S. 881 — what changed

changed This Act may be cited as the “Space Weather “Promoting Research and Observations of Space Weather to Improve the Forecasting of Tomorrow Act” or the “PROSWIFT Act”.

added “606 Space Weather

added “60601. Space weather

added “(a) Findings

added “(1) Space weather—Congress makes the following findings with respect to space weather:

added “(A) Space weather phenomena pose a significant threat to ground-based and space-based critical infrastructure, modern technological systems, and humans working in space.

added “(B) The effects of severe space weather on the electric power grid, satellites and satellite communications and information, aviation operations, astronauts living and working in space, and space-based position, navigation, and timing systems could have significant societal, economic, national security, and health impacts.

added “(C) Space-based and ground-based observations provide crucial data necessary to understand, forecast, and prepare for space weather phenomena.

added “(D) Clear roles and accountability of Federal departments and agencies are critical for efficient and effective response to threats posed by space weather.

added “(E) Space weather observation and forecasting are essential for the success of human and robotic space exploration.

added “(F) In October 2015, the National Science and Technology Council published a National Space Weather Strategy and a National Space Weather Action Plan seeking to integrate national space weather efforts and add new capabilities to meet increasing demand for space weather information.

added “(G) In March 2019, the National Science and Technology Council published an updated National Space Weather Strategy and Action Plan to enhance the preparedness and resilience of the United States to space weather.

added “(2) Role of Federal agencies—Congress makes the following findings with respect to the role of Federal agencies on space weather:

added “(A) The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration provides operational space weather monitoring, forecasting, and long-term data archiving and access for civil applications, maintains ground-based and space-based assets to provide observations needed for space weather forecasting, prediction, and warnings, provides research to support operational responsibilities, and develops requirements for space weather forecasting technologies and science.

added “(B) The Department of Defense provides operational space weather research, monitoring, and forecasting for the Department’s unique missions and applications.

added “(C) The National Aeronautics and Space Administration provides increased understanding of the fundamental physics of the Sun-Earth system through basic research, space-based observations and modeling, developing new space-based technologies and missions, and monitoring of space weather for the National Aeronautics and Space Administration’s space missions.

removed “607 Space Weather

removed “60701. Space weather

removed “(a) Findings—Congress makes the following findings:

removed “(1) Space weather events pose a significant threat to ground-based and space-based critical infrastructure, modern technological systems, and humans working in space.

removed “(2) The effects of severe space weather events on the electric power grid, satellites and satellite communications and information, aviation operations, astronauts living and working in space, and space-based position, navigation, and timing systems could have significant societal, economic, national security, and health impacts.

removed “(3) Earth and space observations provide crucial data necessary to predict and warn about space weather events.

removed “(4) Clear roles and accountability of Federal departments and agencies are critical for an efficient and effective response to threats posed by space weather.

removed “(5) Space weather observation and forecasting are essential for the success of space exploration.

removed “(6) In October 2015, the National Science and Technology Council published a National Space Weather Strategy and a National Space Weather Action Plan seeking to integrate national space weather efforts and add new capabilities to meet increasing demand for space weather information.

removed “(b) Federal agency roles

removed “(1) Findings—Congress makes the following findings:

removed “(A) The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration—

removed “(i) provides operational space weather forecasting and monitoring for civil applications;

removed “(ii) maintains ground and space-based assets to provide observations needed for forecasting, prediction, and warnings;

removed “(iii) provides research to support operation responsibilities; and

removed “(iv) develops requirements for space weather forecasting technologies and science.

removed “(B) The Department of Defense provides operational space weather forecasting, monitoring, and research for the department's unique missions and applications.

removed “(C) The National Aeronautics and Space Administration provides increased understanding of the fundamental physics of the Sun-Earth system through space-based observations and modeling, develops new space-based technologies and missions, and monitors space weather for NASA's space missions.

