§16152. Definitions — Inbound Citations

42 U.S.C. § 16152

Cited by 233 provisions in release 119-102.

Citations to 42 U.S.C. § 16152 as a whole

42 U.S.C. § 13258(a)(1)

Go to provision →

(1) The term “fuel cell electric vehicle” means an on-road or non-road vehicle that uses a fuel cell (as defined in section 16152 of this title).

Citations to §16152(1)

42 U.S.C. § 16151(1)

Go to provision →

(1) to enable and promote comprehensive development, demonstration, and commercialization of hydrogen and fuel cell technology in partnership with industry;
42 U.S.C. § 16151(3)

Go to provision →

(3) to build a mature hydrogen economy that creates fuel diversity in the massive transportation sector of the United States;
42 U.S.C. § 16153

Go to provision →

Not later than 6 months after August 8, 2005, the Secretary shall transmit to Congress a coordinated plan for the programs described in this subchapter and any other programs of the Department that are directly related to fuel cells or hydrogen. The plan shall describe, at a minimum—
42 U.S.C. § 16153(5)

Go to provision →

(5) the policy assumptions that are implicit in the plan, including any assumptions that would affect the sources of hydrogen or the marketability of hydrogen-related products.
42 U.S.C. § 16154(a)

Go to provision →

(a) The Secretary, in consultation with other Federal agencies and the private sector, shall conduct a crosscutting research and development program (referred to in this section as the “program”) on technologies relating to the production, processing, purification, distribution, storage, and use of hydrogen energy, fuel cells, and related infrastructure.
42 U.S.C. § 16154(b)(1)

Go to provision →

(1) to advance research and development to demonstrate and commercialize the use of clean hydrogen in the transportation, utility, industrial, commercial, and residential sectors; and
42 U.S.C. § 16154(b)(2)

Go to provision →

(2) to demonstrate a standard of clean hydrogen production in the transportation, utility, industrial, commercial, and residential sectors by 2040.
42 U.S.C. § 16154(c)

Go to provision →

(c) In carrying out activities under this section, the Secretary shall focus on factors that are common to the development of hydrogen infrastructure and the supply of vehicle and electric power for critical consumer and commercial applications, and that achieve continuous technical evolution and cost reduction, particularly for hydrogen production, the supply of hydrogen, storage of hydrogen, and end uses of hydrogen that—

(1) steadily increase production, distribution, and end use efficiency and reduce life-cycle emissions;

(2) resolve critical problems relating to catalysts, membranes, storage, lightweight materials, electronic controls, manufacturability, and other problems that emerge from the program;

(3) enhance sources of fossil fuels with carbon capture, utilization, and sequestration, renewable fuels, biofuels, and nuclear energy for hydrogen production; and

(4) enable widespread use of distributed electricity generation and storage.
42 U.S.C. § 16154(c)(3)

Go to provision →

(3) enhance sources of fossil fuels with carbon capture, utilization, and sequestration, renewable fuels, biofuels, and nuclear energy for hydrogen production; and
42 U.S.C. § 16154(d)

Go to provision →

(d) In carrying out this section, the Secretary shall support enhanced public education and research conducted at institutions of higher education in fundamental sciences, application design, and systems concepts (including education and research relating to materials, subsystems, manufacturability, maintenance, and safety) relating to hydrogen and fuel cells.
42 U.S.C. § 16154(e)(1)

Go to provision →

(1) the establishment of a series of technology cost goals oriented toward achieving the standard of clean hydrogen production developed under section 16166(a) of this title;
42 U.S.C. § 16154(e)(2)

Go to provision →

(2) the production of clean hydrogen from diverse energy sources, including—

(A) fossil fuels with carbon capture, utilization, and sequestration;

(B) hydrogen-carrier fuels (including ethanol and methanol);

(C) renewable energy resources, including biomass;

(D) nuclear energy; and

(E) any other methods the Secretary determines to be appropriate;
42 U.S.C. § 16154(e)(2)(B)

Go to provision →

(B) hydrogen-carrier fuels (including ethanol and methanol);
42 U.S.C. § 16154(e)(3)

Go to provision →

(3) the use of clean hydrogen for commercial, industrial, and residential electric power generation;
42 U.S.C. § 16154(e)(4)

Go to provision →

(4) the use of clean hydrogen in industrial applications, including steelmaking, cement, chemical feedstocks, and process heat;
42 U.S.C. § 16154(e)(5)

Go to provision →

(5) the use of clean hydrogen for use as a fuel source for both residential and commercial comfort heating and hot water requirements;
42 U.S.C. § 16154(e)(6)

Go to provision →

(6) the safe and efficient delivery of hydrogen or hydrogen-carrier fuels, including—

(A) transmission by pipelines, including retrofitting the existing natural gas transportation infrastructure system to enable a transition to transport and deliver increasing levels of clean hydrogen, clean hydrogen blends, or clean hydrogen carriers;

(B) tanks and other distribution methods; and

(C) convenient and economic refueling of vehicles, locomotives, maritime vessels, or planes—

(i) at central refueling stations; or

(ii) through distributed onsite generation;
42 U.S.C. § 16154(e)(6)(A)

Go to provision →

(A) transmission by pipelines, including retrofitting the existing natural gas transportation infrastructure system to enable a transition to transport and deliver increasing levels of clean hydrogen, clean hydrogen blends, or clean hydrogen carriers;
42 U.S.C. § 16154(e)(8)

Go to provision →

(8) storage of hydrogen or hydrogen-carrier fuels, including the development of materials for safe and economic storage in gaseous, liquid, or solid form;
42 U.S.C. § 16154(e)(10)

Go to provision →

(10) the ability of domestic clean hydrogen equipment manufacturers to manufacture commercially available competitive technologies in the United States;
42 U.S.C. § 16154(e)(11)

Go to provision →

(11) the use of clean hydrogen in the transportation sector, including in light-, medium-, and heavy-duty vehicles, rail transport, aviation, and maritime applications; and
42 U.S.C. § 16154(e)(12)

Go to provision →

(12) in coordination with relevant agencies, the development of appropriate, uniform codes and standards for the safe and consistent deployment and commercialization of clean hydrogen production, processing, delivery, and end-use technologies.
42 U.S.C. § 16154(f)(1)(A)

Go to provision →

(A) to enable a commitment by automakers no later than year 2015 to offer safe, affordable, and technically viable hydrogen fuel cell vehicles in the mass consumer market; and
42 U.S.C. § 16154(f)(1)(B)

Go to provision →

(B) to enable production, delivery, and acceptance by consumers of model year 2020 hydrogen fuel cell and other hydrogen-powered vehicles that will have, when compared to light duty vehicles in model year 2005—

(i) fuel economy that is substantially higher;

(ii) substantially lower emissions of air pollutants; and

(iii) equivalent or improved vehicle fuel system crash integrity and occupant protection.
42 U.S.C. § 16154(f)(2)

Go to provision →

(2) For hydrogen energy and energy infrastructure, the goals of the program are to enable a commitment not later than 2015 that will lead to infrastructure by 2020 that will provide—

(A) safe and convenient refueling;

(B) improved overall efficiency;

(C) widespread availability of hydrogen from domestic energy sources through—

(i) production, with consideration of emissions levels;

(ii) delivery, including transmission by pipeline and other distribution methods for hydrogen; and

