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14 C.F.R. §§ 135.337–135.340

4 sections in range

§135.337. Qualifications: Check pilots.

14 C.F.R. § 135.337

(a)
For the purposes of this part—
(1)
A check pilot (aircraft) is a person who is qualified to conduct flight checks in an aircraft for a particular type aircraft.
(2)
A check-pilot (FSTD) is a person who is qualified to conduct flight checks only in an FSTD for a particular type aircraft.
(3)
Check pilots are those persons who perform the functions described in §§ 135.321(a) and 135.323(a)(4) and (c).
(b)
No certificate holder may use a person, nor may any person serve as a check pilot in a training program established under this subpart unless, with respect to the aircraft type involved, that person—
(1)
Holds the pilot certificates and ratings required to serve as a pilot in command in operations under this part;
(2)
Has satisfactorily completed the appropriate training phases for the aircraft, including recurrent training, that are required to serve as a pilot in command in operations under this part;
(3)
Has satisfactorily completed the proficiency or competency checks that are required to serve as a pilot in command in operations under this part;
(4)
Has satisfactorily completed the applicable training requirements of § 135.339;
(5)
Has been approved by the Administrator for the check pilot duties involved.
(c)
Completion of the requirements in paragraphs (b)(2), (3), and (4) of this section, as applicable, shall be entered in the individual's training record maintained by the certificate holder.
(d)
A check pilot (FSTD) must accomplish the following—
(1)
Fly at least two flight segments as a required crewmember for the type, class, or category aircraft involved within the 12-month period preceding the performance of any check-pilot duty in an FSTD; or
(2)
Satisfactorily complete an approved line-observation program within the period prescribed by that program and that must precede the performance of any check pilot duty in an FSTD.
(e)
The flight segments or line-observation program required in paragraph (d) of this section are considered to be completed in the month required if completed in the calendar month before or the calendar month after the month in which they are due.
(f)
A person who serves as a required flightcrew member while performing check pilot duties must also meet the requirements of this chapter for the duty position in which they are serving.
Notes, amendments, and revision history

Amendments

[Docket FAA-2019-0360, Amdt. 135-145, 89 FR 51431, June 18, 2024]

Authority

Authority: 49 U.S.C. 106(f), 40113, 41706, 44701-44702, 44705, 44709, 44711-44713, 44715-44717, 44722, 44730, 45101-45105; Pub. L. 112-95, 126 Stat. 58 (49 U.S.C. 44730).

Source

Source: Docket 16097, 43 FR 46783, Oct. 10, 1978, unless otherwise noted.

Amendments

[Docket FAA-2019-0360, Amdt. 135-145, 89 FR 51431, June 18, 2024]

§135.338. Qualifications: Flight instructors.

14 C.F.R. § 135.338

(a)
For the purposes of this part—
(1)
A flight instructor (aircraft) is a person who is qualified to instruct in an aircraft for a particular type, class, or category aircraft.
(2)
A flight instructor (FSTD) is a person who is qualified to instruct only in an FSTD for a particular type, class, or category aircraft.
(3)
Flight instructors are those instructors who perform the functions described in §§ 135.321(a) and 135.323(a)(4) and (c).
(b)
No certificate holder may use a person, nor may any person serve as a flight instructor in a training program established under this subpart unless, with respect to the type, class, or category aircraft involved, that person—
(1)
Holds the pilot certificates and ratings required to serve as a pilot in command in operations under this part;
(2)
Has satisfactorily completed the appropriate training phases for the aircraft, including recurrent training, that are required to serve as a pilot in command in operations under this part;
(3)
Has satisfactorily completed the proficiency or competency checks that are required to serve as a pilot in command in operations under this part;
(4)
Has satisfactorily completed the applicable training requirements of § 135.340.
(c)
Completion of the requirements in paragraphs (b)(2), (3), and (4) of this section shall be entered in the individual's training record maintained by the certificate holder.
(d)
A flight instructor (FSTD) must accomplish the following—
(1)
Fly at least two flight segments as a required crewmember for the type, class, or category aircraft involved within the 12-month period preceding the performance of any flight instructor duty in an FSTD; or
(2)
Satisfactorily complete an approved line-observation program within the period prescribed by that program preceding the performance of any flight instructor duty in an FSTD.
(e)
The flight segments or line-observation program required in paragraph (d) of this section are considered completed in the month required if completed in the calendar month before, or in the calendar month after, the month in which they are due.
(f)
A person who serves as a required flightcrew member while performing flight instructor duties must also meet the requirements of this chapter for the duty position in which they are serving.
Notes, amendments, and revision history

Amendments

[Docket FAA-2019-0360, Amdt. 135-145, 89 FR 51431, June 18, 2024]

Authority

Authority: 49 U.S.C. 106(f), 40113, 41706, 44701-44702, 44705, 44709, 44711-44713, 44715-44717, 44722, 44730, 45101-45105; Pub. L. 112-95, 126 Stat. 58 (49 U.S.C. 44730).