“(D) The National Science Foundation provides increased understanding of the Sun-Earth system through ground-based measurements, technologies, and modeling.

added “(E) The Department of the Interior collects, distributes, and archives operational ground-based magnetometer data in the United States and its territories, works with the international community to improve global geophysical monitoring, and develops crustal conductivity models to assess and mitigate risks from space weather-induced electric ground currents.

added “(F) The Federal Aviation Administration provides operational requirements for space weather services in support of aviation and for coordination of these requirements with the International Civil Aviation Organization, and integrates space weather data and products into the Next Generation Air Transportation System.

added “(b) Coordination by Office of Science and Technology Policy—The Director of the Office of Science and Technology Policy shall—

added “(1) coordinate the development and implementation of Federal Government activities conducted with respect to space weather to improve the ability of the United States to prepare for, avoid, mitigate, respond to, and recover from potentially devastating impacts of space weather; and

added “(2) coordinate the activities of the interagency working group on space weather established under subsection (c).

added “(c) Space weather interagency working group—Not later than 90 days after the date of enactment of the PROSWIFT Act, the National Science and Technology Council shall establish an interagency working group on space weather (in this chapter referred to as the “interagency working group”) to coordinate executive branch actions that improve the understanding and prediction of and preparation for space weather phenomena, and coordinate Federal space weather activities.

added “(1) Membership—The following entities shall be members of the interagency working group:

added “(A) The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration.

added “(B) The National Aeronautics and Space Administration.

added “(C) The National Science Foundation.

added “(D) The Department of Defense.

added “(E) The Department of the Interior.

added “(F) Such other Federal agencies as the Director of the Office of Science and Technology Policy deems appropriate.

added “(2) Interagency agreements

added “(A) The members of the interagency working group may enter into one or more interagency agreements providing for cooperation and collaboration in the development of space weather spacecraft, instruments, technologies, and research to operations and operations to research in accordance with this chapter.

added “(B) The Administrator of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration and the Administrator of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration shall enter into one or more interagency agreements providing for cooperation and collaboration in the development of space weather spacecraft, instruments, and technologies in accordance with this chapter.

added “(3) International, academic community, and commercial sector collaboration—Each Federal agency participating in the space weather interagency working group established under this subsection shall, to the extent practicable, increase engagement and cooperation with the international community, academic community, and commercial space weather sector on the observational infrastructure, data, and scientific research necessary to advance the monitoring, forecasting, and prediction of, preparation for, and protection from, space weather phenomena.

added “(d) Space weather advisory group

added “(1) In general

added “(A) Establishment—Not later than 180 days after the date of the enactment of the PROSWIFT Act, the Administrator of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, in consultation with other relevant Federal agencies, shall establish a space weather advisory group (in this chapter referred to as the “advisory group”) for the purposes of receiving advice from the academic community, the commercial space weather sector, and space weather end users that informs the interests and work of the interagency working group.

added “(B) Composition—The advisory group shall be composed of not more than 15 members appointed by the interagency working group, of whom—

added “(i) 5 members shall be representatives of the academic community;

added “(ii) 5 members shall be representatives of the commercial space weather sector; and

added “(iii) 5 members shall be nongovernmental representatives of the space weather end user community.

added “(C) Chair—Not later than 30 days after the date on which the last member of the advisory group is appointed under subparagraph (B), the Administrator of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration shall appoint 1 member as the Chair of the advisory group.

added “(D) Terms—The length of the term of each member of the advisory group shall be 3 years beginning on the date on which the member is appointed.

added “(E) Term limits

added “(i) In general—A member of the advisory group may not serve on the advisory group for more than 2 consecutive terms.

added “(ii) Chair—A member of the advisory group may not serve as the Chair of the advisory group for more than 2 terms, regardless of whether the terms are consecutive.

added “(2) Duties—The advisory group shall advise the interagency working group on the following:

added “(A) Facilitating advances in the space weather enterprise of the United States.

added “(B) Improving the ability of the United States to prepare for, mitigate, respond to, and recover from space weather phenomena.

added “(C) Enabling the coordination and facilitation of research to operations and operations to research, as described in section 60604(d).

added “(D) Developing and implementing the integrated strategy under section 60602 including subsequent updates and reevaluations.

added “(3) User survey

added “(A) In general—Not later than 180 days after the establishment of the advisory group, the advisory group shall conduct a comprehensive survey of the needs of users of space weather products to identify the space weather research, observations, forecasting, prediction, and modeling advances required to improve space weather products.