(iii) storage, including storage in surface transportation vehicles;

(D) hydrogen for fuel cells, internal combustion engines, and other energy conversion devices for portable, stationary, micro, critical needs facilities, and transportation applications; and

(E) other technologies consistent with the Department’s plan.
42 U.S.C. § 16154(f)(2)(C)

Go to provision →

(C) widespread availability of hydrogen from domestic energy sources through—

(i) production, with consideration of emissions levels;

(ii) delivery, including transmission by pipeline and other distribution methods for hydrogen; and

(iii) storage, including storage in surface transportation vehicles;
42 U.S.C. § 16154(f)(2)(C)(ii)

Go to provision →

(ii) delivery, including transmission by pipeline and other distribution methods for hydrogen; and
42 U.S.C. § 16154(f)(2)(D)

Go to provision →

(D) hydrogen for fuel cells, internal combustion engines, and other energy conversion devices for portable, stationary, micro, critical needs facilities, and transportation applications; and
42 U.S.C. § 16154(f)(3)(A)

Go to provision →

(A) safe, economical, and environmentally sound hydrogen fuel cells;
42 U.S.C. § 16154(h)

Go to provision →

(h) There are authorized to be appropriated to carry out projects and activities relating to hydrogen production, storage, distribution and dispensing, transport, education and coordination, and technology transfer under this section—

(1) $160,000,000 for fiscal year 2006;

(2) $200,000,000 for fiscal year 2007;

(3) $220,000,000 for fiscal year 2008;

(4) $230,000,000 for fiscal year 2009;

(5) $250,000,000 for fiscal year 2010; and

(6) such sums as are necessary for each of fiscal years 2011 through 2020.
42 U.S.C. § 16154(j)

Go to provision →

(j) Not later than 180 days after November 15, 2021, the Secretary shall establish targets for the program to address near-term (up to 2 years), mid-term (up to 7 years), and long-term (up to 15 years) challenges to the advancement of clean hydrogen systems and technologies.
42 U.S.C. § 16155(b)(1)(A)

Go to provision →

(A) a safe, economical, and environmentally sound fuel infrastructure for hydrogen and hydrogen-carrier fuels, including an infrastructure that supports buses and other fleet transportation;
42 U.S.C. § 16155(b)(1)(C)

Go to provision →

(C) distributed power generation, including the generation of combined heat, power, and clean fuels including hydrogen;
42 U.S.C. § 16155(b)(1)(D)

Go to provision →

(D) uniform hydrogen codes, standards, and safety protocols; and
42 U.S.C. § 16155(b)(1)(E)

Go to provision →

(E) vehicle hydrogen fuel system integrity safety performance.
42 U.S.C. § 16155(b)(2)(B)

Go to provision →

(B) develop and maintain an inventory and assessment of hydrogen, fuel cells, and other advanced technologies, including the commercial capability of each technology for the economic and environmentally safe production, distribution, delivery, storage, and use of hydrogen;
42 U.S.C. § 16155(b)(2)(D)

Go to provision →

(D) promote the marketplace introduction of infrastructure for hydrogen fuel vehicles; and
42 U.S.C. § 16155(b)(2)(E)

Go to provision →

(E) conduct an education program to provide hydrogen and fuel cell information to potential end-users.
42 U.S.C. § 16156(a)

Go to provision →

(a) The Hydrogen Technical and Fuel Cell Advisory Committee is established to advise the Secretary on the programs and activities under this subchapter.
42 U.S.C. § 16156(c)(2)

Go to provision →

(2) the safety, economical, and environmental consequences of technologies for the production, distribution, delivery, storage, or use of hydrogen energy and fuel cells; and
42 U.S.C. § 16157(a)(1)

Go to provision →

(1) involve using hydrogen and related products at existing facilities or installations, such as existing office buildings, military bases, vehicle fleet centers, transit bus authorities, or units of the National Park System;
42 U.S.C. § 16157(a)(2)

Go to provision →

(2) depend on reliable power from hydrogen to carry out essential activities;
42 U.S.C. § 16157(a)(3)

Go to provision →

(3) lead to the replication of hydrogen technologies and draw such technologies into the marketplace;
42 U.S.C. § 16157(a)(4)

Go to provision →

(4) include vehicle, portable, and stationary demonstrations of fuel cell and hydrogen-based energy technologies;
42 U.S.C. § 16157(a)(5)

Go to provision →

(5) address the interdependency of demand for hydrogen fuel cell applications and hydrogen fuel infrastructure;
42 U.S.C. § 16157(a)(6)

Go to provision →

(6) raise awareness of hydrogen technology among the public;
42 U.S.C. § 16157(a)(9)

Go to provision →

(9) carry out demonstrations of evolving hydrogen and fuel cell technologies in national parks, remote island areas, and on Indian tribal land, as selected by the Secretary;
42 U.S.C. § 16157(a)(10)

Go to provision →

(10) carry out a program to demonstrate developmental hydrogen and fuel cell systems for mobile, portable, and stationary uses, using improved versions of the learning demonstrations program concept of the Department including demonstrations involving—

(A) light-duty vehicles;

(B) heavy-duty vehicles;

(C) fleet vehicles;

(D) specialty industrial and farm vehicles; and

(E) commercial and residential portable, continuous, and backup electric power generation;
42 U.S.C. § 16157(a)(11)

Go to provision →

(11) in accordance with any code or standards developed in a region, fund prototype, pilot fleet, and infrastructure regional hydrogen supply corridors along the interstate highway system in varied climates across the United States; and
42 U.S.C. § 16157(a)(12)

Go to provision →

(12) fund demonstration programs that explore the use of hydrogen blends, hybrid hydrogen, and hydrogen reformed from renewable agricultural fuels, including the use of hydrogen in hybrid electric, heavier duty, and advanced internal combustion-powered vehicles.
42 U.S.C. § 16157(b)(1)(B)(i)

Go to provision →

(i) incorporates renewable hydrogen production, off-grid electricity production, and fleet applications in industrial or commercial service;
42 U.S.C. § 16158(a)

Go to provision →

(a) The Secretary, in cooperation with the Task Force, shall provide grants to, or offer to enter into contracts with, such professional organizations, public service organizations, and government agencies as the Secretary determines appropriate to support timely and extensive development of safety codes and standards relating to fuel cell vehicles, hydrogen energy systems, and stationary, portable, and micro fuel cells.
42 U.S.C. § 16160(a)(1)

Go to provision →

(1) activities carried out by the Department under this subchapter,¹ for hydrogen and fuel cell technology;
42 U.S.C. § 16160(a)(2)

Go to provision →

(2) measures the Secretary has taken during the preceding 3 years to support the transition of primary industry (or a related industry) to a fully commercialized hydrogen economy;
42 U.S.C. § 16160(a)(3)

Go to provision →

(3) any change made to the strategy relating to hydrogen and fuel cell technology to reflect the results of a learning demonstrations;
42 U.S.C. § 16160(a)(4)(A)

Go to provision →

(A) 100,000 hydrogen-fueled vehicles in the United States by 2010; and
42 U.S.C. § 16160(a)(4)(B)

Go to provision →

(B) 2,500,000 hydrogen-fueled vehicles in the United States by 2020;
42 U.S.C. § 16160(a)(5)

Go to provision →

(5) progress made toward achieving the goal of supplying hydrogen at a sufficient number of fueling stations in the United States by 2010 including by integrating—

