A and is recorded on the books and records of Business B.

(B)

Analysis. The transfer of the equipment from the books and records of Business A to the books and records of Business B is not regarded for Federal income tax purposes (because it is an interbranch transaction) and therefore is a disregarded transaction (as defined in paragraph (c)(2)(ii) of this section). Therefore, for purposes of section 987, the Business A section 987 QBU is treated as transferring the equipment to X, and X is subsequently treated as transferring the equipment to the Business B section 987 QBU. These transfers are taken into account in determining the amount of any remittance for the taxable year under § 1.987-5(c).

(iii)

Example 3: Sale of property between two section 987 QBUs—

(A)

Facts. X owns all of the interests in DE1 and DE2. DE1 and DE2 own Business A and Business B, respectively, both of which are section 987 QBUs of X. DE1 owns equipment that is used in Business A and is reflected on the books and records of Business A. For business reasons, DE1 sells a portion of the equipment used in Business A to DE2 in exchange for a fair market value amount of Japanese yen. The yen used by DE2 to acquire the equipment was generated by Business B and was reflected on Business B's books and records. Following the sale, the yen and the equipment will be used in Business A and Business B, respectively. As a result of such sale, the equipment is removed from the books and records of Business A and is recorded on the books and records of Business B. Similarly, as a result of the sale, the yen is removed from the books and records of Business B and is recorded on the books and records of Business A.

(B)

Analysis— (1) The sale of equipment between DE1 and DE2 is a transaction that is not regarded for Federal income tax purposes (because it is an interbranch transaction) and therefore the transaction is a disregarded transaction (as defined in paragraph (c)(2)(ii) of this section). Pursuant to paragraph (c)(2)(iii) of this section, the sale does not give rise to an item of income, gain, deduction, or loss for purposes of determining section 987 taxable income or loss under § 1.987-3. However, the yen and equipment exchanged by DE1 and DE2 in connection with the sale must be taken into account as a transfer under paragraph (c)(2)(i) of this section.

(2) As a result of the disregarded transaction, the equipment ceases to be reflected on the books and records of Business A and becomes reflected on the books and records of Business B. Therefore, the Business A section 987 QBU is treated as transferring the equipment to X, and X is subsequently treated as transferring the equipment to the Business B section 987 QBU.

(3) Additionally, as a result of the disregarded transaction, the yen currency ceases to be reflected on the books and records of Business B and becomes reflected on the books and records of Business A. Therefore, the Business B section 987 QBU is treated as transferring the yen to X, and X is subsequently treated as transferring the yen from X to the Business A section 987 QBU. The transfers among Business A, Business B and X are taken into account in determining the amount of any remittance for the taxable year under § 1.987-5(c).

(iv)

through (ix) [Reserved]

(x)

Example 10: Contribution of a section 987 QBU's assets to a corporation—

(A)

Facts. X owns Business A. X forms Z, a domestic corporation, contributing 50 percent of its Business A assets and liabilities to Z in exchange for all of the stock of Z. X and Z do not file a consolidated tax return.

(B)

Analysis. Pursuant to paragraph (b)(2) of this section, the Z stock received in exchange for 50 percent of Business A's assets and liabilities is not reflected on the books and records of, and therefore is not attributable to, Business A for purposes of section 987 immediately after the exchange. As a result, pursuant to paragraphs (c)(2)(i) and (ii) of this section, 50 percent of the assets and liabilities of Business A are treated as transferred from Business A to X in a disregarded transaction immediately before the exchange. See § 1.1502-13(j)(9) if X and Z file a consolidated return.

(xi)

Example 11: Circular transfers—

(A)

Facts. X owns Business A. On December 30, year 1, Business A purports to transfer €100 to X. On January 2, year 2, X purports to transfer €50 to Business A. On January 4, year 2, X purports to transfer another €50 to Business A. As of the end of year 1, X has net unrecognized section 987 loss with respect to Business A, such that a remittance, if respected, would result in recognition of a foreign currency loss under section 987.

(B)

Analysis. Because the transfer by Business A to X is offset by the transfers from X to Business A that occurred in close temporal proximity, the purported transfers to and from Business A may be disregarded for purposes of section 987 pursuant to general tax principles under paragraph (c)(7) of this section.

(xii)

Example 12: Transfers without substance—

(A)

Facts. X owns Business A and Business B. On January 1, year 1, Business A purports to transfer €100 to X. On January 4, year 1, X purports to transfer €100 to Business B. The account in which Business B deposited the €100 is used to pay the operating expenses and other costs of Business A. As of the end of year 1, X has net unrecognized section 987 loss with respect to Business A, such that a remittance, if respected, would result in recognition of a foreign currency loss under section 987.

(B)

Analysis. Because Business A continues to have use of the transferred property, the €100 purported transfer from Business A to X may be disregarded for purposes of section 987 pursuant to general tax principles under paragraph (c)(7) of this section.

