§270.22e-4. Liquidity risk management programs.
17 C.F.R. § 270.22e-4
Definitions. For purposes of this section:
Acquisition (or acquire) means any purchase or subsequent rollover.
Business day means any day, other than Saturday, Sunday, or any customary business holiday.
Convertible to cash means the ability to be sold, with the sale settled.
Exchange-traded fund— or ETF means an open-end management investment company (or series or class thereof), the shares of which are listed and traded on a national securities exchange, and that has formed and operates under an exemptive order under the Act granted by the Commission or in reliance on an exemptive rule adopted by the Commission.
Fund means an open-end management investment company that is registered or required to register under section 8 of the Act (15 U.S.C. 80a-8) and includes a separate series of such an investment company, but does not include a registered open-end management investment company that is regulated as a money market fund under § 270.2a-7 or an In-Kind ETF.
Highly liquid investment means any cash held by a fund and any investment that the fund reasonably expects to be convertible into cash in current market conditions in three business days or less without the conversion to cash significantly changing the market value of the investment, as determined pursuant to the provisions of paragraph (b)(1)(ii) of this section.
Highly liquid investment minimum means the percentage of the fund's net assets that the fund invests in highly liquid investments that are assets pursuant to paragraph (b)(1)(iii) of this section.
Illiquid investment means any investment that the fund reasonably expects cannot be sold or disposed of in current market conditions in seven calendar days or less without the sale or disposition significantly changing the market value of the investment, as determined pursuant to the provisions of paragraph (b)(1)(ii) of this section.
In-Kind Exchange Traded Fund— or In-Kind ETF means an ETF that meets redemptions through in-kind transfers of securities, positions, and assets other than a de minimis amount of cash and that publishes its portfolio holdings daily.
Less liquid investment means any investment that the fund reasonably expects to be able to sell or dispose of in current market conditions in seven calendar days or less without the sale or disposition significantly changing the market value of the investment, as determined pursuant to the provisions of paragraph (b)(1)(ii) of this section, but where the sale or disposition is reasonably expected to settle in more than seven calendar days.
Liquidity risk means the risk that the fund could not meet requests to redeem shares issued by the fund without significant dilution of remaining investors' interests in the fund.
Moderately liquid investment means any investment that the fund reasonably expects to be convertible into cash in current market conditions in more than three calendar days but in seven calendar days or less, without the conversion to cash significantly changing the market value of the investment, as determined pursuant to the provisions of paragraph (b)(1)(ii) of this section.
Person(s) designated to administer the program means the fund or In-Kind ETF's investment adviser, officer, or officers (which may not be solely portfolio managers of the fund or In-Kind ETF) responsible for administering the program and its policies and procedures pursuant to paragraph (b)(2)(ii) of this section.
Unit Investment Trust— or UIT means a unit investment trust as defined in section 4(2) of the Act (15 U.S.C. 80a-4).
Liquidity Risk Management Program. Each fund and In-Kind ETF must adopt and implement a written liquidity risk management program (“program”) that is reasonably designed to assess and manage its liquidity risk.
Required program elements. The program must include policies and procedures reasonably designed to incorporate the following elements:
Assessment, management, and periodic review of liquidity risk. Each fund and In-Kind ETF must assess, manage, and periodically review (with such review occurring no less frequently than annually) its liquidity risk, which must include consideration of the following factors, as applicable:
The fund or In-Kind ETF's investment strategy and liquidity of portfolio investments during both normal and reasonably foreseeable stressed conditions, including whether the investment strategy is appropriate for an open-end fund, the extent to which the strategy involves a relatively concentrated portfolio or large positions in particular issuers, and the use of borrowings for investment purposes and derivatives;
Short-term and long-term cash flow projections during both normal and reasonably foreseeable stressed conditions;
Holdings of cash and cash equivalents, as well as borrowing arrangements and other funding sources; and
For an ETF— (1) The relationship between the ETF's portfolio liquidity and the way in which, and the prices and spreads at which, ETF shares trade, including, the efficiency of the arbitrage function and the level of active participation by market participants (including authorized participants); and
(2) The effect of the composition of baskets on the overall liquidity of the ETF's portfolio.
Classification. Each fund must, using information obtained after reasonable inquiry and taking into account relevant market, trading, and investment-specific considerations, classify each of the fund's portfolio investments (including each of the fund's derivatives transactions) as a highly liquid investment, moderately liquid investment, less liquid investment, or illiquid investment. A fund must review its portfolio investments' classifications, at least monthly in connection with reporting the liquidity classification for each portfolio investment on Form N-PORT in accordance with § 270.30b1-9, and more frequently if changes in relevant market, trading, and investment-specific considerations are reasonably expected to materially affect one or more of its investments' classifications.
The fund may generally classify and review its portfolio investments (including the fund's derivatives transactions) according to their asset class, provided, however, that the fund must separately classify and review any investment within an asset class if the fund or its adviser has information about any market, trading, or investment-specific considerations that are reasonably expected to significantly affect the liquidity characteristics of that investment as compared to the fund's other portfolio holdings within that asset class.
