14 C.F.R. §§ 91.1065–91.1107

§91.1065. Initial and recurrent pilot testing requirements.

14 C.F.R. § 91.1065

(a)

No program manager or owner may use a pilot, nor may any person serve as a pilot, unless, since the beginning of the 12th month before that service, that pilot has passed either a written or oral test (or a combination), given by the Administrator or an authorized check pilot, on that pilot's knowledge in the following areas—

(1)

The appropriate provisions of parts 61 and 91 of this chapter and the management specifications and the operating manual of the program manager;

(2)

For each type of aircraft to be flown by the pilot, the aircraft powerplant, major components and systems, major appliances, performance and operating limitations, standard and emergency operating procedures, and the contents of the accepted operating manual or equivalent, as applicable;

(3)

For each type of aircraft to be flown by the pilot, the method of determining compliance with weight and balance limitations for takeoff, landing and en route operations;

(4)

Navigation and use of air navigation aids appropriate to the operation or pilot authorization, including, when applicable, instrument approach facilities and procedures;

(5)

Air traffic control procedures, including IFR procedures when applicable;

(6)

Meteorology in general, including the principles of frontal systems, icing, fog, thunderstorms, and windshear, and, if appropriate for the operation of the program manager, high altitude weather;

(7)

Procedures for—

(i)

Recognizing and avoiding severe weather situations;

(ii)

Escaping from severe weather situations, in case of inadvertent encounters, including low-altitude windshear (except that rotorcraft aircraft pilots are not required to be tested on escaping from low-altitude windshear); and

(iii)

Operating in or near thunderstorms (including best penetration altitudes), turbulent air (including clear air turbulence), icing, hail, and other potentially hazardous meteorological conditions; and

(8)

New equipment, procedures, or techniques, as appropriate.

(b)

No program manager or owner may use a pilot, nor may any person serve as a pilot, in any aircraft unless, since the beginning of the 12th month before that service, that pilot has passed a competency check given by the Administrator or an authorized check pilot in that class of aircraft, if single-engine aircraft other than turbojet, or that type of aircraft, if rotorcraft, multiengine aircraft, or turbojet airplane, to determine the pilot's competence in practical skills and techniques in that aircraft or class of aircraft. The extent of the competency check will be determined by the Administrator or authorized check pilot conducting the competency check. The competency check may include any of the maneuvers and procedures currently required for the original issuance of the particular pilot certificate required for the operations authorized and appropriate to the category, class and type of aircraft involved. For the purposes of this paragraph, type, as to an airplane, means any one of a group of airplanes determined by the Administrator to have a similar means of propulsion, the same manufacturer, and no significantly different handling or flight characteristics. For the purposes of this paragraph, type, as to a rotorcraft, means a basic make and model.

(c)

The instrument proficiency check required by § 91.1069 may be substituted for the competency check required by this section for the type of aircraft used in the check.

(d)

For the purpose of this subpart, competent performance of a procedure or maneuver by a person to be used as a pilot requires that the pilot be the obvious master of the aircraft, with the successful outcome of the maneuver never in doubt.

(e)

The Administrator or authorized check pilot certifies the competency of each pilot who passes the knowledge or flight check in the program manager's pilot records.

(f)

All or portions of a required competency check may be given in an aircraft simulator or other appropriate training device, if approved by the Administrator.

(g)

If the program manager is authorized to conduct EFVS operations, the competency check in paragraph (b) of this section must include tasks appropriate to the EFVS operations the certificate holder is authorized to conduct.

Notes, amendments, and revision history

Amendments

[Docket FAA-2001-10047, 68 FR 54561, Sept. 17, 2003, as amended by Docket FAA-2013-0485, Amdt. 91-345, 81 FR 90175, Dec. 13, 2016]

Source

Source: Docket FAA-2001-10047, 68 FR 54561, Sept. 17, 2003, unless otherwise noted.

Authority

Authority: 49 U.S.C. 106(f), 40101, 40103, 40105, 40113, 40120, 44101, 44111, 44701, 44704, 44709, 44711, 44712, 44715,44716, 44717, 44722, 44740, 46306, 46315, 46316, 46504, 46506-46507, 47122, 47508,47528-47531, 47534; Pub. L. 112-95, 126 Stat. 11; Pub. L. 114-190, 130 Stat. 615 (49 U.S.C. 44703 note); sec. 828, Pub. L. 118-63, 138 Stat. 1330 (49 U.S.C. 44703 note); articles 12 and 29 of the Convention on International Civil Aviation, 61 Stat. 1180.

Amendments

[Docket FAA-2001-10047, 68 FR 54561, Sept. 17, 2003, as amended by Docket FAA-2013-0485, Amdt. 91-345, 81 FR 90175, Dec. 13, 2016]

§91.1067. Initial and recurrent flight attendant crewmember testing requirements.

14 C.F.R. § 91.1067

No program manager or owner may use a flight attendant crewmember, nor may any person serve as a flight attendant crewmember unless, since the beginning of the 12th month before that service, the program manager has determined by appropriate initial and recurrent testing that the person is knowledgeable and competent in the following areas as appropriate to assigned duties and responsibilities—

(a)

Authority of the pilot in command;

(b)

Passenger handling, including procedures to be followed in handling deranged persons or other persons whose conduct might jeopardize safety;

(c)

Crewmember assignments, functions, and responsibilities during ditching and evacuation of persons who may need the assistance of another person to move expeditiously to an exit in an emergency;

(d)

Briefing of passengers;

(e)

Location and operation of portable fire extinguishers and other items of emergency equipment;

(f)

Proper use of cabin equipment and controls;

(g)

Location and operation of passenger oxygen equipment;

(h)

Location and operation of all normal and emergency exits, including evacuation slides and escape ropes; and

(i)

Seating of persons who may need assistance of another person to move rapidly to an exit in an emergency as prescribed by the program manager's operations manual.

Notes, amendments, and revision history

Source

Source: Docket FAA-2001-10047, 68 FR 54561, Sept. 17, 2003, unless otherwise noted.

Authority

Authority: 49 U.S.C. 106(f), 40101, 40103, 40105, 40113, 40120, 44101, 44111, 44701, 44704, 44709, 44711, 44712, 44715,44716, 44717, 44722, 44740, 46306, 46315, 46316, 46504, 46506-46507, 47122, 47508,47528-47531, 47534; Pub. L. 112-95, 126 Stat. 11; Pub. L. 114-190, 130 Stat. 615 (49 U.S.C. 44703 note); sec. 828, Pub. L. 118-63, 138 Stat. 1330 (49 U.S.C. 44703 note); articles 12 and 29 of the Convention on International Civil Aviation, 61 Stat. 1180.

§91.1069. Flight crew: Instrument proficiency check requirements.

14 C.F.R. § 91.1069

(a)

No program manager or owner may use a pilot, nor may any person serve, as a pilot in command of an aircraft under IFR unless, since the beginning of the 6th month before that service, that pilot has passed an instrument proficiency check under this section administered by the Administrator or an authorized check pilot.

