1. Short title
This Act may be cited as the “Background Ozone Research Act”.
Background Ozone Research Act
A BILL
To direct the Administrator of the Environmental Protection Agency to seek to enter an agreement with the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine to conduct a study on the science of background ozone in the United States and to provide research recommendations to better understand background ozone contributions to ground-level ozone, and for other purposes.
2. Findings
Congress finds the following:
Ground-level ozone, a type of tropospheric ozone, is created when nitrogen oxides (NOX) and volatile organic compounds (VOCs), emitted by motor vehicles, power plants, other industrial processes, or natural processes like wildfires, chemically react in the presence of ultraviolet (UV) radiation from the Sun.
Ground-level ozone present in a given area may be attributed to either local, human produced sources or sources that are not local and human produced.
United States background ozone (hereafter referred to as “background ozone”) is the ground-level ozone that would exist in the absence of any human-produced emissions inside the United States.
Ground level ozone is considered a harmful pollutant due to its effects on people and the environment and is the main component of smog.
The American Thoracic Society estimated the annual excess mortality due to ground-level ozone in the United States at 3,880 individuals as of 2017.
Ground-level ozone has been linked to plant damages and thus diminished crop yields.
A number of cities and regions in the United States remain out of compliance with Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS) for ground-level ozone.
Further research would help to understand background ozone trends and how to mitigate background ozone.
3. Study on background ozone research needs
In general— Not later than 60 days after the date of enactment of this Act, the Administrator of the Environmental Protection Agency shall seek to enter an agreement with the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine (referred to in this Act as the “National Academies”) under which the National Academies shall conduct a study on the current and future research needs regarding background ozone. The study shall—
propose a framework of standard terms and definitions for types of non-local ground level ozone, including types of background ozone, to standardize research on ground-level ozone;
examine the current understanding of background sources of ozone and the contribution of such sources to ground-level ozone in the United States to identify gaps in knowledge that need to be addressed with additional research;
examine challenges in quantifying the sources of background ozone and the contributions of each such source to ground-level ozone on a regional scale in the United States and identifies specific research needs to address these challenges;
include an outline of a plan for a research and development program, including specifications for costs, timeframes, and responsible agencies, to support analysis and demonstration of background ozone trends, including by—
improving collection and observational infrastructure;
improving confidence in model outputs;
reducing uncertainties in estimates of background ozone; and
making background ozone research outputs more useful and accessible to decision-makers; and
identify opportunities for international engagement that may facilitate increased research collaborations that improve understanding of ozone trends.
Report— As a condition of any agreement under subsection (a), the Administrator shall require that the National Academies transmit to Congress a report on the results of the study under subsection (a) not later than 24 months after the date of enactment of this Act.