US Codex
Bill
Notes

H.R. 3559 — what changed

FAA Research and Development Act of 2023

From Introduced in House to Reported in House. 17 sections amended, 5 added, and 1 removed between Introduced in House and Reported in House.

Sec. 2 Definitions

In this Act:

(1)
Administrator— The term “Administrator” means the Administrator of the Federal Aviation Administration.
(2)
changed Appropriate committees of Congress— The terms term “appropriate committees of Congress” means the Committee on Science, Space, and Technology of the House of Representatives and the Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation of the Senate.
(3)
FAA— The term “FAA” means the Federal Aviation Administration.
(4)
NASA— The term “NASA” means the National Aeronautics and Space Administration.
(5)
Secretary— The term “Secretary” means the Secretary of Transportation.

Sec. 101 Report on implementation; funding for safety research and development

changed No funds are authorized to be appropriated for Not later than one year after the Office date of the Administrator for enactment of this Act, the Comptroller General of the United States shall submit to the appropriate committees of Congress a fiscal year unless report on the Administrator has implemented allocation of funding pursuant to section 711 48102 of title 49, United States Code, to the FAA Reauthorization Act Secretary of 2018 (Public Law 115–254; 49 U.S.C. 106 note).Transportation to conduct civil aviation research and development and to assess the implementation of section 48102(b)(2) of such title.

Sec. 102 Report on implementation; funding for safety research and development

removed

removed Not later than one year after the date of the enactment of this Act, the Comptroller General of the United States shall submit to the appropriate committees of Congress a report on the allocation of funding pursuant to section 48102 of title 49, United States Code, to the Secretary of Transportation to conduct civil aviation research and development under sections 44504, 44505, 44507, 44509, and 44511 through 44513 of such title, and to assess the implementation of section 48102(b)(2) of such title.

Sec. 201 Aviation fuel research, development, and usage

(a)
changed Roadmap— The Not later than nine months after the date of the enactment of this Act, the Secretary of Transportation shall coordinate with the Administrator of NASA, the Secretary of Energy, and the Administrator of the Environmental Protection Agency, and consult relevant stakeholders, including those in industry and academia, to prepare and submit to the appropriate committees of Congress a coordinated research and development roadmap to safely eliminate the use of leaded aviation fuel without adversely affecting the in existing piston engine fleet. and future certified piston-engine aircraft. Such roadmap shall consider activities to promote the development, testing, and certification of safe and lead-free fuel for use in general aviation aircraft, including requisite airport refueling infrastructure.shall—
(1)
added identify activities to accelerate the development, testing, and certification of safe and lead-free fuel for use in general aviation aircraft, including requisite airport refueling infrastructure; and
(2)
added consider the feasibility of widespread use of such safe and lead-free aviation fuel by not later than 2028.
(b)
changed Partnership with private industry— The Administrator shall coordinate with industry and pilot operators regarding research programs for mass production and distribution of unleaded aviation gasoline for market viability, viability engine safety, and define criteria to explore incentive programs to reduce lead emissions for communities in need.

Sec. 202 Continuous lower energy, emission, and noise (CLEEN)

added The Administrator shall consider expanding the CLEEN program under section 47511 of title 49, United States Code, and broadening eligibility for the CLEEN program to new entrants to the aviation system.

(a)
removed In general— The Administrator shall broaden the CLEEN program to include hydrogen and other alternative aviation fuel for development, maturation, and testing of certifiable continuous, lower energy, emission, and noise (CLEEN) aircraft, engine technologies, and fuels for civil airplanes.
(b)
removed Scope— Subsection (a) of section 47511 of title 49, United States Code, is amended—
(1)
removed by striking “jet”; and
(2)
removed by striking “subsonic”.

