14 C.F.R. §§ 25.1503–25.1533

§25.1503. Airspeed limitations: general.

14 C.F.R. § 25.1503

When airspeed limitations are a function of weight, weight distribution, altitude, or Mach number, limitations corresponding to each critical combination of these factors must be established.

Notes, amendments, and revision history

Authority

Authority: 49 U.S.C. 106(f), 106(g), 40113, 44701, 44702 and 44704; Pub. L. 115-254, 132 Stat 3281 (49 U.S.C. 44903 note).

Source

Source: Docket No. 5066, 29 FR 18291, Dec. 24, 1964, unless otherwise noted.

§25.1505. Maximum operating limit speed.

14 C.F.R. § 25.1505

The maximum operating limit speed (VMO/MMO airspeed or Mach Number, whichever is critical at a particular altitude) is a speed that may not be deliberately exceeded in any regime of flight (climb, cruise, or descent), unless a higher speed is authorized for flight test or pilot training operations. VMO/MMO must be established so that it is not greater than the design cruising speed VC and so that it is sufficiently below VD/MD or VDF/MDF, to make it highly improbable that the latter speeds will be inadvertently exceeded in operations. The speed margin between VMO/MMO and VD/MD or VDFM/DF may not be less than that determined under § 25.335(b) or found necessary during the flight tests conducted under § 25.253.

Notes, amendments, and revision history

Amendments

[Amdt. 25-23, 35 FR 5680, Apr. 8, 1970]

Authority

Authority: 49 U.S.C. 106(f), 106(g), 40113, 44701, 44702 and 44704; Pub. L. 115-254, 132 Stat 3281 (49 U.S.C. 44903 note).

Source

Source: Docket No. 5066, 29 FR 18291, Dec. 24, 1964, unless otherwise noted.

Amendments

[Amdt. 25-23, 35 FR 5680, Apr. 8, 1970]

§25.1507. Maneuvering speed.

14 C.F.R. § 25.1507

The maneuvering speed must be established so that it does not exceed the design maneuvering speed VA determined under § 25.335(c).

Notes, amendments, and revision history

Authority

Authority: 49 U.S.C. 106(f), 106(g), 40113, 44701, 44702 and 44704; Pub. L. 115-254, 132 Stat 3281 (49 U.S.C. 44903 note).

Source

Source: Docket No. 5066, 29 FR 18291, Dec. 24, 1964, unless otherwise noted.

§25.1511. Flap extended speed.

14 C.F.R. § 25.1511

The established flap extended speed VFE must be established so that it does not exceed the design flap speed VF chosen under §§ 25.335(e) and 25.345, for the corresponding flap positions and engine powers.

Notes, amendments, and revision history

Authority

Authority: 49 U.S.C. 106(f), 106(g), 40113, 44701, 44702 and 44704; Pub. L. 115-254, 132 Stat 3281 (49 U.S.C. 44903 note).

Source

Source: Docket No. 5066, 29 FR 18291, Dec. 24, 1964, unless otherwise noted.

§25.1513. Minimum control speed.

14 C.F.R. § 25.1513

The minimum control speed VMC determined under § 25.149 must be established as an operating limitation.

Notes, amendments, and revision history

Authority

Authority: 49 U.S.C. 106(f), 106(g), 40113, 44701, 44702 and 44704; Pub. L. 115-254, 132 Stat 3281 (49 U.S.C. 44903 note).

Source

Source: Docket No. 5066, 29 FR 18291, Dec. 24, 1964, unless otherwise noted.

§25.1515. Landing gear speeds.

14 C.F.R. § 25.1515

(a)

The established landing gear operating speed or speeds, VLO, may not exceed the speed at which it is safe both to extend and to retract the landing gear, as determined under § 25.729 or by flight characteristics. If the extension speed is not the same as the retraction speed, the two speeds must be designated as VLO(EXT) and VLO(RET), respectively.

(b)

The established landing gear extended speed VLE may not exceed the speed at which it is safe to fly with the landing gear secured in the fully extended position, and that determined under § 25.729.

Notes, amendments, and revision history

Amendments

[Doc. No. 5066, 29 FR 18291, Dec. 24, 1964, as amended by Amdt. 25-38, 41 FR 55468, Dec. 20, 1976]

Authority

Authority: 49 U.S.C. 106(f), 106(g), 40113, 44701, 44702 and 44704; Pub. L. 115-254, 132 Stat 3281 (49 U.S.C. 44903 note).

