Section 1 Short title
This Act may be cited as the “Presumptive Benefits for War Fighters Exposed to Burn Pits and Other Toxins Act of 2020”.
Presumptive Benefits for War Fighters Exposed to Burn Pits and Other Toxins Act of 2020
A BILL
To amend title 38, United States Code, to provide for a presumption of service connection for certain diseases associated with exposure to toxins, including emissions from open burn pits, and for other purposes.
Sec. 2 Presumption of service connection for certain diseases associated with exposure to open burn pits and other toxins
In general— Subchapter II of chapter 11 of title 38, United States Code, is amended by adding at the end the following new section:
“1119. Presumption of service connection for certain diseases associated with exposure to open burn pits and other toxins
“(a) Presumption of service connection
“(1) For the purposes of section 1110 of this title, and subject to section 1113 of this title, a disease specified in paragraph (2) becoming manifest in a veteran described in paragraph (3) shall be considered to have been incurred in or aggravated during active military, naval, or air service, notwithstanding that there is no record of evidence of such disease during the period of such service.
“(2) The diseases specified in this paragraph are the following:
“(A) Asthma that was diagnosed after service in a country or territory listed under paragraph (4)(B).
“(B) Cancer of any type.
“(C) Chronic bronchitis.
“(D) Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.
“(E) Constrictive bronchiolitis or obliterative bronchiolitis.
“(F) Emphysema.
“(G) Granulomatous disease.
“(H) Interstitial lung disease.
“(I) Lymphoma.
“(J) Pleuritis.
“(K) Pulmonary fibrosis.
“(L) Sarcoidosis.
“(M) Any other disease with respect to which final regulations have been prescribed under subsection (c)(3).
“(3) A veteran described in this paragraph is any veteran who—
“(A) on or after January 1, 1990—
“(i) served as a member of the Armed Forces in support of a military operation described in paragraph (4); and
“(ii) was present for 15 or more cumulative days in a country or territory listed under subparagraph (B) of that paragraph; or
“(B) was awarded a campaign medal in recognition of service in any of the following—
“(i) Operation Enduring Freedom;
“(ii) Operation Iraqi Freedom;
“(iii) Operation Nomad Shadow;
“(iv) Operation New Dawn;
“(v) Operation Inherent Resolve;
“(vi) Operation Freedom’s Sentinel;
“(vii) Operation Odyssey Lightning; or
“(viii) Operation Pacific Eagle.
“(4) A military operation described in this paragraph is any of the following:
“(A) A contingency operation (as defined in section 101(a)(13) of title 10).
“(B) A military operation in any of the following countries or territories:
“(i) Afghanistan.
“(ii) Bahrain.
“(iii) Burkina Faso.
“(iv) Cameroon.
“(v) Chad.
“(vi) Diego Garcia.
“(vii) Djibouti.
“(viii) Egypt.
“(ix) Ethiopia.
“(x) Gabon.
“(xi) Ghana.
“(xii) Iraq.
“(xiii) Jordan.
“(xiv) Kenya.
“(xv) Kuwait.
“(xvi) Kyrgyzstan.
“(xvii) Libya.
“(xviii) Mali.
“(xix) Niger.
“(xx) Nigeria.
“(xxi) Oman.
“(xxii) Pakistan.
“(xxiii) Philippines.
“(xxiv) Saudi Arabia.
“(xxv) Somalia.
“(xxvi) South Sudan.
“(xxvii) Sudan.
“(xxviii) Syria.
“(xxix) Tajikistan.
“(xxx) Tunisia.
“(xxxi) United Arab Emirates.
“(xxxii) Uzbekistan.
“(xxxiii) Yemen.
“(b) Process To add diseases through written petition
“(1) In the case that the Secretary receives a written petition from an interested party to add a disease to the list of diseases specified in subsection (a)(2), not later than 90 days after the date of receipt of such petition, the Secretary shall request a determination by the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine (referred to in this section as the “National Academies”) with respect to whether there is a positive association between—
“(A) the exposure of humans to one or more covered toxins, including emissions from open burn pits; and
“(B) the occurrence of the disease in humans.
“(2) For purposes of this subsection, the term interested party includes a representative of—
“(A) a congressionally chartered veterans service organization;
“(B) an organization that—
“(i) is described in section 501(c)(3) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 and exempt from taxation under section 501(a) of such Code;
“(ii) serves veterans or members of the Armed Forces; and
“(iii) has continuously operated for a period of five years or more preceding the date of the submittal of the written petition under paragraph (1);
“(C) a collective bargaining agent for civilian employees of the United States Government;
“(D) a nationally recognized medical association;
“(E) the National Academies; or
“(F) a State or political subdivision of a State.
