1. Short title
This Act may be cited as the “National Fab Lab Network Act of 2019”.
National Fab Lab Network Act of 2019
A BILL
To establish the National Fab Lab Network, a Federally chartered organization consisting of a national network of local digital fabrication facilities providing universal access to advanced manufacturing tools for workforce development, STEM education, developing inventions, creating businesses, producing personalized products, mitigating risks, and other purposes.
2. Findings
Congress finds the following:
Scientific discoveries and technical innovations are critical to the economic and national security of the United States.
Maintaining the leadership of the United States in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics will require a diverse population with the skills, interest, and access to tools required to advance these fields.
Just as earlier digital revolutions in communications and computation provided individuals with the internet and personal computers, a digital revolution in fabrication will allow anyone to make almost anything, anywhere.
These creations include elements of a typical household basket of goods (furnishings, apparel, food production equipment, shelter, transportation, education and communication, recreation, and other goods and services), personal technology, means for personal expression, the production of digital fabrication machinery, community design, and manufacturing capability.
The Center for Bits and Atoms of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (CBA) has contributed significantly to the advancement of these goals through its work in creating and advancing digital fabrication facilities, or “fab labs” in the United States and abroad.
Such digital fabrication facilities may include MakerSpaces, Hackerspaces, and other creative spaces that use digital fabrication as a platform for education, innovation, entrepreneurship, personal expression, public access, and social impact.
Such digital fabrication facilities provide a model for a new kind of national laboratory that operates as a network, linking local facilities for advanced manufacturing, providing universal access, cultivating new literacies, and empowering communities.
The nonprofit Fab Foundation was established to support the growth of the international network of digital fabrication facilities, to amplify the educational, entrepreneurial, and social impacts of digital fabrication facilities, and to support the development of regional capacity building organizations to broaden impact as well as address local, regional, and global challenges through the use of digital fabrication technologies.
A coordinated array of national public-private partnerships will be the most effective way to accelerate the provision of universal access to this infrastructure for workforce development, science, technology, engineering, and mathematics education, developing inventions, creating businesses, producing personalized products, and mitigating risks.
3. National Fab Lab Network
Part B of subtitle II of title 36, United States Code, is amended by adding at the end the following new chapter:
“2501 National Fab Lab Network
“250101. Definitions
“In this chapter:
“(1) Corporation—The term corporation means the National Fab Lab Network.
“(2) Fab lab—The term fab lab means a facility that—
“(A) contains the range of capabilities required to create form and function from digital designs, including—
“(i) computer-controlled machines for additive and subtractive fabrication processes;
“(ii) tools and components for manufacturing and programming electronic circuits;
“(iii) materials and methods for short-run production; and
“(iv) workflows for three-dimensional design and digitization; and
“(B) is committed to supporting education, innovation, entrepreneurship, personal expression, self-sufficiency, and social impact for its community through digital fabrication.
“250102. Organization
“(a) Establishment—There is hereby established the National Fab Lab Network.
“(b) Federal charter—The National Fab Lab Network is a federally chartered corporation.
“(c) Place of incorporation—The corporation is declared to be a nonprofit corporation incorporated in the District of Columbia.
“(d) Perpetual existence—Except as otherwise provided, the corporation shall have perpetual succession.
“250103. Goals and activities
“(a) Goals—The goals of the corporation are as follows:
“(1) To foster current and future fab labs.
“(2) To create a national network of connected local fab labs to empower individuals and communities in the United States.
“(3) To foster the use of distributed digital fabrication tools—
“(A) to promote science, technology, engineering and math skills;
“(B) to increase invention and innovation;
“(C) to create businesses and jobs;
“(D) to fulfill personal, professional, and community needs;
“(E) to create value and mitigate harm;
“(F) to increase self-sufficiency for individuals, households, and communities;
“(G) to reduce dependency on global supply chains; and
“(H) to align workforce development with new and emerging jobs.
“(4) To provide a platform for education, research, and for catalyzing new methods in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics education, and introducing digital fabrication as an essential new literacy.
“(5) To create new ways of educating the workforce that will enable workers to compete in a 21st century global marketplace.
“(b) Activities—To attain the goals described in subsection (a), the corporation shall carry out activities, including the following:
“(1) Seeking, initially, to establish a minimum of one fab lab in each Congressional District.
“(2) Seeking to establish additional labs within the network created under subsection (a)(2), in response to local demand, and to provide guidelines for their sustainable operation.
“(3) Linking fab labs into a national network, and promoting further expansion of fab labs across the United States.
“(4) Serving as a resource to assist diverse public and private stakeholders with the effective operation of fab labs, and the training of fab lab leaders and mentors.
“(5) Maintaining a national registry of fab labs.
“(6) Providing standards and protocols for connecting fab labs regionally, nationally, and globally.