Source

Source: Docket No. 5066, 29 FR 18291, Dec. 24, 1964, unless otherwise noted.

Amendments

[Doc. No. 5066, 29 FR 18291, Dec. 24, 1964, as amended by Amdt. 25-38, 41 FR 55468, Dec. 20, 1976]

§25.1516. Other speed limitations.

14 C.F.R. § 25.1516

Any other limitation associated with speed must be established.

Notes, amendments, and revision history

Amendments

[Doc. No. 2000-8511, 66 FR 34024, June 26, 2001]

Authority

Authority: 49 U.S.C. 106(f), 106(g), 40113, 44701, 44702 and 44704; Pub. L. 115-254, 132 Stat 3281 (49 U.S.C. 44903 note).

Source

Source: Docket No. 5066, 29 FR 18291, Dec. 24, 1964, unless otherwise noted.

Amendments

[Doc. No. 2000-8511, 66 FR 34024, June 26, 2001]

§25.1517. Rough air speed, V RA.

14 C.F.R. § 25.1517

(a)

A rough air speed, VRA, for use as the recommended turbulence penetration airspeed, and a rough air Mach number, MRA, for use as the recommended turbulence penetration Mach number, must be established. VRA/MRA must be sufficiently less than VMO/MMO to ensure that likely speed variation during rough air encounters will not cause the overspeed warning to operate too frequently.

(b)

At altitudes where VMO is not limited by Mach number, in the absence of a rational investigation substantiating the use of other values, VRA must be less than VMO minus 35 KTAS.

(c)

At altitudes where VMO is limited by Mach number, MRA may be chosen to provide an optimum margin between low and high speed buffet boundaries.

Notes, amendments, and revision history

Amendments

[Amdt. 25-141, 79 FR 73469, Dec. 11, 2014, as amended by FAA-2022-1355; Amdt. No. 25-148, 87 FR 75710, Dec. 9, 2022; 88 FR 2813, Jan. 18, 2023]

Authority

Authority: 49 U.S.C. 106(f), 106(g), 40113, 44701, 44702 and 44704; Pub. L. 115-254, 132 Stat 3281 (49 U.S.C. 44903 note).

Source

Source: Docket No. 5066, 29 FR 18291, Dec. 24, 1964, unless otherwise noted.

Amendments

[Amdt. 25-141, 79 FR 73469, Dec. 11, 2014, as amended by FAA-2022-1355; Amdt. No. 25-148, 87 FR 75710, Dec. 9, 2022; 88 FR 2813, Jan. 18, 2023]

§25.1519. Weight, center of gravity, and weight distribution.

14 C.F.R. § 25.1519

The airplane weight, center of gravity, and weight distribution limitations determined under §§ 25.23 through 25.27 must be established as operating limitations.

Notes, amendments, and revision history

Authority

Authority: 49 U.S.C. 106(f), 106(g), 40113, 44701, 44702 and 44704; Pub. L. 115-254, 132 Stat 3281 (49 U.S.C. 44903 note).

Source

Source: Docket No. 5066, 29 FR 18291, Dec. 24, 1964, unless otherwise noted.

§25.1521. Powerplant limitations.

14 C.F.R. § 25.1521

(a)

General. The powerplant limitations prescribed in this section must be established so that they do not exceed the corresponding limits for which the engines or propellers are type certificated and do not exceed the values on which compliance with any other requirement of this part is based.

(b)

Reciprocating engine installations. Operating limitations relating to the following must be established for reciprocating engine installations:

(1)

Horsepower or torque, r.p.m., manifold pressure, and time at critical pressure altitude and sea level pressure altitude for—

(i)

Maximum continuous power (relating to unsupercharged operation or to operation in each supercharger mode as applicable); and

(ii)

Takeoff power (relating to unsupercharged operation or to operation in each supercharger mode as applicable).

(2)

Fuel grade or specification.

(3)

Cylinder head and oil temperatures.

(4)

Any other parameter for which a limitation has been established as part of the engine type certificate except that a limitation need not be established for a parameter that cannot be exceeded during normal operation due to the design of the installation or to another established limitation.

(c)

Turbine engine installations. Operating limitations relating to the following must be established for turbine engine installations:

(1)

Horsepower, torque or thrust, r.p.m., gas temperature, and time for—

(i)

Maximum continuous power or thrust (relating to augmented or unaugmented operation as applicable).