In classifying and reviewing its portfolio investments or asset classes (as applicable), the fund must determine whether trading varying portions of a position in a particular portfolio investment or asset class, in sizes that the fund would reasonably anticipate trading, is reasonably expected to significantly affect its liquidity, and if so, the fund must take this determination into account when classifying the liquidity of that investment or asset class.
For derivatives transactions that the fund has classified as moderately liquid investments, less liquid investments, and illiquid investments, identify the percentage of the fund's highly liquid investments that it has pledged as margin or collateral in connection with derivatives transactions in each of these classification categories.
Highly liquid investment minimum.
Any fund that does not primarily hold assets that are highly liquid investments must— (1) Determine a highly liquid investment minimum, considering the factors specified in paragraphs (b)(1)(i)(A) through (D) of this section, as applicable (but considering those factors specified in paragraphs (b)(1)(i)(A) and (B) only as they apply during normal conditions, and during stressed conditions only to the extent they are reasonably foreseeable during the period until the next review of the highly liquid investment minimum). The highly liquid investment minimum determined pursuant to this paragraph may not be changed during any period of time that a fund's assets that are highly liquid investments are below the determined minimum without approval from the fund's board of directors, including a majority of directors who are not interested persons of the fund;
(2) Periodically review, no less frequently than annually, the highly liquid investment minimum; and
(3) Adopt and implement policies and procedures for responding to a shortfall of the fund's highly liquid investments below its highly liquid investment minimum, which must include requiring the person(s) designated to administer the program to report to the fund's board of directors no later than its next regularly scheduled meeting with a brief explanation of the causes of the shortfall, the extent of the shortfall, and any actions taken in response, and if the shortfall lasts more than 7 consecutive calendar days, must include requiring the person(s) designated to administer the program to report to the board within one business day thereafter with an explanation of how the fund plans to restore its minimum within a reasonable period of time.
For purposes of determining whether a fund primarily holds assets that are highly liquid investments, a fund must exclude from its calculations the percentage of the fund's assets that are highly liquid investments that it has pledged as margin or collateral in connection with derivatives transactions that the fund has classified as moderately liquid investments, less liquid investments, and illiquid investments, as determined pursuant to paragraph (b)(1)(ii)(C) of this section.
Illiquid investments. No fund or In-Kind ETF may acquire any illiquid investment if, immediately after the acquisition, the fund or In-Kind ETF would have invested more than 15% of its net assets in illiquid investments that are assets. If a fund or In-Kind ETF holds more than 15% of its net assets in illiquid investments that are assets:
It must cause the person(s) designated to administer the program to report such an occurrence to the fund's or In-Kind ETF's board of directors within one business day of the occurrence, with an explanation of the extent and causes of the occurrence, and how the fund or In-Kind ETF plans to bring its illiquid investments that are assets to or below 15% of its net assets within a reasonable period of time; and
If the amount of the fund's or In-Kind ETF's illiquid investments that are assets is still above 15% of its net assets 30 days from the occurrence (and at each consecutive 30 day period thereafter), the fund or In-Kind ETF's board of directors, including a majority of directors who are not interested persons of the fund or In-Kind ETF, must assess whether the plan presented to it pursuant to paragraph (b)(1)(iv)(A) continues to be in the best interest of the fund or In-Kind ETF.
Redemptions in Kind. A fund that engages in, or reserves the right to engage in, redemptions in kind and any In-Kind ETF must establish policies and procedures regarding how and when it will engage in such redemptions in kind.
Board oversight. A fund or In-Kind ETF's board of directors, including a majority of directors who are not interested persons of the fund or In-Kind ETF, must:
Initially approve the liquidity risk management program;
Approve the designation of the person(s) designated to administer the program; and
Review, no less frequently than annually, a written report prepared by the person(s) designated to administer the program that addresses the operation of the program and assesses its adequacy and effectiveness of implementation, including, if applicable, the operation of the highly liquid investment minimum, and any material changes to the program.
Recordkeeping. The fund or In-Kind ETF must maintain:
A written copy of the program and any associated policies and procedures adopted pursuant to paragraphs (b)(1) through (b)(2) of this section that are in effect, or at any time within the past five years were in effect, in an easily accessible place;
Copies of any materials provided to the board of directors in connection with its approval under paragraph (b)(2)(i) of this section, and materials provided to the board of directors under paragraph (b)(2)(iii) of this section, for at least five years after the end of the fiscal year in which the documents were provided, the first two years in an easily accessible place; and
If applicable, a written record of the policies and procedures related to how the highly liquid investment minimum, and any adjustments thereto, were determined, including assessment of the factors incorporated in paragraphs (b)(1)(iii)(A) through (B) of this section and any materials provided to the board pursuant to paragraph (b)(1)(iii)(A)(3) of this section, for a period of not less than five years (the first two years in an easily accessible place) following the determination of, and each change to, the highly liquid investment minimum.
UIT liquidity. On or before the date of initial deposit of portfolio securities into a registered UIT, the UIT's principal underwriter or depositor must determine that the portion of the illiquid investments that the UIT holds or will hold at the date of deposit that are assets is consistent with the redeemable nature of the securities it issues, and must maintain a record of that determination for the life of the UIT and for five years thereafter.
