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Bill
Notes

H.R. 4617 — what changed

Stopping Harmful Interference in Elections for a Lasting Democracy Act

From Introduced in House to Reported in House. 5 sections amended and 4 removed between Introduced in House and Reported in House.

114. Expansion of definition of electioneering communication

(a)
Expansion to online communications—
(1)
changed Application to qualified internet Internet and digital communications—
(A)
In general— Subparagraph (A) of section 304(f)(3) of the Federal Election Campaign Act of 1971 (52 U.S.C. 30104(f)(3)(A)) is amended by striking “or satellite communication” each place it appears in clauses (i) and (ii) and inserting “satellite, or qualified internet or digital communication”.
(B)
changed Qualified internet Internet or digital communication— Paragraph (3) of section 304(f) of such Act (52 U.S.C. 30104(f)) is amended by adding at the end the following new subparagraph:

changed “(D) Qualified internet Internet or digital communication—The term qualified internet or digital communication means any communication which is placed or promoted for a fee on an online platform (as defined in subsection (k)(3)).”

(2)
Nonapplication of relevant electorate to online communications— Section 304(f)(3)(A)(i)(III) of such Act (52 U.S.C. 30104(f)(3)(A)(i)(III)) is amended by inserting “any broadcast, cable, or satellite” before “communication”.
(3)
News exemption— Section 304(f)(3)(B)(i) of such Act (52 U.S.C. 30104(f)(3)(B)(i)) is amended to read as follows:

“(i) a communication appearing in a news story, commentary, or editorial distributed through the facilities of any broadcasting station or any online or digital newspaper, magazine, blog, publication, or periodical, unless such broadcasting, online, or digital facilities are owned or controlled by any political party, political committee, or candidate;”

(b)
Effective date— The amendments made by this section shall apply with respect to communications made on or after January 1, 2020.

115. Application of disclaimer statements to online communications

(a)
Clear and conspicuous manner requirement— Subsection (a) of section 318 of the Federal Election Campaign Act of 1971 (52 U.S.C. 30120(a)) is amended—
(1)
by striking “shall clearly state” each place it appears in paragraphs (1), (2), and (3) and inserting “shall state in a clear and conspicuous manner”; and
(2)
by adding at the end the following flush sentence: “For purposes of this section, a communication does not make a statement in a clear and conspicuous manner if it is difficult to read or hear or if the placement is easily overlooked.”.
(b)
changed Special rules for qualified internet Internet or digital communications—
(1)
In general— Section 318 of such Act (52 U.S.C. 30120) is amended by adding at the end the following new subsection:

changed “(e) Special rules for qualified internet Internet or digital communications

“(1) Special rules with respect to statements—In the case of any communication to which this section applies which is a qualified internet or digital communication (as defined in section 304(f)(3)(D)) which is disseminated through a medium in which the provision of all of the information specified in this section is not possible, the communication shall, in a clear and conspicuous manner—

“(A) state the name of the person who paid for the communication; and

“(B) provide a means for the recipient of the communication to obtain the remainder of the information required under this section with minimal effort and without receiving or viewing any additional material other than such required information.

“(2) Safe harbor for determining clear and conspicuous manner—A statement in a qualified internet or digital communication (as defined in section 304(f)(3)(D)) shall be considered to be made in a clear and conspicuous manner as provided in subsection (a) if the communication meets the following requirements:

“(A) Text or graphic communications—In the case of a text or graphic communication, the statement—

“(i) appears in letters at least as large as the majority of the text in the communication; and

“(ii) meets the requirements of paragraphs (2) and (3) of subsection (c).

“(B) Audio communications—In the case of an audio communication, the statement is spoken in a clearly audible and intelligible manner at the beginning or end of the communication and lasts at least 3 seconds.

“(C) Video communications—In the case of a video communication which also includes audio, the statement—

“(i) is included at either the beginning or the end of the communication; and

“(ii) is made both in—

“(I) a written format that meets the requirements of subparagraph (A) and appears for at least 4 seconds; and

“(II) an audible format that meets the requirements of subparagraph (B).

“(D) Other communications—In the case of any other type of communication, the statement is at least as clear and conspicuous as the statement specified in subparagraph (A), (B), or (C).”

