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H.R. 4090 — what changed

Critical Mineral Dominance Act

From Introduced in House to Reported in House. 7 sections amended and 1 added between Introduced in House and Reported in House.

Section 1 Short title

changed It is the policy of the United States to establish the position of the United States This Act may be cited as the leading producer of hardrock minerals, including rare earth minerals, which will—“Critical Mineral Dominance Act”.

(1)
removed create jobs and prosperity at home;
(2)
removed strengthen supply chains for the United States and the allies of the United States;
(3)
removed safeguard the national Security of the United States; and
(4)
removed reduce the global influence of malign and adversarial states.

Sec. 2 Policy

added It is the policy of the United States to establish the position of the United States as the leading producer of hardrock minerals, including rare earth minerals, which will—

(a)
removed Cost of net import reliance— Not later than 90 days after the date of the enactment of this Act, the Secretary shall submit to the Committee on Natural Resources of the House of Representatives and the Committee on Energy and Natural Resources of the Senate—
(1)
removed for each mineral commodity included in the document published by the United States Geological Survey titled “Mineral Commodity Summaries 2025” (Version 1.2; March 2025) for which the United States is reliant on imports, the dollar value associated with such reliance; and
(2)
removed the overall impact on the economy of the United States of imports and exports of mineral commodities listed in the document published by the United States Geological Survey titled “Mineral Commodity Summaries 2025” (Version 1.2; March 2025) for which the United States is reliant on imports.
(1)
changed Subsequent inclusion— Beginning in 2026, the Secretary, acting through the Director of the United States Geological Survey, shall include in each Mineral Commodity Summaries published by the United States Geological Survey the information described in paragraphs (1) create jobs and (2) of subsection (a).prosperity at home;
(2)
added strengthen supply chains for the United States and the allies of the United States;
(3)
added safeguard the national Security of the United States; and
(4)
added reduce the global influence of malign and adversarial states.

Sec. 3 Analyzing economic impacts of mineral net import reliance

(a)
added Cost of net import reliance— Not later than 90 days after the date of the enactment of this Act, the Secretary shall submit to the Committee on Natural Resources of the House of Representatives and the Committee on Energy and Natural Resources of the Senate—
(a)
removed Project identification—
(1)
removed In general— Not later than 10 days after the date of the enactment of this Act and annually thereafter, the Secretary, in consultation with the Secretary of Agriculture, shall submit to the Committee on Natural Resources of the House of Representatives and the Committee on Energy and Natural Resources of the Senate a list of each mining project on Federal land for which a plan of operations, a permit application, or other application for approval has been submitted to the Department of the Interior.
(1)
changed Approval of certain projects— Not later than 10 days after the date on which the Secretary submits for each mineral commodity included in the list required under paragraph (1), document published by the Secretary shall, in consultation with United States Geological Survey titled “Mineral Commodity Summaries 2025” (Version 1.2; March 2025) for which the Secretary of Agriculture, with respect to each mining project included United States is reliant on imports, the list—dollar value associated with such reliance; and
(2)
added the overall impact on the economy of the United States of imports and exports of mineral commodities listed in the document published by the United States Geological Survey titled “Mineral Commodity Summaries 2025” (Version 1.2; March 2025) for which the United States is reliant on imports.
(A)
removed identify each priority mining project for which the Secretary can immediately approve or issue each plan of operations, permit application, and other application for approval submitted to the Department of the Interior; and
(B)
removed take all necessary and appropriate actions to expedite and approve or issue each such plan of operations, permit application, and other application for approval.
(b)
changed Identification of potential hardrock mineral and byproduct production—Subsequent inclusion— Not later than 10 days after the date of the enactment of this Act, Beginning in 2026, the Secretary, in consultation with acting through the Secretary Director of Agriculture, shall submit to the Committee on Natural Resources of United States Geological Survey, shall include in each Mineral Commodity Summaries published by the House of Representatives and United States Geological Survey the Committee on Energy information described in paragraphs (1) and Natural Resources of the Senate a list (2) of each mining project on Federal land, whether active, inactive, or proposed, that has the potential to—subsection (a).
(1)
removed increase production of hardrock minerals or the byproducts of hardrock minerals;
(2)
removed expand operations to include the byproducts of hardrock minerals; or
(3)
removed produce hardrock minerals from mine tailings.