Sec. 203 Strategy on hydrogen aviation research and development

(a)
In general— The Administrator, in consultation with the Administrator of NASA and the heads of other relevant Federal agencies, shall lead the development of a research and development strategy on the safe use of hydrogen as part of a sustainable future for aviation. Such strategy shall consider the following:
(1)
changed The feasibility, opportunities, challenges, and pathways toward the potential and safe uses of hydrogen in aviation.
(2)
changed The use of hydrogen in combination with other addition to research and development efforts for efforts, including electrification, operational efficiencies and other alternatives to traditional aviation fuel.
(b)
Transmittal— Not later than one year after the date of the enactment of the Act, the Administrator shall transmit to the appropriate committees of Congress the research and development strategy required under subsection (a).
(c)
changed Research and development— Based on the results of the research and development strategy under subsection (a), the Administrator, in coordination with the Administrator of NASA, may, using amounts made available under section 48102(a) of title 49, United States Code, may conduct research and development activities into the following:
(1)
The qualification of hydrogen aviation fuel.
(2)
The safe transition to such fuel for aircraft.
(3)
The advancement of certification efforts for such fuel.
(4)
added Risk mitigation measures for the use of such fuel in aircraft systems, including propulsion and storage systems.

Sec. 204 Report on future electric grid resiliency

added Not later than two years after the date of the enactment of this Act, the Administrator, in coordination with the Secretary of Energy, shall submit to the appropriate committees of Congress a report on the model use of the electrical grid to support future electric advanced air mobility, including cost, challenges, and opportunities for clean generation of electricity relating to such support.

(a)
removed Air traffic surveillance over oceans— The Administrator, in consultation with the Administrator of NASA and the heads of other relevant Federal agencies, shall carry out research, development, demonstration, and testing on civilian air traffic surveillance over oceans and other remote locations.
(b)
removed Requirements— In carrying out the research, development, demonstration, and testing under subsection (a), the Administrator shall—
(1)
removed consider the need for international interoperability of technologies, data, operations, and air traffic control systems;
(2)
removed examine the status of using air traffic surveillance technologies, including space-based Automatic Dependent Surveillance-Broadcast, to facilitate the implementation of minimal separation standards over United States-controlled oceanic airspace;
(3)
removed identify mitigating approaches to reducing any operational challenges, associated costs, or workload impacts; and
(4)
removed use testing, data collection, evaluation, and analysis on the use of air traffic surveillance technologies, including space-based Automatic Dependent Surveillance-Broadcast, to support the activities described in paragraphs (1) through (3).
(c)
removed Pilot program— The Administrator may carry out a pilot program to test and evaluate air traffic surveillance equipment over United States-controlled oceanic airspace and other remote locations.
(d)
removed Report— Not later than one year after the date of the enactment of this Act, the Administrator shall submit to the appropriate committees of Congress a report on the activities carried out under this section.

Sec. 205 Air traffic surveillance over oceans and other remote locations

(a)
changed In general—Air traffic surveillance over oceans— Using amounts available under section 48102(a) Subject to the availability of title 49, United States Code, appropriations for such purpose, the Administrator, in coordination consultation with the Administrator of the NASA, NASA and in consultation with industry stakeholders, the heads of other relevant Federal agencies, shall carry out research, development, demonstration, and testing of on civilian air traffic Space-Based Automatic Dependent Surveillance-Broadcast (ADS-B) data.surveillance over oceans and other remote locations.
(b)
changed Research activities—Requirements— In carrying out the research, development, demonstration, and testing under subsection (a) (a), the Administrator shall focus on the following:shall—
(1)
changed Monitoring consider the need for international interoperability of technologies, data, operations, and automatically reporting air turbulence events.traffic control systems;
(2)
changed Providing examine the status of using air traffic surveillance technologies, including space-based multilateration surveillance.Automatic Dependent Surveillance-Broadcast, to facilitate the implementation of minimal separation standards over United States-controlled oceanic airspace;
(3)
changed Identifying global positioning system (GPS) and global navigation satellite system (GNSS) disruptions affecting air traffic services and assessing the impact of such events on the safety of air traffic and the National Airspace System.identify mitigating approaches to reducing any operational challenges, associated costs, or workload impacts; and
(4)
changed Evaluating use testing, data collection, evaluation, and analysis on the feasibility use of implementing and using aviation safety technologies and systems using air traffic surveillance technologies, including space-based Automatic Dependent Surveillance-Broadcast data.Surveillance-Broadcast, to support the activities described in paragraphs (1) through (3).
(c)
changed Report—Pilot program— Not later than 180 days after the date of the enactment of this Act, the The Administrator shall provide to the appropriate committees of Congress may carry out a report on the research and development pilot program under subsection (a) and the information obtained pursuant to the activities researched pursuant to subsection (b).test and evaluate air traffic surveillance equipment over United States-controlled oceanic airspace and other remote locations.
(d)
added Report— Not later than one year after the date of the enactment of this Act, the Administrator shall submit to the appropriate committees of Congress a report on the activities carried out under this section.