(2)
Nonapplication of certain exceptions— The exceptions provided in section 110.11(f)(1)(i) and (ii) of title 11, Code of Federal Regulations, or any successor to such rules, shall have no application to qualified internet or digital communications (as defined in section 304(f)(3)(D) of the Federal Election Campaign Act of 1971, as added by this Act).
(c)
Modification of additional requirements for certain communications— Section 318(d) of such Act (52 U.S.C. 30120(d)) is amended—
(1)
in paragraph (1)(A)—
(A)
by striking “which is transmitted through radio” and inserting “which is in an audio format”; and
(B)
by striking “By radio” in the heading and inserting “Audio format”;
(2)
in paragraph (1)(B)—
(A)
by striking “which is transmitted through television” and inserting “which is in video format”; and
(B)
by striking “By television” in the heading and inserting “Video format”; and
(3)
in paragraph (2)—
(A)
by striking “transmitted through radio or television” and inserting “made in audio or video format”; and
(B)
by striking “through television” in the second sentence and inserting “in video format”.

201. Clarification of prohibition on participation by foreign nationals in election-related activities

(a)
Clarification of prohibition— Section 319(a) of the Federal Election Campaign Act of 1971 (52 U.S.C. 30121(a)) is amended—
(1)
by striking “or” at the end of paragraph (1);
(2)
by striking the period at the end of paragraph (2) and inserting “; or”; and
(3)
by adding at the end the following new paragraph:

changed “(3) a foreign national to direct, dictate, control, or directly or indirectly participate in the decision-making decision making process of any person (including a corporation, labor organization, political committee, or political organization) with regard to such person’s Federal or non-Federal election-related activity, including any decision concerning the making of contributions, donations, expenditures, or disbursements in connection with an election for any Federal, State, or local office or any decision concerning the administration of a political committee.”

(b)
Certification of Compliance— Section 319 of such Act (52 U.S.C. 30121), as amended by section 117, is further amended by adding at the end the following new subsection:

changed “(d) Certification of compliance required prior to carrying out activity—Prior to the making in connection with an election for Federal office of any contribution, donation, expenditure, independent expenditure, or disbursement for an electioneering communication by a corporation, labor organization (as defined in section 316(b)), limited liability corporation, or partnership during a year, the chief executive officer of the corporation, labor organization, limited liability corporation, or partnership (or, if the corporation, labor organization, limited liability corporation, or partnership does not have a chief executive officer, the highest ranking official of the corporation, labor organization, limited liability corporation, or partnership), shall file a certification with the Commission, under penalty of perjury, that a foreign national did not direct, dictate, control, or directly or indirectly participate in the decision-making decision making process relating to such activity in violation of subsection (a)(3), unless the chief executive officer has previously filed such a certification during that calendar year.”

(c)
Effective date— The amendments made by this section shall take effect upon the expiration of the 180-day period which begins on the date of the enactment of this Act.

202. Clarification of application of foreign money ban to certain disbursements and activities

(a)
Application to disbursements to Super PACs— Section 319(a)(1)(A) of the Federal Election Campaign Act of 1971 (52 U.S.C. 30121(a)(1)(A)) is amended by striking the semicolon and inserting the following: “, including any disbursement to a political committee which accepts donations or contributions that do not comply with the limitations, prohibitions, and reporting requirements of this Act (or any disbursement to or on behalf of any account of a political committee which is established for the purpose of accepting such donations or contributions);”.
(b)
Conditions under which corporate PACs may make contributions and expenditures— Section 316(b) of such Act (52 U.S.C. 30118(b)) is amended by adding at the end the following new paragraph:

“(8) A separate segregated fund established by a corporation may not make a contribution or expenditure during a year unless the fund has certified to the Commission the following during the year:

changed “(A) Each individual who manages the fund, and who is responsible for exercising decision-making decisionmaking authority for the fund, is a citizen of the United States or is lawfully admitted for permanent residence in the United States.

changed “(B) No foreign national under section 319 participates in any way in the decision-making decisionmaking processes of the fund with regard to contributions or expenditures under this Act.

“(C) The fund does not solicit or accept recommendations from any foreign national under section 319 with respect to the contributions or expenditures made by the fund.

“(D) Any member of the board of directors of the corporation who is a foreign national under section 319 abstains from voting on matters concerning the fund or its activities.”