Sec. 4 Priority projects

(a)
added Project identification—
(1)
added In general— Not later than 10 days after the date of the enactment of this Act and annually thereafter, the Secretary, in consultation with the Secretary of Agriculture, shall submit to the Committee on Natural Resources of the House of Representatives and the Committee on Energy and Natural Resources of the Senate a list of each mining project on Federal land for which a plan of operations, a permit application, or other application for approval has been submitted to the Department of the Interior.
(a)
removed In general— The Secretary shall identify all Federal land managed by the Secretary or the Secretary of Agriculture, which may be leased for the exploration, development, or production of hardrock minerals or is open to location under the Act of May 10, 1872 (commonly known as the Mining Law of 1872), where—
(2)
changed Approval of certain projects— hardrock mineral exploration is being conducted;Not later than 10 days after the date on which the Secretary submits the list required under paragraph (1), the Secretary shall, in consultation with the Secretary of Agriculture, with respect to each mining project included on the list—
(A)
added identify each priority mining project for which the Secretary can immediately approve or issue each plan of operations, permit application, and other application for approval submitted to the Department of the Interior; and
(B)
added take all necessary and appropriate actions to expedite and approve or issue each such plan of operations, permit application, and other application for approval.
(2)
removed the Secretary, in consultation with the United States Geological Survey, determines hardrock minerals may be present but where thorough exploration has not been conducted; or
(3)
removed known economically recoverable hardrock minerals are present.
(b)
changed Priority—Identification of potential hardrock mineral and byproduct production— In identifying Federal land under subsection (a), Not later than 10 days after the date of the enactment of this Act, the Secretary, in consultation with the Secretary of Agriculture, shall prioritize identifying Federal land submit to the Committee on which Natural Resources of the exploration, construction, or operation House of Representatives and the Committee on Energy and Natural Resources of the Senate a list of each mining project—project on Federal land, whether active, inactive, or proposed, that has the potential to—
(1)
changed can most quickly be fully permitted and operational; andincrease production of hardrock minerals or the byproducts of hardrock minerals;
(2)
changed would have the greatest potential effect on expand operations to include the robustness byproducts of the domestic mineral supply chain.hardrock minerals;
(3)
added produce hardrock minerals from mine tailings; or
(4)
added produce hardrock minerals from coal ash and other coal byproducts.
(c)
changed Submission of list—Report on barriers to byproduct production— The Not later than one year after the date of enactment of this Act, the Secretary shall annually submit a report to the Committee on Natural Resources of the House of Representatives and the Committee on Energy and Natural Resources of the Senate a list of all on the barriers to byproduct production from mining projects on Federal land identified under subsection (a).land, including recommendations to Congress on how to reduce those barriers.

Sec. 5 Mining potential on Federal land

(a)
changed Identifying burdensome Federal regulations—In general— Not later than 90 days after The Secretary shall identify all Federal land managed by the date Secretary or the Secretary of Agriculture, which may be leased for the enactment exploration, development, or production of this Act, hardrock minerals or is open to location under the Secretary, in consultation with Act of May 10, 1872 (commonly known as the Secretary Mining Law of Agriculture, shall—1872), where—
(1)
changed review all existing regulations, orders, guidance documents, policies, settlements, consent orders, public land withdrawals, and any other agency actions within the jurisdiction of the Secretary (in this section referred to collectively as “agency action”) to identify each agency action that imposes an undue burden on the exploration, identification, development, or operation of domestic mining projects;hardrock mineral exploration is being conducted;
(2)
changed solicit industry feedback on regulatory bottlenecks and recommended strategies to expedite approval of mining projects on Federal land; andthe Secretary, in consultation with the United States Geological Survey, determines hardrock minerals may be present but where thorough exploration has not been conducted; or
(3)
changed begin implementing an action plan—known economically recoverable hardrock minerals are present.
(A)
removed to implement industry feedback received pursuant to paragraph (2); and
(B)
removed suspend, revise, or rescind, as applicable, each agency action identified as unduly burdensome under paragraph (1) as expeditiously as possible.
(b)
changed Report—Priority— Not later than 180 days after the date of the enactment of this Act, the Secretary, in consultation with In identifying Federal land under subsection (a), the Secretary of Agriculture, shall submit to Congress prioritize identifying Federal land on which the exploration, construction, or operation of a report including—mining project—
(1)
changed recommendations for changes to law in effect as of the date of the enactment of this Act necessary to accomplish the policy described in section 1; can most quickly be fully permitted and operational; and
(2)
changed a nationwide review of State and local statutes, regulations, and ordinances would have the Secretary determines impede development greatest potential effect on the robustness of the domestic mining and mineral exploration projects.supply chain.
(c)
added Submission of list— The Secretary shall annually submit to the Committee on Natural Resources of the House of Representatives and the Committee on Energy and Natural Resources of the Senate a list of all Federal land identified under subsection (a).