(xiii)

Example 13: Offsetting positions in section 987 QBUs—

(A)

Facts. X owns Business A and Business B. Business A and Business B each have the euro as their functional currency. X has not made a grouping election under § 1.987-1(b)(3)(ii). On January 1, year 1, X borrows €1,000 from a third-party lender, records the liability with respect to the borrowing on the books and records of Business A, and records the borrowed €1,000 on the books and records of Business B. On December 31, year 2, when Business A has $100 of net unrecognized section 987 loss and Business B has $100 of net unrecognized section 987 gain resulting from the change in exchange rates with respect to the liability and the €1,000, X terminates the Business A section 987 QBU.

(B)

Analysis. Under paragraph (b)(3) of this section, the fact that Business A and Business B have offsetting positions in the euro is a factor indicating that a principal purpose of recording the euro-denominated liability on the books and records of Business A and the borrowed euros on the books and records of Business B was the avoidance of tax under section 987. If such a principal purpose is present, the items must be reallocated (that is, the euros and the euro-denominated liability) between Business A, Business B, and X under paragraph (b)(3) of this section to reflect the substance of the transaction.

(xiv)

Example 14: Offsetting positions with respect to a section 987 QBU and a section 988 transaction—

(A)

Facts. X owns all of the interests in DE1, and DE1 owns Business A. On January 1, year 1, X borrows €1,000 from a third-party lender and records the liability with respect to the borrowing on its books and records. X contributes the €1,000 loan proceeds to DE1 and the €1,000 are reflected on the books and records of Business A. On December 31, year 2, when Business A has $100 of net unrecognized section 987 loss resulting from the change in exchange rates with respect to the €1,000 received from the borrowing, and when the euro-denominated borrowing, if repaid, would result in $100 of gain under section 988, X terminates the Business A section 987 QBU.

(B)

Analysis. Under paragraph (b)(3) of this section, the fact that X and Business A have offsetting positions in the euro is a factor indicating that a principal purpose of recording the borrowed euros on the books and records of Business A, or not recording the corresponding euro-denominated liability on the books and records of Business A, was the avoidance of tax under section 987. If such a principal purpose is present, the items (that is, the euros and the euro-denominated liability) must be reallocated between Business A and X under paragraph (b)(3) of this section to reflect the substance of the transaction.

(xv)

Example 15: Offsetting positions with respect to a section 987 QBU and a section 988 transaction—

(A)

Facts. X owns all of the stock of Y and all of the interests in DE1. DE1 owns Business A. X and Y do not file a consolidated return. On January 1, year 1, DE1 lends €1,000 to Y. X records the receivable with respect to the loan on Business A's books and records. On December 31, year 2, when Business A has $100 of net unrecognized section 987 gain resulting from the loan, Y repays the €1,000 liability. The repayment of the euro-denominated borrowing results in $100 of loss to Y under section 988. Business A does not make any remittances to X in year 2, so the offsetting gain with respect to the loan receivable has not been recognized by X.

(B)

Analysis. Under paragraph (b)(3) of this section, the fact that Y (a related party to X) and Business A have offsetting positions in the euro is a factor indicating that a principal purpose of recording the euro-denominated receivable on the books and records of Business A, rather than on the books and records of X, was to avoid Federal income tax under, or through the use of, section 987. If such a principal purpose is present, the euro-denominated receivable must be reallocated between Business A and X under paragraph (b)(3) of this section to reflect the substance of the transaction. Other provisions (for example, section 267) may also apply to defer or disallow the loss. See § 1.1502-13(j)(9) if X and Y file a consolidated return.

(xvi)

Example 16: Borrowing by section 987 QBU followed by immediate distribution to owner—

(A)

Facts. X owns all of the interests in DE1. DE1 owns Business A. On January 1, year 1, Business A borrows €1,000 from a bank. On January 2, year 1, Business A distributes the €1,000 it received from the bank to X. There are no other transfers between X and Business A during the year. At the end of the year, X has net unrecognized section 987 loss with respect to Business A such that a remittance would result in the recognition of foreign currency loss under section 987.

(B)

Analysis. Under paragraph (b)(3) of this section, if a principal purpose of recording of the loan on the books and records of Business A, rather than on the books and records of X, was to avoid Federal income tax under, or through the use of, section 987, the items must be reallocated to reflect the substance of the transaction (for example, by moving the loan onto the books of X, resulting in the transfer not being taken into account for purposes of section 987).

(xvii)

Example 17: Payment of interest by section 987 QBU on obligation of owner—

(A)

Facts. X owns all of the interests in DE1. DE1 owns Business A. On January 1, X borrows €1,000 from a bank. On July 1, DE1 pays €20 in interest on X's €1,000 obligation to the bank, which is treated as a payment by Business A.

(B)

Analysis. Under general tax law principles as provided in paragraph (c)(7) of this section, on July 1, year 1, Business A is treated for purposes of section 987 as making a transfer of €20 to X, and X is treated as making a €20 interest payment to the bank. See also paragraph (c)(2)(ii)(E) of this section for interest payments on loans that are not attributable to a section 987 QBU pursuant to paragraph (b)(2) or (3) of this section.