(A) hydrogen activities; and

(B) associated targets and timetables for the development of hydrogen technologies;
42 U.S.C. § 16160(a)(5)(A)

Go to provision →

(A) hydrogen activities; and
42 U.S.C. § 16160(a)(5)(B)

Go to provision →

(B) associated targets and timetables for the development of hydrogen technologies;
42 U.S.C. § 16161(a)(2)

Go to provision →

(2) provide for the establishment of 5 projects in geographic areas that are regionally and climatically diverse to demonstrate the production of hydrogen at solar energy facilities, including one demonstration project at a National Laboratory or institution of higher education;
42 U.S.C. § 16161(a)(3)(A)

Go to provision →

(A) to develop optimized concentrating solar power devices that may be used for the production of both electricity and hydrogen; and
42 U.S.C. § 16161(a)(3)(B)

Go to provision →

(B) to evaluate the use of thermochemical cycles for hydrogen production at the temperatures attainable with concentrating solar power devices;
42 U.S.C. § 16161(a)(5)

Go to provision →

(5) provide for the construction and operation of new concentrating solar power devices or solar power cogeneration facilities that produce hydrogen either concurrently with, or independently of, the production of electricity;
42 U.S.C. § 16161(a)(7)(A)

Go to provision →

(A) to develop methods that use electricity from photovoltaic devices for the onsite production of hydrogen, such that no intermediate transmission or distribution infrastructure is required or used and future demand growth may be accommodated;
42 U.S.C. § 16161(a)(7)(B)

Go to provision →

(B) to evaluate the economics of small-scale electrolysis for hydrogen production; and
42 U.S.C. § 16161(a)(7)(C)

Go to provision →

(C) to study the potential of modular photovoltaic devices for the development of a hydrogen infrastructure, the security implications of a hydrogen infrastructure, and the benefits potentially derived from a hydrogen infrastructure.
42 U.S.C. § 16161(b)(2)

Go to provision →

(2) provide for the establishment of 5 projects in geographic areas that are regionally and climatically diverse to demonstrate the production of hydrogen at existing wind energy facilities, including one demonstration project at a National Laboratory or institution of higher education.
42 U.S.C. § 16161(c)

Go to provision →

(c) The Secretary shall support programs at institutions of higher education for the development of solar energy technologies and wind energy technologies for the production of hydrogen. The programs supported under this subsection shall—

(1) enhance fellowship and faculty assistance programs;

(2) provide support for fundamental research;

(3) encourage collaborative research among industry, National Laboratories, and institutions of higher education;

(4) support communication and outreach; and

(5) to the greatest extent possible—

(A) be located in geographic areas that are regionally and climatically diverse; and

(B) be located at part B institutions, minority institutions, and institutions of higher education located in States participating in the Experimental Program to Stimulate Competitive Research of the Department.
42 U.S.C. § 16161(e)

Go to provision →

(e) The Secretary shall transmit to the Congress not later than 120 days after August 8, 2005, a report containing detailed summaries of the roadmaps prepared under subsections (a)(1) and (b)(1), descriptions of the Secretary’s progress in establishing the projects and other programs required under this section, and recommendations for promoting the availability of advanced solar and wind energy technologies for the production of hydrogen.
42 U.S.C. § 16161a(a)

Go to provision →

(a) In this section, the term “regional clean hydrogen hub” means a network of clean hydrogen producers, potential clean hydrogen consumers, and connective infrastructure located in close proximity.
42 U.S.C. § 16161a(b)

Go to provision →

(b) The Secretary shall establish a program to support the development of at least 4 regional clean hydrogen hubs that—

(1) demonstrably aid the achievement of the clean hydrogen production standard developed under section 16166(a) of this title;

(2) demonstrate the production, processing, delivery, storage, and end-use of clean hydrogen; and

(3) can be developed into a national clean hydrogen network to facilitate a clean hydrogen economy.
42 U.S.C. § 16161a(b)(1)

Go to provision →

(1) demonstrably aid the achievement of the clean hydrogen production standard developed under section 16166(a) of this title;
42 U.S.C. § 16161a(b)(2)

Go to provision →

(2) demonstrate the production, processing, delivery, storage, and end-use of clean hydrogen; and
42 U.S.C. § 16161a(b)(3)

Go to provision →

(3) can be developed into a national clean hydrogen network to facilitate a clean hydrogen economy.
42 U.S.C. § 16161a(c)(1)

Go to provision →

(1) Not later than 180 days after November 15, 2021, the Secretary shall solicit proposals for regional clean hydrogen hubs.
42 U.S.C. § 16161a(c)(2)

Go to provision →

(2) Not later than 1 year after the deadline for the submission of proposals under paragraph (1), the Secretary shall select at least 4 regional clean hydrogen hubs to be developed under subsection (b).
42 U.S.C. § 16161a(c)(3)

Go to provision →

(3) The Secretary shall select regional clean hydrogen hubs under paragraph (2) using the following criteria:

(A) To the maximum extent practicable—

(i) at least 1 regional clean hydrogen hub shall demonstrate the production of clean hydrogen from fossil fuels;

(ii) at least 1 regional clean hydrogen hub shall demonstrate the production of clean hydrogen from renewable energy; and

(iii) at least 1 regional clean hydrogen hub shall demonstrate the production of clean hydrogen from nuclear energy.

(B) To the maximum extent practicable—

(i) at least 1 regional clean hydrogen hub shall demonstrate the end-use of clean hydrogen in the electric power generation sector;

(ii) at least 1 regional clean hydrogen hub shall demonstrate the end-use of clean hydrogen in the industrial sector;

(iii) at least 1 regional clean hydrogen hub shall demonstrate the end-use of clean hydrogen in the residential and commercial heating sector; and

(iv) at least 1 regional clean hydrogen hub shall demonstrate the end-use of clean hydrogen in the transportation sector.

(C) To the maximum extent practicable, each regional clean hydrogen hub—

(i) shall be located in a different region of the United States; and

(ii) shall use energy resources that are abundant in that region.

(D) To the maximum extent practicable, at least 2 regional clean hydrogen hubs shall be located in the regions of the United States with the greatest natural gas resources.

(E) The Secretary shall give priority to regional clean hydrogen hubs that are likely to create opportunities for skilled training and long-term employment to the greatest number of residents of the region.