(b)

No program manager or owner may use a pilot, nor may any person serve, as a second command pilot of an aircraft under IFR unless, since the beginning of the 12th month before that service, that pilot has passed an instrument proficiency check under this section administered by the Administrator or an authorized check pilot.

(c)

No pilot may use any type of precision instrument approach procedure under IFR unless, since the beginning of the 6th month before that use, the pilot satisfactorily demonstrated that type of approach procedure. No pilot may use any type of nonprecision approach procedure under IFR unless, since the beginning of the 6th month before that use, the pilot has satisfactorily demonstrated either that type of approach procedure or any other two different types of nonprecision approach procedures. The instrument approach procedure or procedures must include at least one straight-in approach, one circling approach, and one missed approach. Each type of approach procedure demonstrated must be conducted to published minimums for that procedure.

(d)

The instrument proficiency checks required by paragraphs (a) and (b) of this section consists of either an oral or written equipment test (or a combination) and a flight check under simulated or actual IFR conditions. The equipment test includes questions on emergency procedures, engine operation, fuel and lubrication systems, power settings, stall speeds, best engine-out speed, propeller and supercharger operations, and hydraulic, mechanical, and electrical systems, as appropriate. The flight check includes navigation by instruments, recovery from simulated emergencies, and standard instrument approaches involving navigational facilities which that pilot is to be authorized to use.

(e)

Each pilot taking the instrument proficiency check must show that standard of competence required by § 91.1065(d).

(1)

The instrument proficiency check must—

(i)

For a pilot in command of an aircraft requiring that the PIC hold an airline transport pilot certificate, include the procedures and maneuvers for an airline transport pilot certificate in the particular type of aircraft, if appropriate; and

(ii)

For a pilot in command of a rotorcraft or a second in command of any aircraft requiring that the SIC hold a commercial pilot certificate include the procedures and maneuvers for a commercial pilot certificate with an instrument rating and, if required, for the appropriate type rating.

(2)

The instrument proficiency check must be given by an authorized check pilot or by the Administrator.

(f)

If the pilot is assigned to pilot only one type of aircraft, that pilot must take the instrument proficiency check required by paragraph (a) of this section in that type of aircraft.

(g)

If the pilot in command is assigned to pilot more than one type of aircraft, that pilot must take the instrument proficiency check required by paragraph (a) of this section in each type of aircraft to which that pilot is assigned, in rotation, but not more than one flight check during each period described in paragraph (a) of this section.

(h)

If the pilot in command is assigned to pilot both single-engine and multiengine aircraft, that pilot must initially take the instrument proficiency check required by paragraph (a) of this section in a multiengine aircraft, and each succeeding check alternately in single-engine and multiengine aircraft, but not more than one flight check during each period described in paragraph (a) of this section.

(i)

All or portions of a required flight check may be given in an aircraft simulator or other appropriate training device, if approved by the Administrator.

Notes, amendments, and revision history

Source

Source: Docket FAA-2001-10047, 68 FR 54561, Sept. 17, 2003, unless otherwise noted.

Authority

Authority: 49 U.S.C. 106(f), 40101, 40103, 40105, 40113, 40120, 44101, 44111, 44701, 44704, 44709, 44711, 44712, 44715,44716, 44717, 44722, 44740, 46306, 46315, 46316, 46504, 46506-46507, 47122, 47508,47528-47531, 47534; Pub. L. 112-95, 126 Stat. 11; Pub. L. 114-190, 130 Stat. 615 (49 U.S.C. 44703 note); sec. 828, Pub. L. 118-63, 138 Stat. 1330 (49 U.S.C. 44703 note); articles 12 and 29 of the Convention on International Civil Aviation, 61 Stat. 1180.

§91.1071. Crewmember: Tests and checks, grace provisions, training to accepted standards.

14 C.F.R. § 91.1071

(a)

If a crewmember who is required to take a test or a flight check under this subpart, completes the test or flight check in the month before or after the month in which it is required, that crewmember is considered to have completed the test or check in the month in which it is required.

(b)

If a pilot being checked under this subpart fails any of the required maneuvers, the person giving the check may give additional training to the pilot during the course of the check. In addition to repeating the maneuvers failed, the person giving the check may require the pilot being checked to repeat any other maneuvers that are necessary to determine the pilot's proficiency. If the pilot being checked is unable to demonstrate satisfactory performance to the person conducting the check, the program manager may not use the pilot, nor may the pilot serve, as a flight crewmember in operations under this subpart until the pilot has satisfactorily completed the check. If a pilot who demonstrates unsatisfactory performance is employed as a pilot for a certificate holder operating under part 121, 125, or 135 of this chapter, he or she must notify that certificate holder of the unsatisfactory performance.

Notes, amendments, and revision history

Source

Source: Docket FAA-2001-10047, 68 FR 54561, Sept. 17, 2003, unless otherwise noted.

Authority

Authority: 49 U.S.C. 106(f), 40101, 40103, 40105, 40113, 40120, 44101, 44111, 44701, 44704, 44709, 44711, 44712, 44715,44716, 44717, 44722, 44740, 46306, 46315, 46316, 46504, 46506-46507, 47122, 47508,47528-47531, 47534; Pub. L. 112-95, 126 Stat. 11; Pub. L. 114-190, 130 Stat. 615 (49 U.S.C. 44703 note); sec. 828, Pub. L. 118-63, 138 Stat. 1330 (49 U.S.C. 44703 note); articles 12 and 29 of the Convention on International Civil Aviation, 61 Stat. 1180.

§91.1073. Training program: General.

14 C.F.R. § 91.1073

(a)

Each program manager must have a training program and must:

(1)

Establish, obtain the appropriate initial and final approval of, and provide a training program that meets this subpart and that ensures that each crewmember, including each flight attendant if the program manager uses a flight attendant crewmember, flight instructor, check pilot, and each person assigned duties for the carriage and handling of hazardous materials (as defined in 49 CFR 171.8) is adequately trained to perform these assigned duties.

(2)

Provide adequate ground and flight training facilities and properly qualified ground instructors for the training required by this subpart.

(3)

Provide and keep current for each aircraft type used and, if applicable, the particular variations within the aircraft type, appropriate training material, examinations, forms, instructions, and procedures for use in conducting the training and checks required by this subpart.

(4)

Provide enough flight instructors, check pilots, and simulator instructors to conduct required flight training and flight checks, and simulator training courses allowed under this subpart.

(b)

Whenever a crewmember who is required to take recurrent training under this subpart completes the training in the month before, or the month after, the month in which that training is required, the crewmember is considered to have completed it in the month in which it was required.

(c)

Each instructor, supervisor, or check pilot who is responsible for a particular ground training subject, segment of flight training, course of training, flight check, or competence check under this subpart must certify as to the proficiency and knowledge of the crewmember, flight instructor, or check pilot concerned upon completion of that training or check. That certification must be made a part of the crewmember's record. When the certification required by this paragraph is made by an entry in a computerized recordkeeping system, the certifying instructor, supervisor, or check pilot, must be identified with that entry. However, the signature of the certifying instructor, supervisor, or check pilot is not required for computerized entries.