Sec. 6 Regulatory review

(a)
changed In general—Identifying burdensome Federal regulations— The Secretary shall prioritize efforts to accelerate Not later than 90 days after the ongoing, detailed geologic mapping date of the United States, enactment of this Act, the Secretary, in consultation with a focus on mapping previously unknown deposits the Secretary of hardrock minerals.Agriculture, shall—
(1)
added review all existing regulations, orders, guidance documents, policies, settlements, consent orders, public land withdrawals, and any other agency actions within the jurisdiction of the Secretary (in this section referred to collectively as “agency action”) to identify each agency action that imposes an undue burden on the exploration, identification, development, or operation of domestic mining projects;
(2)
added solicit industry feedback on regulatory bottlenecks and recommended strategies to expedite approval of mining projects on Federal land; and
(3)
added begin implementing an action plan—
(A)
added to implement industry feedback received pursuant to paragraph (2); and
(B)
added suspend, revise, or rescind, as applicable, each agency action identified as unduly burdensome under paragraph (1) as expeditiously as possible.
(b)
changed Report— Not later than 1 year 180 days after the date of the enactment of this Act, the Secretary, in consultation with the Secretary of Agriculture, shall submit to the Committee on Natural Resources of the House of Representatives and the Committee on Energy and Natural Resources of the Senate Congress a report regarding the progress and estimated completion date of the comprehensive national modern surface and subsurface mapping and data integration effort of the Department of the Interior described in section 40201 of the Infrastructure Investment and Jobs Act (43 U.S.C. 311).including—
(1)
added recommendations for changes to law in effect as of the date of the enactment of this Act necessary to accomplish the policy described in section 2; and
(2)
added a nationwide review of State and local statutes, regulations, and ordinances the Secretary determines impede development of domestic mining and mineral exploration projects.

Sec. 7 Map baby map

(a)
added In general— The Secretary shall prioritize efforts to accelerate the ongoing, detailed geologic mapping of the United States, with a focus on mapping previously unknown deposits of hardrock minerals.

removed In this Act:

(b)
changed Federal land—Report— The term Federal land means—Not later than 1 year after the date of the enactment of this Act, the Secretary shall submit to the Committee on Natural Resources of the House of Representatives and the Committee on Energy and Natural Resources of the Senate a report regarding the progress and estimated completion date of the comprehensive national modern surface and subsurface mapping and data integration effort of the Department of the Interior described in section 40201 of the Infrastructure Investment and Jobs Act (43 U.S.C. 311).
(A)
removed National Forest System land;
(B)
removed public lands; and
(C)
removed any land that may be leased for the exploration, development, or production of hardrock minerals.
(2)
removed Hardrock mineral— The term hardrock mineral—
(A)
removed includes deposits of—
(i)
removed minerals found in sedimentary or other rocks;
(ii)
removed base metals;
(iii)
removed precious metals;
(iv)
removed industrial metals; and
(v)
removed precious and semi-precious gemstones; and
(B)
removed does not include deposits of—
(i)
removed coal;
(ii)
removed oil;
(iii)
removed oil shale;
(iv)
removed gas;
(v)
removed sodium;
(vi)
removed potassium;
(vii)
removed sulfur; or
(viii)
removed mineral materials subject to disposition under the Act of July 31, 1947, commonly known as the Materials Act of 1947 (30 U.S.C. 601 et seq.).
(3)
removed Public lands— The term public lands has the meaning given the term in section 103 of the Federal Land Policy and Management Act of 1976 (43 U.S.C. 1702).
(4)
removed Secretary— The term Secretary means the Secretary of the Interior.

Sec. 8 Definitions

added

added In this Act:

(1)
added Federal land— The term Federal land means—
(A)
added National Forest System land;
(B)
added public lands; and
(C)
added any land that may be leased for the exploration, development, or production of hardrock minerals.
(2)
added Hardrock mineral— The term hardrock mineral—
(A)
added includes deposits of—
(i)
added minerals found in sedimentary or other rocks;
(ii)
added base metals;
(iii)
added precious metals;
(iv)
added industrial minerals; and
(v)
added precious and semi-precious gemstones; and
(B)
added does not include deposits of—
(i)
added coal;
(ii)
added oil;
(iii)
added oil shale;
(iv)
added gas;
(v)
added sodium;
(vi)
added potassium;
(vii)
added sulfur; or
(viii)
added mineral materials subject to disposition under the Act of July 31, 1947, commonly known as the Materials Act of 1947 (30 U.S.C. 601 et seq.).
(3)
added Mining project— The term “mining project” means a project that involves the exploration for or development, extraction, or processing of a hardrock mineral.
(4)
added Public lands— The term public lands has the meaning given the term in section 103 of the Federal Land Policy and Management Act of 1976 (43 U.S.C. 1702).
(5)
added Secretary— The term Secretary means the Secretary of the Interior.