Source

Source: Docket 16097, 43 FR 46783, Oct. 10, 1978, unless otherwise noted.

Amendments

[Docket FAA-2019-0360, Amdt. 135-145, 89 FR 51431, June 18, 2024]

§135.339. Initial and transition training and checking: Check pilots.

14 C.F.R. § 135.339

(a)
No certificate holder may use a person nor may any person serve as a check pilot unless—
(1)
That person has satisfactorily completed initial or transition check pilot training; and
(2)
Within the preceding 24 calendar months, that person satisfactorily conducts a proficiency or competency check under the observation of an FAA inspector or an aircrew designated examiner employed by the operator. The observation check may be accomplished in part or in full in an aircraft, in a flight simulator, or in a flight training device. This paragraph applies after March 19, 1997.
(b)
The observation check required by paragraph (a)(2) of this section is considered to have been completed in the month required if completed in the calendar month before or the calendar month after the month in which it is due.
(c)
The initial ground training for check pilots must include the following:
(1)
Check pilot duties, functions, and responsibilities.
(2)
The applicable Code of Federal Regulations and the certificate holder's policies and procedures.
(3)
The applicable methods, procedures, and techniques for conducting the required checks.
(4)
Proper evaluation of student performance including the detection of—
(i)
Improper and insufficient training; and
(ii)
Personal characteristics of an applicant that could adversely affect safety.
(5)
The corrective action in the case of unsatisfactory checks.
(6)
The approved methods, procedures, and limitations for performing the required normal, abnormal, and emergency procedures in the aircraft.
(d)
The transition ground training for check pilots must include the approved methods, procedures, and limitations for performing the required normal, abnormal, and emergency procedures applicable to the aircraft to which the check pilot is in transition.
(e)
The initial and transition flight training for check pilots (aircraft) must include the following—
(1)
The safety measures for emergency situations that are likely to develop during a check;
(2)
The potential results of improper, untimely, or nonexecution of safety measures during a check;
(3)
Training and practice in conducting flight checks from the left and right pilot seats, or in the case of powered-lift with one pilot seat from that seat as well as providing training and instruction from an observation seat, in the required normal, abnormal, and emergency procedures to ensure competence to conduct the pilot flight checks required by this part; and
(4)
The safety measures to be taken from either pilot seat, or in the case of powered-lift with one pilot seat from that seat as well as providing training and instruction from an observation seat, for emergency situations that are likely to develop during checking.
(f)
The requirements of paragraph (e) of this section may be accomplished in full or in part in flight, in a flight simulator, or in a flight training device, as appropriate.
(g)
The initial and transition flight training for check pilots (FSTD) must include the following:
(1)
Training and practice in conducting flight checks in the required normal, abnormal, and emergency procedures to ensure competence to conduct the flight checks required by this part. This training and practice must be accomplished in a flight simulator or in a flight training device.
(2)
Training in the operation of flight simulators, flight training devices, or both, to ensure competence to conduct the flight checks required by this part.
Notes, amendments, and revision history

Amendments

[Docket 28471, 61 FR 30745, June 17, 1996; 62 FR 3739, Jan. 24, 1997, as amended by Docket FAA-2019-0360; Amdt. 135-145, 89 FR 51431, June 18, 2024; Amdt. 135-145A, 89 FR 105448, Dec. 27, 2024; Docket FAA-2023-1275, Amdt. 135-147, 89 FR 92488, Nov. 21, 2024]

Authority

Authority: 49 U.S.C. 106(f), 40113, 41706, 44701-44702, 44705, 44709, 44711-44713, 44715-44717, 44722, 44730, 45101-45105; Pub. L. 112-95, 126 Stat. 58 (49 U.S.C. 44730).

Source

Source: Docket 16097, 43 FR 46783, Oct. 10, 1978, unless otherwise noted.