(F) The Secretary may take into consideration other criteria that, in the judgment of the Secretary, are necessary or appropriate to carry out this subchapter¹
42 U.S.C. § 16161a(c)(3)(A)(i)

Go to provision →

(i) at least 1 regional clean hydrogen hub shall demonstrate the production of clean hydrogen from fossil fuels;
42 U.S.C. § 16161a(c)(3)(A)(ii)

Go to provision →

(ii) at least 1 regional clean hydrogen hub shall demonstrate the production of clean hydrogen from renewable energy; and
42 U.S.C. § 16161a(c)(3)(A)(iii)

Go to provision →

(iii) at least 1 regional clean hydrogen hub shall demonstrate the production of clean hydrogen from nuclear energy.
42 U.S.C. § 16161a(c)(3)(B)(i)

Go to provision →

(i) at least 1 regional clean hydrogen hub shall demonstrate the end-use of clean hydrogen in the electric power generation sector;
42 U.S.C. § 16161a(c)(3)(B)(ii)

Go to provision →

(ii) at least 1 regional clean hydrogen hub shall demonstrate the end-use of clean hydrogen in the industrial sector;
42 U.S.C. § 16161a(c)(3)(B)(iii)

Go to provision →

(iii) at least 1 regional clean hydrogen hub shall demonstrate the end-use of clean hydrogen in the residential and commercial heating sector; and
42 U.S.C. § 16161a(c)(3)(B)(iv)

Go to provision →

(iv) at least 1 regional clean hydrogen hub shall demonstrate the end-use of clean hydrogen in the transportation sector.
42 U.S.C. § 16161a(c)(3)(C)

Go to provision →

(C) To the maximum extent practicable, each regional clean hydrogen hub—

(i) shall be located in a different region of the United States; and

(ii) shall use energy resources that are abundant in that region.
42 U.S.C. § 16161a(c)(3)(D)

Go to provision →

(D) To the maximum extent practicable, at least 2 regional clean hydrogen hubs shall be located in the regions of the United States with the greatest natural gas resources.
42 U.S.C. § 16161a(c)(3)(E)

Go to provision →

(E) The Secretary shall give priority to regional clean hydrogen hubs that are likely to create opportunities for skilled training and long-term employment to the greatest number of residents of the region.
42 U.S.C. § 16161a(c)(4)

Go to provision →

(4) The Secretary may make grants to each regional clean hydrogen hub selected under paragraph (2) to accelerate commercialization of, and demonstrate the production, processing, delivery, storage, and end-use of, clean hydrogen.
42 U.S.C. § 16161b(a)(1)

Go to provision →

(1) In carrying out the programs established under sections 16154 and 16161a of this title, the Secretary, in consultation with the heads of relevant offices of the Department, shall develop a technologically and economically feasible national strategy and roadmap to facilitate widescale production, processing, delivery, storage, and use of clean hydrogen.
42 U.S.C. § 16161b(a)(2)

Go to provision →

(2) The national clean hydrogen strategy and roadmap developed under paragraph (1) shall focus on—

(A) establishing a standard of hydrogen production that achieves the standard developed under section 16166(a) of this title, including interim goals towards meeting that standard;

(i) clean hydrogen production and use from natural gas, coal, renewable energy sources, nuclear energy, and biomass; and

(ii) identifying potential barriers, pathways, and opportunities, including Federal policy needs, to transition to a clean hydrogen economy;

(C) identifying—

(i) economic opportunities for the production, processing, transport, storage, and use of clean hydrogen that exist in the major shale natural gas-producing regions of the United States;

(ii) economic opportunities for the production, processing, transport, storage, and use of clean hydrogen that exist for merchant nuclear power plants operating in deregulated markets; and

(iii) environmental risks associated with potential deployment of clean hydrogen technologies in those regions, and ways to mitigate those risks;

(D) approaches, including substrategies, that reflect geographic diversity across the country, to advance clean hydrogen based on resources, industry sectors, environmental benefits, and economic impacts in regional economies;

(E) identifying opportunities to use, and barriers to using, existing infrastructure, including all components of the natural gas infrastructure system, the carbon dioxide pipeline infrastructure system, end-use local distribution networks, end-use power generators, LNG terminals, industrial users of natural gas, and residential and commercial consumers of natural gas, for clean hydrogen deployment;

(F) identifying the needs for and barriers and pathways to developing clean hydrogen hubs (including, where appropriate, clean hydrogen hubs coupled with carbon capture, utilization, and storage hubs) that—

(i) are regionally dispersed across the United States and can leverage natural gas to the maximum extent practicable;

(ii) can demonstrate the efficient production, processing, delivery, and use of clean hydrogen;

(iii) include transportation corridors and modes of transportation, including transportation of clean hydrogen by pipeline and rail and through ports; and

(iv) where appropriate, could serve as joint clean hydrogen and carbon capture, utilization, and storage hubs;

(G) prioritizing activities that improve the ability of the Department to develop tools to model, analyze, and optimize single-input, multiple-output integrated hybrid energy systems and multiple-input, multiple-output integrated hybrid energy systems that maximize efficiency in providing hydrogen, high-value heat, electricity, and chemical synthesis services;

(H) identifying the appropriate points of interaction between and among Federal agencies involved in the production, processing, delivery, storage, and use of clean hydrogen and clarifying the responsibilities of those Federal agencies, and potential regulatory obstacles and recommendations for modifications, in order to support the deployment of clean hydrogen; and

(I) identifying geographic zones or regions in which clean hydrogen technologies could efficiently and economically be introduced in order to transition existing infrastructure to rely on clean hydrogen, in support of decarbonizing all relevant sectors of the economy.
42 U.S.C. § 16161b(a)(2)(A)

Go to provision →

(A) establishing a standard of hydrogen production that achieves the standard developed under section 16166(a) of this title, including interim goals towards meeting that standard;
42 U.S.C. § 16161b(a)(2)(B)(i)

Go to provision →

(i) clean hydrogen production and use from natural gas, coal, renewable energy sources, nuclear energy, and biomass; and
42 U.S.C. § 16161b(a)(2)(B)(ii)

Go to provision →

(ii) identifying potential barriers, pathways, and opportunities, including Federal policy needs, to transition to a clean hydrogen economy;
42 U.S.C. § 16161b(a)(2)(C)(i)

Go to provision →

(i) economic opportunities for the production, processing, transport, storage, and use of clean hydrogen that exist in the major shale natural gas-producing regions of the United States;
42 U.S.C. § 16161b(a)(2)(C)(ii)

Go to provision →

(ii) economic opportunities for the production, processing, transport, storage, and use of clean hydrogen that exist for merchant nuclear power plants operating in deregulated markets; and
42 U.S.C. § 16161b(a)(2)(C)(iii)

Go to provision →

(iii) environmental risks associated with potential deployment of clean hydrogen technologies in those regions, and ways to mitigate those risks;
42 U.S.C. § 16161b(a)(2)(D)

Go to provision →

(D) approaches, including substrategies, that reflect geographic diversity across the country, to advance clean hydrogen based on resources, industry sectors, environmental benefits, and economic impacts in regional economies;
42 U.S.C. § 16161b(a)(2)(E)

Go to provision →

(E) identifying opportunities to use, and barriers to using, existing infrastructure, including all components of the natural gas infrastructure system, the carbon dioxide pipeline infrastructure system, end-use local distribution networks, end-use power generators, LNG terminals, industrial users of natural gas, and residential and commercial consumers of natural gas, for clean hydrogen deployment;
42 U.S.C. § 16161b(a)(2)(F)

Go to provision →

(F) identifying the needs for and barriers and pathways to developing clean hydrogen hubs (including, where appropriate, clean hydrogen hubs coupled with carbon capture, utilization, and storage hubs) that—

(i) are regionally dispersed across the United States and can leverage natural gas to the maximum extent practicable;

(ii) can demonstrate the efficient production, processing, delivery, and use of clean hydrogen;

(iii) include transportation corridors and modes of transportation, including transportation of clean hydrogen by pipeline and rail and through ports; and

(iv) where appropriate, could serve as joint clean hydrogen and carbon capture, utilization, and storage hubs;
42 U.S.C. § 16161b(a)(2)(F)(ii)

Go to provision →

(ii) can demonstrate the efficient production, processing, delivery, and use of clean hydrogen;
42 U.S.C. § 16161b(a)(2)(F)(iii)