(d)

Training subjects that apply to more than one aircraft or crewmember position and that have been satisfactorily completed during previous training while employed by the program manager for another aircraft or another crewmember position, need not be repeated during subsequent training other than recurrent training.

(e)

Aircraft simulators and other training devices may be used in the program manager's training program if approved by the Administrator.

(f)

Each program manager is responsible for establishing safe and efficient crew management practices for all phases of flight in program operations including crew resource management training for all crewmembers used in program operations.

(g)

If an aircraft simulator has been approved by the Administrator for use in the program manager's training program, the program manager must ensure that each pilot annually completes at least one flight training session in an approved simulator for at least one program aircraft. The training session may be the flight training portion of any of the pilot training or check requirements of this subpart, including the initial, transition, upgrade, requalification, differences, or recurrent training, or the accomplishment of a competency check or instrument proficiency check. If there is no approved simulator for that aircraft type in operation, then all flight training and checking must be accomplished in the aircraft.

Notes, amendments, and revision history

Source

Source: Docket FAA-2001-10047, 68 FR 54561, Sept. 17, 2003, unless otherwise noted.

Authority

Authority: 49 U.S.C. 106(f), 40101, 40103, 40105, 40113, 40120, 44101, 44111, 44701, 44704, 44709, 44711, 44712, 44715,44716, 44717, 44722, 44740, 46306, 46315, 46316, 46504, 46506-46507, 47122, 47508,47528-47531, 47534; Pub. L. 112-95, 126 Stat. 11; Pub. L. 114-190, 130 Stat. 615 (49 U.S.C. 44703 note); sec. 828, Pub. L. 118-63, 138 Stat. 1330 (49 U.S.C. 44703 note); articles 12 and 29 of the Convention on International Civil Aviation, 61 Stat. 1180.

§91.1075. Training program: Special rules.

14 C.F.R. § 91.1075

Other than the program manager, only the following are eligible under this subpart to conduct training, testing, and checking under contract or other arrangement to those persons subject to the requirements of this subpart.

(a)

Another program manager operating under this subpart—

(b)

A training center certificated under part 142 of this chapter to conduct training, testing, and checking required by this subpart if the training center—

(1)

Holds applicable training specifications issued under part 142 of this chapter;

(2)

Has facilities, training equipment, and courseware meeting the applicable requirements of part 142 of this chapter;

(3)

Has approved curriculums, curriculum segments, and portions of curriculum segments applicable for use in training courses required by this subpart; and

(4)

Has sufficient instructors and check pilots qualified under the applicable requirements of §§ 91.1089 through 91.1095 to conduct training, testing, and checking to persons subject to the requirements of this subpart.

(c)

A part 119 certificate holder operating under part 121 or part 135 of this chapter.

(d)

As authorized by the Administrator, a training center that is not certificated under part 142 of this chapter.

Notes, amendments, and revision history

Source

Source: Docket FAA-2001-10047, 68 FR 54561, Sept. 17, 2003, unless otherwise noted.

Authority

Authority: 49 U.S.C. 106(f), 40101, 40103, 40105, 40113, 40120, 44101, 44111, 44701, 44704, 44709, 44711, 44712, 44715,44716, 44717, 44722, 44740, 46306, 46315, 46316, 46504, 46506-46507, 47122, 47508,47528-47531, 47534; Pub. L. 112-95, 126 Stat. 11; Pub. L. 114-190, 130 Stat. 615 (49 U.S.C. 44703 note); sec. 828, Pub. L. 118-63, 138 Stat. 1330 (49 U.S.C. 44703 note); articles 12 and 29 of the Convention on International Civil Aviation, 61 Stat. 1180.

§91.1077. Training program and revision: Initial and final approval.

14 C.F.R. § 91.1077

(a)

To obtain initial and final approval of a training program, or a revision to an approved training program, each program manager must submit to the Administrator—

(1)

An outline of the proposed or revised curriculum, that provides enough information for a preliminary evaluation of the proposed training program or revision; and

(2)

Additional relevant information that may be requested by the Administrator.

(b)

If the proposed training program or revision complies with this subpart, the Administrator grants initial approval in writing after which the program manager may conduct the training under that program. The Administrator then evaluates the effectiveness of the training program and advises the program manager of deficiencies, if any, that must be corrected.

(c)

The Administrator grants final approval of the proposed training program or revision if the program manager shows that the training conducted under the initial approval in paragraph (b) of this section ensures that each person who successfully completes the training is adequately trained to perform that person's assigned duties.

(d)

Whenever the Administrator finds that revisions are necessary for the continued adequacy of a training program that has been granted final approval, the program manager must, after notification by the Administrator, make any changes in the program that are found necessary by the Administrator. Within 30 days after the program manager receives the notice, it may file a petition to reconsider the notice with the Administrator. The filing of a petition to reconsider stays the notice pending a decision by the Administrator. However, if the Administrator finds that there is an emergency that requires immediate action in the interest of safety, the Administrator may, upon a statement of the reasons, require a change effective without stay.

Notes, amendments, and revision history

Source

Source: Docket FAA-2001-10047, 68 FR 54561, Sept. 17, 2003, unless otherwise noted.

Authority

Authority: 49 U.S.C. 106(f), 40101, 40103, 40105, 40113, 40120, 44101, 44111, 44701, 44704, 44709, 44711, 44712, 44715,44716, 44717, 44722, 44740, 46306, 46315, 46316, 46504, 46506-46507, 47122, 47508,47528-47531, 47534; Pub. L. 112-95, 126 Stat. 11; Pub. L. 114-190, 130 Stat. 615 (49 U.S.C. 44703 note); sec. 828, Pub. L. 118-63, 138 Stat. 1330 (49 U.S.C. 44703 note); articles 12 and 29 of the Convention on International Civil Aviation, 61 Stat. 1180.

§91.1079. Training program: Curriculum.

14 C.F.R. § 91.1079

(a)

Each program manager must prepare and keep current a written training program curriculum for each type of aircraft for each crewmember required for that type aircraft. The curriculum must include ground and flight training required by this subpart.

(b)

Each training program curriculum must include the following:

(1)

A list of principal ground training subjects, including emergency training subjects, that are provided.

(2)

A list of all the training devices, mock-ups, systems trainers, procedures trainers, or other training aids that the program manager will use.

(3)

Detailed descriptions or pictorial displays of the approved normal, abnormal, and emergency maneuvers, procedures and functions that will be performed during each flight training phase or flight check, indicating those maneuvers, procedures and functions that are to be performed during the inflight portions of flight training and flight checks.

Notes, amendments, and revision history

Source

Source: Docket FAA-2001-10047, 68 FR 54561, Sept. 17, 2003, unless otherwise noted.

