1. Short title
This Act may be cited as the “Medicare Abuse Prevention Act of 2013” or the “MAP Act of 2013”.
Medicare Abuse Prevention Act of 2013
A BILL
To amend titles XI and XVIII of the Social Security Act to prevent fraud and abuse under the Medicare program and to require National Provider Identifiers for reimbursement of prescriptions under part D of the Medicare program, and for other purposes.
2. Increased civil and criminal penalties
Increased civil money penalties and criminal fines for Federal health care program fraud and abuse—
Increased civil money penalties— Section 1128A of the Social Security Act (42 U.S.C. 1320a–7a) is amended—
in subsection (a), in the matter following paragraph (10)—
by striking “$10,000” and inserting “$20,000” each place it appears;
by striking “$15,000” and inserting “$30,000”; and
by striking “$50,000” and inserting “$100,000” each place it appears; and
in subsection (b)—
in paragraph (1), in the flush text following subparagraph (B), by striking “$2,000” and inserting “$4,000”;
in paragraph (2), by striking “$2,000” and inserting “$4,000”; and
in paragraph (3)(A)(i), by striking “$5,000” and inserting “$10,000”.
in subsection (a), in the matter following paragraph (6)—
by striking “$25,000” and inserting “$100,000”; and
by striking “$10,000” and inserting “$20,000”;
in subsection (b)—
in paragraph (1), in the flush text following subparagraph (B), by striking “$25,000” and inserting “$100,000”; and
in paragraph (2), in the flush text following subparagraph (B), by striking “$25,000” and inserting “$100,000”;
in subsection (c), by striking “$25,000” and inserting “$100,000”;
in subsection (d), in the flush text following paragraph (2), by striking “$25,000” and inserting “$100,000”; and
in subsection (e), by striking “$2,000” and inserting “$4,000”.
Increased sentences for felonies involving Federal health care program fraud and abuse—
False statements and representations— Section 1128B(a) of the Social Security Act (42 U.S.C. 1320a–7b(a)) is amended, in the matter following paragraph (6), by striking “not more than five years or both, or (ii)” and inserting “not more than 10 years or both, or (ii)”.
Antikickback— Section 1128B(b) of such Act (42 U.S.C. 1320a–7b(b)) is amended—
in paragraph (1), in the flush text following subparagraph (B), by striking “not more than five years” and inserting “not more than 10 years”; and
in paragraph (2), in the flush text following subparagraph (B), by striking “not more than five years” and inserting “not more than 10 years”.
False statement or representation with respect to conditions or operations of facilities— Section 1128B(c) of such Act (42 U.S.C. 1320a–7b(c)) is amended by striking “not more than five years” and inserting “not more than 10 years”.
Excess charges— Section 1128B(d) of such Act (42 U.S.C. 1320a–7b(d)) is amended, in the flush text following paragraph (2), by striking “not more than five years” and inserting “not more than 10 years”.
Effective date— The amendments made by this section shall apply to acts committed after the date of the enactment of this Act.
3. Annual Medicare, Medicaid, and CHIP fraud reports
In general— By not later than July 1, 2014, and each subsequent year, the Secretary of Health and Human Services shall submit to the Committees on Ways and Means and Energy and Commerce of the House of Representatives and the Committee on Finance of the Senate a report that contains the following:
Amount of fraud— The amount, as estimated by the Secretary—
of total suspected fraud committed against the Medicare program under title XVIII of the Social Security Act, the Medicaid program under title XIX of such Act, and the Children’s Health Insurance Program under title XXI of such Act; and
the amount of such suspected fraud that is committed by employees of the Department of Health and Human Services who have access to data from any of the programs under subparagraph (A).
Data access implementation— Information on implementation of the data access requirement under section 1128J(a)(2) of the Social Security Act (42 U.S.C. 1320a–7k(a)(2)).
Use of audits—
Estimate based on audited claims— The Secretary shall base the estimate of suspected fraud under subsection (a)(1)(A) on an audit of a random sample of at least 10,000 claims for payment made under the programs under title XVIII, XIX, or XXI of the Social Security Act.