added “(B) Survey considerations—The survey conducted under subparagraph (A) shall—

added “(i) assess the adequacy of current Federal Government goals for lead time, accuracy, coverage, timeliness, data rate, and data quality for space weather observations and forecasting;

added “(ii) identify options and methods to, in consultation with the academic community and the commercial space weather sector, improve upon the advancement of the goals described in clause (i);

added “(iii) identify opportunities for collection of new data to address the needs of the space weather user community;

added “(iv) identify methods to increase coordination of space weather research to operations and operations to research;

added “(v) identify opportunities for new technologies, research, and instrumentation to aid in research, understanding, monitoring, modeling, prediction, forecasting, and warning of space weather; and

added “(vi) identify methods and technologies to improve preparedness for potential space weather phenomena.

added “(C) Coordination with agencies—In carrying out the requirements of this subsection, the advisory group shall communicate and coordinate with the interagency working group to ensure the needs of the governmental space weather user community are adequately and appropriately identified by the survey under subparagraph (A).

added “(D) Briefing to Congress—Not later than 30 days after the completion of the survey under subparagraph (A), the advisory group shall provide to the Committee on Science, Space, and Technology of the House of Representatives and the Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation of the Senate a briefing on the results of the survey under subparagraph (A).

added “(E) Publication—Within 30 days of the briefing to Congress, the advisory group shall make the results of the survey under subparagraph (A) publicly available.

added “(F) Reevaluation—The advisory group shall review and assess the survey under subparagraph (A) not less than every 3 years and update, resubmit, and republish the survey in accordance with the requirements of subparagraphs (D) and (E).

added “(4) Federal Advisory Committee Act—Section 14 of the Federal Advisory Committee Act (5 U.S.C. App.) shall not apply to the advisory group.

added “60602. Integrated strategy

added “(a) In general—The Director of the Office of Science and Technology Policy, in collaboration with the interagency working group and upon the advice of the advisory group, shall develop a strategy for coordinated observation of space weather among members of the interagency working group (in this chapter, referred to as the “integrated strategy”). The integrated strategy shall identify—

added “(1) observations and measurements that must be sustained beyond the lifetime of current ground-based and space-based assets, as described under section 60603, that are essential for space weather research, models, forecasting, and prediction;

added “(2) new observations and measurements that may significantly improve space weather forecasting and prediction; and

added “(3) plans for follow-on space-based observations under section 60603.

added “(b) Considerations—In developing the integrated strategy in subsection (a), the Director of the Office of Science and Technology Policy shall consider, as appropriate, the following:

added “(1) Potential contributions of commercial solutions, prize authority, academic and international partnerships, microsatellites, small satellite options, ground-based instruments, and hosted payloads for observations identified in section 60602(a)(2).

added “(2) Work conducted before the date of enactment of the PROSWIFT Act by the National Science and Technology Council with respect to space weather.

added “(3) The survey under section 60601(d).

added “(4) Any relevant recommendations from the most recent National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine Decadal Survey for Solar and Space Physics (Heliophysics).

added “(c) Review of integrated strategy

added “(1) Review—The Administrator of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration and the Administrator of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, in consultation with Federal agencies participating in the interagency working group, shall enter into an agreement with the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine to review the integrated strategy developed in this section.

added “(2) Considerations—The review from paragraph (1) shall also consider the current state, capability, and feasibility of the commercial space weather sector to provide new and supplemental observations and measurements that may significantly improve space weather forecasting and prediction.

added “(3) Transmittal—The Director of the Office of Science and Technology Policy, the Administrator of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration, and the Administrator of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration shall transmit the integrated strategy and the results of the review required under paragraph (1) to the Committee on Science, Space, and Technology of the House of Representatives and the Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation of the Senate not later than 1 year after the date of the completion of the survey under section 60601(d)(3). The integrated strategy and its review shall be made publicly available within 30 days of submittal to Congress.

added “(d) Implementation plan—Not later than 180 days after delivery of the review of the integrated strategy in subsection (c)(3), the interagency working group shall develop a plan to implement the integrated strategy, including an estimate of the cost and schedule required for implementation. Upon completion, the interagency working group shall submit the implementation plan to the Committees on Science, Space, and Technology and Armed Services of the House of Representatives and the Committees on Commerce, Science, and Transportation and Armed Services of the Senate. The implementation plan shall be made publicly available within 30 days of submittal to Congress.