Authority

Authority: 49 U.S.C. 106(f), 40101, 40103, 40105, 40113, 40120, 44101, 44111, 44701, 44704, 44709, 44711, 44712, 44715,44716, 44717, 44722, 44740, 46306, 46315, 46316, 46504, 46506-46507, 47122, 47508,47528-47531, 47534; Pub. L. 112-95, 126 Stat. 11; Pub. L. 114-190, 130 Stat. 615 (49 U.S.C. 44703 note); sec. 828, Pub. L. 118-63, 138 Stat. 1330 (49 U.S.C. 44703 note); articles 12 and 29 of the Convention on International Civil Aviation, 61 Stat. 1180.

§91.1081. Crewmember training requirements.

14 C.F.R. § 91.1081

(a)

Each program manager must include in its training program the following initial and transition ground training as appropriate to the particular assignment of the crewmember:

(1)

Basic indoctrination ground training for newly hired crewmembers including instruction in at least the—

(i)

Duties and responsibilities of crewmembers as applicable;

(ii)

Appropriate provisions of this chapter;

(iii)

Contents of the program manager's management specifications (not required for flight attendants); and

(iv)

Appropriate portions of the program manager's operating manual.

(2)

The initial and transition ground training in §§ 91.1101 and 91.1105, as applicable.

(3)

Emergency training in § 91.1083.

(b)

Each training program must provide the initial and transition flight training in § 91.1103, as applicable.

(c)

Each training program must provide recurrent ground and flight training as provided in § 91.1107.

(d)

Upgrade training in §§ 91.1101 and 91.1103 for a particular type aircraft may be included in the training program for crewmembers who have qualified and served as second in command on that aircraft.

(e)

In addition to initial, transition, upgrade and recurrent training, each training program must provide ground and flight training, instruction, and practice necessary to ensure that each crewmember—

(1)

Remains adequately trained and currently proficient for each aircraft, crewmember position, and type of operation in which the crewmember serves; and

(2)

Qualifies in new equipment, facilities, procedures, and techniques, including modifications to aircraft.

Notes, amendments, and revision history

Source

Source: Docket FAA-2001-10047, 68 FR 54561, Sept. 17, 2003, unless otherwise noted.

Authority

Authority: 49 U.S.C. 106(f), 40101, 40103, 40105, 40113, 40120, 44101, 44111, 44701, 44704, 44709, 44711, 44712, 44715,44716, 44717, 44722, 44740, 46306, 46315, 46316, 46504, 46506-46507, 47122, 47508,47528-47531, 47534; Pub. L. 112-95, 126 Stat. 11; Pub. L. 114-190, 130 Stat. 615 (49 U.S.C. 44703 note); sec. 828, Pub. L. 118-63, 138 Stat. 1330 (49 U.S.C. 44703 note); articles 12 and 29 of the Convention on International Civil Aviation, 61 Stat. 1180.

§91.1083. Crewmember emergency training.

14 C.F.R. § 91.1083

(a)

Each training program must provide emergency training under this section for each aircraft type, model, and configuration, each crewmember, and each kind of operation conducted, as appropriate for each crewmember and the program manager.

(b)

Emergency training must provide the following:

(1)

Instruction in emergency assignments and procedures, including coordination among crewmembers.

(2)

Individual instruction in the location, function, and operation of emergency equipment including—

(i)

Equipment used in ditching and evacuation;

(ii)

First aid equipment and its proper use; and

(iii)

Portable fire extinguishers, with emphasis on the type of extinguisher to be used on different classes of fires.

(3)

Instruction in the handling of emergency situations including—

(i)

Rapid decompression;

(ii)

Fire in flight or on the surface and smoke control procedures with emphasis on electrical equipment and related circuit breakers found in cabin areas;

(iii)

Ditching and evacuation;

(iv)

Illness, injury, or other abnormal situations involving passengers or crewmembers; and

(v)

Hijacking and other unusual situations.

(4)

Review and discussion of previous aircraft accidents and incidents involving actual emergency situations.

(c)

Each crewmember must perform at least the following emergency drills, using the proper emergency equipment and procedures, unless the Administrator finds that, for a particular drill, the crewmember can be adequately trained by demonstration:

(1)

Ditching, if applicable.

(2)

Emergency evacuation.

(3)

Fire extinguishing and smoke control.

(4)

Operation and use of emergency exits, including deployment and use of evacuation slides, if applicable.

(5)

Use of crew and passenger oxygen.

(6)

Removal of life rafts from the aircraft, inflation of the life rafts, use of lifelines, and boarding of passengers and crew, if applicable.

(7)

Donning and inflation of life vests and the use of other individual flotation devices, if applicable.

(d)

Crewmembers who serve in operations above 25,000 feet must receive instruction in the following:

(1)

Respiration.

(2)

Hypoxia.

(3)

Duration of consciousness without supplemental oxygen at altitude.

(4)

Gas expansion.

(5)

Gas bubble formation.

(6)

Physical phenomena and incidents of decompression.

Notes, amendments, and revision history

Source

Source: Docket FAA-2001-10047, 68 FR 54561, Sept. 17, 2003, unless otherwise noted.

Authority

Authority: 49 U.S.C. 106(f), 40101, 40103, 40105, 40113, 40120, 44101, 44111, 44701, 44704, 44709, 44711, 44712, 44715,44716, 44717, 44722, 44740, 46306, 46315, 46316, 46504, 46506-46507, 47122, 47508,47528-47531, 47534; Pub. L. 112-95, 126 Stat. 11; Pub. L. 114-190, 130 Stat. 615 (49 U.S.C. 44703 note); sec. 828, Pub. L. 118-63, 138 Stat. 1330 (49 U.S.C. 44703 note); articles 12 and 29 of the Convention on International Civil Aviation, 61 Stat. 1180.

§91.1085. Hazardous materials recognition training.

14 C.F.R. § 91.1085

No program manager may use any person to perform, and no person may perform, any assigned duties and responsibilities for the handling or carriage of hazardous materials (as defined in 49 CFR 171.8), unless that person has received training in the recognition of hazardous materials.

Notes, amendments, and revision history

Source

Source: Docket FAA-2001-10047, 68 FR 54561, Sept. 17, 2003, unless otherwise noted.

Authority

Authority: 49 U.S.C. 106(f), 40101, 40103, 40105, 40113, 40120, 44101, 44111, 44701, 44704, 44709, 44711, 44712, 44715,44716, 44717, 44722, 44740, 46306, 46315, 46316, 46504, 46506-46507, 47122, 47508,47528-47531, 47534; Pub. L. 112-95, 126 Stat. 11; Pub. L. 114-190, 130 Stat. 615 (49 U.S.C. 44703 note); sec. 828, Pub. L. 118-63, 138 Stat. 1330 (49 U.S.C. 44703 note); articles 12 and 29 of the Convention on International Civil Aviation, 61 Stat. 1180.

§91.1087. Approval of aircraft simulators and other training devices.

14 C.F.R. § 91.1087

(a)

Training courses using aircraft simulators and other training devices may be included in the program manager's training program if approved by the Administrator.