205. Expansion of limitations on foreign nationals participating in political advertising

(a)
Disbursements described— Section 319(a)(1) of the Federal Election Campaign Act of 1971 (52 U.S.C. 30121(a)(1)) is amended—
(1)
by striking “or” at the end of subparagraph (B); and
(2)
by striking subparagraph (C) and inserting the following:

“(C) an expenditure;

“(D) an independent expenditure;

“(E) a disbursement for an electioneering communication (within the meaning of section 304(f)(3));

changed “(F) a disbursement for a communication which is placed or promoted for a fee on a website, web application, or digital application that refers to a clearly identified candidate for election for Federal office and is disseminated within 60 days before a general, special, special or runoff election for the office sought by the candidate or 30 days before a primary or preference election, or a convention or caucus of a political party that has authority to nominate a candidate for the office sought by the candidate;

changed “(G) a disbursement for a broadcast, cable or satellite communication, or for a communication which is placed or promoted for a fee on a website, web application, or digital application, that promotes, supports, attacks, attacks or opposes the election of a clearly identified candidate for Federal, State, or local office (regardless of whether the communication contains express advocacy or the functional equivalent of express advocacy);

“(H) a disbursement for a broadcast, cable, or satellite communication, or for any communication which is placed or promoted for a fee on an online platform (as defined in section 304(k)(3)), that discusses a national legislative issue of public importance in a year in which a regularly scheduled general election for Federal office is held, but only if the disbursement is made by a covered foreign national described in section 304(j)(3)(C); or

changed “(I) a disbursement by a covered foreign national described in section 304(j)(3)(C) to compensate any person for internet activity that promotes, supports, attacks, attacks or opposes the election of a clearly identified candidate for Federal, State, or local office (regardless of whether the activity communication contains express advocacy or the functional equivalent of express advocacy);”

(b)
Effective date— The amendments made by this section shall apply with respect to disbursements made on or after the date of the enactment of this Act.

311. Short title

removed

removed This subtitle may be cited as the “Deceptive Practices and Voter Intimidation Prevention Act of 2019”.

312. Prohibition on deceptive practices in Federal elections

removed
(a)
removed Prohibition— Subsection (b) of section 2004 of the Revised Statutes (52 U.S.C. 10101(b)) is amended—
(1)
removed by striking “No person” and inserting the following:

removed “(1) In general—No person”

(2)
removed by inserting at the end the following new paragraphs:

removed “(2) False statements regarding Federal elections

removed “(A) Prohibition—No person, whether acting under color of law or otherwise, shall, within 60 days before an election described in paragraph (5), by any means, including by means of written, electronic, or telephonic communications, communicate or cause to be communicated information described in subparagraph (B), or produce information described in subparagraph (B) with the intent that such information be communicated, if such person—

removed “(i) knows such information to be materially false; and

removed “(ii) has the intent to impede or prevent another person from exercising the right to vote in an election described in paragraph (5).

removed “(B) Information described—Information is described in this subparagraph if such information is regarding—

removed “(i) the time, place, or manner of holding any election described in paragraph (5); or

removed “(ii) the qualifications for or restrictions on voter eligibility for any such election, including—

removed “(I) any criminal penalties associated with voting in any such election; or

removed “(II) information regarding a voter's registration status or eligibility.

removed “(3) False statements regarding public endorsements

removed “(A) Prohibition—No person, whether acting under color of law or otherwise, shall, within 60 days before an election described in paragraph (5), by any means, including by means of written, electronic, or telephonic communications, communicate, or cause to be communicated, a materially false statement about an endorsement, if such person—

removed “(i) knows such statement to be false; and

removed “(ii) has the intent to impede or prevent another person from exercising the right to vote in an election described in paragraph (5).

removed “(B) Definition of materially false—For purposes of subparagraph (A), a statement about an endorsement is materially false if, with respect to an upcoming election described in paragraph (5)—

removed “(i) the statement states that a specifically named person, political party, or organization has endorsed the election of a specific candidate for a Federal office described in such paragraph; and

removed “(ii) such person, political party, or organization has not endorsed the election of such candidate.

removed “(4) Hindering, interfering with, or preventing voting or registering to vote—No person, whether acting under color of law or otherwise, shall intentionally hinder, interfere with, or prevent another person from voting, registering to vote, or aiding another person to vote or register to vote in an election described in paragraph (5).

removed “(5) Election described—An election described in this paragraph is any general, primary, run-off, or special election held solely or in part for the purpose of nominating or electing a candidate for the office of President, Vice President, presidential elector, Member of the Senate, Member of the House of Representatives, or Delegate or Commissioner from a Territory or possession.”