added “(e) Reevaluation—The Director, in collaboration with the interagency working group, shall update the integrated strategy not later than 1 year after the reevaluation of the user survey from section 60601(d)(3)(F) in accordance with the requirements of subsections (a) through (d).

added “60603. Sustaining and advancing critical space weather observations

added “(a) Policy—It is the policy of the United States to—

added “(1) establish and sustain a baseline capability for space weather observations and to make such observations and data publicly available; and

added “(2) obtain enhanced space weather observations, as practicable, to advance forecasting and prediction capability, as informed by the integrated strategy in section 60602.

added “(b) Sustaining baseline space-based observational capabilities

added “(1) The Administrator of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration shall, in cooperation with the European Space Agency and other international and interagency partners, maintain operations of the Solar and Heliospheric Observatory/Large Angle and Spectrometric Coronagraph (referred to in this section as “SOHO/LASCO”) for as long as the satellite continues to deliver quality observations.

added “(2) The Administrator of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration shall prioritize the reception of SOHO/LASCO data.

added “(3) The Administrator of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration shall maintain, for as long as is practicable, operations of current space-based observational assets, including but not limited to the Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellites system, and the Deep Space Climate Observatory.

added “(c) Backup space-based observational capability—The Administrator of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, in coordination with the Secretary of Defense and the Administrator of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration, shall work with Federal and international partners in order to secure reliable backup baseline capability for near real-time coronal mass ejection imagery, solar wind, solar imaging, coronal imagery, and other relevant observations required to provide space weather forecasts.

added “(d) SOHO/LASCO operational contingency plan—The Administrator of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration shall develop an operational contingency plan to provide continuous space weather forecasting in the event of an unexpected SOHO/LASCO failure, and prior to the implementation of the backup space-based baseline observational capability in section 60603(c).

added “(e) Briefing—Not later than 120 days after the date of enactment of the PROSWIFT Act, the Administrator of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration shall provide a briefing to the Committee on Science, Space, and Technology of the House of Representatives and the Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation of the Senate on the plan to secure reliable backup baseline capability described in subsection (c) and the SOHO/LASCO operational contingency plan developed under subsection (d).

added “(f) Sustaining ground-based observational capability—The Director of the National Science Foundation, the Director of the United States Geological Survey, the Secretary of the Air Force, and, as practicable in support of the Air Force, the Secretary of the Navy, shall each—

added “(1) maintain and improve ground-based observations of the Sun, as necessary and advisable, to help meet the needs identified in the survey under section 60601(d)(3); and

added “(2) continue to provide space weather data through ground-based facilities, including radars, lidars, magnetometers, neutron monitors, radio receivers, aurora and airglow imagers, spectrometers, interferometers, and solar observatories.

added “(g) Considerations—In implementing subsections (b), (c), and (d), the Administrators of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration and the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, the Directors of the National Science Foundation and United States Geological Survey, and the Secretaries of the Air Force and the Navy shall prioritize cost-effective and reliable solutions.

added “(h) Ground-based observational data—The Director of the National Science Foundation shall—

added “(1) make available to the public key data streams from the platforms and facilities described in subsection (d) for research and to support space weather model development;

removed “(E) The Department of the Interior collects, distributes, and archives operational ground-based magnetometer data in the United States and its territories, works with the international community to improve global geophysical monitoring, and develops crustal conductivity models to assess and mitigate risk from space weather induced electric ground currents.

removed “(F) The Federal Aviation Administration provides operational requirements for space weather services in support of aviation and for coordination of these requirements with the International Civil Aviation Organization, integrates space weather data and products into the Next Generation Air Transportation System.

removed “(2) Office of Science and Technology policy—The Director of the Office of Science and Technology Policy shall—

removed “(A) coordinate the development and implementation of Federal Government activities to improve the ability of the United States to prepare, avoid, mitigate, respond to, and recover from potentially devastating impacts of space weather events; and

removed “(B) coordinate the activities of the space weather interagency working group established under subsection (c).

removed “(c) Space weather interagency working group—The National Science and Technology Council shall establish an interagency working group on space weather (referred to in this section as the “interagency working group”) to continue coordination of executive branch efforts to understand, prepare, coordinate, and plan for space weather.