Authority of the Secretary— For purposes of conducting the audits under paragraph (1), the Secretary may—
request that a health care provider or supplier submit documentation relating to the claim being audited and review such documentation;
conduct unannounced onsite visits; and
interview patients.
Submission of information— Not later than 30 days after receiving a request for documentation under paragraph (2)(A), the health care provider or supplier shall provide to the Secretary all requested documentation related to such claim.
Internal audit— The Secretary shall base the estimate of suspected fraud committed by employees of the Department of Health and Human Services under subsection (a)(1)(B) on an internal audit.
Fraud defined— In this section, the term fraud has the meaning given such term in section 455.2 of title 42, Code of Federal Regulations.
4. Protecting predictive analytics technologies from compelled disclosure under the Freedom of Information Act
Section 4241 of the Small Business Jobs Act of 2010 (42 U.S.C. 1320a–7m) is amended by adding at the end the following:
“(j) Exemption from FOIA—The algorithms used in predictive modeling and other analytics technologies under this section are exempt from disclosure under section 552(b)(3) of title 5, United States Code.
“(k) Audit and review—The Inspector General of the Department of Health and Human Services and the Comptroller General of the United States shall, beginning on January 1, 2015, and annually thereafter, complete an audit and review of the implementation of this section, including the effectiveness of the algorithms used in predictive modeling and other analytics technologies under this section.”
5. Requiring valid National Provider Identifiers for prescribers on pharmacy claims and limiting access to the National Provider Identifier registry
Requiring valid National Provider Identifiers of prescribers on pharmacy claims—
In general— Section 1860D–2(e)(2) of the Social Security Act (42 U.S.C. 1395w–102(e)(2)) is amended by adding at the end the following new subparagraph:
“(C) Drugs prescribed by nonvalid prescribers—For plan years that begin on or after January 1, 2015, such term does not include a drug prescribed by an individual who does not have a valid National Provider Identifier, as determined through procedures established by the Secretary.”
Identifying and reporting invalid prescribers—
Transfer of information to the Inspector general— In the case that the procedures established by the Secretary of Health and Human Services under section 1860D–2(e)(2) of the Social Security Act (42 U.S.C. 1395w–102(e)(2)) result in a PDP sponsor identifying a claim for reimbursement under a prescription drug plan under part D of title XVIII of such Act as being for a drug that was prescribed by an individual who did not have a valid National Provider Identifier, the PDP sponsor shall submit to the Inspector General of the Department of Health and Human Services any information on such invalid prescribers on pharmacy claims, including any invalid national provider identifiers being used to submit such claims and any records related to such claims.
Responsibility of the Inspector General— The Inspector General of the Department of Health and Human Services shall provide to the appropriate law enforcement agencies information submitted under subparagraph (A).
Report to Congress— Not later than January 1, 2016, the Inspector General of the Department of Health and Human Services shall submit to Congress a report on the effectiveness of the procedures established under section 1860D–2(e)(2)(C) of the Social Security Act (42 U.S.C. 1395w–102(e)(2)(C)).
Limiting access to National Provider Identifier registry—
In general— The Secretary of Health and Human Services, in consultation with the Attorney General, the Inspector General of the Department of Health and Human Services, the Chairman of the Federal Trade Commission, and affected parties (including prescription drug plans under part D of title XVIII of the Social Security Act (42 U.S.C. 1395w–101 et seq.), MA–PD plans under part C of title XVIII of the Social Security Act (42 U.S.C. 1395w–21 et seq.), pharmacies, physicians, and pharmacy computer vendors), shall establish procedures and rules to restrict access to the National Provider Identifier Registry in order to deter the fraudulent use of National Provider Identifiers for purposes of making claims under titles XVIII and XIX of the Social Security Act.
Access—
In general— The procedures established under paragraph (1) shall provide governmental and nongovernmental entities with appropriate (as determined by the Secretary) access to the National Provider Identifier Registry.