(b)
removed Private right of action—
(1)
removed In general— Subsection (c) of section 2004 of the Revised Statutes (52 U.S.C. 10101(c)) is amended—
(A)
removed by striking “Whenever any person” and inserting the following:

removed “(1) Whenever any person”

(B)
removed by adding at the end the following new paragraph:

removed “(2) Any person aggrieved by a violation of subsection (b)(2), (b)(3), or (b)(4) may institute a civil action for preventive relief, including an application in a United States district court for a permanent or temporary injunction, restraining order, or other order. In any such action, the court, in its discretion, may allow the prevailing party a reasonable attorney’s fee as part of the costs.”

(2)
removed Conforming amendments—
(A)
removed Subsection (e) of section 2004 of the Revised Statutes (52 U.S.C. 10101(e)) is amended by striking “subsection (c)” and inserting “subsection (c)(1)”.
(B)
removed Subsection (g) of section 2004 of the Revised Statutes (52 U.S.C. 10101(g)) is amended by striking “subsection (c)” and inserting “subsection (c)(1)”.
(c)
removed Criminal penalties—
(1)
removed Deceptive acts— Section 594 of title 18, United States Code, is amended—
(A)
removed by striking “Whoever” and inserting the following:

removed “(a) Intimidation—Whoever”

(B)
removed in subsection (a), as inserted by subparagraph (A), by striking “at any election” and inserting “at any general, primary, run-off, or special election”; and
(C)
removed by adding at the end the following new subsections:

removed “(b) Deceptive acts

removed “(1) False statements regarding Federal elections

removed “(A) Prohibition—It shall be unlawful for any person, whether acting under color of law or otherwise, within 60 days before an election described in subsection (e), by any means, including by means of written, electronic, or telephonic communications, to communicate or cause to be communicated information described in subparagraph (B), or produce information described in subparagraph (B) with the intent that such information be communicated, if such person—

removed “(i) knows such information to be materially false; and

removed “(ii) has the intent to mislead voters, or the intent to impede or prevent another person from exercising the right to vote in an election described in subsection (e).

removed “(B) Information described—Information is described in this subparagraph if such information is regarding—

removed “(i) the time or place of holding any election described in subsection (e); or

removed “(ii) the qualifications for or restrictions on voter eligibility for any such election, including—

removed “(I) any criminal penalties associated with voting in any such election; or

removed “(II) information regarding a voter's registration status or eligibility.

removed “(2) Penalty—Any person who violates paragraph (1) shall be fined not more than $100,000, imprisoned for not more than 5 years, or both.

removed “(c) Hindering, interfering with, or preventing voting or registering To vote

removed “(1) Prohibition—It shall be unlawful for any person, whether acting under color of law or otherwise, to intentionally hinder, interfere with, or prevent another person from voting, registering to vote, or aiding another person to vote or register to vote in an election described in subsection (e).

removed “(2) Penalty—Any person who violates paragraph (1) shall be fined not more than $100,000, imprisoned for not more than 5 years, or both.

removed “(d) Attempt—Any person who attempts to commit any offense described in subsection (a), (b)(1), or (c)(1) shall be subject to the same penalties as those prescribed for the offense that the person attempted to commit.

removed “(e) Election described—An election described in this subsection is any general, primary, run-off, or special election held solely or in part for the purpose of nominating or electing a candidate for the office of President, Vice President, presidential elector, Member of the Senate, Member of the House of Representatives, or Delegate or Commissioner from a Territory or possession.”

(2)
removed Modification of penalty for voter intimidation— Section 594(a) of title 18, United States Code, as amended by paragraph (1), is amended by striking “fined under this title or imprisoned not more than one year” and inserting “fined not more than $100,000, imprisoned for not more than 5 years”.
(3)
removed Sentencing guidelines—
(A)
removed Review and amendment— Not later than 180 days after the date of enactment of this Act, the United States Sentencing Commission, pursuant to its authority under section 994 of title 28, United States Code, and in accordance with this section, shall review and, if appropriate, amend the Federal sentencing guidelines and policy statements applicable to persons convicted of any offense under section 594 of title 18, United States Code, as amended by this section.
(B)
removed Authorization— The United States Sentencing Commission may amend the Federal Sentencing Guidelines in accordance with the procedures set forth in section 21(a) of the Sentencing Act of 1987 (28 U.S.C. 994 note) as though the authority under that section had not expired.
(4)
removed Payments for refraining from voting— Subsection (c) of section 11 of the Voting Rights Act of 1965 (52 U.S.C. 10307) is amended by striking “either for registration to vote or for voting” and inserting “for registration to vote, for voting, or for not voting”.