Go to provision →

(iii) include transportation corridors and modes of transportation, including transportation of clean hydrogen by pipeline and rail and through ports; and
42 U.S.C. § 16161b(a)(2)(F)(iv)

Go to provision →

(iv) where appropriate, could serve as joint clean hydrogen and carbon capture, utilization, and storage hubs;
42 U.S.C. § 16161b(a)(2)(G)

Go to provision →

(G) prioritizing activities that improve the ability of the Department to develop tools to model, analyze, and optimize single-input, multiple-output integrated hybrid energy systems and multiple-input, multiple-output integrated hybrid energy systems that maximize efficiency in providing hydrogen, high-value heat, electricity, and chemical synthesis services;
42 U.S.C. § 16161b(a)(2)(H)

Go to provision →

(H) identifying the appropriate points of interaction between and among Federal agencies involved in the production, processing, delivery, storage, and use of clean hydrogen and clarifying the responsibilities of those Federal agencies, and potential regulatory obstacles and recommendations for modifications, in order to support the deployment of clean hydrogen; and
42 U.S.C. § 16161b(a)(2)(I)

Go to provision →

(I) identifying geographic zones or regions in which clean hydrogen technologies could efficiently and economically be introduced in order to transition existing infrastructure to rely on clean hydrogen, in support of decarbonizing all relevant sectors of the economy.
42 U.S.C. § 16161b(b)(1)

Go to provision →

(1) Not later than 180 days after November 15, 2021, the Secretary shall submit to Congress the clean hydrogen strategy and roadmap developed under subsection (a).
42 U.S.C. § 16161b(b)(2)

Go to provision →

(2) The Secretary shall submit to Congress updates to the clean hydrogen strategy and roadmap under paragraph (1) not less frequently than once every 3 years after the date on which the Secretary initially submits the report and roadmap.
42 U.S.C. § 16161c(a)(1)

Go to provision →

(1) In carrying out the programs established under sections 16154 and 16161a of this title, the Secretary shall award multiyear grants to, and enter into contracts, cooperative agreements, or any other agreements authorized under this Act or other Federal law with, eligible entities (as determined by the Secretary) for research, development, and demonstration projects to advance new clean hydrogen production, processing, delivery, storage, and use equipment manufacturing technologies and techniques.
42 U.S.C. § 16161c(a)(2)

Go to provision →

(2) In awarding grants or entering into contracts, cooperative agreements, or other agreements under paragraph (1), the Secretary, to the maximum extent practicable, shall give priority to clean hydrogen equipment manufacturing projects that—

(A) increase efficiency and cost-effectiveness in—

(i) the manufacturing process; and

(ii) the use of resources, including existing energy infrastructure;

(B) support domestic supply chains for materials and components;

(C) identify and incorporate nonhazardous alternative materials for components and devices;

(D) operate in partnership with tribal energy development organizations, Indian Tribes, Tribal organizations, Native Hawaiian community-based organizations, or territories or freely associated States; or

(E) are located in economically distressed areas of the major natural gas-producing regions of the United States.
42 U.S.C. § 16161c(b)(1)

Go to provision →

(1) In carrying out the programs established under sections 16154 and 16161a of this title, the Secretary shall award multiyear grants to, and enter into contracts, cooperative agreements, or any other agreements authorized under this Act or other Federal law with, eligible entities for research, development, and demonstration projects to create innovative and practical approaches to increase the reuse and recycling of clean hydrogen technologies, including by—

(A) increasing the efficiency and cost-effectiveness of the recovery of raw materials from clean hydrogen technology components and systems, including enabling technologies such as electrolyzers and fuel cells;

(B) minimizing environmental impacts from the recovery and disposal processes;

(C) addressing any barriers to the research, development, demonstration, and commercialization of technologies and processes for the disassembly and recycling of devices used for clean hydrogen production, processing, delivery, storage, and use;

(D) developing alternative materials, designs, manufacturing processes, and other aspects of clean hydrogen technologies;

(E) developing alternative disassembly and resource recovery processes that enable efficient, cost-effective, and environmentally responsible disassembly of, and resource recovery from, clean hydrogen technologies; and

(F) developing strategies to increase consumer acceptance of, and participation in, the recycling of fuel cells.
42 U.S.C. § 16161c(b)(1)(A)

Go to provision →

(A) increasing the efficiency and cost-effectiveness of the recovery of raw materials from clean hydrogen technology components and systems, including enabling technologies such as electrolyzers and fuel cells;
42 U.S.C. § 16161c(b)(1)(C)

Go to provision →

(C) addressing any barriers to the research, development, demonstration, and commercialization of technologies and processes for the disassembly and recycling of devices used for clean hydrogen production, processing, delivery, storage, and use;
42 U.S.C. § 16161c(b)(1)(D)

Go to provision →

(D) developing alternative materials, designs, manufacturing processes, and other aspects of clean hydrogen technologies;
42 U.S.C. § 16161c(b)(1)(E)

Go to provision →

(E) developing alternative disassembly and resource recovery processes that enable efficient, cost-effective, and environmentally responsible disassembly of, and resource recovery from, clean hydrogen technologies; and
42 U.S.C. § 16161d(a)(1)

Go to provision →

(1) The term “electrolysis” means a process that uses electricity to split water into hydrogen and oxygen.
42 U.S.C. § 16161d(a)(2)

Go to provision →

(2) The term “electrolyzer” means a system that produces hydrogen using electrolysis.
42 U.S.C. § 16161d(b)

Go to provision →

(b) Not later than 90 days after November 15, 2021, the Secretary shall establish a research, development, demonstration, commercialization, and deployment program for purposes of commercialization to improve the efficiency, increase the durability, and reduce the cost of producing clean hydrogen using electrolyzers.
42 U.S.C. § 16161d(c)(1)

Go to provision →

(1) to reduce the cost of hydrogen produced using electrolyzers to less than $2 per kilogram of hydrogen by 2026; and
42 U.S.C. § 16161d(d)(1)

Go to provision →

(1) to demonstrate technologies that produce clean hydrogen using electrolyzers; and
42 U.S.C. § 16161d(e)(1)

Go to provision →

(1) low-temperature electrolyzers, including liquid-alkaline electrolyzers, membrane-based electrolyzers, and other advanced electrolyzers, capable of converting intermittent sources of electric power to clean hydrogen with enhanced efficiency and durability;
42 U.S.C. § 16161d(e)(2)

Go to provision →

(2) high-temperature electrolyzers that combine electricity and heat to improve the efficiency of clean hydrogen production;
42 U.S.C. § 16161d(e)(8)

Go to provision →

(8) clean hydrogen storage technologies;
42 U.S.C. § 16161d(e)(9)

Go to provision →

(9) technologies that integrate hydrogen production with—

(A) clean hydrogen compression and drying technologies;

(B) clean hydrogen storage; and

(C) transportation or stationary systems; and
42 U.S.C. § 16161d(e)(9)(A)

Go to provision →

(A) clean hydrogen compression and drying technologies;
42 U.S.C. § 16161d(e)(9)(B)

Go to provision →

(B) clean hydrogen storage; and
42 U.S.C. § 16161d(e)(10)

Go to provision →

(10) integrated systems that combine hydrogen production with renewable power or nuclear power generation technologies, including hybrid systems with hydrogen storage.
42 U.S.C. § 16162(1)