(xviii)

Example 18: Sale of the interests in a DE—

(A)

Facts. X owns all of the interests in DE1, a disregarded entity. DE1 owns Business A, which is a section 987 QBU of X. X has made a current rate election under § 1.987-1(d)(2) but not an annual recognition election under § 1.987-5(b)(2). On December 31, year 1, X sells all of the interests in DE1 to FC, an unrelated foreign corporation, for $150,000, when the exchange rate is €1 = $1.2. The sale proceeds are reflected on X's books and records after the sale. At the time of the sale, all of DE1's assets are used in Business A and are reflected on the books and records of Business A. The assets have a basis of €100,000 and Business A has no liabilities. In year 1, X has net unrecognized section 987 gain with respect to Business A of $20,000.

(B)

Analysis— (1) Under paragraph (c)(2)(ii)(C) of this section, if an asset that is attributable to a section 987 QBU is sold or exchanged for an asset that is not attributable to the section 987 QBU immediately after the sale or exchange, the sold or exchanged asset is treated as transferred from the section 987 QBU to its owner in a disregarded transaction immediately before the sale or exchange and subsequently sold or exchanged by the owner. The sale of DE1 is treated as a sale of the assets of Business A in exchange for cash that is not reflected on the books and records of the Business A section 987 QBU. Therefore, the assets of Business A are treated as transferred from the Business A section 987 QBU to X, and X is treated as selling the assets to FC.

(2) The deemed transfer of all of Business A's assets to X results in a termination of the Business A section 987 QBU under § 1.987-8(b)(2) (substantially all assets transferred). Under § 1.987-5(c)(4) and § 1.987-8(e), a termination of a section 987 QBU is treated as a remittance of all the gross assets of the section 987 QBU to the owner on the date of the termination. Therefore, the owner's remittance proportion is one, and X recognizes all of its net unrecognized section 987 gain with respect to Business A, or $20,000.

(3) Because a current rate election was in effect, all of the assets of Business A are marked items. Therefore, under § 1.987-5(f)(2), X's basis in the assets transferred from Business A is determined by translating Business A's functional currency basis in the assets into X's functional currency at the spot rate applicable to the date of the transfer, €1 = $1.2. Consequently, immediately before the sale of the interests in DE1, X's functional currency basis in Business A's assets (which Business A held with a basis of €100,000) is $120,000. X recognizes $30,000 of gain under section 1001(a) on the sale of DE1.

(d)

Translation of items transferred to a section 987 QBU—

(1)

Marked items. The adjusted basis of a marked asset, or the amount of a marked liability, transferred to a section 987 QBU is translated into the section 987 QBU's functional currency at the spot rate applicable to the date of transfer. If, and to the extent that, exchange gain or loss is recognized on the asset or liability transferred under § 1.988-1(a)(10)(ii), the adjusted basis of the marked asset, or the amount of the marked liability, is adjusted to take into account the exchange gain or loss recognized.

(2)

Historic items. The adjusted basis of a historic asset, or the amount of a historic liability, transferred to a section 987 QBU is translated into the section 987 QBU's functional currency at the rate provided in § 1.987-1(c)(3).

(e)

Cross-reference. See also— § 1.1502-13(j)(9) regarding the treatment of intercompany transactions involving section 987 QBUs owned by a member of a consolidated group.

Notes, amendments, and revision history

Amendments

[T.D. 10016, 89 FR 100165, Dec. 11, 2024; 90 FR 5607, Jan. 17, 2025]

Source

Source: T.D. 10016, 89 FR 100164, Dec. 11, 2024, unless otherwise noted.

Authority

Source

Source: T.D. 6500, 25 FR 11402, Nov. 26, 1960; 25 FR 14021, Dec. 21, 1960; T.D. 9989, 89 FR 17606, Mar. 11, 2024, unless otherwise noted.

Source

Source: T.D. 6500, 25 FR 11402, Nov. 26, 1960; 25 FR 14021, Dec. 21, 1960, unless otherwise noted.

Source

Source: T.D. 6500, 25 FR 11402, Nov. 26, 1960; 25 FR 14021, Dec. 31, 1960, T.D. 9381, 73 FR 8604, Feb. 15, 2008, unless otherwise noted.

Source

Source: T.D. 6500, 25 FR 11607, Nov. 26, 1960; 25 FR 14021, Dec. 31, 1960, unless otherwise noted.

Source

Source: T.D. 6500, 25 FR 11737, Nov. 26, 1960; 25 FR 14021, Dec. 31, 1960, unless otherwise noted.

Source

Source: T.D. 6500, 25 FR 11814, Nov. 26, 1960; 25 FR 14021, Dec. 31, 1960, unless otherwise noted.

Source

Source: T.D. 6500, 25 FR 11910, Nov. 26, 1960; 25 FR 14021, Dec. 31, 1960, unless otherwise noted.