Amendments

[Docket 28471, 61 FR 30745, June 17, 1996; 62 FR 3739, Jan. 24, 1997, as amended by Docket FAA-2019-0360; Amdt. 135-145, 89 FR 51431, June 18, 2024; Amdt. 135-145A, 89 FR 105448, Dec. 27, 2024; Docket FAA-2023-1275, Amdt. 135-147, 89 FR 92488, Nov. 21, 2024]

§135.340. Initial and transition training and checking: Flight instructors.

14 C.F.R. § 135.340

(a)
No certificate holder may use a person nor may any person serve as a flight instructor unless—
(1)
That person has satisfactorily completed initial or transition flight instructor training; and
(2)
Within the preceding 24 calendar months, that person satisfactorily conducts instruction under the observation of an FAA inspector, an operator check pilot, or an aircrew designated examiner employed by the operator. The observation check may be accomplished in part or in full in an aircraft, in a flight simulator, or in a flight training device.
(b)
The observation check required by paragraph (a)(2) of this section is considered to have been completed in the month required if completed in the calendar month before, or the calendar month after, the month in which it is due.
(c)
The initial ground training for flight instructors must include the following:
(1)
Flight instructor duties, functions, and responsibilities.
(2)
The applicable Code of Federal Regulations and the certificate holder's policies and procedures.
(3)
The applicable methods, procedures, and techniques for conducting flight instruction.
(4)
Proper evaluation of student performance including the detection of—
(i)
Improper and insufficient training; and
(ii)
Personal characteristics of an applicant that could adversely affect safety.
(5)
The corrective action in the case of unsatisfactory training progress.
(6)
The approved methods, procedures, and limitations for performing the required normal, abnormal, and emergency procedures in the aircraft.
(7)
Except for holders of a flight instructor certificate—
(i)
The fundamental principles of the teaching-learning process;
(ii)
Teaching methods and procedures; and
(iii)
The instructor-student relationship.
(d)
The transition ground training for flight instructors must include the approved methods, procedures, and limitations for performing the required normal, abnormal, and emergency procedures applicable to the type, class, or category aircraft to which the flight instructor is in transition.
(e)
The initial and transition flight training for flight instructors (aircraft) must include the following—
(1)
The safety measures for emergency situations that are likely to develop during instruction;
(2)
The potential results of improper or untimely safety measures during instruction;
(3)
Training and practice from the left and right pilot seats, or in the case of powered-lift with one pilot seat from that seat as well as providing training and instruction from an observation seat, in the required normal, abnormal, and emergency maneuvers to ensure competence to conduct the flight instruction required by this part; and
(4)
The safety measures to be taken from either the left or right pilot seat, or in the case of powered-lift with one pilot seat from that seat as well as providing training and instruction from an observation seat, for emergency situations that are likely to develop during instruction.
(f)
The requirements of paragraph (e) of this section may be accomplished in full or in part in flight, in a flight simulator, or in a flight training device, as appropriate.
(g)
The initial and transition flight training for a flight instructor (FSTD) must include the following:
(1)
Training and practice in the required normal, abnormal, and emergency procedures to ensure competence to conduct the flight instruction required by this part. These maneuvers and procedures must be accomplished in full or in part in a flight simulator or in a flight training device.
(2)
Training in the operation of flight simulators, flight training devices, or both, to ensure competence to conduct the flight instruction required by this part.
Notes, amendments, and revision history

Amendments

[Docket 28471, 61 FR 30745, June 17, 1996; 61 FR 34927, July 3, 1996; 62 FR 3739, Jan. 24, 1997, as amended by Docket FAA-2019-0360, Amdt. 135-145, 89 FR 51432, June 18, 2024; Amdt. 135-145A, 89 FR 105448, Dec. 27, 2024; Docket FAA-2023-1275, Amdt. 135-147, 89 FR 92488, Nov. 21, 2024]

Authority

Authority: 49 U.S.C. 106(f), 40113, 41706, 44701-44702, 44705, 44709, 44711-44713, 44715-44717, 44722, 44730, 45101-45105; Pub. L. 112-95, 126 Stat. 58 (49 U.S.C. 44730).

Source

Source: Docket 16097, 43 FR 46783, Oct. 10, 1978, unless otherwise noted.

Amendments

[Docket 28471, 61 FR 30745, June 17, 1996; 61 FR 34927, July 3, 1996; 62 FR 3739, Jan. 24, 1997, as amended by Docket FAA-2019-0360, Amdt. 135-145, 89 FR 51432, June 18, 2024; Amdt. 135-145A, 89 FR 105448, Dec. 27, 2024; Docket FAA-2023-1275, Amdt. 135-147, 89 FR 92488, Nov. 21, 2024]