James Weldon Johnson Commemorative Coin Act

James Weldon Johnson was born on June 17, 1871, in Jacksonville, Florida, to a Bahamian mother, Helen Louise Dillet, and African-American father, James Johnson. He had a younger brother, John Rosamund Johnson. His mother had a large influence on his interest in literature and music.

At the age of 16, James Weldon Johnson enrolled at Atlanta University, now Clark Atlanta University, a historically Black college, and graduated in 1894.

James Weldon Johnson returned to Jacksonville following his graduation, where he served as principal of the Stanton School. He expanded the school to include Florida’s first high school for African Americans, which opened in 1898.

In 1895, James Weldon Johnson started the Daily American, Florida’s first African-American newspaper.

During this period, James Weldon Johnson was admitted to the Florida Bar in 1897. He became the first African American to pass the Florida Bar since the Reconstruction Era ended.

In 1899, James Weldon Johnson wrote the poem “Lift Every Voice and Sing” to honor Abraham Lincoln’s birthday. His brother, John Rosamund Johnson, composed the music to turn it into a song. In 1919, the National Advancement of Colored People (NAACP) designated the song as the “Negro National Anthem”.

As part of the Great Migration, James Weldon Johnson and John Rosamund Johnson moved to Harlem, New York. They became composers for Broadway shows and later became integral figures of the Harlem Renaissance.

After winning the election, in 1906, President Theodore Roosevelt appointed James Weldon Johnson as U.S. Consul in Venezuela. In 1909, he was appointed as U.S. Consul in Nicaragua by President William Taft.

Following his diplomatic service, James Weldon Johnson became a field secretary for the NAACP in 1916. In 1920, he became the first African-American executive secretary for the NAACP, where he helped increase membership, create new chapters, and organize civil rights movements across the country.

James Weldon Johnson represented the NAACP as the chief Congressional lobbyist to encourage passage of the Representative Leonidas Dyer anti-lynching bill. This bill went on to pass the House of Representatives in 1922, but failed in the Senate due to the filibuster.

In 1930, after serving 10 years in the NAACP, James Weldon Johnson accepted an offer to become the Spence Chair of Creative Literature and Writing at Fisk University, a historically Black college in Nashville, Tennessee.

In 1934, James Weldon Johnson was hired as the first Black professor at New York University, where he taught Creative Literature and Education.

James Weldon Johnson was an accomplished novelist and poet. He released several poetry collections and novels, among his most popular pieces of literature were God’s Trombones: Seven Negro Sermons in Verse and The Autobiography of an Ex-Colored Man.

James Weldon Johnson passed away suddenly in 1938. His funeral was held in Harlem, New York, where over 2,000 people attended.

James Weldon Johnson’s excellence revolutionized literature, music, education, politics, and law. His fearlessness to fight for equality created pathways for African Americans to proudly pursue their aspirations.

Denominations— The Secretary of the Treasury (hereafter in this Act referred to as the “Secretary”) shall mint and issue the following coins in recognition and celebration of James Weldon Johnson:

Legal tender— The coins minted under this Act shall be legal tender, as provided in section 5103 of title 31, United States Code.

Numismatic items— For purposes of sections 5134 and 5136 of title 31, United States Code, all coins minted under this Act shall be considered to be numismatic items.

Selection— The design for the coins minted under this Act shall be—

Quality of coins— Coins minted under this Act shall be issued in uncirculated and proof qualities.

Period for issuance— The Secretary may issue coins minted under this Act only during the 1-year period beginning on January 1, 2024.

Sale price— The coins issued under this Act shall be sold by the Secretary at a price based upon the sum of—

Bulk sales— The Secretary shall make bulk sales of the coins issued under this Act at a reasonable discount.

In general— All sales of coins minted under this Act shall include a surcharge as follows:

Distribution— Subject to section 5134(f) of title 31, United States Code, all surcharges received by the Secretary from the sale of coins issued under this Act shall be promptly paid as follows, for the purpose of strengthening educational outcomes for students, with a focus on students of color, and supporting social justice efforts:

minting and issuing coins under this Act will not result in any net cost to the United States Government; and

no funds, including applicable surcharges, are disbursed to the recipient designated in section 7 until the total cost of designing and issuing all of the coins authorized by this Act (including labor, materials, dies, use of machinery, overhead expenses, marketing, and shipping) is recovered by the United States Treasury, consistent with sections 5112(m) and 5134(f) of title 31, United States Code.