Source

Source: Sections 1.1401-1 through 1.1403-1 contained in T.D. 6691, 28 FR 12796, Dec. 3, 1963, unless otherwise noted.

Source

Source: Sections 1.1401-1 through 1.1403-1 contained in T.D. 6691, 28 FR 12796, Dec. 3, 1963, unless otherwise noted. RELATED RULES

Amendments

[T.D. 9169, 69 FR 78154, Dec. 29, 2004]

Amendments

[T.D. 10016, 89 FR 100165, Dec. 11, 2024; 90 FR 5607, Jan. 17, 2025]

§1.987-3. Determination of section 987 taxable income or loss of an owner of a section 987 QBU.

26 C.F.R. § 1.987-3

(a)

In general. This section provides rules for determining the taxable income or loss of an owner of a section 987 QBU (section 987 taxable income or loss). Paragraph (b) of this section provides rules for determining items of income, gain, deduction, and loss in the section 987 QBU's functional currency. Paragraph (c) of this section provides rules for translating each item determined under paragraph (b) of this section into the functional currency of the owner of the section 987 QBU. Paragraph (d) of this section is reserved. Paragraph (e) of this section provides examples illustrating the application of the rules of this section.

(b)

Determination of each item of income, gain, deduction, or loss in the section 987 QBU's functional currency—

(1)

In general. The owner of a section 987 QBU must determine each item of income, gain, deduction, or loss attributable to the section 987 QBU in the section 987 QBU's functional currency under Federal income tax principles.

(2)

Translation of items of income, gain, deduction, or loss that are denominated in a nonfunctional currency. Except as otherwise provided in paragraph (b)(4) of this section, an item of income, gain, deduction, or loss (or the item's components and related items, such as gross receipts and amount realized) that is denominated in (or determined by reference to) a nonfunctional currency (including the functional currency of the owner) is translated into the section 987 QBU's functional currency at the spot rate on the date such item is properly taken into account. Paragraphs (e)(1) and (2) of this section (Examples 1 and 2) illustrate the application of this paragraph (b)(2).

(3)

[Reserved]

(4)

Section 988 transactions—

(i)

In general. Section 988 and the regulations under section 988 apply to section 988 transactions of a section 987 QBU. The determination of whether an asset or liability of a section 987 QBU is a section 988 transaction is determined by reference to the functional currency of the section 987 QBU. Section 988 gain or loss is determined in, and by reference to, the functional currency of the section 987 QBU. The amount of section 988 gain or loss determined under this paragraph (b)(4)(i) is translated into the owner's functional currency under paragraph (c) of this section.

(ii)

Section 988 mark-to-market election—

(A)

In general. A taxpayer may elect to apply the section 988 mark-to-market method of accounting described in this paragraph (b)(4)(ii) with respect to all section 988 transactions that are properly attributable to a section 987 QBU and that are not otherwise accounted for under a mark-to-market method of accounting under section 475 or section 1256 (other than a section 988 transaction described in paragraph (b)(4)(ii)(B) of this section). Under the section 988 mark-to-market method of accounting, the timing of section 988 gain or loss on section 988 transactions described in the preceding sentence is determined under the principles of section 1256. Only section 988 gain or loss is taken into account under the foreign currency mark-to-market method of accounting. Appropriate adjustments must be made to prevent the section 988 gain or loss from being taken into account again after it is recognized under this paragraph (b)(4)(ii). A section 988 transaction subject to the foreign currency mark-to-market method of accounting is not subject to the netting rule of section 988(b) and § 1.988-2(b)(8) (under which exchange gain or loss is limited to overall gain or loss realized in a transaction) in taxable years before the taxable year in which section 988 gain or loss would be recognized with respect to the section 988 transaction but for this election.

(B)

Built-in loss transactions contributed to a section 987 QBU. Paragraph (b)(4)(ii)(A) of this section does not apply to a section 988 transaction if—

(1) The transaction was transferred to the section 987 QBU from its owner (or from another eligible QBU of the owner);

(2) Immediately before the transfer, the transaction was a section 988 transaction in the hands of the owner (or other eligible QBU of the owner) and was not subject to a mark-to-market method of accounting;

(3) If the owner (or other eligible QBU) had disposed of the section 988 transaction immediately before the transfer (and § 1.988-2(b)(8) did not apply), the owner would have recognized section 988 loss; and

(4) Section 988 loss was not recognized in connection with the transfer under § 1.988-1(a)(10).

(c)

Translation of items of income, gain, deduction, or loss of a section 987 QBU into the owner's functional currency—

(1)

In general. Except as otherwise provided in this section, the exchange rate to be used by an owner in translating an item of income, gain, deduction, or loss attributable to a section 987 QBU (or the item's components and related items, such as gross receipts, amount realized, basis, and cost of goods sold) into the owner's functional currency, if necessary, is the yearly average exchange rate for the taxable year.

(2)

Exceptions. Except as otherwise provided in paragraph (c)(2)(v) of this section, this paragraph (c)(2) applies only to taxable years for which neither the annual recognition election nor the current rate election is in effect.