(b)

Each aircraft simulator and other training device that is used in a training course or in checks required under this subpart must meet the following requirements:

(1)

It must be specifically approved for—

(i)

The program manager; and

(ii)

The particular maneuver, procedure, or crewmember function involved.

(2)

It must maintain the performance, functional, and other characteristics that are required for approval.

(3)

Additionally, for aircraft simulators, it must be—

(i)

Approved for the type aircraft and, if applicable, the particular variation within type for which the training or check is being conducted; and

(ii)

Modified to conform with any modification to the aircraft being simulated that changes the performance, functional, or other characteristics required for approval.

(c)

A particular aircraft simulator or other training device may be used by more than one program manager.

(d)

In granting initial and final approval of training programs or revisions to them, the Administrator considers the training devices, methods, and procedures listed in the program manager's curriculum under § 91.1079.

Notes, amendments, and revision history

Source

Source: Docket FAA-2001-10047, 68 FR 54561, Sept. 17, 2003, unless otherwise noted.

Authority

Authority: 49 U.S.C. 106(f), 40101, 40103, 40105, 40113, 40120, 44101, 44111, 44701, 44704, 44709, 44711, 44712, 44715,44716, 44717, 44722, 44740, 46306, 46315, 46316, 46504, 46506-46507, 47122, 47508,47528-47531, 47534; Pub. L. 112-95, 126 Stat. 11; Pub. L. 114-190, 130 Stat. 615 (49 U.S.C. 44703 note); sec. 828, Pub. L. 118-63, 138 Stat. 1330 (49 U.S.C. 44703 note); articles 12 and 29 of the Convention on International Civil Aviation, 61 Stat. 1180.

§91.1089. Qualifications: Check pilots (aircraft) and check pilots (simulator).

14 C.F.R. § 91.1089

(a)

For the purposes of this section and § 91.1093:

(1)

A check pilot (aircraft) is a person who is qualified to conduct flight checks in an aircraft, in a flight simulator, or in a flight training device for a particular type aircraft.

(2)

A check pilot (simulator) is a person who is qualified to conduct flight checks, but only in a flight simulator, in a flight training device, or both, for a particular type aircraft.

(3)

Check pilots (aircraft) and check pilots (simulator) are those check pilots who perform the functions described in § 91.1073(a)(4) and (c).

(b)

No program manager may use a person, nor may any person serve as a check pilot (aircraft) in a training program established under this subpart unless, with respect to the aircraft type involved, that person—

(1)

Holds the pilot certificates and ratings required to serve as a pilot in command in operations under this subpart;

(2)

Has satisfactorily completed the training phases for the aircraft, including recurrent training, that are required to serve as a pilot in command in operations under this subpart;

(3)

Has satisfactorily completed the proficiency or competency checks that are required to serve as a pilot in command in operations under this subpart;

(4)

Has satisfactorily completed the applicable training requirements of § 91.1093;

(5)

Holds at least a Class III medical certificate unless serving as a required crewmember, in which case holds a Class I or Class II medical certificate as appropriate; and

(6)

Has been approved by the Administrator for the check pilot duties involved.

(c)

No program manager may use a person, nor may any person serve as a check pilot (simulator) in a training program established under this subpart unless, with respect to the aircraft type involved, that person meets the provisions of paragraph (b) of this section, or—

(1)

Holds the applicable pilot certificates and ratings, except medical certificate, required to serve as a pilot in command in operations under this subpart;

(2)

Has satisfactorily completed the appropriate training phases for the aircraft, including recurrent training, that are required to serve as a pilot in command in operations under this subpart;

(3)

Has satisfactorily completed the appropriate proficiency or competency checks that are required to serve as a pilot in command in operations under this subpart;

(4)

Has satisfactorily completed the applicable training requirements of § 91.1093; and

(5)

Has been approved by the Administrator for the check pilot (simulator) duties involved.

(d)

Completion of the requirements in paragraphs (b)(2), (3), and (4) or (c)(2), (3), and (4) of this section, as applicable, must be entered in the individual's training record maintained by the program manager.

(e)

A check pilot who does not hold an appropriate medical certificate may function as a check pilot (simulator), but may not serve as a flightcrew member in operations under this subpart.

(f)

A check pilot (simulator) must accomplish the following—

(1)

Fly at least two flight segments as a required crewmember for the type, class, or category aircraft involved within the 12-month period preceding the performance of any check pilot duty in a flight simulator; or

(2)

Before performing any check pilot duty in a flight simulator, satisfactorily complete an approved line-observation program within the period prescribed by that program.

(g)

The flight segments or line-observation program required in paragraph (f) of this section are considered to be completed in the month required if completed in the month before or the month after the month in which they are due.

Notes, amendments, and revision history

Source

Source: Docket FAA-2001-10047, 68 FR 54561, Sept. 17, 2003, unless otherwise noted.

Authority

Authority: 49 U.S.C. 106(f), 40101, 40103, 40105, 40113, 40120, 44101, 44111, 44701, 44704, 44709, 44711, 44712, 44715,44716, 44717, 44722, 44740, 46306, 46315, 46316, 46504, 46506-46507, 47122, 47508,47528-47531, 47534; Pub. L. 112-95, 126 Stat. 11; Pub. L. 114-190, 130 Stat. 615 (49 U.S.C. 44703 note); sec. 828, Pub. L. 118-63, 138 Stat. 1330 (49 U.S.C. 44703 note); articles 12 and 29 of the Convention on International Civil Aviation, 61 Stat. 1180.

§91.1091. Qualifications: Flight instructors (aircraft) and flight instructors (simulator).

14 C.F.R. § 91.1091

(a)

For the purposes of this section and § 91.1095:

(1)

A flight instructor (aircraft) is a person who is qualified to instruct in an aircraft, in a flight simulator, or in a flight training device for a particular type, class, or category aircraft.

(2)

A flight instructor (simulator) is a person who is qualified to instruct in a flight simulator, in a flight training device, or in both, for a particular type, class, or category aircraft.

(3)

Flight instructors (aircraft) and flight instructors (simulator) are those instructors who perform the functions described in § 91.1073(a)(4) and (c).

(b)

No program manager may use a person, nor may any person serve as a flight instructor (aircraft) in a training program established under this subpart unless, with respect to the type, class, or category aircraft involved, that person—

(1)

Holds the pilot certificates and ratings required to serve as a pilot in command in operations under this subpart or part 121 or 135 of this chapter;

(2)

Has satisfactorily completed the training phases for the aircraft, including recurrent training, that are required to serve as a pilot in command in operations under this subpart;

(3)

Has satisfactorily completed the proficiency or competency checks that are required to serve as a pilot in command in operations under this subpart;

(4)

Has satisfactorily completed the applicable training requirements of § 91.1095; and

(5)

Holds at least a Class III medical certificate.