“(c) Determinations by National Academies
“(1) If the Secretary receives a determination described in paragraph (2), not later than 180 days after receipt of such determination, the Secretary shall—
“(A) publish in the Federal Register proposed regulations to add the disease covered by the determination to the list of diseases specified in subsection (a)(2);
“(B) publish in the Federal Register, and submit to the Committee on Veterans' Affairs of the Senate and the Committee on Veterans’ Affairs of the House of Representatives—
“(i) the decision of the Secretary not to publish such proposed regulations; and
“(ii) the basis for such decision, including specific medical science refuting the determination; or
“(C) publish in the Federal Register a decision that insufficient evidence exists to take action under subparagraph (A) or (B).
“(2) A determination described in this paragraph—
“(A) is a determination by the National Academies that there is a positive association between—
“(i) the exposure humans to one or more covered toxins, including emissions from open burn pits; and
“(ii) the occurrence of the disease in humans; and
“(B) may be made pursuant to—
“(i) a request from the Secretary under subsection (b); or
“(ii) an agreement between the Secretary and the National Academies under section 3 of the Presumptive Benefits for War Fighters Exposed to Burn Pits and Other Toxins Act of 2020.
“(3)
“(A) Not later than 180 days after the date on which the Secretary publishes any proposed regulations under paragraph (1)(A) for a disease, the Secretary shall prescribe final regulations for that disease.
“(B) Such regulations shall be effective on the date of issuance.
“(d) Reference to National Academies—In the case that the Secretary enters into an agreement with another organization as described in section 3(h)(1) of the Presumptive Benefits for War Fighters Exposed to Burn Pits and Other Toxins Act of 2020, any reference in this section to the National Academies shall be treated as a reference to the other organization.
“(e) Definitions—In this section:
“(1) The term “covered toxin” means any toxic chemical, including—
“(A) hazardous waste, mixed waste, solid waste, or used oil (as those terms are defined in section 1004 of the Solid Waste Disposal Act (42 U.S.C. 6903));
“(B) radiological waste; and
“(C) any other carcinogen.
“(2) The term “veterans service organization” means an organization recognized by the Secretary for the representation of veterans under section 5902 of this title.
“(3) The term “open burn pit” means an area of land located that—
“(A) is designated by the Secretary of Defense to be used for disposing solid waste by burning in the outdoor air; and
“(B) does not contain a commercially manufactured incinerator or other equipment specifically designed and manufactured for the burning of solid waste.”
Effective date—
In general— The amendment made by subsection (a) shall take effect on the date that is 180 days after the date of the enactment of this Act.
Written petitions— With respect to a written petition described in section 1119(b)(1) of title 38, United States Code, as added by subsection (a), that was received by the Secretary of Veterans Affairs before the effective date described in paragraph (1), the Secretary shall make a request of the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine under such section, as so added, not later than 90 days after such effective date.
Clerical amendment— The table of sections at the beginning of chapter 11 of title 38, United States Code, is amended by inserting after the item relating to section 1118 the following new item:
Conforming amendment— Section 1113 of such title is amended by striking “or 1118” each place it appears and inserting “1118, or 1119”.
Sec. 3 Agreement with the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine concerning the exposure of humans to open burn pits and other toxins
Agreement—
In general— The Secretary of Veterans Affairs shall seek to enter into an agreement with the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine (referred to in this section as the “National Academies”) to perform the services covered by this section.
Timing— The Secretary shall seek to enter into the agreement described in paragraph (1) not later than 60 days after the date of the enactment of this Act.
Reviews of scientific evidence—
In general— Under an agreement between the Secretary and the National Academies, the National Academies shall review and summarize the scientific evidence, and assess the strength thereof, concerning the association between the exposure of humans to one or more covered toxins, including emissions from open burn pits, and each disease suspected to be associated with such exposure.
Reviews upon request— Under an agreement between the Secretary and the National Academies under this section, the National Academies shall conduct a review described in paragraph (1) in response to each request made by the Secretary under section 1119(b)(1) of title 38, United States Code, as added by section 2(a).
Scientific determinations concerning diseases—
In general— For each disease reviewed under subsection (b), the National Academies shall determine (to the extent that available scientific data permit meaningful determinations) whether there is a positive association between the exposure of humans to one or more covered toxins, including emissions from open burn pits, and the occurrence of the disease in humans, taking into account the strength of the scientific evidence and the appropriateness of the statistical and epidemiological methods used to detect the association.