Sec. 206 Utilization of space-based assets to improve air traffic control and aviation safety

(a)
changed Review—In general— The Subject to the availability of appropriations for such purpose, the Administrator, in consultation coordination with the Administrator of the National Oceanic NASA, and Atmospheric Administration, in consultation with industry stakeholders, shall conduct a review of current and planned carry out research, modeling, development, and technology capabilities that have testing of the potential to more accurately detect and predict weather impacts to aviation, inform how advanced predictive models can enhance aviation operations, and increase national airspace system safety and efficiency.use of air traffic Space-Based Automatic Dependent Surveillance-Broadcast (ADS-B) data.
(b)
changed Report—Research activities— Not later than one year after the date of In carrying out the enactment of this Act, research, development, and testing under subsection (a) the Administrator shall submit to the appropriate committees of Congress a report containing the results of focus on the review conducted under subsection (a).following:
(1)
added Monitoring and automatically reporting air turbulence events.
(2)
added Providing space-based multilateration surveillance.
(3)
added Identifying global positioning system (GPS) and global navigation satellite system (GNSS) disruptions affecting air traffic services and assessing the impact of such events on the safety of air traffic and the National Airspace System.
(4)
added Evaluating the feasibility of implementing and using aviation safety technologies and systems using space-based Automatic Dependent Surveillance-Broadcast data.
(c)
added Report— Not later than 180 days after the date of the enactment of this Act, the Administrator shall provide to the appropriate committees of Congress a report on the research and development under subsection (a) and the activities researched pursuant to subsection (b).

Sec. 207 Aviation weather technology review

(a)
changed Research—Review— The Administrator, in consultation with the Administrator of NASA and the heads of other appropriate Federal agencies, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, shall continue conduct a review of current and planned research, modeling, and technology capabilities that have the potential to carry out research on technologies more accurately detect and operations predict weather impacts to enhance aviation, including for unmanned aircraft systems and advanced air traffic surface operations safety.mobility operations, inform how advanced predictive models can enhance aviation operations, and increase national airspace system safety and efficiency.
(b)
changed Requirements—Report— The research program under subsection (a) Not later than one year after the date of the enactment of this Act, the Administrator shall examine submit to the following:appropriate committees of Congress a report containing the results of the review conducted under subsection (a).
(1)
removed The safety of current air traffic control operations.
(2)
removed Emerging in-cockpit technologies to enhance ground situational awareness.
(3)
removed Emerging technologies to enhance air traffic control situational awareness.
(4)
removed Air traffic surface operations safety for diverse advanced air mobility operations.
(5)
removed Safety and operational data needed to inform current and future safety programs on advanced air mobility vehicles.
(c)
removed Report— Not later than 18 months after the date of the enactment of this Act, the Administrator shall submit to the appropriate committees of Congress a report on the research carried out under this section, including regarding the transition into operational use of such research.

Sec. 208 Air traffic surface operations safety

(a)
added Research— Subject to the availability of appropriations for such purpose, the Administrator, in consultation with the Administrator of NASA and the heads of other appropriate Federal agencies, shall continue to carry out research on technologies and operations to enhance air traffic surface operations safety.

removed Section 744 of the FAA Reauthorization Act of 2018 (Public Law 115–254; 49 U.S.C. 44505 note) is amended—

(b)
changed Requirements— in paragraph (3), by striking “and”;The research program under subsection (a) shall examine the following:
(1)
added The safety of current air traffic control operations related to air traffic surface operations.
(2)
added Emerging in-cockpit technologies to enhance ground situational awareness.
(3)
added Emerging technologies to enhance air traffic control situational awareness.
(4)
added Air traffic surface operations safety for diverse advanced air mobility operations.
(5)
added Safety and operational data needed to inform current and future safety programs on advanced air mobility vehicles.
(6)
added Economic benefits of utilizing existing airport infrastructure for use in advanced air mobility operations.
(c)
changed Report— in paragraph (4), by striking “durable airfield pavements.” and inserting “resilient and sustainable airfield pavements; and”; andNot later than 18 months after the date of the enactment of this Act, the Administrator shall submit to the appropriate committees of Congress a report on the research carried out under this section, including regarding the transition into operational use of such research.
(3)
removed by adding at the end the following new paragraph:

removed “(5) develop sustainability and resiliency guidelines to improve long-term pavement performance and reduce carbon emissions.”

