Section 1 Short title
This Act may be cited as the “Grant Reporting Efficiency and Agreements Transparency Act of 2018” or the “GREAT Act”.
Grant Reporting Efficiency and Agreements Transparency Act of 2018
AN ACT
To modernize Federal grant reporting, and for other purposes.
Sec. 2 Purposes
The purposes of this Act are to—
modernize reporting by recipients of Federal grants and cooperative agreements by creating and imposing data standards for the information that grants and cooperative agreement recipients must report to the Federal Government;
implement the recommendation by the Director of the Office of Management and Budget, under section 5(b)(6) of the Federal Funding Accountability and Transparency Act of 2006 (31 U.S.C. 6101 note), which includes the development of a “comprehensive taxonomy of standard definitions for core data elements required for managing Federal financial assistance awards”;
reduce burden and compliance costs of recipients of Federal grants and cooperative agreements by enabling technology solutions, existing or yet to be developed, by both the public and private sectors, to better manage data recipients already provide to the Federal Government; and
to strengthen oversight and management of Federal grants and cooperative agreements by agencies through consolidated collection and display of and access to open data that has been standardized, and where appropriate, transparency to the public.
Sec. 3 Data standards for grant reporting
Amendment— Subtitle V of title 31, United States Code, is amended by inserting after chapter 63 the following new chapter:
“64 DATA STANDARDS FOR GRANT REPORTING
“6401. Definitions
“In this chapter:
“(1) Agency—The term agency has the meaning given that term in section 552(f) of title 5.
“(2) Core data elements—The term core data elements means data elements that are not program-specific in nature and are required by agencies for all or the vast majority of Federal grant and cooperative assistance recipients for purposes of reporting.
“(3) Director—The term Director means the Director of the Office of Management and Budget.
“(4) Federal award—The term Federal award—
“(A) means the transfer of anything of value for a public purpose of support or stimulation authorized by a law of the United States, including financial assistance and Government facilities, services, and property;
“(B) includes grants, subgrants, awards, and cooperative agreements; and
“(C) does not include—
“(i) conventional public information services or procurement of property or services for the direct benefit or use of the Government; or
“(ii) an agreement that provides only—
“(I) direct Government cash assistance to an individual;
“(II) a subsidy;
“(III) a loan;
“(IV) a loan guarantee; or
“(V) insurance.
“(5) Secretary—The term Secretary means the head of the standard-setting agency.
“(6) Standard-setting agency—The term standard-setting agency means the Executive department designated under section 6402(a)(1).
“(7) State—The term State means each State of the United States, the District of Columbia, each commonwealth, territory or possession of the United States, and each federally recognized Indian Tribe.
“6402. Data standards for grant reporting
“(a) In general
“(1) Designation of standard-setting agency—The Director shall designate the Executive department (as defined in section 101 of title 5) that issues the most Federal awards in a calendar year as the standard-setting agency.
“(2) Establishment of standards—Not later than 1 year after the date of the enactment of this chapter, the Secretary and the Director shall establish Governmentwide data standards for information reported by recipients of Federal awards.
“(3) Data elements—The data standards established under paragraph (2) shall include, at a minimum—
“(A) standard definitions for data elements required for managing Federal awards; and
“(B) unique identifiers for Federal awards and entities receiving Federal awards that can be consistently applied Governmentwide.
“(b) Scope—The data standards established under subsection (a) shall include core data elements and may cover any information required to be reported to any agency by recipients of Federal awards, including audit-related information reported under chapter 75 of this title.
“(c) Requirements—The data standards required to be established under subsection (a) shall, to the extent reasonable and practicable—
“(1) render information reported by recipients of Federal grant and cooperative agreement awards fully searchable and machine-readable;
“(2) be nonproprietary;
“(3) incorporate standards developed and maintained by voluntary consensus standards bodies;
“(4) be consistent with and implement applicable accounting and reporting principles; and
“(5) incorporate the data standards established under the Federal Funding Accountability and Transparency Act of 2006 (31 U.S.C. 6101 note).
“(d) Consultation—In establishing the data standards under subsection (a), the Secretary and the Director shall consult with, as appropriate—
“(1) the Secretary of the Treasury, to ensure that the data standards incorporate the data standards created under the Federal Funding Accountability and Transparency Act of 2006 (31 U.S.C. 6101 note);
“(2) the head of each agency that issues Federal awards;
“(3) recipients of Federal awards and organizations representing recipients of Federal awards;
“(4) private sector experts;
“(5) members of the public, including privacy experts, privacy advocates, and industry stakeholders; and
“(6) State and local governments.
