Health Enterprise Zones Act of 2022
A BILL
To provide for the designation of areas as Health Enterprise Zones to reduce health disparities and improve health outcomes in such areas, and for other purposes.
2. Designation of Health Enterprise Zones
Designation—
In general— Not later than 18 months after the date of enactment of this Act, the Secretary shall, pursuant to applications submitted under subsection (c), designate areas as Health Enterprise Zones to reduce health disparities and improve health outcomes in such areas.
Eligibility of area— To be designated as a Health Enterprise Zone under this section, an area shall—
be a contiguous geographic area in one census tract or ZIP Code;
have measurable and documented racial, ethnic, or geographic health disparities and poor health outcomes, demonstrated by—
average income below 150 percent of the Federal poverty line;
a rate of participation in the special supplemental nutrition program under section 17 of the Child Nutrition Act of 1966 (42 U.S.C. 1786) that is higher than the national average rate of participation in such program;
lower life expectancy than the national average;
a higher percentage of instances of low birth weight than the national average; or
designation under section 332 of the Public Health Service Act (42 U.S.C. 254e) as a health professional shortage area; and
be part of a metropolitan statistical area or micropolitan statistical area identified by the Director of the Office of Management and Budget.
Solicitation of applications— The Secretary shall—
not later than 1 year after the date of enactment of this Act, solicit applications under subsection (c); and
publish on the website of the Department of Health and Human Services—
the names of all applicants under subsection (c), together with the names of each applicant’s coalition partners; and
a description of all areas proposed to be designated as Health Enterprise Zones.
Submission of applications— To seek the designation of an area as a Health Enterprise Zone, a community-based nonprofit organization or local governmental agency, in coalition with an array of health care providers, hospitals, nonprofit community health clinics, health centers, social service organizations, and other related organizations, shall submit an application to the Secretary.
Contents— An application under subsection (c) shall—
include an effective and sustainable plan with respect to the area proposed for designation—
to reduce health disparities;
to reduce the costs of, or to produce savings to, the health care system;
to improve health outcomes; and
to utilize one or more of the incentives established pursuant to section 4, 5, or 6 of this Act, or section 1833(a) of the Social Security Act (42 U.S.C. 1395l(a)), as amended by section 7 of this Act, to address health care provider capacity, improve health services delivery, effectuate community improvements, or conduct outreach and education efforts; and
identify specific diseases or indicators of health for improvement of health outcomes in such area, including at least one of the following:
Cardiovascular disease.
Asthma.
Diabetes.
Dental health.
Behavioral health.
Maternal and birth health.
Sexually transmitted infections.
Obesity.
Considerations— The Secretary—
shall consider geographic diversity, among other factors, in selecting areas for designation as Health Enterprise Zones; and
may conduct outreach efforts to encourage a geographically diverse pool of applicants, including for designating Health Enterprise Zones in rural areas.
Priority— In selecting areas for designation as Health Enterprise Zones, the Secretary shall give higher priority to applications based on the extent to which an area demonstrates the following:
Support from, and participation of, key stakeholders in the public and private sectors in the area proposed for designation, including residents and local governments of such area.
A plan for long-term funding and sustainability.
Supporting funds from the private sector.
Integration with any applicable State health improvement process or plan.
A plan for evaluation of the impact of designation of such area as a Health Enterprise Zone.
A plan to utilize existing State tax credits, grants, or other incentives to reduce health disparities and improve health outcomes in the proposed Health Enterprise Zone.
Such other factors as the Secretary determines are appropriate to demonstrate a commitment to reduce health disparities and improve health outcomes in such area.
Period of designation— The designation under this section of an area as a Health Enterprise Zone shall be in effect until the date that is 10 years after the date on which the first such area is so designated.
3. Consultation
4. Tax incentives
Work opportunity credit for hiring Health Enterprise Zone workers—
In general— Section 51(d)(1) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 is amended by striking “or” at the end of subparagraph (I), by striking the period at the end of subparagraph (J) and inserting “, or”, and by adding at the end the following new subparagraph:
“(K) a qualified Health Enterprise Zone worker, to the extent that the qualified first-year wages with respect to such worker are paid for qualified Health Enterprise Zone work.”
