Section 1 Short title
This Act may be cited as the “Protecting Lands Against Narcotics Trafficking Act of 2018” or the “PLANT Act of 2018”.
Protecting Lands Against Narcotics Trafficking Act of 2018
A BILL
To impose enhanced penalties for conduct relating to unlawful production of a controlled substance on Federal property or while intentionally trespassing on the property of another that causes environmental damage, and for other purposes.
Sec. 2 Controlled Substances Act penalty amendments
Cultivating or manufacturing controlled substances on Federal property—
In general— Section 401(b)(5) of the Controlled Substances Act (21 U.S.C. 841(b)(5)) is amended, in the matter preceding subparagraph (A), by striking “as provided in this subsection” and inserting “, except as provided in paragraph (8), for not more than 10 years, in addition to any other term of imprisonment imposed under this subsection”.
Penalty enhancement for cultivating marihuana on Federal property— Section 401(b) of the Controlled Substances Act (21 U.S.C. 841(b)) is amended by adding at the end the following:
“(8) Cultivating marihuana on Federal property—Any person who violates subsection (a) by cultivating marihuana on Federal property shall, in addition to any other term of imprisonment imposed under this subsection, be imprisoned—
“(A) in the case of 1 or more marihuana plants, not less than 2 years and not more than 5 years;
“(B) in the case of 50 or more marihuana plants, not less than 5 years and not more than 10 years;
“(C) in the case of 100 or more marihuana plants, not less than 10 years and not more than 40 years; or
“(D) in the case of 1000 or more marihuana plants, not less than 20 years and not more than life imprisonment.”
Environmental harms and other hazards— Pursuant to its authority under section 994 of title 28, United States Code, the United States Sentencing Commission shall amend and review the Federal Sentencing Guidelines and policy statements to ensure that the guidelines provide for a penalty enhancement of not less than 1 offense level for a violation of section 401(a) of the Controlled Substances Act (21 U.S.C. 841(a)) while on Federal property or while intentionally trespassing on the property of another if the offense—
poses or creates a hazard to humans, wildlife, the environment, or domestic animals;
degrades or harms the environment or natural resources;
pollutes or contaminates an aquifer, spring, stream, river, body of water, soil, or native vegetation; or
constitutes a violation of the Federal Water Pollution Control Act (33 U.S.C. 1251 et seq.) or the Solid Waste Disposal Act (42 U.S.C. 6901 et seq.).
Stream diversion or clear cutting on Federal property or while intentionally trespassing on the property of another—
Prohibition on stream diversion or clear cutting on Federal property or while intentionally trespassing on the property of another— Section 401(b) of the Controlled Substances Act (21 U.S.C. 841(b)), as amended by subsection (a), is amended by adding at the end the following:
“(9) Destruction of bodies of water or timber
“(A) In general—Any person who violates subsection (a) in a manner that diverts, redirects, obstructs, or drains an aquifer, spring, stream, river, or body of water or clear cuts or removes timber or vegetation while cultivating or manufacturing a controlled substance on Federal property or while cultivating or manufacturing a controlled substance while intentionally trespassing on the property of another shall be fined an amount not to exceed—
“(i) the amount authorized in accordance with this section;
“(ii) the amount authorized in accordance with the provisions of title 18, United States Code;
“(iii) $500,000 if the defendant is an individual; or
“(iv) $1,000,000 if the defendant is other than an individual.
“(B) Use of amounts from fines
“(i) In general—The Secretary of the Treasury shall transfer to the Secretary of the Interior and the Secretary of Agriculture, for use in accordance with clause (ii), the amounts received as fines for a violation described in subparagraph (A).
“(ii) Funds—The Secretary of the Interior and the Secretary of Agriculture shall use the amounts transferred under clause (i) to address the environmental damage caused by any offense described in subparagraph (A), including by providing such funds to nonprofit organizations that address such damage.”
Federal sentencing guidelines enhancement— Pursuant to its authority under section 994 of title 28, United States Code, the United States Sentencing Commission shall review and amend the Federal Sentencing Guidelines and policy statements to ensure that the guidelines provide for a penalty enhancement of not less than 1 offense level for a violation of section 401(a) of the Controlled Substances Act (21 U.S.C. 841(a)) if the offense involves the diversion, redirection, obstruction, or draining of an aquifer, spring, stream, river, or body of water or the clear cut or removal of timber or vegetation while cultivating or manufacturing a controlled substance on Federal property or while cultivating or manufacturing a controlled substance while intentionally trespassing on the property of another.