Sec. 209 Airport and airfield pavement technology research program

added Section 744 of the FAA Reauthorization Act of 2018 (Public Law 115–254; 49 U.S.C. 44505 note) is amended—

(a)
removed Review— The Administrator shall conduct a review of current and planned artificial intelligence and machine learning technologies to improve airport efficiency and safety.
(1)
changed Summaries— The review conducted under subsection (a) shall include examination of the application of artificial intelligence and machine learning technologies to the following:in paragraph (3), by striking “and”;
(1)
removed Jet bridges.
(2)
removed Airport service vehicles on airport movement areas.
(3)
removed Aircraft taxi.
(4)
removed FAA air traffic control operations.
(5)
removed Airport security.
(6)
removed Any other areas the Administrator determines necessary to help improve airport efficiency and safety.
(2)
changed Report— Not later than one year after the date of the enactment of this Act, the Administrator shall submit to the appropriate committees of Congress a report containing the results of the review conducted under subsection (a).in paragraph (4), by striking “durable airfield pavements.” and inserting “resilient and sustainable airfield and vertiport pavements; and”; and
(3)
added by adding at the end the following new paragraph:

added “(5) develop sustainability and resiliency guidelines to improve long-term pavement performance and reduce carbon emissions.”

Sec. 210 Technology review of artificial intelligence and machine learning technologies

(a)
added Review— The Administrator shall conduct a review of current and planned artificial intelligence and machine learning technologies to improve airport efficiency and safety.
(b)
added Summaries— The review conducted under subsection (a) shall include examination of the application of artificial intelligence and machine learning technologies to the following:
(1)
added Jet bridges.
(2)
added Airport service vehicles on airport movement areas.
(3)
added Aircraft taxi.
(4)
added Any other areas the Administrator determines necessary to help improve airport efficiency and safety.
(c)
added Report— Not later than one year after the date of the enactment of this Act, the Administrator shall submit to the appropriate committees of Congress a report containing the results of the review conducted under subsection (a). The report shall also include an examination of China’s domestic application of artificial intelligence and machine learning technologies identified under subsection (b).

removed Not later than one year after the date of the enactment of this Act, the Administrator, in consultation with the Administrator of NASA and industry, shall submit to the appropriate committees of Congress a comprehensive research plan to build on research and development and identify any further research and development needed to support establishment of Federal and international policies, regulations, standards, and recommended practices relating to the certification and safe and efficient operation of civil supersonic aircraft and supersonic overland flight.

Sec. 211 Research plan for commercial supersonic research

added Not later than one year after the date of the enactment of this Act, the Administrator, in consultation with the Administrator of NASA and industry, shall submit to the appropriate committees of Congress a comprehensive research plan to build on existing research and development activities and identify any further research and development needed to inform the development of Federal and international policies, regulations, standards, and recommended practices relating to the certification and safe and efficient operation of civil supersonic aircraft and supersonic overland flight.

(a)
removed In general— The Administrator shall conduct research, engineering, and development related to the effective and efficient use and management of radio frequency spectrum in the civil aviation domain, including for aircraft, unmanned aircraft systems, and advanced air mobility. Such research, engineering, and development shall, at a minimum, address the following:
(1)
removed How reallocation or repurposing of radio frequency spectrum adjacent to spectrum allocated for communication, navigation, and surveillance may impact the safety of civil aviation.
(2)
removed The effectiveness of measures to identify risks, protect, and mitigate against spectrum interference in frequency bands used in civil and commercial aviation operations to ensure public safety.
(3)
removed The implications, including risks, of new or emerging technologies or other factors on the environment for radio frequency spectrum interference.
(4)
removed How various new or emerging technologies may enable improvements in the prevention of, mitigation of, or resilience to interference.
(b)
removed Report— Not later than one year after the date of the enactment of this Act, the Administrator shall submit to the appropriate committees of Congress a report containing the results of the research, engineering, and development conducted under subsection (a).