Data use agreements— In order to receive such access, each such governmental and nongovernmental entity shall enter into a data use agreement with the Secretary and agree to use the data in such registry in accordance with rules established by the Secretary pursuant such paragraph.
6. Encouraging the establishment of State prescription drug monitoring programs
In general— Section 1905 of the Social Security Act (42 U.S.C. 1396d) is amended by adding at the end the following:
“(ee) Incentives for States To identify fraud through State prescription drug monitoring programs
“(1) In general—With respect to a calendar quarter, the Federal medical assistance percentage for the amounts under clauses (i) and (II) of subparagraph (C) shall be decreased by 10 percent for such quarter, if—
“(A) a State is receiving a grant for a State controlled substance monitoring program under section 399O of the Public Health Service Act (or the Secretary determines that the State meets the requirements for such a grant);
“(B) through such program, the State identifies fraud, waste, or abuse in connection the provision of prescription drug coverage under the State plan; and
“(C) the State or a political subdivision of the State—
“(i) is reimbursed an amount by a third party (pursuant to the provisions of the State plan in compliance with section 1902(a)(25)) for expenditures related to such fraud, waste, or abuse; or
“(ii) recovered (as such term is used under section 1903(d)(3)(A)) an amount.
“(2) Use of funds—A State may use the amounts received as a result of the increased Federal medical assistance percentage under paragraph (1) to support the State controlled substance monitoring program established by the State.”
Conforming amendments— Section 1905(b) of the Social Security Act (42 U.S.C. 1396d(b)) is amended by striking “Subject to subsections (y), (z), and (aa)” and inserting “Subject to subsections (y), (z), (aa), and (ee)”.
Effective date— The amendments made by this subsection shall apply to calendar quarters beginning on or after the end of the 30-day period after the date of the enactment of this Act.
7. Prohibiting the display of Social Security account numbers on newly issued Medicare identification cards and communications provided to Medicare beneficiaries
In general— Not later than 2 years after the date of enactment of this Act, the Secretary of Health and Human Services (referred to in this section as the Secretary), acting in consultation with the Commissioner of Social Security, shall establish and implement procedures to eliminate the unnecessary collection, use, and display of Social Security account numbers of Medicare beneficiaries under the Medicare program under title XVIII of the Social Security Act (42 U.S.C. 1395 et seq.).
Newly issued medicare cards and communications provided to beneficiaries— Not later than 4 years after the date of the enactment of this Act, the Secretary shall do the following:
Newly issued cards— Acting in consultation with the Commissioner of Social Security, ensure that each newly issued Medicare identification card does not display or electronically store, in an unencrypted format, a Medicare beneficiary’s Social Security account number, except—
if the health insurance claim number of a beneficiary is the Social Security number of the beneficiary, the beneficiary's spouse, or another individual, the Secretary may use such number on such card; and
if the Secretary determines that the risk of fraudulent use of such numbers is not unacceptably high, the Secretary may use a partial Social Security account number on a Medicare identification card.
Communications provided to beneficiaries— Prohibit the display of a Medicare beneficiary’s Social Security account number in any written or electronic communication provided to the beneficiary unless the Secretary, in consultation with the Commissioner of Social Security, determines that inclusion of Social Security account numbers in such communications is essential for the operation of the Medicare program.
Medicare beneficiary defined— In this section, the term Medicare beneficiary means an individual who is entitled to, or enrolled for, benefits under part A of title XVIII of the Social Security Act or enrolled under part B of such title.
Conforming amendments—
Reference in the Social Security Act— Section 205(c)(2)(C) of the Social Security Act (42 U.S.C. 405(c)(2)(C)) is amended—
by moving clause (x), as added by section 1414(a)(2) of the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (Public Law 111–148), 6 ems to the left;
by redesignating clause (x), as added by section 2(a)(1) of the Social Security Number Protection Act of 2010 (42 U.S.C. 1305 note), as clause (xii); and
by adding after clause (xii), as redesignated by subparagraph (B), the following new clause:
“(xiii) Subject to section 7 of the Medicare Abuse Prevention Act of 2013, social security account numbers shall not be displayed on Medicare identification cards or on communications provided to Medicare beneficiaries.”