313. Corrective action

removed
(a)
removed Corrective action—
(1)
removed In general— If the Attorney General receives a credible report that materially false information has been or is being communicated in violation of paragraphs (2) and (3) of section 2004(b) of the Revised Statutes (52 U.S.C. 10101(b)), as added by section 312(a), and if the Attorney General determines that State and local election officials have not taken adequate steps to promptly communicate accurate information to correct the materially false information, the Attorney General shall, pursuant to the written procedures and standards under subsection (b), communicate to the public, by any means, including by means of written, electronic, or telephonic communications, accurate information designed to correct the materially false information.
(2)
removed Communication of corrective information— Any information communicated by the Attorney General under paragraph (1)—
(A)
removed shall—
(i)
removed be accurate and objective;
(ii)
removed consist of only the information necessary to correct the materially false information that has been or is being communicated; and
(iii)
removed to the extent practicable, be by a means that the Attorney General determines will reach the persons to whom the materially false information has been or is being communicated; and
(B)
removed shall not be designed to favor or disfavor any particular candidate, organization, or political party.
(b)
removed Written procedures and standards for taking corrective action—
(1)
removed In general— Not later than 180 days after the date of enactment of this Act, the Attorney General shall publish written procedures and standards for determining when and how corrective action will be taken under this section.
(2)
removed Inclusion of appropriate deadlines— The procedures and standards under paragraph (1) shall include appropriate deadlines, based in part on the number of days remaining before the upcoming election.
(3)
removed Consultation— In developing the procedures and standards under paragraph (1), the Attorney General shall consult with the Election Assistance Commission, State and local election officials, civil rights organizations, voting rights groups, voter protection groups, and other interested community organizations.
(c)
removed Authorization of appropriations— There are authorized to be appropriated to the Attorney General such sums as may be necessary to carry out this subtitle.

314. Reports to Congress

removed
(a)
removed In general— Not later than 180 days after each general election for Federal office, the Attorney General shall submit to Congress a report compiling all allegations received by the Attorney General of deceptive practices described in paragraphs (2), (3), and (4) of section 2004(b) of the Revised Statutes (52 U.S.C. 10101(b)), as added by section 312(a), relating to the general election for Federal office and any primary, run-off, or a special election for Federal office held in the 2 years preceding the general election.
(b)
removed Contents—
(1)
removed In general— Each report submitted under subsection (a) shall include—
(A)
removed a description of each allegation of a deceptive practice described in subsection (a), including the geographic location, racial and ethnic composition, and language minority-group membership of the persons toward whom the alleged deceptive practice was directed;
(B)
removed the status of the investigation of each allegation described in subparagraph (A);
(C)
removed a description of each corrective action taken by the Attorney General under section 4(a) in response to an allegation described in subparagraph (A);
(D)
removed a description of each referral of an allegation described in subparagraph (A) to other Federal, State, or local agencies;
(E)
removed to the extent information is available, a description of any civil action instituted under section 2004(c)(2) of the Revised Statutes (52 U.S.C. 10101(c)(2)), as added by section 312(b), in connection with an allegation described in subparagraph (A); and
(F)
removed a description of any criminal prosecution instituted under section 594 of title 18, United States Code, as amended by section 3(c), in connection with the receipt of an allegation described in subparagraph (A) by the Attorney General.
(2)
removed Exclusion of certain information—
(A)
removed In general— The Attorney General shall not include in a report submitted under subsection (a) any information protected from disclosure by rule 6(e) of the Federal Rules of Criminal Procedure or any Federal criminal statute.
(B)
removed Exclusion of certain other information— The Attorney General may determine that the following information shall not be included in a report submitted under subsection (a):
(i)
removed Any information that is privileged.
(ii)
removed Any information concerning an ongoing investigation.
(iii)
removed Any information concerning a criminal or civil proceeding conducted under seal.
(iv)
removed Any other nonpublic information that the Attorney General determines the disclosure of which could reasonably be expected to infringe on the rights of any individual or adversely affect the integrity of a pending or future criminal investigation.
(c)
removed Report made public— On the date that the Attorney General submits the report under subsection (a), the Attorney General shall also make the report publicly available through the internet and other appropriate means.