removed “(d) Membership—In order to understand and respond to the adverse effects of space weather, the interagency working group shall leverage capabilities across participating Federal agencies, including—

removed “(1) the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration;

removed “(2) the National Aeronautics and Space Administration;

removed “(3) the National Science Foundation;

removed “(4) the Department of Defense;

removed “(5) the Department of the Interior;

removed “(6) the Department of Homeland Security;

removed “(7) the Department of Energy;

removed “(8) the Department of Transportation, including the Federal Aviation Administration; and

removed “(9) the Department of State.

removed “(e) Interagency agreements

removed “(1) Sense of Congress—It is the sense of Congress that the interagency collaboration between the National Aeronautics and Space Administration and the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration on terrestrial weather observations provides—

removed “(A) an effective mechanism for improving weather and climate data collection while avoiding unnecessary duplication of capabilities across Federal agencies; and

removed “(B) an agency collaboration model that could benefit space weather observations.

removed “(2) Interagency agreements—The Administrator of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration and the Administrator of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration shall enter into one or more interagency agreements providing for cooperation and collaboration in the development of space weather spacecraft, instruments, and technologies in accordance with this chapter.

removed “(f) Space weather advisory group

removed “(1) Establishment—The interagency working group shall establish a space weather advisory group (in this chapter referred to as the “advisory group”) to facilitate communication and knowledge transfer among Federal Government agencies, the academic community, the commercial sector, and space weather end users.

removed “(2) Composition—The advisory group shall be composed of not more than 15 members appointed by the interagency working group, of whom—

removed “(A) 5 members shall be representatives of the academic community;

removed “(B) 5 members shall be representatives of the commercial sector; and

removed “(C) 5 members shall be nongovernmental representatives of the space weather end user community.

removed “(3) Chair—Not later than 30 days after the date on which the last member of the advisory group is appointed under paragraph (2), the interagency working group shall appoint 1 member as the Chair of the advisory group.

removed “(4) Terms—The length of the term of each member of the advisory group shall be 3 years beginning on the date on which the member is appointed.

removed “(5) Term limits

removed “(A) In general—A member of the advisory group may not serve on the advisory group for more than 2 consecutive terms.

removed “(B) Chair—A member of the advisory group may not serve as the Chair of the advisory group for more than 2 terms, regardless of whether the terms are consecutive.

removed “(6) Duties—The duties of the advisory group shall be as follows:

removed “(A) To facilitate advances in the space weather enterprise of the United States.

removed “(B) To improve the ability of the United States to prepare for, avoid, mitigate, respond to, and recover from space weather events.

removed “(C) To enable the coordination of research to operations and operations to research, as described in section 60703(d).

removed “(D) To advise the interagency working group with respect to the development and implementation of the integrated strategy developed under section 60702(b) and subsequent updates and reevaluations.

removed “60702. Observations and forecasting

removed “(a) Policy—It is the policy of the United States to establish and sustain a baseline capability for space weather observations.

removed “(b) Integrated strategy

removed “(1) In general—The Director of the Office of Science and Technology Policy, in coordination with the Administrator of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, the Administrator of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration, the Director of the National Science Foundation, and the Secretary of Defense, and in consultation with the academic community, the commercial sector, and the advisory group shall develop an integrated strategy for solar, solar wind, and geospace observations beyond the lifetime of current assets that considers the provision of solar, solar wind, and geospace measurements and other space weather measurements—

removed “(A) essential to space weather forecasting; and

removed “(B) important for scientific purposes.

removed “(2) Considerations—In developing the strategy under paragraph (1), the Director of the Office of Science and Technology Policy shall—

removed “(A) consider small satellite options, hosted payloads, commercial options, international options, and prize authority; and

removed “(B) leverage and build on work conducted before the date of the enactment of this chapter by the National Science and Technology Council with respect to space weather.

removed “(c) Critical observations—In order to sustain current space-based observational capabilities, the Administrator of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration shall—

removed “(1) in cooperation with the European Space Agency and other international and interagency partners, maintain operations of the Solar and Heliospheric Observatory/Large Angle and Spectrometric Coronagraph (referred to in this section as “SOHO/LASCO”) for as long as the satellite continues to deliver quality observations; and

removed “(2) prioritize the reception of LASCO data.