(i)

Recovery of basis with respect to historic assets. Except as otherwise provided in this paragraph (c)(2), the exchange rate to be used by the owner in translating any recovery of basis (whether through a sale or exchange; deemed sale or exchange; cost recovery deduction such as depreciation, depletion or amortization; or otherwise) with respect to a historic asset is the historic rate for the property to which such recovery of basis is attributable.

(ii)

through (iii) [Reserved]

(iv)

Cost of goods sold computation—

(A)

General rule—simplified inventory method. Except as otherwise provided in paragraph (c)(2)(iv)(B) of this section, cost of goods sold (COGS) for a taxable year is translated into the functional currency of the owner at the yearly average exchange rate for the taxable year in which the sale of inventory occurs (or the COGS is otherwise taken into account in computing taxable income) and adjusted as provided in paragraph (c)(3) of this section.

(B)

Election to use the historic inventory method. In lieu of using the simplified inventory method described in paragraph (c)(2)(iv)(A) of this section, the owner of a section 987 QBU may elect under this paragraph (c)(2)(iv)(B) to translate inventoriable costs (including current-year inventoriable costs and costs that were capitalized into inventory in prior years) that are included in COGS at the historic rate for each such cost.

(v)

Translation of income to account for certain foreign income tax claimed as a credit. The owner of a section 987 QBU claiming a credit under section 901 for foreign income taxes, other than foreign income taxes deemed paid under section 960, that are properly reflected on the books and records of the section 987 QBU (the creditable tax amount) must determine section 987 taxable income or loss attributable to the section 987 QBU by reducing the amount of section 987 taxable income or loss that otherwise would be determined under this section by an amount equal to the creditable tax amount, translated into U.S. dollars using the yearly average exchange rate for the taxable year in which the creditable tax is accrued, and by increasing the resulting amount by an amount equal to the creditable tax amount, translated using the same exchange rate that is used to translate the creditable taxes into U.S. dollars under section 986(a). This paragraph (c)(2)(v) applies whether or not a current rate election or an annual recognition election is in effect. See paragraph (e)(14) of this section (Example 14) for an illustration of this rule.

(3)

Adjustments to COGS required under the simplified inventory method. This paragraph (c)(3) applies only to taxable years for which neither the annual recognition election nor the current rate election is in effect.

(i)

In general. An owner of a section 987 QBU that uses the simplified inventory method described in paragraph (c)(2)(iv)(A) of this section must make the adjustment described in paragraph (c)(3)(ii) of this section. In addition, the owner must make the adjustment described in paragraph (c)(3)(iii) of this section with respect to any inventory for which the section 987 QBU does not use the LIFO inventory method and must make the adjustment described in paragraph (c)(3)(iv) of this section with respect to any inventory for which the section 987 QBU uses the LIFO inventory method. An owner of a section 987 QBU that uses the simplified inventory method must make all of the applicable adjustments described in paragraphs (c)(3)(ii) through (iv) of this section with respect to the section 987 QBU even in taxable years in which the amount of COGS is zero.

(ii)

Adjustment for cost recovery deductions included in inventoriable costs—

(A)

In general. The translated COGS amount computed under paragraph (c)(2)(iv)(A) of this section is increased or decreased (as appropriate) by the amount described in paragraph (c)(3)(ii)(B) of this section. The adjustment is included as an adjustment to translated COGS computed under paragraph (c)(2)(iv)(A) of this section in full in the year to which the adjustment relates and is not allocated between COGS and ending inventory.

(B)

Amount of adjustment. With respect to each cost recovery deduction attributable to a historic asset that is included in inventoriable costs for a taxable year, the adjustment is equal to—

(1) The amount of the cost recovery deduction included in inventoriable costs, translated at the historic rate for the property to which the deduction is attributable; less

(2) The amount of the cost recovery deduction included in inventoriable costs, translated at the yearly average exchange rate for the current taxable year.

(iii)

Adjustment for beginning inventory for non-LIFO inventory—

(A)

In general. In the case of non-LIFO inventory, the translated COGS amount computed under paragraph (c)(2)(iv)(A) of this section is increased or decreased (as appropriate) by the amount described in paragraph (c)(3)(iii)(B) of this section.

(B)

Amount of adjustment. The adjustment is equal to—

(1) The ending non-LIFO inventory included on the closing balance sheet for the preceding taxable year, translated at the exchange rate described in paragraph (c)(3)(iii)(C) of this section (which is generally the yearly average exchange rate for the preceding taxable year); less

(2) The ending non-LIFO inventory included on the closing balance sheet for the preceding taxable year, translated at the yearly average exchange rate for the current taxable year.

(C)

Exchange rate— (1) In general. Except as provided in paragraph (c)(3)(iii)(C)(2) of this section, the exchange rate used to translate non-LIFO inventory under paragraph (c)(3)(iii)(B)(1) of this section is the yearly average exchange rate for the preceding taxable year.