“250104. Membership and organization
“Except as provided in this chapter, eligibility for membership in the corporation and the rights and privileges of members are as provided in the constitution and bylaws of the corporation.
“250105. Governing body
“(a) In general—Except as provided in subsection (b), directors, officers, and other staff of the corporation, and their powers and duties, are as provided in the bylaws of the corporation.
“(b) Board membership
“(1) Composition—The board of the corporation shall be composed of not fewer than 7 members and not more than 15 members.
“(2) Representation
“(A) In general—The membership of the board of the corporation shall collectively represent the diversity of fab labs.
“(B) Requirement—At a minimum, the board of the corporation shall be composed of members from geographic regions across the United States, Tribal communities, educational and research institutions, libraries, nonprofit and commercial organizations, diverse demographic groups, and the Fab Foundation.
“(C) Individual representation—An individual member of the board of the corporation may represent more than one board role and additional roles may be added to reflect the diversity of the fab lab ecosystem.
“(3) Selection—The initial board of the corporation shall be chosen, in consultation with the Fab Foundation and in accordance with paragraph (2)(A), as follows:
“(A) Two shall be appointed by the majority leader of the Senate.
“(B) Two shall be appointed by the minority leader of the Senate.
“(C) Two shall be appointed by the Speaker of the House of Representatives.
“(D) Two shall be appointed by the minority leader of the House of Representatives.
“250106. Powers
“The corporation may—
“(1) coordinate the creation of a national network of local fab labs in the United States;
“(2) issue guidelines for the sustainable operation of fab labs;
“(3) issue standards and guidelines for fab labs;
“(4) serve as a resource for organizations and communities seeking to create fab labs by providing information, assessing suitability, advising on the lab lifecycle, and maintaining descriptions of prospective and operating sites;
“(5) accept funds from private individuals, organizations, government agencies, or other organizations;
“(6) distribute funds to other organizations to establish and operate fab labs as members of the corporation;
“(7) facilitate communication between other organizations seeking to join the corporation with operational entities that can source and install fab labs, provide training, assist with operations, account for spending, and assess impact;
“(8) communicate the benefits available through membership in the corporation to communities and the public;
“(9) facilitate and participate in synergistic programs, including workforce training, job creation, researching the enabling technology and broader impacts of such programs, and the production of civic infrastructure;
“(10) develop processes and methods to mitigate risks associated with digital fabrication;
“(11) amend a constitution and bylaws for the management of its property and the regulation of its affairs;
“(12) choose directors, officers, trustees, managers, employees, and agents as the activities of the corporation require;
“(13) make contracts;
“(14) acquire, own, lease, encumber, and transfer property as necessary or convenient to carry out the purposes of the corporation;
“(15) borrow money, issue instruments of indebtedness, and secure its obligations by granting security interests in its property;
“(16) charge and collect membership dues and subscription fees; and
“(17) sue and be sued.
“250107. Exclusive right to name, term, seals, emblems, and badges
“The corporation and its participating digital fabrication labs have the exclusive right to use—
“(1) the name “National Fab Lab Network”;
“(2) the term “fab lab” as referring to a member fab lab of the corporation; and
“(3) any seals, emblems, and badges the corporation adopts.
“250108. Restrictions
“(a) Stock and dividends—The corporation may not issue securities of any kind or declare or pay a dividend.
“(b) Distribution of income or assets—The income or assets of the corporation may not inure to the benefit of, or be distributed to, a director, officer, or member during the life of the charter of the corporation under this chapter. This subsection does not prevent the payment of reasonable compensation to an officer or reimbursement for actual necessary expenses in amounts approved by the board of directors.
“(c) Loans—The corporation may not make a loan to a director, officer, or employee.
“(d) Claim of governmental approval or authority—The corporation may not claim congressional approval or the authority of the United States Government for any of its activities, but may recognize congressional approval of this charter.
“250109. Records and inspection
“(a) Records—The corporation shall keep—
“(1) correct and complete records of account;
“(2) minutes of the proceedings of its members, board of directors, and committees having any of the authority of its board of directors; and
“(3) at its principal office, a record of the names and addresses of its members entitled to vote.
“(b) Inspections—A member entitled to vote, or an agent or attorney of the member, may inspect the records of the corporation for any proper purpose, at any reasonable time.
“250110. Duty to maintain tax exempt status
“The corporation shall maintain its status as an organization exempt from taxation under the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 (26 U.S.C. 1 et seq.).
“250111. Liability for acts of officers and agents
“The corporation is liable for the acts of its officers and agents acting within the scope of their authority.
“250112. Annual report
“Not less frequently than once each year, the corporation shall submit to Congress, including specifically to the Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation of the Senate and the Committee on Science, Space, and Technology of the House of Representatives, a report on the activities of the corporation during the prior fiscal year. The report shall be submitted at the same time as the report of the audit required by section 10101 of this title.”