Technical and conforming amendment— Section 1402(b)(1)(A) of the Victims of Crime Act of 1984 (42 U.S.C. 10601(b)(1)(A)) is amended—
in clause (i), by striking “and” at the end; and
by inserting after clause (ii) the following:
“(iii) section 401(b)(8) of the Controlled Substances Act (21 U.S.C. 841(b)(8)); and”
Booby traps on Federal property— Section 401(d)(1) of the Controlled Substances Act (21 U.S.C. 841(d)(1)) is amended by inserting “cultivated,” after “is being”.
Use or Possession of Firearms in Connection With Drug Offenses on Federal property or while intentionally trespassing on the property of another— Pursuant to its authority under section 994 of title 28, United States Code, the United States Sentencing Commission shall review and amend the Federal Sentencing Guidelines and policy statements to ensure that the guidelines provide for a penalty enhancement of not less than 1 offense level for a violation of section 401(a) of the Controlled Substances Act (21 U.S.C. 841(a)) if the offense involves the possession of a firearm while cultivating or manufacturing a controlled substance on Federal property or while cultivating or manufacturing a controlled substance while intentionally trespassing on the property of another.
Sec. 3 California Public Lands Eradication, Remediation, and Enforcement Partnership
Definitions— In this section:
Eradication— The term eradication means the removal and destruction of illegally cultivated substances on Federal land.
Enforcement— The term enforcement means an action undertaken by law enforcement to prevent the cultivation of illegal substances on Federal land.
Partnership— The term partnership means the California Public Lands Eradication and Remediation Partnership, established by subsection (b).
Priority lands— The term priority lands means Federal land that is determined by the partnership to be a high priority for either eradication, remediation, enforcement, or a combination thereof.
Remediation— The term remediation—
means to facilitate the recovery of lands and waters that have been degraded, damaged, or destroyed by illegal marijuana cultivation or another illegal activity; and
includes—
removal of trash, debris, and other deleterious material and the materials and surfaces contaminated by such trash, debris, and deleterious material; and
establishing the composition, structure, pattern, and ecological processes necessary to facilitate terrestrial and aquatic ecosystem sustainability, resilience, and health under current and future conditions.
Establishment— There is hereby established a California Public Lands Eradication and Remediation Partnership.
Purposes— The purposes of the partnership are to—
coordinate the activities of Federal, State, Tribal, and local authorities, and the private sector, in the eradication and remediation of priority lands in the State affected by illegal marijuana cultivation or associated illegal activities; and
use the resources and expertise of each agency, authority, or entity in implementing eradication and remediation activities on priority lands in the States, including sharing best practices on eradication and remediation of illegal substances on Federal lands.
Membership— The members of the partnership shall include the following:
The Secretary of Agriculture, or a designee of the Secretary of Agriculture to represent the Forest Service.
The Secretary of the Interior, or a designee of the Secretary of the Interior, to represent the United States Fish and Wildlife Service, Bureau of Land Management, the Bureau of Indian Affairs, and National Park Service.
The Director of the Office of National Drug Control Policy, or a designee of the Director.
The Secretary of the State Natural Resources Agency, or a designee of the Secretary, to represent the California Department of Fish and Wildlife.
The Secretary of Homeland Security, or a designee of the Secretary of Homeland Security.
The Administrator of the Drug Enforcement Administration, or a designee of the Administrator of the Drug Enforcement Administration.
A designee of the California State Water Resources Control Board.
A designee of the California State Sheriffs’ Association.
A designee of the National Guard.
One member to represent Native American Tribes, to be appointed by the Secretary of Agriculture.
One member to represent nongovernmental organizations with an interest in Federal land eradication and remediation, to be appointed by the Secretary of Agriculture.
One member to represent local governmental interests, to be appointed by the Secretary of Agriculture.