“6403. Guidance applying data standards for grant reporting
“(a) In general—Not later than 2 years after the date of the enactment of this chapter—
“(1) the Secretary and the Director shall issue guidance to all agencies directing the agencies to apply the data standards established under section 6402 to all applicable reporting by recipients of Federal grant and cooperative agreement awards; and
“(2) the Director shall prescribe guidance applying the data standards to audit-related information reported under chapter 75.
“(b) Guidance—The guidance issued under this section shall—
“(1) to the extent reasonable and practicable—
“(A) minimize the disruption to existing reporting practices for agencies and for recipients of Federal grant and cooperative agreement awards; and
“(B) explore opportunities to implement modern technologies within Federal award reporting;
“(2) allow the Director to permit exceptions for categories of grants if the Director publishes a list of such exceptions, including exceptions for Indian Tribes and Tribal organizations consistent with the Indian Self-Determination and Education Assistance Act; and
“(3) take into consideration the consultation required under section 6402(d).
“6404. Agency requirements
“Not later than 3 years after the date of the enactment of this chapter, the head of each agency shall ensure that all of the agency’s grants and cooperative agreements use data standards for all future information collection requests and amend existing information collection requests covered by chapter 35 of title 44 (commonly referred to as the Paperwork Reduction Act) to comply with the data standards established under section 6402, consistent with the guidance issued by the Secretary and the Director under section 6403.”
Technical and conforming amendment— The table of chapters for subtitle V of title 31, United States Code, is amended by inserting after the item relating to chapter 63 the following new item:
Sec. 4 Single audit act
Amendments—
Section 7502(h) of title 31, United States Code, is amended by inserting before “to a Federal clearinghouse” the following “in an electronic form consistent with the data standards established under chapter 64,”.
Section 7505 of title 31, United States Code, is amended by adding at the end the following new subsection:
“(d) Such guidance shall require audit-related information reported under this chapter to be reported in an electronic form consistent with the data standards established under chapter 64.”
Guidance— Not later than 2 years after the date of the enactment of this Act, the Director shall issue guidance requiring audit-related information reported under chapter 75 of title 31, United States Code, to be reported in an electronic form consistent with the data standards established under chapter 64 of title 31, United States Code, as added by section 3.
Sec. 5 Consolidation of assistance-related information; publication of public information as open data
Collection of information— Not later than 4 years after the date of the enactment of this Act, the Secretary and the Director shall enable the collection, public display, and maintenance of Federal award information as a Governmentwide data set, using the data standards established under chapter 64 of title 31, United States Code, as added by section 3, subject to reasonable restrictions established by the Director to ensure protection of personally identifiable and otherwise sensitive information.
Publication of information— The Secretary and the Director shall require the publication of recipient-reported data collected from all agencies on a single public portal. Information may be published on an existing Governmentwide website as determined appropriate by the Director.
Foia— Nothing in this section shall require the disclosure to the public of information that would be exempt from disclosure under section 552 of title 5, United States Code (commonly known as the “Freedom of Information Act”).
Sec. 6 Evaluation of Nonproprietary Identifiers
Determination required— The Director and the Secretary shall determine whether to use nonproprietary identifiers under section 6402(a)(3)(B) of title 31, United States Code, as added by section 3(a).
Factors to be considered— In making the determination required pursuant to subsection (a), the Director and the Secretary shall consider factors such as accessibility and cost to recipients of Federal awards, agencies that issue Federal awards, private-sector experts, and members of the public, including privacy experts and privacy advocates.
Publication and report on determination— Not later than the earlier of 1 year after the date of the enactment of this Act or the date on which the Secretary and Director establish data standards pursuant to section 6402(a)(2) of title 31, United States Code, as added by section 3(a), the Secretary and the Director shall publish and submit to the Committees on Oversight and Government Reform of the House of Representatives and Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs of the Senate a report explaining the reasoning for the determination made pursuant to subsection (a).
Sec. 7 Definitions
In this Act, the terms agency, Director, Federal award, and Secretary have the meaning given those terms in section 6401 of title 31, United States Code, as added by section 3(a).
Sec. 8 Rule of construction
Nothing in this Act, or the amendments made by this Act, shall be construed to require the collection of data that is not otherwise required pursuant to any Federal law, rule, or regulation.
Sec. 9 No additional funds authorized
No additional funds are authorized to carry out the requirements of this Act and the amendments made by this Act. Such requirements shall be carried out using amounts otherwise authorized.