Sec. 212 Electromagnetic spectrum research and development

(a)
changed In general— Using The Administrator shall conduct research, engineering, and development related to the amounts available under section 48102(a) effective and efficient use and management of title 49, United States Code, the Administrator, radio frequency spectrum in coordination with the Director of the National Institute of Standards civil aviation domain, including for aircraft, unmanned aircraft systems, and Technology, shall carry out a research advanced air mobility. Such research, engineering, and development program for advancing aviation structures, materials, and manufacturing for shall, at a minimum, address the safe use in and on aircraft.following:
(1)
added How reallocation or repurposing of radio frequency spectrum adjacent to spectrum allocated for communication, navigation, and surveillance may impact the safety of civil aviation.
(2)
added The effectiveness of measures to identify risks, protect, and mitigate against spectrum interference in frequency bands used in civil and commercial aviation operations to ensure public safety.
(3)
added The implications, including risks, of new or emerging technologies or other factors on the environment for radio frequency spectrum interference.
(4)
added How various new or emerging technologies may enable improvements in the prevention of, mitigation of, or resilience to interference, including the ability to sense the spectrum environment and dynamically change frequency to ensure resilient operations.
(b)
changed Inclusion—Report— The program under subsection (a) shall, Not later than one year after the date of the enactment of this Act, the Administrator shall submit to the extent practicable, include research appropriate committees of Congress a report containing the results of the research, engineering, and development relating to the following:conducted under subsection (a).
(1)
removed Metallic and non-metallic based additive materials and processes, composites, and other advanced materials.
(2)
removed Process development for the development of design and manufacturing standards for aviation structures, materials, and additive manufacturing.
(3)
removed Improving certification efficiency of aviation structures, materials, and additively manufactured aviation products and components.
(4)
removed Evaluating long-term material and structural behavior and associated maintenance, including support for fatigue life determination, structural changes related to fatigue, thermal, corrosive environments, and expected maintenance of such materials, including recommended repair techniques.
(5)
removed Partnering with commercial entities to mature and certify, as appropriate, metal additive manufacturing, including large-scale additive manufacturing, aviation structures, and advanced materials capabilities, including the development and qualification of new material chemistries, to be used in the manufacture of aircraft.
(c)
removed Report— Not later than 180 days after the date of the enactment of this Act, the Administrator shall provide to the appropriate committees of Congress a report on the findings of the research under subsection (a).

Sec. 213 Aviation structures, materials, and advanced manufacturing research and development

(a)
changed In general— Not later than 180 days after Using the date amounts available under section 48102(a) of title 49, United States Code, the enactment of this Act, Administrator, in coordination with the Administrator shall submit to Director of the appropriate committees National Institute of Congress Standards and Technology, shall carry out a comprehensive plan for research, development, testing, research and evaluation needed to mature remote tower technology development program for advancing aviation structures, materials, and provide a strategic roadmap to support standards development, validation, manufacturing for the safe use in and operational certification of such technology.on aircraft.
(b)
changed Considerations—Inclusion— As part of the plan required The program under subsection (a), (a) shall, to the Administrator should consider extent practicable, include research and development relating to the use of remote tower technologies for advanced air mobility operations.following:
(1)
added Metallic and non-metallic based additive materials and processes, composites, and other advanced materials.
(2)
added Process development for the development of design and manufacturing standards for aviation structures, materials, and additive manufacturing.
(3)
added Improving certification efficiency of aviation structures, materials, and additively manufactured aviation products and components.
(4)
added Evaluating long-term material and structural behavior and associated maintenance, including support for fatigue life determination, structural changes related to fatigue, thermal, corrosive environments, and expected maintenance of such materials, including recommended repair techniques.
(5)
added Partnering with commercial entities to mature and certify, as appropriate, the following capabilities for use in aircraft manufacturing:
(A)
added Additive manufacturing, including large-scale additive manufacturing.
(B)
added Aviation structures.
(C)
added Advanced materials capabilities, including the development and qualification of new material chemistries.
(6)
added Inspection and quality assurance technologies for use with complex geometries enabled by advanced manufacturing methods.
(c)
added Report— Not later than 180 days after the date of the enactment of this Act, the Administrator shall provide to the appropriate committees of Congress a report on the findings of the research under subsection (a).