(2) Revocation of current rate election or taxable year beginning on the transition date. In the first taxable year in which a current rate election is revoked or otherwise ceases to be in effect (or in the taxable year beginning on the transition date), the exchange rate used to translate non-LIFO inventory under paragraph (c)(3)(iii)(B)(1) of this section is the spot rate applicable to the last day of the preceding taxable year.

(iv)

Adjustment for year of LIFO liquidation—

(A)

In general. In the case of inventory with respect to which a section 987 QBU uses the LIFO inventory method, the translated COGS amount computed under paragraph (c)(2)(iv)(A) of this section is increased or decreased (as appropriate) by the amount described in paragraph (c)(3)(iv)(B) of this section.

(B)

Amount of adjustment. With respect to each LIFO layer liquidated in whole or in part during the taxable year, the adjustment is equal to:

(1) The amount of the LIFO layer liquidated during the taxable year, translated at the historic rate that is used for translating the LIFO layer (which is generally the yearly average exchange rate for the year the LIFO layer arose); less

(2) The amount of the LIFO layer liquidated during the taxable year, translated at the yearly average exchange rate for the taxable year.

(d)

[Reserved]

(e)

Examples. The following examples illustrate the application of this section. For purposes of the examples, U.S. Corp is a domestic corporation that uses the calendar year as its taxable year and has the U.S. dollar as its functional currency. Except as otherwise indicated, U.S. Corp is the owner of Business A, a section 987 QBU with the euro as its functional currency, and U.S. Corp elects under paragraph (c)(2)(iv)(B) of this section to use the historic inventory method with respect to Business A but does not make any other elections.

(1)

Example 1: Item of income denominated in nonfunctional currency. Business A accrues £100 of income from the provision of services. Under paragraph (b)(2) of this section, the £100 is translated into €90 at the spot rate on the date of accrual, without the use of a spot rate convention. In determining U.S. Corp's taxable income, the €90 of income is translated into dollars at the yearly average exchange rate under paragraph (c)(1) of this section.

(2)

Example 2: Asset sold for nonfunctional currency. Business A sells a historic asset consisting of non-inventory property for £100. Under paragraph (b)(2) of this section, the £100 amount realized is translated into €85 at the spot rate on the sale date without the use of a spot rate convention. In determining U.S. Corp's taxable income, the €85 is translated into dollars at the yearly average exchange rate under paragraph (c)(1) of this section. The euro basis of the property is translated into dollars at the historic rate under paragraph (c)(2)(i) of this section.

(3)

Example 3: Historic inventory method—

(i)

Facts. Business A uses a first-in, first-out (FIFO) method of accounting for inventory. Business A sells 1,200 units of inventory in year 2 for €3 per unit. The yearly average exchange rate is €1 = $1.02 for year 1 and €1 = $1.05 for year 2.

(ii)

Analysis—

(A)

Gross sales. Business A's gross sales are translated under paragraph (c)(1) of this section at the yearly average exchange rate for the year of the sale. Business A's dollar gross sales will be computed as follows:

(B)

Translated basis of inventory. The purchase price for each inventory unit was €1.50. Under § 1.987-1(c)(3)(i) and paragraph (c)(2)(iv)(B) of this section, the basis of each item of inventory is translated into dollars at the yearly average exchange rate for the year the inventory was acquired.

(C)

COGS. Because Business A uses a FIFO method for inventory, Business A is considered to have sold in year 2 the 100 units of opening inventory purchased in year 1 ($153.00), the 300 units purchased in January year 2 ($472.50), the 300 units purchased in April year 2 ($472.50), the 300 units purchased in July year 2 ($472.50), and 200 of the 300 units purchased in November year 2 ($315.00). Accordingly, Business A's translated dollar COGS for year 2 is $1,885.50. Business A's opening inventory for year 3 is 100 units of inventory with a translated dollar basis of $157.50.

(D)

Gross sales income. Accordingly, for purposes of section 987, Business A has gross income in dollars of $1,894.50 ($3,780.00−$1,885.50) from the sale of inventory in year 2.

(4)

Example 4: Simplified inventory method—

(i)

Facts. The facts are the same as in paragraph (e)(3) of this section (Example 3), except that U.S. Corp does not elect to use the historic inventory method with respect to Business A.

(ii)

Analysis. Because U.S. Corp does not elect to use the historic inventory method, the simplified inventory method under paragraph (c)(2)(iv)(A) of this section applies.

(A)

Gross sales. Business A's dollar gross sales will be computed as described in paragraph (e)(3)(ii)(A) of this section (Example 3). Therefore, Business A has gross sales of $3,780.

(B)

COGS. Business A sold 1,200 units of inventory in year 2, and the purchase price for each unit was €1.50. The total purchase price for the inventory sold in year 2 was €1,800. Under the simplified inventory method provided in paragraph (c)(2)(iv)(A) of this section, COGS for a taxable year is translated into the functional currency of the owner at the yearly average exchange rate for the taxable year in which the sale of inventory occurs. Therefore, before making the adjustments required under paragraph (c)(3) of this section, Business A's dollar COGS for year 2 is equal to $1,890 (the purchase price for the inventory sold in year 2 (€1,800), translated at the yearly average exchange rate of €1 = $1.05).