Qualified Health Enterprise Zone worker— Section 51(d) of such Code is amended by adding at the end the following new paragraph:
“(16) Health Enterprise Zones
“(A) Qualified Health Enterprise Zone worker—The term qualified Health Enterprise Zone worker means any individual who is certified by the designated local agency as having (as of the hiring date) a principal place of employment within a Health Enterprise Zone.
“(B) Qualified Health Enterprise Zone work—The term qualified Health Enterprise Zone work means employment by a Health Enterprise Zone practitioner, the primary official duties of which promote access to healthcare in a Health Enterprise Zone.
“(C) Related terms—For purposes of this paragraph, the terms Health Enterprise Zone and Health Enterprise Zone practitioner have the same meaning given such terms under section 9 of the Health Enterprise Zones Act of 2022.”
Effective date— The amendments made by this subsection shall apply to amounts paid or incurred after the date of the enactment of this Act to individuals who begin work for the employer after such date.
Credit for Health Enterprise Zone workers—
In general— Subpart A of part IV of subchapter A of chapter 1 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended by section 13402 of Public Law 117–169, is amended by inserting after section 25E the following new section:
“25F. Credit for qualified Health Enterprise Zone workers
“(a) Allowance of credit—In the case of a qualified Health Enterprise Zone worker, there shall be allowed as a credit against the tax imposed by this chapter for a taxable year an amount equal to 40 percent of wages received for qualified Health Enterprise Zone work during such taxable year.
“(b) Definitions—For purposes of this section—
“(1) Qualified Health Enterprise Zone worker—The term qualified Health Enterprise Zone worker means, with respect to wages, an individual whose principal place of employment while earning such wages is within a Health Enterprise Zone (as such term is defined in section 9 of the Health Enterprise Zones Act of 2022).
“(2) Qualified Health Enterprise Zone work—The term qualified Health Enterprise Zone work has the same meaning given such term in section 51(d)(16)(B).”
Clerical amendment— The table of sections for subpart A of part IV of subchapter A of chapter 1 of such Code, as amended by section 13402(d) of Public Law 117–169, is amended by inserting after the item relating to section 25E the following new item:
Effective date— The amendments made by this subsection shall apply to wages received after the date of the enactment of this Act.
5. Grants
Authorization— For each area designated under section 2 as a Health Enterprise Zone, the Secretary may award a grant to the community-based nonprofit organization or local governmental agency that applied for such designation to support such applicant and its coalition partners in reducing health disparities and improving health outcomes in such area.
Use of funds— Programs and activities funded through a grant under this section shall be consistent with the grantee’s plan submitted pursuant to section 2(d)(1) and may include the following:
Subgrants to health care practitioners—
In general— For the purpose of improving or expanding the delivery of health care in the respective Health Enterprise Zone, the grantee may award subgrants to Health Enterprise Zone practitioners to defray costs related to innovative strategies listed in paragraph (2).
Eligibility— To be eligible to receive a subgrant pursuant to subparagraph (A), a Health Enterprise Zone practitioner shall—
own or lease a health care facility in the Health Enterprise Zone; or
provide health care in such a facility.
Amount— The amount of a subgrant under subparagraph (A) may not exceed the lesser of—
$5,000,000; or
50 percent of the costs of the equipment, or capital or leasehold improvements.
Innovative strategies— A grantee (or subgrantee) may use a grant received under this section (or a subgrant received under paragraph (1)) to implement innovative public health strategies in the respective Health Enterprise Zone, which strategies may include—
internships and volunteer opportunities for students who reside in the Health Enterprise Zone;
funding resources to improve health care provider capacity to serve non-English speakers;
operation of medical, mental and behavioral health, and dental mobile clinics;
provision of transportation to and from medical appointments for patients;
funding resources to improve access to healthy food, recreation, and high-quality housing;
capital or leasehold improvements to a health care facility in the respective Health Enterprise Zone; and
medical or dental equipment to be used in such a facility.