(ii)

Takeoff power or thrust (relating to augmented or unaugmented operation as applicable).

(2)

Fuel designation or specification.

(3)

Maximum time interval between engine run-ups from idle, run-up power setting and duration at power for ground operation in icing conditions, as defined in § 25.1093(b)(2).

(4)

Any other parameter for which a limitation has been established as part of the engine type certificate except that a limitation need not be established for a parameter that cannot be exceeded during normal operation due to the design of the installation or to another established limitation.

(d)

Ambient temperature. An ambient temperature limitation (including limitations for winterization installations, if applicable) must be established as the maximum ambient atmospheric temperature established in accordance with § 25.1043(b).

Notes, amendments, and revision history

Amendments

[Amdt. 25-72, 55 FR 29786, July 20, 1990, as amended by Amdt. 25-140, 79 FR 65528, Nov. 4, 2014]

Authority

Authority: 49 U.S.C. 106(f), 106(g), 40113, 44701, 44702 and 44704; Pub. L. 115-254, 132 Stat 3281 (49 U.S.C. 44903 note).

Source

Source: Docket No. 5066, 29 FR 18291, Dec. 24, 1964, unless otherwise noted.

Amendments

[Amdt. 25-72, 55 FR 29786, July 20, 1990, as amended by Amdt. 25-140, 79 FR 65528, Nov. 4, 2014]

§25.1522. Auxiliary power unit limitations.

14 C.F.R. § 25.1522

If an auxiliary power unit is installed in the airplane, limitations established for the auxiliary power unit, including categories of operation, must be specified as operating limitations for the airplane.

Notes, amendments, and revision history

Amendments

[Amdt. 25-72, 55 FR 29786, July 20, 1990]

Authority

Authority: 49 U.S.C. 106(f), 106(g), 40113, 44701, 44702 and 44704; Pub. L. 115-254, 132 Stat 3281 (49 U.S.C. 44903 note).

Source

Source: Docket No. 5066, 29 FR 18291, Dec. 24, 1964, unless otherwise noted.

Amendments

[Amdt. 25-72, 55 FR 29786, July 20, 1990]

§25.1523. Minimum flight crew.

14 C.F.R. § 25.1523

The minimum flight crew must be established so that it is sufficient for safe operation, considering—

(a)

The workload on individual crewmembers;

(b)

The accessibility and ease of operation of necessary controls by the appropriate crewmember; and

(c)

The kind of operation authorized under § 25.1525.

Notes, amendments, and revision history

Amendments

[Doc. No. 5066, 29 FR 18291, Dec. 24, 1964, as amended by Amdt. 25-3, 30 FR 6067, Apr. 29, 1965]

Authority

Authority: 49 U.S.C. 106(f), 106(g), 40113, 44701, 44702 and 44704; Pub. L. 115-254, 132 Stat 3281 (49 U.S.C. 44903 note).

Source

Source: Docket No. 5066, 29 FR 18291, Dec. 24, 1964, unless otherwise noted.

Amendments

[Doc. No. 5066, 29 FR 18291, Dec. 24, 1964, as amended by Amdt. 25-3, 30 FR 6067, Apr. 29, 1965]

§25.1525. Kinds of operation.

14 C.F.R. § 25.1525

The kinds of operation to which the airplane is limited are established by the category in which it is eligible for certification and by the installed equipment.

Notes, amendments, and revision history

Authority

Authority: 49 U.S.C. 106(f), 106(g), 40113, 44701, 44702 and 44704; Pub. L. 115-254, 132 Stat 3281 (49 U.S.C. 44903 note).

Source

Source: Docket No. 5066, 29 FR 18291, Dec. 24, 1964, unless otherwise noted.

§25.1527. Ambient air temperature and operating altitude.

14 C.F.R. § 25.1527

The extremes of the ambient air temperature and operating altitude for which operation is allowed, as limited by flight, structural, powerplant, functional, or equipment characteristics, must be established.

Notes, amendments, and revision history

Amendments

[Doc. No. 2000-8511, 66 FR 34024, June 26, 2001]

Authority

Authority: 49 U.S.C. 106(f), 106(g), 40113, 44701, 44702 and 44704; Pub. L. 115-254, 132 Stat 3281 (49 U.S.C. 44903 note).