Go to provision →

(1) provide for the transfer of critical hydrogen and fuel cell technologies to the private sector;
42 U.S.C. § 16162(4)

Go to provision →

(4) assess technical and commercial viability of technologies relating to the production, distribution, storage, and use of hydrogen energy and fuel cells.
42 U.S.C. § 16165(1)

Go to provision →

(1) research into, and regulation of, hydrogen-powered vehicles fuel systems integrity, standards, and safety under subtitle VI of title 49;
42 U.S.C. § 16166(a)

Go to provision →

(a) Not later than 180 days after November 15, 2021, the Secretary, in consultation with the Administrator of the Environmental Protection Agency and after taking into account input from industry and other stakeholders, as determined by the Secretary, shall develop an initial standard for the carbon intensity of clean hydrogen production that shall apply to activities carried out under this subchapter.
42 U.S.C. § 16166(b)(1)(A)

Go to provision →

(A) support clean hydrogen production from each source described in section 16154(e)(2) of this title;
42 U.S.C. § 16166(b)(1)(B)

Go to provision →

(B) define the term “clean hydrogen” to mean hydrogen produced with a carbon intensity equal to or less than 2 kilograms of carbon dioxide-equivalent produced at the site of production per kilogram of hydrogen produced; and
42 U.S.C. § 16166(b)(2)(A)

Go to provision →

(A) determine whether the definition of clean hydrogen required under paragraph (1)(B) should be adjusted below the standard described in that paragraph; and
42 U.S.C. § 16166(c)

Go to provision →

(c) The standard developed under subsection (a) shall apply to clean hydrogen production from renewable, fossil fuel with carbon capture, utilization, and sequestration technologies, nuclear, and other fuel sources using any applicable production technology.

Citations to §16152(2)

42 U.S.C. § 16151(1)

Go to provision →

(1) to enable and promote comprehensive development, demonstration, and commercialization of hydrogen and fuel cell technology in partnership with industry;
42 U.S.C. § 16153

Go to provision →

Not later than 6 months after August 8, 2005, the Secretary shall transmit to Congress a coordinated plan for the programs described in this subchapter and any other programs of the Department that are directly related to fuel cells or hydrogen. The plan shall describe, at a minimum—
42 U.S.C. § 16154(a)

Go to provision →

(a) The Secretary, in consultation with other Federal agencies and the private sector, shall conduct a crosscutting research and development program (referred to in this section as the “program”) on technologies relating to the production, processing, purification, distribution, storage, and use of hydrogen energy, fuel cells, and related infrastructure.
42 U.S.C. § 16154(d)

Go to provision →

(d) In carrying out this section, the Secretary shall support enhanced public education and research conducted at institutions of higher education in fundamental sciences, application design, and systems concepts (including education and research relating to materials, subsystems, manufacturability, maintenance, and safety) relating to hydrogen and fuel cells.
42 U.S.C. § 16154(e)(9)

Go to provision →

(9) the development of safe, durable, affordable, and efficient fuel cells, including fuel-flexible fuel cell power systems, improved manufacturing processes, high-temperature membranes, cost-effective fuel processing for natural gas, fuel cell stack and system reliability, low-temperature operation, and cold start capability;
42 U.S.C. § 16154(f)(1)(A)

Go to provision →

(A) to enable a commitment by automakers no later than year 2015 to offer safe, affordable, and technically viable hydrogen fuel cell vehicles in the mass consumer market; and
42 U.S.C. § 16154(f)(1)(B)

Go to provision →

(B) to enable production, delivery, and acceptance by consumers of model year 2020 hydrogen fuel cell and other hydrogen-powered vehicles that will have, when compared to light duty vehicles in model year 2005—

(i) fuel economy that is substantially higher;

(ii) substantially lower emissions of air pollutants; and

(iii) equivalent or improved vehicle fuel system crash integrity and occupant protection.
42 U.S.C. § 16154(f)(2)(D)

Go to provision →

(D) hydrogen for fuel cells, internal combustion engines, and other energy conversion devices for portable, stationary, micro, critical needs facilities, and transportation applications; and
42 U.S.C. § 16154(f)(3)

Go to provision →

(3) The goals for fuel cells and their portable, stationary, and transportation applications are to enable—

(A) safe, economical, and environmentally sound hydrogen fuel cells;

(B) fuel cells for light duty and other vehicles; and

(C) other technologies consistent with the Department’s plan.
42 U.S.C. § 16154(f)(3)(A)

Go to provision →

(A) safe, economical, and environmentally sound hydrogen fuel cells;
42 U.S.C. § 16154(f)(3)(B)

Go to provision →

(B) fuel cells for light duty and other vehicles; and
42 U.S.C. § 16154(i)

Go to provision →

(i) There are authorized to be appropriated to carry out projects and activities relating to fuel cell technologies under this section—

(1) $150,000,000 for fiscal year 2006;

(2) $160,000,000 for fiscal year 2007;

(3) $170,000,000 for fiscal year 2008;

(4) $180,000,000 for fiscal year 2009;

(5) $200,000,000 for fiscal year 2010; and

(6) such sums as are necessary for each of fiscal years 2011 through 2020.
42 U.S.C. § 16155(b)(1)(B)

Go to provision →

(B) fuel cells in government and other applications, including portable, stationary, and transportation applications;
42 U.S.C. § 16155(b)(2)(B)

Go to provision →

(B) develop and maintain an inventory and assessment of hydrogen, fuel cells, and other advanced technologies, including the commercial capability of each technology for the economic and environmentally safe production, distribution, delivery, storage, and use of hydrogen;
42 U.S.C. § 16155(b)(2)(E)

Go to provision →

(E) conduct an education program to provide hydrogen and fuel cell information to potential end-users.
42 U.S.C. § 16156(a)

Go to provision →

(a) The Hydrogen Technical and Fuel Cell Advisory Committee is established to advise the Secretary on the programs and activities under this subchapter.
42 U.S.C. § 16156(c)(2)

Go to provision →

(2) the safety, economical, and environmental consequences of technologies for the production, distribution, delivery, storage, or use of hydrogen energy and fuel cells; and
42 U.S.C. § 16157(a)(4)

Go to provision →

(4) include vehicle, portable, and stationary demonstrations of fuel cell and hydrogen-based energy technologies;
42 U.S.C. § 16157(a)(5)

Go to provision →

(5) address the interdependency of demand for hydrogen fuel cell applications and hydrogen fuel infrastructure;
42 U.S.C. § 16157(a)(9)

Go to provision →

(9) carry out demonstrations of evolving hydrogen and fuel cell technologies in national parks, remote island areas, and on Indian tribal land, as selected by the Secretary;
42 U.S.C. § 16157(a)(10)

Go to provision →

(10) carry out a program to demonstrate developmental hydrogen and fuel cell systems for mobile, portable, and stationary uses, using improved versions of the learning demonstrations program concept of the Department including demonstrations involving—

(A) light-duty vehicles;

(B) heavy-duty vehicles;

(C) fleet vehicles;

(D) specialty industrial and farm vehicles; and

(E) commercial and residential portable, continuous, and backup electric power generation;
42 U.S.C. § 16157(b)(1)(B)(ii)

