Section 1 Short title
This Act may be cited as the “Law Enforcement Protection and Privacy Act of 2025”.
Law Enforcement Protection and Privacy Act of 2025
A BILL
To provide accountability for unlawful disclosures of firearm trace data in the Firearms Trace System database, and for other purposes.
Sec. 2 Amendment to FOIA
Section 552(b) of title 5, United States Code, is amended—
in paragraph (8), by striking “or” at the end;
in paragraph (9), by striking the period and inserting “; or”; and
by inserting after paragraph (9) the following new paragraph:
“(10) contents of the Firearm Trace System database maintained by the National Trace Center of the Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms, and Explosives, or any information required to be kept by licensees pursuant to section 923(g) of title 18 or reported pursuant to paragraph (3) or (7) of such section.”
Sec. 3 Unauthorized disclosures by agencies not part of the Federal Government
Fines for disclosures contrary to Federal law— The Attorney General shall fine a State, local, tribal, or foreign entity the following amount if the Attorney General determines that the entity made a disclosure of protected information in violation of the covered disclosure statute or any other applicable Federal law after the date of the enactment of this Act:
$10,000, for the first violation by the entity or a violation by the entity occurring more than 3 years after the most recent violation by the entity.
$25,000, for any other violation by the entity.
Loss of access for 1 year after multiple violations— The Attorney General may not disclose protected information to an entity fined under subsection (a)(2), for 1 year after the date of the imposition of the fine.
Enforcement of fine by civil action— The Attorney General may bring an action in a court of competent jurisdiction to enforce or collect payment of a fine imposed under subsection (a).
Assessment of fines— In assessing fines under this section, the Attorney General shall impose a fine for each disclosure of each individual piece of protected information in violation of the covered disclosure statute.
Sec. 4 Private right of action for unauthorized disclosures of protected information
In general— Any entity with a license under section 923 of title 18, United States Code, adversely affected or aggrieved by a disclosure of protected information in violation of the covered disclosure statute or any other applicable Federal law by a Federal agency or a local, tribal, or foreign entity may bring an action in a court of competent jurisdiction against the agency or entity for remedies available under this section.
Waiver and abrogation of sovereign immunity— Sovereign immunity shall not be a defense in an action under this section.
Remedies— An entity that prevails on a violation alleged in a claim under this section shall be entitled to—
the greater of—
triple the amount of damages suffered by the entity, including damages resulting from loss of business income or harm to the reputation of the entity; or
$25,000, for each disclosure of each individual piece of protected information in violation of the covered disclosure statute;
such punitive damages as the court may allow; and
a reasonable attorney’s fee and court costs.
Sec. 5 Other remedies; severability
Other remedies— This Act shall not be interpreted to preclude any other remedy available under law.
Severability— If any provision of this Act, an amendment made by this Act, or the application of such a provision or amendment to any person or circumstance is held by a court to be invalid or unconstitutional, no other such provision, amendment, or application shall be affected thereby.
Sec. 6 Definitions
In this Act:
Covered disclosure statute— The term “covered disclosure statute” means the 6th proviso under the heading “Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives—Salaries and Expenses” in the Department of Justice Appropriations Act, 2012 (title II of division B of the Consolidated and Further Continuing Appropriations Act, 2012; 18 U.S.C. 923 note), or successor law.
Federal agency— The term “Federal agency” has the meaning given the term in section 2671 of title 28, United States Code.
Local entity— The term “local entity” means a city, county, municipal corporation, or other unit of government that is a political subdivision, and not an arm, of a State.
Protected information— The term “protected information” means the following:
The contents, or a portion thereof, of the Firearms Trace System database maintained by the National Trace Center of the Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms, and Explosives.
The information required to be kept by licensees pursuant to section 923(g) or reported pursuant to paragraph (3) or (7) of such section.