(c)

No program manager may use a person, nor may any person serve as a flight instructor (simulator) in a training program established under this subpart, unless, with respect to the type, class, or category aircraft involved, that person meets the provisions of paragraph (b) of this section, or—

(1)

Holds the pilot certificates and ratings, except medical certificate, required to serve as a pilot in command in operations under this subpart or part 121 or 135 of this chapter;

(2)

Has satisfactorily completed the appropriate training phases for the aircraft, including recurrent training, that are required to serve as a pilot in command in operations under this subpart;

(3)

Has satisfactorily completed the appropriate proficiency or competency checks that are required to serve as a pilot in command in operations under this subpart; and

(4)

Has satisfactorily completed the applicable training requirements of § 91.1095.

(d)

Completion of the requirements in paragraphs (b)(2), (3), and (4) or (c)(2), (3), and (4) of this section, as applicable, must be entered in the individual's training record maintained by the program manager.

(e)

A pilot who does not hold a medical certificate may function as a flight instructor in an aircraft if functioning as a non-required crewmember, but may not serve as a flightcrew member in operations under this subpart.

(f)

A flight instructor (simulator) must accomplish the following—

(1)

Fly at least two flight segments as a required crewmember for the type, class, or category aircraft involved within the 12-month period preceding the performance of any flight instructor duty in a flight simulator; or

(2)

Satisfactorily complete an approved line-observation program within the period prescribed by that program preceding the performance of any flight instructor duty in a flight simulator.

(g)

The flight segments or line-observation program required in paragraph (f) of this section are considered completed in the month required if completed in the month before, or in the month after, the month in which they are due.

Notes, amendments, and revision history

Amendments

[Docket FAA-2001-10047, 68 FR 54561, Sept. 17, 2003, as amended by Amdt. 91-322, 76 FR 31823, June 2, 2011]

Source

Source: Docket FAA-2001-10047, 68 FR 54561, Sept. 17, 2003, unless otherwise noted.

Authority

Authority: 49 U.S.C. 106(f), 40101, 40103, 40105, 40113, 40120, 44101, 44111, 44701, 44704, 44709, 44711, 44712, 44715,44716, 44717, 44722, 44740, 46306, 46315, 46316, 46504, 46506-46507, 47122, 47508,47528-47531, 47534; Pub. L. 112-95, 126 Stat. 11; Pub. L. 114-190, 130 Stat. 615 (49 U.S.C. 44703 note); sec. 828, Pub. L. 118-63, 138 Stat. 1330 (49 U.S.C. 44703 note); articles 12 and 29 of the Convention on International Civil Aviation, 61 Stat. 1180.

Amendments

[Docket FAA-2001-10047, 68 FR 54561, Sept. 17, 2003, as amended by Amdt. 91-322, 76 FR 31823, June 2, 2011]

§91.1093. Initial and transition training and checking: Check pilots (aircraft), check pilots (simulator).

14 C.F.R. § 91.1093

(a)

No program manager may use a person nor may any person serve as a check pilot unless—

(1)

That person has satisfactorily completed initial or transition check pilot training; and

(2)

Within the preceding 24 months, that person satisfactorily conducts a proficiency or competency check under the observation of an FAA inspector or an aircrew designated examiner employed by the program manager. The observation check may be accomplished in part or in full in an aircraft, in a flight simulator, or in a flight training device.

(b)

The observation check required by paragraph (a)(2) of this section is considered to have been completed in the month required if completed in the month before or the month after the month in which it is due.

(c)

The initial ground training for check pilots must include the following:

(1)

Check pilot duties, functions, and responsibilities.

(2)

The applicable provisions of the Code of Federal Regulations and the program manager's policies and procedures.

(3)

The applicable methods, procedures, and techniques for conducting the required checks.

(4)

Proper evaluation of student performance including the detection of—

(i)

Improper and insufficient training; and

(ii)

Personal characteristics of an applicant that could adversely affect safety.

(5)

The corrective action in the case of unsatisfactory checks.

(6)

The approved methods, procedures, and limitations for performing the required normal, abnormal, and emergency procedures in the aircraft.

(d)

The transition ground training for a check pilot must include the approved methods, procedures, and limitations for performing the required normal, abnormal, and emergency procedures applicable to the aircraft to which the check pilot is in transition.

(e)

The initial and transition flight training for a check pilot (aircraft) must include the following—

(1)

The safety measures for emergency situations that are likely to develop during a check;

(2)

The potential results of improper, untimely, or nonexecution of safety measures during a check;

(3)

Training and practice in conducting flight checks from the left and right pilot seats in the required normal, abnormal, and emergency procedures to ensure competence to conduct the pilot flight checks required by this subpart; and

(4)

The safety measures to be taken from either pilot seat for emergency situations that are likely to develop during checking.

(f)

The requirements of paragraph (e) of this section may be accomplished in full or in part in flight, in a flight simulator, or in a flight training device, as appropriate.

(g)

The initial and transition flight training for a check pilot (simulator) must include the following:

(1)

Training and practice in conducting flight checks in the required normal, abnormal, and emergency procedures to ensure competence to conduct the flight checks required by this subpart. This training and practice must be accomplished in a flight simulator or in a flight training device.

(2)

Training in the operation of flight simulators, flight training devices, or both, to ensure competence to conduct the flight checks required by this subpart.

Notes, amendments, and revision history

Source

Source: Docket FAA-2001-10047, 68 FR 54561, Sept. 17, 2003, unless otherwise noted.

Authority

Authority: 49 U.S.C. 106(f), 40101, 40103, 40105, 40113, 40120, 44101, 44111, 44701, 44704, 44709, 44711, 44712, 44715,44716, 44717, 44722, 44740, 46306, 46315, 46316, 46504, 46506-46507, 47122, 47508,47528-47531, 47534; Pub. L. 112-95, 126 Stat. 11; Pub. L. 114-190, 130 Stat. 615 (49 U.S.C. 44703 note); sec. 828, Pub. L. 118-63, 138 Stat. 1330 (49 U.S.C. 44703 note); articles 12 and 29 of the Convention on International Civil Aviation, 61 Stat. 1180.

§91.1095. Initial and transition training and checking: Flight instructors (aircraft), flight instructors (simulator).

14 C.F.R. § 91.1095

(a)

No program manager may use a person nor may any person serve as a flight instructor unless—

(1)

That person has satisfactorily completed initial or transition flight instructor training; and

(2)

Within the preceding 24 months, that person satisfactorily conducts instruction under the observation of an FAA inspector, a program manager check pilot, or an aircrew designated examiner employed by the program manager. The observation check may be accomplished in part or in full in an aircraft, in a flight simulator, or in a flight training device.

(b)

The observation check required by paragraph (a)(2) of this section is considered to have been completed in the month required if completed in the month before, or the month after, the month in which it is due.

(c)

The initial ground training for flight instructors must include the following:

(1)

Flight instructor duties, functions, and responsibilities.

(2)

The applicable Code of Federal Regulations and the program manager's policies and procedures.

(3)

The applicable methods, procedures, and techniques for conducting flight instruction.

(4)

Proper evaluation of student performance including the detection of—

(i)

Improper and insufficient training; and

(ii)

Personal characteristics of an applicant that could adversely affect safety.