(C)

Adjustments required. Because the simplified inventory method applies, Business A's COGS must be adjusted under paragraph (c)(3) of this section. No adjustment is required under paragraph (c)(3)(ii) of this section because no cost recovery deduction attributable to a historic asset is included in inventoriable costs for year 2. However, an adjustment for beginning inventory is required under paragraph (c)(3)(iii)(A) of this section because Business A uses a FIFO method of accounting for inventory.

(D)

Adjustment for beginning inventory. The adjustment required under paragraph (c)(3)(iii)(A) of this section is equal to: the ending non-LIFO inventory included on Business A's closing balance sheet for the preceding taxable year (€150), translated at the yearly average exchange rate for year 1 (€1 = $1.02), which is $153; less the ending non-LIFO inventory included on Business A's closing balance sheet for the preceding taxable year (€150), translated at the yearly average exchange rate for year 2 (€1 = $1.05), which is $157.50. Therefore, there is a negative adjustment to COGS of $4.50. Business A's COGS for year 2 is reduced from $1,890 to $1,885.50.

(E)

Gross sales income. Accordingly, for purposes of section 987, Business A has gross income in dollars of $1,894.50 ($3,780.00−$1,885.50) from the sale of inventory in year 2.

(5)

Example 5: Depreciation expense that is not an inventoriable cost. The facts are the same as in paragraph (e)(3) of this section (Example 3) except that during year 2, Business A incurred €100 of depreciation expense with respect to a truck. No portion of the depreciation expense is an inventoriable cost. The truck was purchased on January 15, year 1. The yearly average exchange rate for year 1 was €1 = $1.02. Under paragraph (c)(2)(i) of this section, the €100 of depreciation is translated into dollars at the historic rate. The historic rate is the yearly average exchange rate for year 1. Accordingly, U.S. Corp takes into account depreciation of $102 with respect to Business A in year 2.

(6)

Example 6: Translation of depreciation expense that is an inventoriable cost (historic inventory method). The facts are the same as in paragraph (e)(5) of this section (Example 5) except that the €100 of depreciation expense incurred during year 2 with respect to the truck is an inventoriable cost. As a result, the depreciation expense is capitalized into the 1,200 units of inventory purchased by Business A in year 2. Of those 1,200 units, 1,100 units are sold during the year, and 100 units become ending inventory. The portion of depreciation expense capitalized into inventory that is sold during year 2 is reflected in Business A's euro COGS and is translated at the €1 = $1.02 yearly average exchange rate for year 1, the year in which the truck was purchased. The portion of the depreciation expense capitalized into the 100 units of ending inventory is not taken into account in year 2 but rather, will be taken into account in the year the ending inventory is sold, translated at the €1 = $1.02 yearly average exchange rate for year 1.

(7)

Example 7: Sale of land. Business A purchased raw land on October 16, year 1, for €8,000 and sold the land on November 1, year 2, for €10,000. The yearly average exchange rate was €1 = $1.02 for year 1 and €1 = $1.05 for year 2. Under paragraph (c)(1) of this section, the amount realized is translated into dollars at the yearly average exchange rate for year 2 (€10,000 × $1.05 = $10,500). Under paragraph (c)(2)(i) of this section, the basis is translated at the historic rate for year 1, which is the yearly average exchange rate under section § 1.987-1(c)(3)(i) (€8,000 × $1.02 = $8,160). Accordingly, the amount of gain reported by U.S. Corp on the sale of the land is $2,340 ($10,500−$8,160).

(8)

Example 8: Current rate election. The facts are the same as in paragraph (e)(7) of this section (Example 7), except that U.S. Corp makes a current rate election under § 1.987-1(d)(2). Under paragraph (c)(2) of this section, the exceptions to paragraph (c)(1) of this section generally do not apply in a taxable year for which an annual recognition election or a current rate election is in effect. As a result, all items of income, gain, deduction, and loss with respect to Business A are translated into U.S Corp's functional currency at the yearly average exchange rate under paragraph (c)(1) of this section. Business A's gain on the sale of the land is determined in its functional currency and is equal to €2,000 (amount realized of €10,000 less basis of €8,000). This gain is translated at the yearly average exchange rate for year 2 of €1 = $1.05, and the amount of gain reported by U.S. Corp on the sale of the land is $2,100. The result would be the same if U.S. Corp made an annual recognition election under § 1.987-5(b)(2) (and did not make a current rate election).

(9)

-(12) [Reserved]

(13)

Example 13: Section 988 transaction—

(i)

Facts. Business A receives and accrues $100 of income from the provision of services on January 1, 2021. Business A continues to hold the $100 as a U.S. dollar-denominated demand deposit at a bank on December 31, 2021. U.S. Corp has made a section 988 mark-to-market election under paragraph (b)(4)(ii) of this section. The euro-dollar spot rate without the use of a spot rate convention is €1 = $1 on January 1, 2021, and €1 = $2 on December 31, 2021, and the yearly average exchange rate for 2021 is €1 = $1.50.