Source

Source: Docket No. 5066, 29 FR 18291, Dec. 24, 1964, unless otherwise noted.

Amendments

[Doc. No. 2000-8511, 66 FR 34024, June 26, 2001]

§25.1529. Instructions for Continued Airworthiness.

14 C.F.R. § 25.1529

The applicant must prepare Instructions for Continued Airworthiness in accordance with appendix H to this part that are acceptable to the Administrator. The instructions may be incomplete at type certification if a program exists to ensure their completion prior to delivery of the first airplane or issuance of a standard certificate of airworthiness, whichever occurs later.

Notes, amendments, and revision history

Amendments

[Amdt. 25-54, 45 FR 60173, Sept. 11, 1980]

Authority

Authority: 49 U.S.C. 106(f), 106(g), 40113, 44701, 44702 and 44704; Pub. L. 115-254, 132 Stat 3281 (49 U.S.C. 44903 note).

Source

Source: Docket No. 5066, 29 FR 18291, Dec. 24, 1964, unless otherwise noted.

Amendments

[Amdt. 25-54, 45 FR 60173, Sept. 11, 1980]

§25.1531. Maneuvering flight load factors.

14 C.F.R. § 25.1531

Load factor limitations, not exceeding the positive limit load factors determined from the maneuvering diagram in § 25.333(b), must be established.

Notes, amendments, and revision history

Authority

Authority: 49 U.S.C. 106(f), 106(g), 40113, 44701, 44702 and 44704; Pub. L. 115-254, 132 Stat 3281 (49 U.S.C. 44903 note).

Source

Source: Docket No. 5066, 29 FR 18291, Dec. 24, 1964, unless otherwise noted.

§25.1533. Additional operating limitations.

14 C.F.R. § 25.1533

(a)

Additional operating limitations must be established as follows:

(1)

The maximum takeoff weights must be established as the weights at which compliance is shown with the applicable provisions of this part (including the takeoff climb provisions of § 25.121(a) through (c), for altitudes and ambient temperatures).

(2)

The maximum landing weights must be established as the weights at which compliance is shown with the applicable provisions of this part (including the landing and approach climb provisions of §§ 25.119 and 25.121(d) for altitudes and ambient temperatures).

(3)

The minimum takeoff distances must be established as the distances at which compliance is shown with the applicable provisions of this part (including the provisions of §§ 25.109 and 25.113, for weights, altitudes, temperatures, wind components, runway surface conditions (dry and wet), and runway gradients) for smooth, hard-surfaced runways. Additionally, at the option of the applicant, wet runway takeoff distances may be established for runway surfaces that have been grooved or treated with a porous friction course, and may be approved for use on runways where such surfaces have been designed constructed, and maintained in a manner acceptable to the Administrator.

(b)

The extremes for variable factors (such as altitude, temperature, wind, and runway gradients) are those at which compliance with the applicable provisions of this part is shown.

(c)

For airplanes certified in accordance with § 25.1420(a)(1) or (2), an operating limitation must be established to:

(1)

Prohibit intentional flight, including takeoff and landing, into icing conditions defined in Appendix O of this part for which the airplane has not been certified to safely operate; and

(2)

Require exiting all icing conditions if icing conditions defined in Appendix O of this part are encountered for which the airplane has not been certified to safely operate.

Notes, amendments, and revision history

Amendments

[Doc. No. 5066, 29 FR 18291, Dec. 24, 1964, as amended by Amdt. 25-38, 41 FR 55468, Dec. 20, 1976; Amdt. 25-72, 55 FR 29786, July 20, 1990; Amdt. 25-92, 63 FR 8321, Feb. 18, 1998; Amdt. 25-140, 79 FR 65528, Nov. 4, 2014]

Authority

Authority: 49 U.S.C. 106(f), 106(g), 40113, 44701, 44702 and 44704; Pub. L. 115-254, 132 Stat 3281 (49 U.S.C. 44903 note).

Source

Source: Docket No. 5066, 29 FR 18291, Dec. 24, 1964, unless otherwise noted.

Amendments

[Doc. No. 5066, 29 FR 18291, Dec. 24, 1964, as amended by Amdt. 25-38, 41 FR 55468, Dec. 20, 1976; Amdt. 25-72, 55 FR 29786, July 20, 1990; Amdt. 25-92, 63 FR 8321, Feb. 18, 1998; Amdt. 25-140, 79 FR 65528, Nov. 4, 2014]