(5)

The corrective action in the case of unsatisfactory training progress.

(6)

The approved methods, procedures, and limitations for performing the required normal, abnormal, and emergency procedures in the aircraft.

(7)

Except for holders of a flight instructor certificate—

(i)

The fundamental principles of the teaching-learning process;

(ii)

Teaching methods and procedures; and

(iii)

The instructor-student relationship.

(d)

The transition ground training for flight instructors must include the approved methods, procedures, and limitations for performing the required normal, abnormal, and emergency procedures applicable to the type, class, or category aircraft to which the flight instructor is in transition.

(e)

The initial and transition flight training for flight instructors (aircraft) must include the following—

(1)

The safety measures for emergency situations that are likely to develop during instruction;

(2)

The potential results of improper or untimely safety measures during instruction;

(3)

Training and practice from the left and right pilot seats in the required normal, abnormal, and emergency maneuvers to ensure competence to conduct the flight instruction required by this subpart; and

(4)

The safety measures to be taken from either the left or right pilot seat for emergency situations that are likely to develop during instruction.

(f)

The requirements of paragraph (e) of this section may be accomplished in full or in part in flight, in a flight simulator, or in a flight training device, as appropriate.

(g)

The initial and transition flight training for a flight instructor (simulator) must include the following:

(1)

Training and practice in the required normal, abnormal, and emergency procedures to ensure competence to conduct the flight instruction required by this subpart. These maneuvers and procedures must be accomplished in full or in part in a flight simulator or in a flight training device.

(2)

Training in the operation of flight simulators, flight training devices, or both, to ensure competence to conduct the flight instruction required by this subpart.

Notes, amendments, and revision history

Source

Source: Docket FAA-2001-10047, 68 FR 54561, Sept. 17, 2003, unless otherwise noted.

Authority

Authority: 49 U.S.C. 106(f), 40101, 40103, 40105, 40113, 40120, 44101, 44111, 44701, 44704, 44709, 44711, 44712, 44715,44716, 44717, 44722, 44740, 46306, 46315, 46316, 46504, 46506-46507, 47122, 47508,47528-47531, 47534; Pub. L. 112-95, 126 Stat. 11; Pub. L. 114-190, 130 Stat. 615 (49 U.S.C. 44703 note); sec. 828, Pub. L. 118-63, 138 Stat. 1330 (49 U.S.C. 44703 note); articles 12 and 29 of the Convention on International Civil Aviation, 61 Stat. 1180.

§91.1097. Pilot and flight attendant crewmember training programs.

14 C.F.R. § 91.1097

(a)

Each program manager must establish and maintain an approved pilot training program, and each program manager who uses a flight attendant crewmember must establish and maintain an approved flight attendant training program, that is appropriate to the operations to which each pilot and flight attendant is to be assigned, and will ensure that they are adequately trained to meet the applicable knowledge and practical testing requirements of §§ 91.1065 through 91.1071.

(b)

Each program manager required to have a training program by paragraph (a) of this section must include in that program ground and flight training curriculums for—

(1)

Initial training;

(2)

Transition training;

(3)

Upgrade training;

(4)

Differences training;

(5)

Recurrent training; and

(6)

Requalification training.

(c)

Each program manager must provide current and appropriate study materials for use by each required pilot and flight attendant.

(d)

The program manager must furnish copies of the pilot and flight attendant crewmember training program, and all changes and additions, to the assigned representative of the Administrator. If the program manager uses training facilities of other persons, a copy of those training programs or appropriate portions used for those facilities must also be furnished. Curricula that follow FAA published curricula may be cited by reference in the copy of the training program furnished to the representative of the Administrator and need not be furnished with the program.

Notes, amendments, and revision history

Source

Source: Docket FAA-2001-10047, 68 FR 54561, Sept. 17, 2003, unless otherwise noted.

Authority

Authority: 49 U.S.C. 106(f), 40101, 40103, 40105, 40113, 40120, 44101, 44111, 44701, 44704, 44709, 44711, 44712, 44715,44716, 44717, 44722, 44740, 46306, 46315, 46316, 46504, 46506-46507, 47122, 47508,47528-47531, 47534; Pub. L. 112-95, 126 Stat. 11; Pub. L. 114-190, 130 Stat. 615 (49 U.S.C. 44703 note); sec. 828, Pub. L. 118-63, 138 Stat. 1330 (49 U.S.C. 44703 note); articles 12 and 29 of the Convention on International Civil Aviation, 61 Stat. 1180.

§91.1099. Crewmember initial and recurrent training requirements.

14 C.F.R. § 91.1099

No program manager may use a person, nor may any person serve, as a crewmember in operations under this subpart unless that crewmember has completed the appropriate initial or recurrent training phase of the training program appropriate to the type of operation in which the crewmember is to serve since the beginning of the 12th month before that service.

Notes, amendments, and revision history

Source

Source: Docket FAA-2001-10047, 68 FR 54561, Sept. 17, 2003, unless otherwise noted.

Authority

Authority: 49 U.S.C. 106(f), 40101, 40103, 40105, 40113, 40120, 44101, 44111, 44701, 44704, 44709, 44711, 44712, 44715,44716, 44717, 44722, 44740, 46306, 46315, 46316, 46504, 46506-46507, 47122, 47508,47528-47531, 47534; Pub. L. 112-95, 126 Stat. 11; Pub. L. 114-190, 130 Stat. 615 (49 U.S.C. 44703 note); sec. 828, Pub. L. 118-63, 138 Stat. 1330 (49 U.S.C. 44703 note); articles 12 and 29 of the Convention on International Civil Aviation, 61 Stat. 1180.

§91.1101. Pilots: Initial, transition, and upgrade ground training.

14 C.F.R. § 91.1101

Initial, transition, and upgrade ground training for pilots must include instruction in at least the following, as applicable to their duties:

(a)

General subjects—

(1)

The program manager's flight locating procedures;

(2)

Principles and methods for determining weight and balance, and runway limitations for takeoff and landing;

(3)

Enough meteorology to ensure a practical knowledge of weather phenomena, including the principles of frontal systems, icing, fog, thunderstorms, windshear and, if appropriate, high altitude weather situations;

(4)

Air traffic control systems, procedures, and phraseology;

(5)

Navigation and the use of navigational aids, including instrument approach procedures;

(6)

Normal and emergency communication procedures;

(7)

Visual cues before and during descent below Decision Altitude or MDA; and

(8)

Other instructions necessary to ensure the pilot's competence.