removed “(d) Additional capability for solar imaging

removed “(1) In general—The Administrator of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration shall secure reliable secondary capability for near real-time coronal mass ejection imagery.

removed “(2) Options—The Administrator of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, in coordination with the Secretary of Defense and the Administrator of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration, shall develop options to build and deploy one or more instruments for near real-time coronal mass ejection imagery.

removed “(3) Considerations—In developing options under paragraph (2), the Administrator of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration shall consider commercial solutions, prize authority, academic and international partnerships, microsatellites, ground-based instruments, and opportunities to deploy the instrument or instruments as a secondary payload on an upcoming planned launch.

removed “(4) Costs—In implementing paragraph (1), the Administrator of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration shall prioritize a cost-effective solution.

removed “(5) Operational planning—The Administrator of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration shall develop an operational contingency plan to provide continuous space weather forecasting in the event of a SOHO/LASCO failure.

removed “(6) Briefing—Not later than 120 days after the date of enactment of the Space Weather Research and Forecasting Act, the Administrator of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration shall provide a briefing to the Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation of the Senate and the Committee on Science, Space, and Technology of the House of Representatives on the options for building and deploying the instrument or instruments described in paragraph (2) and the operational contingency plan developed under paragraph (5).

removed “(e) Follow-On space-Based observations—The Administrator of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, in coordination with the Secretary of Defense, shall develop requirements and a plan for follow-on space-based observations for operational purposes, in accordance with the integrated strategy developed under subsection (b).

removed “(f) Report—Not later than 180 days after the date of enactment of the Space Weather Research and Forecasting Act, the Director of the Office of Science and Technology Policy shall submit to the Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation of the Senate and the Committee on Science, Space, and Technology of the House of Representatives a report on the integrated strategy under subsection (b), including the plans for follow-on space-based observations under subsection (e).

removed “(g) Ground-Based observations—The National Science Foundation, the United States Geological Survey, the Air Force, and where practicable in support of the Air Force, the Navy shall each—

removed “(1) maintain and improve, as necessary and advisable, ground-based observations of the Sun to help meet the priorities identified in section 60703(a); and

removed “(2) provide space weather data by means of its set of ground-based facilities, including radars, lidars, magnetometers, radio receivers, aurora and airglow imagers, spectrometers, interferometers, and solar observatories.

removed “(h) Ground-Based observations data—The National Science Foundation shall—

removed “(1) make available to the public key data streams from the platforms described in subsection (g) for research and to support space weather model development;

“(2) develop experimental models for scientific purposes; and

“(3) support the transition of the experimental models to operations where appropriate.

added “(i) Enhanced space-based observations—The Administrator of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, in coordination with the Secretary of Defense, should develop options to build and deploy space-based observational capabilities, beyond the baseline capabilities referenced in subsection (b), that may improve space weather measurements and observations. These supplemental observational capabilities could include commercial solutions, prize authority, academic partnerships, microsatellites, ground-based instruments, and opportunities to deploy the instrument or instruments as a secondary payload on an upcoming planned launch.

added “60604. Research activities

added “(a) Basic research—The Director of the National Science Foundation, the Administrator of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration, and the Secretary of Defense, shall—

added “(1) continue to carry out basic research on heliophysics, geospace science, and space weather; and

added “(2) support competitive, peer-reviewed proposals for conducting research, advancing modeling, and monitoring of space weather and its impacts, including the science goals outlined in decadal surveys in solar and space physics conducted by the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine.

added “(b) Multidisciplinary research

added “(1) Findings—Congress finds that the multidisciplinary nature of solar and space physics creates funding challenges that require coordination across scientific disciplines and Federal agencies.

added “(2) Sense of Congress—It is the sense of Congress that science centers could coordinate multidisciplinary solar and space physics research. The Administrator of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration and Director of the National Science Foundation should support competitively awarded grants for multidisciplinary science centers that advance solar and space physics research, including research-to-operations and operations-to-research processes.

added “(3) Multidisciplinary research—The Director of the National Science Foundation, the Administrator of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, and the Administrator of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration, shall each pursue multidisciplinary research in subjects that further the understanding of solar physics, space physics, and space weather.

added “(c) Science missions—The Administrator of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration should implement missions that meet the science objectives identified in solar and space physics decadal surveys conducted by the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine.