Sec. 214 Research plan on the remote tower program

(a)
changed Research—In general— Using amounts made available under section 48102(a) Not later than 180 days after the date of title 49, United States Code, the enactment of this Act, the Administrator shall carry out a research program to evaluate opportunities submit to modernize, enhance, the appropriate committees of Congress a comprehensive plan for research, development, testing, and streamline training time evaluation needed to become mature remote tower technology and provide a Certified Professional Controller.strategic roadmap to support standards development, validation, and operational certification of such technology.
(b)
changed Requirements—Considerations— The research As part of the plan required under subsection (a) shall—(a), the Administrator should consider the use of remote tower technologies for advanced air mobility operations.
(1)
removed assess the use of advanced technologies, such as artificial intelligence, machine learning, adaptive computer-based simulation, virtual reality, or augmented reality, to enhance controller knowledge retention, improve performance, and improve the effectiveness of training time; and
(2)
removed develop a timeline to deploy proven advanced technologies and associated processes for accreditation in training programs and training facilities within the national airspace system.
(c)
removed Report— Not later than one year after the date of the enactment of this Act, the Administrator shall submit to the appropriate committees of Congress a report on the findings of the research under subsection (a).

Sec. 215 Air traffic control training

(a)
added Research— Subject to the availability of appropriations for such purpose, the Administrator shall carry out a research program to evaluate opportunities to modernize, enhance, and streamline training time to become a Certified Professional Controller.

removed Not later than 180 days after the date of enactment of this Act, the Administrator shall submit to the appropriate committees of Congress a report on the status of the FAA’s implementation of section 2111 of the FAA Extension, Safety, and Security Act of 2016 (Public Law 114–190; 49 U.S.C. 44903 note; relating to the development of a comprehensive and strategic aviation cybersecurity framework and establishment of a research and development plan to mitigate cybersecurity risks in the National Airspace System). The report, at minimum, shall include the following:

(b)
changed Requirements— A description of the FAA’s progress in developing, implementing, and updating such framework.The research under subsection (a) shall—
(1)
added assess the use of advanced technologies, such as artificial intelligence, machine learning, adaptive computer-based simulation, virtual reality, or augmented reality, to enhance controller knowledge retention, improve performance, and improve the effectiveness of training time;
(2)
added develop a timeline to deploy proven advanced technologies and associated processes for accreditation in training programs and training facilities within the national airspace system; and
(3)
added include collaboration with labor organizations and other stakeholders.
(c)
changed Report— A description Not later than one year after the date of prioritized research and development activities for the most needed improvements with target dates enactment of this Act, the Administrator shall submit to safeguard the National Airspace System.appropriate committees of Congress a report on the findings of the research under subsection (a).
(3)
removed An explanation for any delays or challenges in so implementing such section.

Sec. 216 Report on aviation cybersecurity directives

added

added Not later than 180 days after the date of enactment of this Act, the Administrator shall submit to the appropriate committees of Congress a report on the status of the FAA’s implementation of section 2111 of the FAA Extension, Safety, and Security Act of 2016 (Public Law 114–190; 49 U.S.C. 44903 note; relating to the development of a comprehensive and strategic aviation cybersecurity framework and establishment of a research and development plan to mitigate cybersecurity risks in the National Airspace System). The report, at minimum, shall include the following:

(1)
added A description of the FAA’s progress in developing, implementing, and updating such framework.
(2)
added A description of prioritized research and development activities for the most needed improvements, with target dates, to safeguard the National Airspace System.
(3)
added An explanation for any delays or challenges in so implementing such section.