Go to provision →

(ii) integrates energy or applications described in clause (i), such as stationary, portable, micro, and mobile fuel cells, into a high-density commercial or residential building complex or agricultural community; and
42 U.S.C. § 16158(a)

Go to provision →

(a) The Secretary, in cooperation with the Task Force, shall provide grants to, or offer to enter into contracts with, such professional organizations, public service organizations, and government agencies as the Secretary determines appropriate to support timely and extensive development of safety codes and standards relating to fuel cell vehicles, hydrogen energy systems, and stationary, portable, and micro fuel cells.
42 U.S.C. § 16160(a)(1)

Go to provision →

(1) activities carried out by the Department under this subchapter,¹ for hydrogen and fuel cell technology;
42 U.S.C. § 16160(a)(3)

Go to provision →

(3) any change made to the strategy relating to hydrogen and fuel cell technology to reflect the results of a learning demonstrations;
42 U.S.C. § 16161c(b)(1)(A)

Go to provision →

(A) increasing the efficiency and cost-effectiveness of the recovery of raw materials from clean hydrogen technology components and systems, including enabling technologies such as electrolyzers and fuel cells;
42 U.S.C. § 16161c(b)(1)(F)

Go to provision →

(F) developing strategies to increase consumer acceptance of, and participation in, the recycling of fuel cells.
42 U.S.C. § 16161d(e)(3)

Go to provision →

(3) advanced reversible fuel cells that combine the functionality of an electrolyzer and a fuel cell;
42 U.S.C. § 16162(1)

Go to provision →

(1) provide for the transfer of critical hydrogen and fuel cell technologies to the private sector;
42 U.S.C. § 16162(4)

Go to provision →

(4) assess technical and commercial viability of technologies relating to the production, distribution, storage, and use of hydrogen energy and fuel cells.

Citations to §16152(3)

42 U.S.C. § 16154(e)(11)

Go to provision →

(11) the use of clean hydrogen in the transportation sector, including in light-, medium-, and heavy-duty vehicles, rail transport, aviation, and maritime applications; and
42 U.S.C. § 16157(a)(10)(B)

Go to provision →

(B) heavy-duty vehicles;

Citations to §16152(4)

42 U.S.C. § 16154(a)

Go to provision →

(a) The Secretary, in consultation with other Federal agencies and the private sector, shall conduct a crosscutting research and development program (referred to in this section as the “program”) on technologies relating to the production, processing, purification, distribution, storage, and use of hydrogen energy, fuel cells, and related infrastructure.
42 U.S.C. § 16154(c)

Go to provision →

(c) In carrying out activities under this section, the Secretary shall focus on factors that are common to the development of hydrogen infrastructure and the supply of vehicle and electric power for critical consumer and commercial applications, and that achieve continuous technical evolution and cost reduction, particularly for hydrogen production, the supply of hydrogen, storage of hydrogen, and end uses of hydrogen that—

(1) steadily increase production, distribution, and end use efficiency and reduce life-cycle emissions;

(2) resolve critical problems relating to catalysts, membranes, storage, lightweight materials, electronic controls, manufacturability, and other problems that emerge from the program;

(3) enhance sources of fossil fuels with carbon capture, utilization, and sequestration, renewable fuels, biofuels, and nuclear energy for hydrogen production; and

(4) enable widespread use of distributed electricity generation and storage.
42 U.S.C. § 16154(e)(6)(A)

Go to provision →

(A) transmission by pipelines, including retrofitting the existing natural gas transportation infrastructure system to enable a transition to transport and deliver increasing levels of clean hydrogen, clean hydrogen blends, or clean hydrogen carriers;
42 U.S.C. § 16154(f)(2)

Go to provision →

(2) For hydrogen energy and energy infrastructure, the goals of the program are to enable a commitment not later than 2015 that will lead to infrastructure by 2020 that will provide—

(A) safe and convenient refueling;

(B) improved overall efficiency;

(C) widespread availability of hydrogen from domestic energy sources through—

(i) production, with consideration of emissions levels;

(ii) delivery, including transmission by pipeline and other distribution methods for hydrogen; and

(iii) storage, including storage in surface transportation vehicles;

(D) hydrogen for fuel cells, internal combustion engines, and other energy conversion devices for portable, stationary, micro, critical needs facilities, and transportation applications; and

(E) other technologies consistent with the Department’s plan.
42 U.S.C. § 16155(b)(1)(A)

Go to provision →

(A) a safe, economical, and environmentally sound fuel infrastructure for hydrogen and hydrogen-carrier fuels, including an infrastructure that supports buses and other fleet transportation;
42 U.S.C. § 16155(b)(2)(D)

Go to provision →

(D) promote the marketplace introduction of infrastructure for hydrogen fuel vehicles; and
42 U.S.C. § 16157(a)(5)

Go to provision →

(5) address the interdependency of demand for hydrogen fuel cell applications and hydrogen fuel infrastructure;
42 U.S.C. § 16157(a)(11)

Go to provision →

(11) in accordance with any code or standards developed in a region, fund prototype, pilot fleet, and infrastructure regional hydrogen supply corridors along the interstate highway system in varied climates across the United States; and
42 U.S.C. § 16157(b)(1)(A)(ii)

Go to provision →

(ii) after 2010, add another research and development phase, as defined in subsection (c), including the vehicle and infrastructure partnerships developed under the learning demonstrations program concept of the Department; and
42 U.S.C. § 16160(a)(4)

Go to provision →

(4) progress, including progress in infrastructure, made toward achieving the goal of producing and deploying not less than—

(A) 100,000 hydrogen-fueled vehicles in the United States by 2010; and

(B) 2,500,000 hydrogen-fueled vehicles in the United States by 2020;
42 U.S.C. § 16161(a)(7)(A)

Go to provision →

(A) to develop methods that use electricity from photovoltaic devices for the onsite production of hydrogen, such that no intermediate transmission or distribution infrastructure is required or used and future demand growth may be accommodated;
42 U.S.C. § 16161(a)(7)(C)

Go to provision →

(C) to study the potential of modular photovoltaic devices for the development of a hydrogen infrastructure, the security implications of a hydrogen infrastructure, and the benefits potentially derived from a hydrogen infrastructure.
42 U.S.C. § 16161a(a)

Go to provision →

(a) In this section, the term “regional clean hydrogen hub” means a network of clean hydrogen producers, potential clean hydrogen consumers, and connective infrastructure located in close proximity.
42 U.S.C. § 16161b(a)(2)(E)

Go to provision →

(E) identifying opportunities to use, and barriers to using, existing infrastructure, including all components of the natural gas infrastructure system, the carbon dioxide pipeline infrastructure system, end-use local distribution networks, end-use power generators, LNG terminals, industrial users of natural gas, and residential and commercial consumers of natural gas, for clean hydrogen deployment;
42 U.S.C. § 16161b(a)(2)(I)

Go to provision →

(I) identifying geographic zones or regions in which clean hydrogen technologies could efficiently and economically be introduced in order to transition existing infrastructure to rely on clean hydrogen, in support of decarbonizing all relevant sectors of the economy.
42 U.S.C. § 16161c(a)(2)(A)(ii)

Go to provision →

(ii) the use of resources, including existing energy infrastructure;

Citations to §16152(5)

42 U.S.C. § 16157(a)(10)(A)

Go to provision →

(A) light-duty vehicles;

Citations to §16152(6)