Notes, amendments, and revision history
Amendments
[81 FR 82264, Nov. 18, 2016, as amended at 85 FR 83295, Dec. 21, 2020]
Authority
Authority: 15 U.S.C. 80a-1 et seq., 80a-34(d), 80a-37, 80a-39, 1681w(a)(1), 6801-6809, 6825, and Pub. L. 111-203, sec. 939A, 124 Stat. 1376 (2010), unless otherwise noted. Section 270.0-1 also issued under sec. 38(a) (15 U.S.C. 80a-37(a)); Section 270.0-1(a)(7) is also issued under 15 U.S.C. 80a-10(e); Section 270.0-11 also issued under secs. 8, 24, 30 and 38, Investment Company Act (15 U.S.C. 80a-8, 80a-24, 80a-29 and 80a-37), secs. 6, 7, 8, 10 and 19(a), Securities Act (15 U.S.C. 77f, 77g, 77h, 77j, 77s(a)) and secs. 3(b), 12, 13, 14, 15(d) and 23(a), Exchange Act (15 U.S.C. 78c(b), 78l, 78m, 78n, 78o(d) and 78w(a)); Section 270.6a-5 is also issued under 15 U.S.C. 80a-6(a)(5)(A)(iv)(I). Section 270.6c-9 is also issued under secs. 6(c) (15 U.S.C. 80a-6(c)) and 38(a) (15 U.S.C. 80a-37(a)); Section 270.6c-10 is also issued under sec. 6(c) (15 U.S.C. 80a-6(c)); Section 270.6c-11 is also issued under 15 U.S.C. 80a-6(c) and 80a-37(a). Section 270.6e-3 is also issued under 15 U.S.C. 80a-5(e); Section 270.8b-11 is also issued under 15 U.S.C. 77s, 80a-8, and 80a-37; Section 270.10e-1 is also issued under 15 U.S.C. 80a-10(e); Sections 270.12d1-1, 270.12d1-2, and 270.12d1-3 are also issued under 15 U.S.C. 80a-6(c), 80a-12(d)(1)(J), and 80a-37(a). Section 270.12d3-1 is also issued under 15 U.S.C. 80a-6(c); Section 270.17a-8 is also issued under 15 U.S.C. 80a-6(c) and 80a-37(a); Section 270.17d-1 is also issued under 15 U.S.C. 80a-6(c), 80a-17(d), and 80a-37(a); Section 270.17e-1 is also issued under 15 U.S.C. 80a-6(c), 80a-30(a), and 80a-37(a); Section 270.17f-5 also issued under sec. 6(c) (15 U.S.C. 80a-6(c); Section 270.17g-1 is also issued under 15 U.S.C. 80a-6(c), 80a-17(d), 80a-17(g), and 80a-37(a); Section 270.17j-1 is also issued under secs. 206(4) and 211(a), Investment Advisers Act (15 U.S.C. 80b-6(4) and 80b-11(a)); Section 270.19b-1 is also issued under secs. 6(c) (15 U.S.C. 80a-6(c)), 19 (a) and (b) (15 U.S.C 80a-19 (a) and (b)), and 38(a) (15 U.S.C. 80a-37(a)); Section 270.22c-1 also issued under secs. 6(c), 22(c), and 38(a) (15 U.S.C. 80a-6(c), 80a-22(c), and 80a-37(a)); Section 270.23c-3 also issued under 15 U.S.C. 80a-23(c). Section 270.24f-2 also issued under 15 U.S.C. 80a-24(f)(4). Section 270.30a-1 is also issued under 15 U.S.C. 78m, 78o(d), 80a-8, and 80a-29. Section 270.30a-2 is also issued under 15 U.S.C. 78m, 78o(d), 80a-8, 80a-29, 7202, and 7241; and 18 U.S.C. 1350, unless otherwise noted. Section 270.30a-3 is also issued under 15 U.S.C. 78m, 78o(d), 80a-8, and 80a-29, and secs. 3(a) and 302, Pub. L. 107-204, 116 Stat. 745. Section 270.30b1-1 is also issued under 15 U.S.C. 78m, 78o(d), 80a-8, and 80a-29. Section 270.30b2-1 is also issued under 15 U.S.C. 78m, 78o(d), 80a-8, and 80a-29, and secs. 3(a) and 302, Pub. L. 107-204, 116 Stat. 745. Section 270.30d-1 is also issued under 15 U.S.C. 78m, 78o(d), 80a-8, and 80a-29, and secs. 3(a) and 302, Pub. L. 107-204, 116 Stat. 745. Section 270.30e-1 is also issued under 15 U.S.C. 77f, 77g, 77h, 77j, 77s, 78 l, 78m, 78n, 78o(d), 78w(a), 80a-8, 80a-29, and 80a-37; Section 270.31a-2 is also issued under 15 U.S.C. 80a-30.
Amendments
[81 FR 82264, Nov. 18, 2016, as amended at 85 FR 83295, Dec. 21, 2020]