Duties— To further the purposes of this section, the partnership shall—
identify priorities for eradication and remediation on Federal lands in the State;
secure resources from Federal and non-Federal sources to apply to eradication and remediation of Federal lands in the State;
carry out eradication and remediation on Federal lands in the State;
support efforts by Federal, State, Tribal, and local agencies, and nongovernmental organizations in carrying out eradication and remediation of priority lands in the State;
support research and education on the impacts of, and solutions to, illegal marijuana cultivation and other illegal activities on priority lands in the State;
document all actions taken by or known to the partnership to eradicate or remediate illegal substances on public lands, including the tracking of facilities used to test levels of tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) or cannabidiol (CBD) in cannabis or cannabis products;
not later than 5 years after funds are first made available for this Act, submit a report to Congress on the actions and results of the partnership, including recommendations and changes for future action to prevent the spread of trespass grows on Federal lands;
involve other Federal, State, Tribal, and local agencies, nongovernmental organizations, and the public in eradication and remediation efforts, to the extent practicable;
coordinate activities among the State, political subdivisions of the State, and Federal agencies, contracting to use commercially available aerial imagery, remote sensing, and geospatial data acquisition services using manned aircraft operations, unmanned aircraft systems, satellites, and other technologies to observe, monitor, and identify illegal marijuana cultivation and other illegal activities in support of eradication and remediation efforts authorized by this Act, in a manner consistent with California v. Ciraolo (476 U.S. 207) and Dow Chemical Co. v. United States (476 U.S. 227); and
take any other actions necessary to address eradication and remediation of Federal lands in the State.
Authorities— To implement this section, the partnership may, subject to the prior approval of the Secretary of Agriculture—
make grants to the State, political subdivisions of the State, nonprofit organizations, and other persons;
enter into cooperative agreements with, or provide grants or technical assistance to, the State, political subdivisions of the State, nonprofit organizations, Federal agencies, and other interested parties;
hire and compensate staff to perform inherently governmental functions;
obtain funds or services from any source, including Federal and non-Federal funds, and funds and services provided under any other Federal law or program;
contract for commercially available goods or services; and
support activities of partners and any other activities that further the purposes of this section.
Procedures— The partnership shall establish such rules and procedures as it deems necessary or desirable.
Service without compensation— Members of the partnership shall serve without pay.
Duties and authorities of the secretary of agriculture—
In general— The Secretary of Agriculture shall convene the partnership on a regular basis to carry out this section.
Technical and financial assistance— The Secretary of Agriculture and Secretary of the Interior may provide technical and financial assistance, on a reimbursable or nonreimbursable basis, as determined by the appropriate Secretary, to the partnership or any members of the partnership to carry out this section.
Cooperative agreements— The Secretary of Agriculture and Secretary of the Interior may enter into cooperative agreements with the partnership, any members of the partnership, or other public or private entities to provide technical, financial, or other assistance to carry out this section.
California public lands marijuana eradication, remediation, and enforcement fund—
In general— There is established in the Treasury of the United States a fund, to be known as the “California Public Lands Marijuana Eradication, Remediation, and Enforcement Fund” (referred to in this section as the “Fund”).
Deposits— For each of fiscal years 2019 through 2024, there shall be deposited in the Fund an amount proportional of all energy development revenues due and payable to the United States from oil, gas, coal, or alternative or renewable energy development on Federal land and water that are not otherwise credited, covered, or deposited under Federal law.
Effect on other revenues— Nothing in this subsection affects the disposition of revenues that—
are due to the United States, special funds, trust funds, or States from mineral and energy development on Federal land and water; or
have been otherwise appropriated under Federal law, including the Gulf of Mexico Energy Security Act of 2006 (43 U.S.C. 1331 note; Public Law 109–432), the Mineral Leasing Act (30 U.S.C. 181 et seq.), and chapter 2003 of title 54, United States Code.
Prohibited Use of Funds— No amounts in the Fund shall be used for land acquisition.
Public Donations—
In general— The Secretary of the Interior, the Director of the National Park Service, the Director of the United States Fish and Wildlife Service, the Director of the Bureau of Land Management, and the Assistant Secretary of Indian Affairs may accept public cash or in-kind donations that advance efforts to—
advance the goals and efforts of the California Public Lands Eradication, Remediation, and Enforcement Partnership; and
encourage relevant public-private partnerships.
Credits to fund— Any cash donations accepted under paragraph (1) shall be credited to, and form a part of, the Fund.
Authorization of appropriations— There is authorized to be appropriated to carry out this section $25,000,000 for each of fiscal years 2019 through 2024.