Access to information— Section 205(r) of the Social Security Act (405 U.S.C. 405(r)) is amended by adding at the end the following new paragraph:
“(10)
“(A) To prevent and identify fraudulent activity—
“(i) the Attorney General or the Secretary of Health and Human Services may submit to the Commissioner a request that the Commissioner enter into an agreement under this paragraph; and
“(ii) subject to the requirements of subparagraphs (A) and (B) of paragraph (3), upon receiving a request under subparagraph (A), the Commissioner shall enter into a reimbursable agreement with the individual making such request to provide to such individual the information collected under paragraph (1).
“(B) The agreement under subparagraph (A)(ii) shall contain appropriate provisions (as determined by the Commissioner) to protect the confidentiality of information provided by the Commissioner under such agreement.”
Pilot program—
Establishment— Not later than 1 year after the date of the enactment of this Act, the Secretary shall establish a pilot program utilizing smart card technology to evaluate—
the applicability of smart card technology to the Medicare program under title XVIII of the Social Security Act (42 U.S.C. 1395 et seq.); and
whether such cards would be effective in preventing fraud under the Medicare program.
Scope and duration— The Secretary shall conduct the pilot program—
in not less than 2 States; and
for a period of not less than 180 days and not more than 2 years.
Report— Not later than 12 months after the completion of the pilot program under this subsection, the Secretary shall submit to the appropriate committees of Congress and make available to the public a report that includes the following:
A summary of the pilot program and findings resulting from such program, including—
any costs or savings to the Medicare program as a result of the implementation of the pilot program;
whether the use of smart card technology resulted in improvements in the quality of care provided to Medicare beneficiaries under the pilot program; and
whether such technology was useful in preventing or detecting fraud, waste, and abuse in the Medicare program.
Recommendations regarding whether the use of smart card technology should be expanded under the Medicare program.
Definitions— In this subsection:
Medicare beneficiary— The term Medicare beneficiary means an individual entitled to, or enrolled for, benefits under part A of title XVIII of the Social Security Act (42 U.S.C. 1395c et seq.) or enrolled for benefits under part B of such title (42 U.S.C. 1395j et seq.).
Medicare provider— The term Medicare provider means—
a provider of services (as defined in section 1861(u) of the Social Security Act (42 U.S.C. 1395x(u))); or
a supplier (as defined in section 1861(d) of such Act (42 U.S.C. 1395x(d))).
Smart card— The term smart card means an identification card used by a Medicare beneficiary or a Medicare provider that includes antifraud attributes. Such a card—
may rely on existing commercial data transfer networks or on a network of proprietary card readers or databases; and
may include—
cards using technology adapted from the financial services industry;
cards containing individual biometric identification, provided that such identification is encrypted and not contained in any central database;
cards adapting technology and processes utilized in the TRICARE program under chapter 55 of title 10, United States Code, or by the Veterans’ Administration; or
such other technology as the Secretary determines appropriate.
8. Improving claims processing and detection of fraud within the Medicaid and CHIP programs
in paragraph (25), by striking “or” at the end;
in paragraph (26), by striking the period and inserting “; or”; and
by inserting after paragraph (26) the following paragraph:
“(27) with respect to any amount expended for an item or service unless the claim for payment for such item or service contains—
“(A) a valid beneficiary identification number for the individual to whom such item or service was furnished, and the State has determined that such number corresponds to an individual who is enrolled under the State plan or an applicable waiver of a requirement of such plan; and
“(B) a valid provider identifier for the provider who furnished such item or service, and the State has determined that such identifier corresponds to a provider that is eligible to receive payment for furnishing such item or service under the State plan or an applicable waiver of a requirement of such plan.”
CHIP— Section 2107(e)(1)(I) of the Social Security Act (42 U.S.C. 1397gg(e)(1)(I)) is amended by striking “and (17)” and inserting “(17), and (27)”.