Submissions for reviews upon request— Under an agreement between the Secretary and the National Academies under this section, not later than 270 days after the date on which the Secretary transmits a request to the National Academies with respect to a disease under section 1119(b)(1) of title 38, United States Code, as added by section 2(a), the National Academies shall submit to the Secretary the determination made with respect to that disease under paragraph (1).
Recommendations for additional scientific studies—
In general— Under an agreement between the Secretary and the National Academies under this section, the National Academies shall make any recommendations it has for additional scientific studies to resolve areas of continuing scientific uncertainty relating to the exposure of humans to one or more covered toxins, including emissions from open burn pits.
Considerations— In making recommendations for additional scientific studies, the National Academies shall consider—
the scientific information that is available at the time of the recommendation;
the value and relevance of the information that could result from additional studies; and
the feasibility of carrying out such additional studies.
Subsequent reviews— Under an agreement between the Secretary and the National Academies under this section, the National Academies shall—
conduct as comprehensive a review as is practicable of the evidence referred to in subsection (b)(1) that became available since the last review of such evidence under this section; and
make determinations and estimates on the basis of the results of such review and all other reviews conducted for the purposes of this section.
Reports—
Initial report—
In general— Under an agreement between the Secretary and the National Academies under this section, not later than 540 days after the date of the enactment of this Act, the National Academies shall submit to the Secretary and the Committee on Veterans’ Affairs of the Senate and the Committee on Veterans’ Affairs of the House of Representatives a report on the activities of the National Academies under the agreement.
Elements— The report submitted under subparagraph (A) shall include the following:
The determinations described in subsection (c)(1).
An explanation of the scientific evidence and reasoning that led to such determinations.
Any recommendations of the National Academies under subsection (d).
Periodic updates— Under an agreement between the Secretary and the National Academies under this section, not less frequently than once every two years, the National Academies shall submit to the Secretary and the Committee on Veterans’ Affairs of the Senate and the Committee on Veterans’ Affairs of the House of Representatives an updated report on the activities of the National Academies under the agreement.
Limitation on authority— The authority to enter into agreements under this section shall be effective for a fiscal year to the extent that appropriations are available.
Alternative contract scientific organization—
In general— If the Secretary is unable within the period prescribed in subsection (a)(2) to enter into an agreement with the National Academies on terms acceptable to the Secretary, the Secretary shall seek to enter into such an agreement with another appropriate scientific organization that—
is not part of the Government;
operates as a not-for-profit entity; and
has expertise and objectivity comparable to that of the National Academies.
Treatment— If the Secretary enters into an agreement with another organization as described in paragraph (1), any reference in this section, section 4, and section 1119 of title 38, United States Code, as added by section 2(a), to the National Academies shall be treated as a reference to the other organization.
Definitions— In this section, the terms “covered toxin” and “open burn pit” have the meanings given such terms in section 1119(e) of title 38, United States Code, as added by section 2(a).
Authorization of appropriations— There are authorized to be appropriated to the Department of Veterans Affairs such sums as may be necessary to carry out this section.
Sec. 4 Access of the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine to information from the Department of Defense
In general— Upon request by the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine (referred to in this section as the “National Academies”), the Secretary of Defense shall provide to the National Academies information in the possession of the Department of Defense that the National Academies determines useful in conducting a review under section 3(b).
Inclusions— The information described in subsection (a) shall include, at a minimum—
all environmental sampling data relative to any location included in the review; and
a list of all forward deployed positions at which members of the Armed Forces were deployed or stationed.
Sec. 5 Presumption relating to personal injury of certain Federal employees
In general— Section 8102 of title 5, United States Code, is amended by adding at the end the following:
“(c)
“(1) In this subsection, the term covered employee means an employee who, on or after January 1, 1990, carried out the job responsibilities of the employee for not fewer than 15 total days in a country or territory listed under subparagraph (B) of paragraph (4) of section 1119(a) of title 38, in support of a military operation described in that paragraph.
“(2) Disability or death from a disease described in paragraph (2) of such section suffered by a covered employee is deemed to have resulted from personal injury sustained while in the performance of the duty of the covered employee, whether or not the covered employee was engaged in the course of employment when the disability or disability resulting in death occurred.”
Effective date— The amendment made by subsection (a) shall take effect on the date that is 180 days after the date of enactment of this Act.