(ii)

Analysis—

(A)

Under paragraph (b)(2) of this section, the $100 earned by Business A is translated into €100 at the spot rate on January 1, 2021, as defined in § 1.987-1(c)(1) without the use of a spot rate convention. In determining U.S. Corp's taxable income, the €100 of services income is translated into $150 at the yearly average exchange rate for 2021, as provided in paragraph (c)(1) of this section.

(B)

Under paragraph (b)(4)(i) of this section, section 988 gain or loss for Business A's section 988 transactions is determined in, and by reference to, the euro, the functional currency of Business A. Accordingly, section 988 gain or loss must be determined on Business A's holding of the $100 demand deposit in, and by reference to, the euro. Under § 1.988-2(a)(2), Business A is treated as having an amount realized of €50 when the $100 is marked to market at the end of 2021 under paragraph (b)(4)(ii) of this section. Marking the dollars to market gives rise to a section 988 loss of €50 (€50 amount realized, less Business A's €100 basis in the $100). In determining U.S. Corp's taxable income, that €50 loss is translated into a $75 loss at the yearly average exchange rate for 2021, as provided in paragraph (c)(1) of this section.

(14)

Example 14: Payment of foreign income tax—

(i)

Facts. Business A earns €100 of revenue from the provision of services and incurs €30 of general expenses and €10 of depreciation expense during 2021. Except as otherwise provided, U.S. Corp uses the yearly average exchange rate described in § 1.987-1(c)(2) to translate items of income, gain, deduction, and loss of Business A. Business A is subject to income tax in Country X at a 25 percent rate. U.S. Corp claims a credit with respect to Business A's foreign income taxes and elects under section 986(a)(1)(D) to translate the foreign income taxes at the spot rate on the date the taxes were paid. The yearly average exchange rate for 2021 is €1 = $1.50. The historic rate used to translate the depreciation expense is €1 = $1.00. The spot rate on the date that Business A paid its foreign income taxes was €1 = $1.60.

(ii)

Analysis. Because U.S. Corp has elected to translate foreign income taxes at the spot rate on the date such taxes were paid rather than at the yearly average exchange rate, U.S. Corp must make the adjustments described in paragraph (c)(2)(v) of this section. Accordingly, U.S. Corp determines its section 987 taxable income or loss by reducing the section 987 taxable income or loss that otherwise would be determined under this section by €15, translated into U.S. dollars at the yearly average exchange rate (€1 = $1.50), and increasing the resulting amount by €15, translated using the same exchange rate that is used to translate the creditable taxes into U.S. dollars under section 986(a) (€1 = $1.60). Following these adjustments, Business A's section 987 taxable income for 2021 is $96.50, computed as follows:

Notes, amendments, and revision history

Amendments

[T.D. 10016, 89 FR 100165, Dec. 11, 2024]

Source

Source: T.D. 10016, 89 FR 100164, Dec. 11, 2024, unless otherwise noted.

Authority

Source

Source: T.D. 6500, 25 FR 11402, Nov. 26, 1960; 25 FR 14021, Dec. 21, 1960; T.D. 9989, 89 FR 17606, Mar. 11, 2024, unless otherwise noted.

Source

Source: T.D. 6500, 25 FR 11402, Nov. 26, 1960; 25 FR 14021, Dec. 21, 1960, unless otherwise noted.

Source

Source: T.D. 6500, 25 FR 11402, Nov. 26, 1960; 25 FR 14021, Dec. 31, 1960, T.D. 9381, 73 FR 8604, Feb. 15, 2008, unless otherwise noted.

Source

Source: T.D. 6500, 25 FR 11607, Nov. 26, 1960; 25 FR 14021, Dec. 31, 1960, unless otherwise noted.

Source

Source: T.D. 6500, 25 FR 11737, Nov. 26, 1960; 25 FR 14021, Dec. 31, 1960, unless otherwise noted.

Source

Source: T.D. 6500, 25 FR 11814, Nov. 26, 1960; 25 FR 14021, Dec. 31, 1960, unless otherwise noted.

Source

Source: T.D. 6500, 25 FR 11910, Nov. 26, 1960; 25 FR 14021, Dec. 31, 1960, unless otherwise noted.

Source

Source: Sections 1.1401-1 through 1.1403-1 contained in T.D. 6691, 28 FR 12796, Dec. 3, 1963, unless otherwise noted.

Source

Source: Sections 1.1401-1 through 1.1403-1 contained in T.D. 6691, 28 FR 12796, Dec. 3, 1963, unless otherwise noted. RELATED RULES

Amendments

[T.D. 9169, 69 FR 78154, Dec. 29, 2004]

Amendments

[T.D. 10016, 89 FR 100165, Dec. 11, 2024]