Sec. 217 Rule of construction regarding collaborations

added

added Nothing in this Act may be construed as modifying or limiting existing collaborations, or limiting potential engagement on future collaborations, between the Administrator, stakeholders, and labor organizations, including the exclusive bargaining representative of air traffic controllers certified under section 7111 of title 5, United States Code, pertaining to Federal Aviation Administration research, development, demonstration, and testing activities.

Sec. 218 Turbulence research and development

added
(a)
added In general— Subject to the availability of appropriations for such purpose, the Administrator, in collaboration with the Administrator of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, and in consultation with the Administrator of NASA, shall carry out applied research and development to—
(1)
added enhance the monitoring and understanding of severe turbulence, including clear-air turbulence; and
(2)
added inform the development of measures to mitigate safety impacts on crew and the flying public that may result from severe turbulence.
(b)
added Research and development activities— In conducting the research and development on severe turbulence in accordance with subsection (a), the Administrator shall—
(1)
added establish processes and procedures for comprehensive and systematic data collection through both instrumentation and pilot reporting, of severe turbulence, including clear-air turbulence;
(2)
added establish measures for storing and managing such data collection;
(3)
added support measures for monitoring and characterizing incidents of severe turbulence;
(4)
added consider relevant existing research and development from other entities, including Federal departments and agencies, academia, and the private sector; and
(5)
added carry out research and development—
(A)
added to understand the impacts of climate change and other factors on the nature of turbulence, including severe turbulence and clear-air turbulence;
(B)
added to enhance turbulence forecasts for flight planning and execution, seasonal predictions for schedule and route-planning, and long-term projections of severe turbulence, including clear-air turbulence; and
(C)
added on other subject matters areas related to severe turbulence, as determined by the Administrator; and
(6)
added support the effective transition of the results of research and development to operations, where appropriate.
(c)
added No duplication— The Administrator shall ensure that research and development activities under this section do not duplicate other Federal programs relating to turbulence.
(d)
added Turbulence data—
(1)
added Commercial providers— In conducting research and development activities under subsection (b), the Administrator may enter into agreements with commercial providers for the following:
(A)
added The purchase of turbulence data.
(B)
added The placement on aircraft of instruments relevant to understanding and monitoring turbulence.
(2)
added Data access— The Administrator shall make the data collected pursuant to subsection (b) widely available and accessible to the scientific research, user, and stakeholder communities, including the Administrator of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, to the greatest extent practicable and in accordance with Federal Aviation Administration data management policies.
(e)
added Report on turbulence research— Not later than 15 months after the date of the enactment of this Act, the Administrator, in collaboration with the Administrator of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, shall submit to the appropriate committees of Congress a report that—
(1)
added details the activities conducted under this section, including how the research and development activities under subsection (b) have contributed to the goals specified in subsection (a);
(2)
added assesses the current state of scientific understanding of the causes, occurrence rates, and past and projected future trends in occurrence rates of severe turbulence, including clear-air turbulence;
(3)
added describes the processes and procedures for collecting, storing, and managing, data in pursuant to subsection (b);
(4)
added assesses—
(A)
added the use of commercial providers pursuant to subsection (d)(1); and
(B)
added the need for any future Federal Government collection or procurement of data and instruments related to turbulence, including an assessment of costs;
(5)
added describes how such data will be made available to the scientific research, user, and stakeholder communities; and
(6)
added identifies future research and development needed to inform the development of measures to predict and mitigate the safety impacts that may result from severe turbulence, including clear-air turbulence.

Sec. 219 Research, development, and demonstration programs

added
(a)
added In general— The Administrator shall carry out research, development, testing, evaluation, and demonstration programs for low-carbon alternative aviation fuels, which may include next-generation feedstocks, biofuels, and bioderived chemicals.
(b)
added Collaboration— The Administrator shall collaborate with Federal agencies, industry stakeholders, research institutions, and other relevant stakeholders, to accelerate the research, development, testing, evaluation, and demonstrations programs described in subsection (a) and facilitate United States sustainability and competitiveness in aviation.

Sec. 220 Limitation

added

added None of the funds authorized in this Act may be used to conduct research, develop, design, plan, promulgate, implement, or execute a policy, program, order, or contract of any kind with the Chinese Communist Party or any Chinese-owned entity unless such activities are specifically authorized by a law enacted after the date of enactment of this Act.