added “(d) Research to operations; operations to research—The interagency working group shall, upon consideration of the advice of the advisory group, develop formal mechanisms to—

added “(1) transition the space weather research findings, models, and capabilities of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration, the National Science Foundation, the United States Geological Survey, and other relevant Federal agencies, as appropriate, to the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration and the Department of Defense;

added “(2) enhance coordination between research modeling centers and forecasting centers; and

added “(3) communicate the operational needs of space weather forecasters of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration and Department of Defense, as appropriate, to the National Aeronautics and Space Administration, the National Science Foundation, and the United States Geological Survey.

added “60605. Space weather data

added “(a) In general—The Administrator of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration and the Director of the National Science Foundation shall continue to—

added “(1) make space weather-related data obtained for scientific research purposes available to space weather forecasters and operations centers; and

removed “60703. Research and technology

removed “(a) User needs

removed “(1) In general—The Administrator of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, the Secretary of the Air Force, and where practicable in support of the Air Force, the Secretary of the Navy, in conjunction with the heads of other relevant Federal agencies, shall conduct a comprehensive survey to identify and prioritize the needs of space weather forecast users, including space weather data and space weather forecast data needed to improve services and inform research priorities and technology needs.

removed “(2) Contents—In conducting the comprehensive survey under paragraph (1), the Administrator of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, the Secretary of the Air Force, and where practicable in support of the Air Force, the Secretary of the Navy, at a minimum, shall—

removed “(A) consider the goals for forecast lead time, accuracy, coverage, timeliness, data rate, and data quality for space weather observations;

removed “(B) identify opportunities to address the needs identified under paragraph (1) through collaborations with academia, the private sector, and the international community;

removed “(C) identify opportunities for new technologies and instrumentation to address the needs identified under paragraph (1); and

removed “(D) publish a report on the findings under subparagraphs (A) through (C).

removed “(3) Publication—Not later than 1 year after the date of the enactment of the Space Weather Research and Forecasting Act, and every 3 years thereafter, the Administrator of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, the Secretary of the Air Force, and where practicable in support of the Air Force, the Secretary of the Navy, shall—

removed “(A) make the results of the comprehensive survey publicly available; and

removed “(B) notify the Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation of the Senate and the Committee on Science, Space, and Technology of the House of Representatives of the publication under subparagraph (A).

removed “(b) Research activities

removed “(1) Basic research—The Director of the National Science Foundation, the Administrator of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration, and the Secretary of Defense shall continue to carry out basic research activities on heliophysics, geo­space science, and space weather and support competitive, merit-based, peer-reviewed proposals for research, modeling, and monitoring of space weather and its impacts, including science goals outlined in Solar and Space Physics Decadal surveys conducted by the National Academy of Sciences.

removed “(2) Multidisciplinary research

removed “(A) Findings—Congress finds that the multidisciplinary nature of solar and space physics creates funding challenges that require coordination across scientific disciplines and Federal agencies.

removed “(B) Multidisciplinary research—The Director of the National Science Foundation, the Administrator of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, and the Administrator of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration shall pursue multidisciplinary research in subjects that further our understanding of solar physics, space physics, and space weather.

removed “(C) Sense of Congress—It is the sense of Congress that the Administrator of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration and the Director of the National Science Foundation should support competitively awarded Heliophysics Science Centers.

removed “(c) Science missions—The Administrator of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration shall seek to implement missions that meet the science objectives identified in Solar and Space Physics Decadal surveys conducted by the National Academy of Sciences.

removed “(d) Research to operations; operations to research

removed “(1) In general—The Administrator of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration, the Director of the National Science Foundation, the Administrator of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, the Secretary of the Air Force, and where practicable in support of the Air Force, the Secretary of the Navy, shall—

removed “(A) develop a formal mechanism to transition National Aeronautics and Space Administration, National Science Foundation, United States Geological Survey, Air Force, and Navy research findings, models, and capabilities, as appropriate, to National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration and Department of Defense space weather operational forecasting centers; and

removed “(B) enhance coordination between research modeling centers and forecasting centers.

