H.R. 2140 — what changed

Preventing Child Marriage in Displaced Populations Act

From Introduced in House to Engrossed in House. 2 sections amended and 1 added between Introduced in House and Engrossed in House.

Section 1 Short title

changed This Act may be cited as the “Preventing Child Marriage in Displaced Populations Act”.

Sec. 2 Findings

added Congress finds the following:

(a)

removed In general— The President shall direct the United States Permanent Representative to the United Nations to use the voice, vote, and influence of the United States at the United Nations to call for an adoption by the United Nations of a definition of “child marriage” and the development of a comprehensive strategy to address child marriage in refugee settlements administered by the United Nations. Such strategy should include the following:

(1)

removed A mandate to regularly collect and report data related to the number of known or suspected child marriages taking place inside each such settlement.

(2)

removed Protocols for United Nations personnel regarding prevention and monitoring of child marriages inside each such settlement.

(3)

removed A description of programs administered at such settlements that provide—

(A)

removed physical, mental, and emotional rehabilitation and support to children who have extricated themselves from child marriage; and

(B)

removed alternatives to child marriage, such as education initiatives.

(4)

removed Protocols regarding how United Nations personnel should—

(A)

removed report adults participating in illegal child marriages in each such settlement; and

(B)

removed monitor the prosecution of such adults by the authorities of the country in which the settlement at issue is located.

(1)

changed Research— The President shall direct the United States Permanent Representative to the United Nations to use the voice, vote, and influence of the United States at the United Nations According to advocate for UNICEF, 12 million girls marry before the United Nations and its appropriate agencies to include in all age of its research into child marriage the relationship between child marriage and violence against girls, including young children and infants.18 every year.

(2)

changed Definitions— In this section:Early marriage denies children, especially girls, their right to make vital decisions about their well-being, including relating to their health, family, and career. Child brides are less likely to finish their education, and are at higher risk for abuse, contracting HIV, and dying while pregnant or giving birth.

(3)

added Child marriage also imposes substantial economic costs to developing countries, impeding development and prosperity gains.

(4)

added Displaced populations are particularly vulnerable to child marriage, in communities where poverty, instability, and displacement put pressure on families to marry children, particularly young girls, off at a young age.

(5)

added One United Nations (UN) study found that child marriage rates were 4 times higher among displaced Syrian refugees than among Syrians before the crisis. This indicates that displacement, instability, and poverty are driving child marriages.

(6)

added United Nations agencies, including UNICEF and UNHCR, have acknowledged the dangers of child marriage and taken steps to address its risk in the populations they serve.

(7)

added The UN Joint Program on Child Marriage supports this work by building the resilience of populations to indirectly prevent child marriage and by generating new data and evidence on the prevalence of child marriage in humanitarian and fragile settings. For example, in Uganda, the UN Joint Program on Child Marriage helped 27,000 adolescent girls strengthen critical skills through school clubs and Go Back to School campaigns, as well as life-skills and financial literacy training.

(8)

added After the UN Joint Program on Child Marriage identified Yemen as one of its focus countries, 65,000 people, of whom 45,000 are adolescents, were reached with awareness raising activities on the harms of child marriage in 2018 alone. As a result, local council representatives, elders, and community leaders from six districts signed a pledge to support advocacy efforts to end child marriage.

(1)

removed Child marriage— The term “child marriage” means a formal marriage or informal union involving at least one person younger than age 18.

(2)

removed Illegal child marriage— The term “illegal child marriage” means a formal marriage or informal union involving at least one person younger than age 18 that is illegal under the laws of the country in which the child marriage occurs.

Sec. 3 Preventing child marriage in displaced populations

added

(a)

added In general— The President shall direct the United States Permanent Representative to the United Nations to use the voice, vote, and influence of the United States at the United Nations to call for an adoption of an agreed-upon definition of “child marriage” across United Nations agencies.

(b)

added Strategy— The President shall direct the United States Permanent Representative to the United Nations to use the voice, vote, and influence of the United States at the United Nations to call for the development of a comprehensive strategy to address child marriage in refugee settlements administered by the United Nations. Such strategy should include the following:

(1)

added A mandate to regularly collect and report data related to the number of known or suspected child marriages taking place inside each such settlement.

(2)

added Protocols for United Nations personnel regarding prevention and monitoring of child marriages inside each such settlement.

(3)

added A description of United Nations programs administered at such settlements that include—

(A)

added physical, mental, and emotional rehabilitation and support to children who have extricated themselves from child marriage; and

(B)

added alternatives to child marriage, such as education initiatives.

(4)

added Protocols regarding how United Nations personnel should—

(A)

added report adults participating in illegal child marriages in each such settlement; and

(B)

added monitor the prosecution of such adults by the authorities of the country in which the settlement at issue is located.

(c)

added Research— The President shall direct the United States Permanent Representative to the United Nations to use the voice, vote, and influence of the United States at the United Nations to advocate for the United Nations and its appropriate agencies to include, as appropriate, in all of its research into child marriage the relationship between child marriage and violence against girls, including young children and infants.

(d)

added Definitions— In this section:

(1)

added Child marriage— The term “child marriage” means a formal marriage or informal union involving at least one person younger than age 18.

(2)

added Illegal child marriage— The term “illegal child marriage” means a child marriage that is illegal under the laws of the country in which the child marriage occurs.