(b)

For each aircraft type—

(1)

A general description;

(2)

Performance characteristics;

(3)

Engines and propellers;

(4)

Major components;

(5)

Major aircraft systems (that is, flight controls, electrical, and hydraulic), other systems, as appropriate, principles of normal, abnormal, and emergency operations, appropriate procedures and limitations;

(6)

Knowledge and procedures for—

(i)

Recognizing and avoiding severe weather situations;

(ii)

Escaping from severe weather situations, in case of inadvertent encounters, including low-altitude windshear (except that rotorcraft pilots are not required to be trained in escaping from low-altitude windshear);

(iii)

Operating in or near thunderstorms (including best penetration altitudes), turbulent air (including clear air turbulence), inflight icing, hail, and other potentially hazardous meteorological conditions; and

(iv)

Operating airplanes during ground icing conditions, (that is, any time conditions are such that frost, ice, or snow may reasonably be expected to adhere to the aircraft), if the program manager expects to authorize takeoffs in ground icing conditions, including:

(A)

The use of holdover times when using deicing/anti-icing fluids;

(B)

Airplane deicing/anti-icing procedures, including inspection and check procedures and responsibilities;

(C)

Communications;

(D)

Airplane surface contamination (that is, adherence of frost, ice, or snow) and critical area identification, and knowledge of how contamination adversely affects airplane performance and flight characteristics;

(E)

Types and characteristics of deicing/anti-icing fluids, if used by the program manager;

(F)

Cold weather preflight inspection procedures;

(G)

Techniques for recognizing contamination on the airplane;

(7)

Operating limitations;

(8)

Fuel consumption and cruise control;

(9)

Flight planning;

(10)

Each normal and emergency procedure; and

(11)

The approved Aircraft Flight Manual or equivalent.

Notes, amendments, and revision history

Source

Source: Docket FAA-2001-10047, 68 FR 54561, Sept. 17, 2003, unless otherwise noted.

Authority

Authority: 49 U.S.C. 106(f), 40101, 40103, 40105, 40113, 40120, 44101, 44111, 44701, 44704, 44709, 44711, 44712, 44715,44716, 44717, 44722, 44740, 46306, 46315, 46316, 46504, 46506-46507, 47122, 47508,47528-47531, 47534; Pub. L. 112-95, 126 Stat. 11; Pub. L. 114-190, 130 Stat. 615 (49 U.S.C. 44703 note); sec. 828, Pub. L. 118-63, 138 Stat. 1330 (49 U.S.C. 44703 note); articles 12 and 29 of the Convention on International Civil Aviation, 61 Stat. 1180.

§91.1103. Pilots: Initial, transition, upgrade, requalification, and differences flight training.

14 C.F.R. § 91.1103

(a)

Initial, transition, upgrade, requalification, and differences training for pilots must include flight and practice in each of the maneuvers and procedures contained in each of the curriculums that are a part of the approved training program.

(b)

The maneuvers and procedures required by paragraph (a) of this section must be performed in flight, except to the extent that certain maneuvers and procedures may be performed in an aircraft simulator, or an appropriate training device, as allowed by this subpart.

(c)

If the program manager's approved training program includes a course of training using an aircraft simulator or other training device, each pilot must successfully complete—

(1)

Training and practice in the simulator or training device in at least the maneuvers and procedures in this subpart that are capable of being performed in the aircraft simulator or training device; and

(2)

A flight check in the aircraft or a check in the simulator or training device to the level of proficiency of a pilot in command or second in command, as applicable, in at least the maneuvers and procedures that are capable of being performed in an aircraft simulator or training device.

Notes, amendments, and revision history

Source

Source: Docket FAA-2001-10047, 68 FR 54561, Sept. 17, 2003, unless otherwise noted.

Authority

Authority: 49 U.S.C. 106(f), 40101, 40103, 40105, 40113, 40120, 44101, 44111, 44701, 44704, 44709, 44711, 44712, 44715,44716, 44717, 44722, 44740, 46306, 46315, 46316, 46504, 46506-46507, 47122, 47508,47528-47531, 47534; Pub. L. 112-95, 126 Stat. 11; Pub. L. 114-190, 130 Stat. 615 (49 U.S.C. 44703 note); sec. 828, Pub. L. 118-63, 138 Stat. 1330 (49 U.S.C. 44703 note); articles 12 and 29 of the Convention on International Civil Aviation, 61 Stat. 1180.

§91.1105. Flight attendants: Initial and transition ground training.

14 C.F.R. § 91.1105

Initial and transition ground training for flight attendants must include instruction in at least the following—

(a)

General subjects—

(1)

The authority of the pilot in command; and

(2)

Passenger handling, including procedures to be followed in handling deranged persons or other persons whose conduct might jeopardize safety.

(b)

For each aircraft type—

(1)

A general description of the aircraft emphasizing physical characteristics that may have a bearing on ditching, evacuation, and inflight emergency procedures and on other related duties;

(2)

The use of both the public address system and the means of communicating with other flight crewmembers, including emergency means in the case of attempted hijacking or other unusual situations; and

(3)

Proper use of electrical galley equipment and the controls for cabin heat and ventilation.

Notes, amendments, and revision history

Source

Source: Docket FAA-2001-10047, 68 FR 54561, Sept. 17, 2003, unless otherwise noted.

Authority

Authority: 49 U.S.C. 106(f), 40101, 40103, 40105, 40113, 40120, 44101, 44111, 44701, 44704, 44709, 44711, 44712, 44715,44716, 44717, 44722, 44740, 46306, 46315, 46316, 46504, 46506-46507, 47122, 47508,47528-47531, 47534; Pub. L. 112-95, 126 Stat. 11; Pub. L. 114-190, 130 Stat. 615 (49 U.S.C. 44703 note); sec. 828, Pub. L. 118-63, 138 Stat. 1330 (49 U.S.C. 44703 note); articles 12 and 29 of the Convention on International Civil Aviation, 61 Stat. 1180.

§91.1107. Recurrent training.

14 C.F.R. § 91.1107

(a)

Each program manager must ensure that each crewmember receives recurrent training and is adequately trained and currently proficient for the type aircraft and crewmember position involved.

(b)

Recurrent ground training for crewmembers must include at least the following:

(1)

A quiz or other review to determine the crewmember's knowledge of the aircraft and crewmember position involved.

(2)

Instruction as necessary in the subjects required for initial ground training by this subpart, as appropriate, including low-altitude windshear training and training on operating during ground icing conditions, as prescribed in § 91.1097 and described in § 91.1101, and emergency training.

(c)

Recurrent flight training for pilots must include, at least, flight training in the maneuvers or procedures in this subpart, except that satisfactory completion of the check required by § 91.1065 within the preceding 12 months may be substituted for recurrent flight training.

Notes, amendments, and revision history

Source

Source: Docket FAA-2001-10047, 68 FR 54561, Sept. 17, 2003, unless otherwise noted.

Authority

Authority: 49 U.S.C. 106(f), 40101, 40103, 40105, 40113, 40120, 44101, 44111, 44701, 44704, 44709, 44711, 44712, 44715,44716, 44717, 44722, 44740, 46306, 46315, 46316, 46504, 46506-46507, 47122, 47508,47528-47531, 47534; Pub. L. 112-95, 126 Stat. 11; Pub. L. 114-190, 130 Stat. 615 (49 U.S.C. 44703 note); sec. 828, Pub. L. 118-63, 138 Stat. 1330 (49 U.S.C. 44703 note); articles 12 and 29 of the Convention on International Civil Aviation, 61 Stat. 1180.