removed “(2) Operational needs—The Administrator of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration and the Secretary of Defense, in coordination with the Administrator of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration and the Director of the National Science Foundation, shall develop a formal mechanism to communicate the operational needs of space weather forecasters to the research community.

removed “(e) Technology development

removed “(1) Findings—Congress finds that observations and measurements closer to the Sun or at the Sun-Earth Lagrangian L5 point with advanced instrumentation would provide for more advanced warning of space weather disturbances (as defined in section 3(a) of the Space Weather Research and Forecasting Act).

removed “(2) Technology and instrumentation development—The Administrator of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration and the Director of the National Science Foundation shall support the development of technologies and instrumentation to improve space weather forecasting lead-time and accuracy to meet the needs identified by the Administrator of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration.

removed “60704. Space weather data

removed “(a) In general—The Administrator of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration and the Director of the National Science Foundation shall—

removed “(1) make space weather related data obtained for scientific research purposes available to space weather forecasters and operations centers; and

“(2) support model development and model applications to space weather forecasting.

added “(b) Research—The Administrator of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration shall make space weather-related data obtained from operational forecasting available for research.

added “60606. Space weather knowledge transfer and information exchange

added “Not later than 180 days after the date of enactment of the PROSWIFT Act, the Administrator of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, in collaboration with the Administrator of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration and the Director of the National Science Foundation, shall enter into an arrangement with the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine to establish a Space Weather Government-Academic-Commercial Roundtable to facilitate communication and knowledge transfer among Government participants in the space weather interagency working group established under section 60601(c), the academic community, and the commercial space weather sector to—

added “(1) facilitate advances in space weather prediction and forecasting;

added “(2) increase coordination of space weather research to operations and operations to research; and

added “(3) improve preparedness for potential space weather phenomena.

added “60607. Pilot program for obtaining commercial sector space weather data

added “(a) Establishment—Not later than 12 months after the date of enactment of the PROSWIFT Act, the Administrator of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration may establish a pilot program under which the Administrator will offer to enter into contracts with one or more entities in the commercial space weather sector for the provision to the Administrator of space weather data generated by such an entity that meets the standards and specifications published under subsection (b).

added “(b) Data standard and specifications—Not later than 18 months after the date of enactment of the PROSWIFT Act, the Administrator of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, in consultation with the Secretary of Defense, may publish standards and specifications for ground-based, ocean-based, air-based, and space-based commercial space weather data and metadata.

added “(c) Contracts

added “(1) In general—Within 12 months after the date of transmission of the review of the integrated strategy to Congress under section 60602(c)(3) and taking into account the results of the review, the Administrator of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration may offer to enter, through an open competition, into at least one contract with one or more commercial space weather sector entities capable of providing space weather data that—

added “(A) meets the standards and specifications established for providing such data under subsection (b); and

added “(B) is provided in a manner that allows the Administrator of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration to calibrate and evaluate the data for use in space weather research and forecasting models of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, the Department of Defense, or both.

added “(2) Assessment—If one or more contract is entered into under paragraph (1), not later than 4 years after the date of enactment of the PROSWIFT Act, the Administrator of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration shall assess, and submit to the Committees on Science, Space, and Technology and Armed Services of the House of Representatives and the Committees on Commerce, Science, and Transportation and Armed Services of the Senate, a report on the extent to which the pilot program has demonstrated data provided under contracts described in paragraph (1) meet the standards and specifications established under subsection (b) and the extent to which the pilot program has demonstrated—

added “(A) the viability of assimilating the commercially provided data into National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration space weather research and forecasting models;

added “(B) whether, and by how much, the data so provided add value to space weather forecasts of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration and the Department of Defense; and

added “(C) the accuracy, quality, timeliness, validity, reliability, usability, information technology security, and cost-effectiveness of obtaining commercial space weather data from commercial sector providers.

added “60608. Space weather benchmarks

added “The interagency working group established under section 60601(c) shall periodically review and update the benchmarks described in the report of the National Science and Technology Council entitled “Space Weather Phase 1 Benchmarks” and dated June 2018, as necessary, based on—

added “(1) any significant new data or advances in scientific understanding that become available; or

added “(2) the evolving needs of entities impacted by space weather phenomena.”

removed “(b) Research—The Administrator of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration shall make space weather related data obtained from operational forecasting available for scientific research.”