6. Student loan repayment program
In general— The Secretary shall carry out a loan repayment program under which the Secretary enters into agreements with eligible Health Enterprise Zone practitioners to make payments on the principal and interest of the eligible educational loans of such practitioners for each year such practitioners agree to provide health care services in a Health Enterprise Zone.
Limitations— In entering into loan repayment agreements under this section, the Secretary may not agree to—
make payments for more than 10 years with respect to a practitioner; or
pay more than $10,000 per year, or more than a total of $100,000, with respect to a practitioner.
Ineligibility for double benefits— No borrower may, for the same service, receive a reduction of loan obligations or a loan repayment under both—
this section; and
any federally supported loan forgiveness program, including under section 338B, 338I, or 846 of the Public Health Service Act (42 U.S.C. 254l–1, 254q–1, 297n), or section 428J, 428L, 455(m), or 460 of the Higher Education Act of 1965 (20 U.S.C. 1078–10, 1078–12, 1087e(m), 1087j).
Definitions— In this section:
The term eligible educational loan means any federally funded or guaranteed student loan, as determined appropriate by the Secretary in coordination with the Secretary of Education.
The term eligible Health Enterprise Zone practitioner means a Health Enterprise Zone practitioner who—
agrees to provide health care services in a Health Enterprise Zone for a specified period that is not less than one year; and
has one or more eligible educational loans.
7. Incentive payments for Medicare part B items and services furnished in Health Enterprise Zones
Section 1833(a) of the Social Security Act (42 U.S.C. 1395l(a)) is amended by adding at the end the following new subsection:
“(ee) Incentive payments for items and services furnished in Health Enterprise Zones
“(1) In general—In the case of items and services furnished under this part in an area that is designated as a Health Enterprise Zone section 2(a)(1) of the Health Enterprise Zones Act of 2022, in addition to the amount of payment that would otherwise be made for such items and services under this part, there also shall be paid (on a monthly or quarterly basis) an amount equal to 10 percent of the payment amount for the item or service under this part.
“(2) Coordination with other payments—The amount of the additional payment for an item or a service under this subsection and subsection (m) shall be determined without regard to any additional payment for the item or service under subsection (m) and this subsection, respectively. The amount of the additional payment for an item or a service under this subsection and subsection (z) shall be determined without regard to any additional payment for the item or service under subsection (z) and this subsection, respectively.”
8. Reporting
In general— Not later than the day that is 10 years after the first Health Enterprise Zone is designated under section 2(a)(1), the Secretary shall submit to Congress a report on the implementation of this Act (and the amendments made by this Act) and the results thereof.
Contents— Each report under subsection (a) shall—
specify the number and types of incentives provided pursuant to this Act in each Health Enterprise Zone designated under section 2; and
include evidence of the extent to which the incentives utilized by each Health Enterprise Zone have succeeded—
in attracting health care practitioners to practice in Health Enterprise Zones;
in reducing health disparities and improving health outcomes in Health Enterprise Zones; and
in reducing health costs and hospital admissions and readmissions in Health Enterprise Zones.
9. Definitions
In this Act:
The term Health Enterprise Zone means an area designated under section 2 as a Health Enterprise Zone.
The term Health Enterprise Zone practitioner means a health care practitioner who—
is licensed or certified in accordance with applicable State law to treat patients in the respective Health Enterprise Zone;
provides—
primary care, which may include obstetrics, gynecological services, pediatric services, or geriatric services;
behavioral health services, which may include mental health or substance use disorder services; or
dental services; and
is a participating provider of services or supplier under the Medicare program under title XVIII of the Social Security Act (42 U.S.C. 1395 et seq.) or a participating provider under a State plan under title XIX of such Act (42 U.S.C. 1396 et seq.).
The term Secretary means the Secretary of Health and Human Services.
10. Authorization of appropriations
To carry out this Act, there is authorized to be appropriated such sums as may be necessary for the period beginning on the date of enactment of this Act and ending on the last day of the 10-year period that begins on the date on which the first Health Enterprise Zone is designated under section 2(a)(1).