42 U.S.C. § 16154(a)

Go to provision →

(a) The Secretary, in consultation with other Federal agencies and the private sector, shall conduct a crosscutting research and development program (referred to in this section as the “program”) on technologies relating to the production, processing, purification, distribution, storage, and use of hydrogen energy, fuel cells, and related infrastructure.
42 U.S.C. § 16154(c)

Go to provision →

(c) In carrying out activities under this section, the Secretary shall focus on factors that are common to the development of hydrogen infrastructure and the supply of vehicle and electric power for critical consumer and commercial applications, and that achieve continuous technical evolution and cost reduction, particularly for hydrogen production, the supply of hydrogen, storage of hydrogen, and end uses of hydrogen that—

(1) steadily increase production, distribution, and end use efficiency and reduce life-cycle emissions;

(2) resolve critical problems relating to catalysts, membranes, storage, lightweight materials, electronic controls, manufacturability, and other problems that emerge from the program;

(3) enhance sources of fossil fuels with carbon capture, utilization, and sequestration, renewable fuels, biofuels, and nuclear energy for hydrogen production; and

(4) enable widespread use of distributed electricity generation and storage.
42 U.S.C. § 16154(c)(2)

Go to provision →

(2) resolve critical problems relating to catalysts, membranes, storage, lightweight materials, electronic controls, manufacturability, and other problems that emerge from the program;
42 U.S.C. § 16154(c)(4)

Go to provision →

(4) enable widespread use of distributed electricity generation and storage.
42 U.S.C. § 16154(e)(7)(B)

Go to provision →

(B) energy storage, electric propulsion, and hybrid systems;
42 U.S.C. § 16154(e)(8)

Go to provision →

(8) storage of hydrogen or hydrogen-carrier fuels, including the development of materials for safe and economic storage in gaseous, liquid, or solid form;
42 U.S.C. § 16154(f)(2)(C)(iii)

Go to provision →

(iii) storage, including storage in surface transportation vehicles;
42 U.S.C. § 16154(f)(2)(D)

Go to provision →

(D) hydrogen for fuel cells, internal combustion engines, and other energy conversion devices for portable, stationary, micro, critical needs facilities, and transportation applications; and
42 U.S.C. § 16154(f)(3)

Go to provision →

(3) The goals for fuel cells and their portable, stationary, and transportation applications are to enable—

(A) safe, economical, and environmentally sound hydrogen fuel cells;

(B) fuel cells for light duty and other vehicles; and

(C) other technologies consistent with the Department’s plan.
42 U.S.C. § 16154(h)

Go to provision →

(h) There are authorized to be appropriated to carry out projects and activities relating to hydrogen production, storage, distribution and dispensing, transport, education and coordination, and technology transfer under this section—

(1) $160,000,000 for fiscal year 2006;

(2) $200,000,000 for fiscal year 2007;

(3) $220,000,000 for fiscal year 2008;

(4) $230,000,000 for fiscal year 2009;

(5) $250,000,000 for fiscal year 2010; and

(6) such sums as are necessary for each of fiscal years 2011 through 2020.
42 U.S.C. § 16155(b)(1)(B)

Go to provision →

(B) fuel cells in government and other applications, including portable, stationary, and transportation applications;
42 U.S.C. § 16155(b)(2)(B)

Go to provision →

(B) develop and maintain an inventory and assessment of hydrogen, fuel cells, and other advanced technologies, including the commercial capability of each technology for the economic and environmentally safe production, distribution, delivery, storage, and use of hydrogen;
42 U.S.C. § 16156(c)(2)

Go to provision →

(2) the safety, economical, and environmental consequences of technologies for the production, distribution, delivery, storage, or use of hydrogen energy and fuel cells; and
42 U.S.C. § 16157(a)(4)

Go to provision →

(4) include vehicle, portable, and stationary demonstrations of fuel cell and hydrogen-based energy technologies;
42 U.S.C. § 16157(a)(10)

Go to provision →

(10) carry out a program to demonstrate developmental hydrogen and fuel cell systems for mobile, portable, and stationary uses, using improved versions of the learning demonstrations program concept of the Department including demonstrations involving—

(A) light-duty vehicles;

(B) heavy-duty vehicles;

(C) fleet vehicles;

(D) specialty industrial and farm vehicles; and

(E) commercial and residential portable, continuous, and backup electric power generation;
42 U.S.C. § 16157(a)(10)(E)

Go to provision →

(E) commercial and residential portable, continuous, and backup electric power generation;
42 U.S.C. § 16157(b)(1)(B)(ii)

Go to provision →

(ii) integrates energy or applications described in clause (i), such as stationary, portable, micro, and mobile fuel cells, into a high-density commercial or residential building complex or agricultural community; and
42 U.S.C. § 16157(c)(1)

Go to provision →

(1) after 2008 for stationary and portable applications, and after 2010 for vehicles, identify new requirements that refine technological concepts, planning, and applications; and
42 U.S.C. § 16158(a)

Go to provision →

(a) The Secretary, in cooperation with the Task Force, shall provide grants to, or offer to enter into contracts with, such professional organizations, public service organizations, and government agencies as the Secretary determines appropriate to support timely and extensive development of safety codes and standards relating to fuel cell vehicles, hydrogen energy systems, and stationary, portable, and micro fuel cells.
42 U.S.C. § 16161a(b)(2)

Go to provision →

(2) demonstrate the production, processing, delivery, storage, and end-use of clean hydrogen; and
42 U.S.C. § 16161a(c)(4)

Go to provision →

(4) The Secretary may make grants to each regional clean hydrogen hub selected under paragraph (2) to accelerate commercialization of, and demonstrate the production, processing, delivery, storage, and end-use of, clean hydrogen.
42 U.S.C. § 16161b(a)(1)

Go to provision →

(1) In carrying out the programs established under sections 16154 and 16161a of this title, the Secretary, in consultation with the heads of relevant offices of the Department, shall develop a technologically and economically feasible national strategy and roadmap to facilitate widescale production, processing, delivery, storage, and use of clean hydrogen.
42 U.S.C. § 16161b(a)(2)(C)(i)

Go to provision →

(i) economic opportunities for the production, processing, transport, storage, and use of clean hydrogen that exist in the major shale natural gas-producing regions of the United States;
42 U.S.C. § 16161b(a)(2)(C)(ii)

Go to provision →

(ii) economic opportunities for the production, processing, transport, storage, and use of clean hydrogen that exist for merchant nuclear power plants operating in deregulated markets; and
42 U.S.C. § 16161b(a)(2)(F)

Go to provision →

(F) identifying the needs for and barriers and pathways to developing clean hydrogen hubs (including, where appropriate, clean hydrogen hubs coupled with carbon capture, utilization, and storage hubs) that—

(i) are regionally dispersed across the United States and can leverage natural gas to the maximum extent practicable;

(ii) can demonstrate the efficient production, processing, delivery, and use of clean hydrogen;

(iii) include transportation corridors and modes of transportation, including transportation of clean hydrogen by pipeline and rail and through ports; and

(iv) where appropriate, could serve as joint clean hydrogen and carbon capture, utilization, and storage hubs;
42 U.S.C. § 16161b(a)(2)(F)(iv)

Go to provision →

(iv) where appropriate, could serve as joint clean hydrogen and carbon capture, utilization, and storage hubs;
42 U.S.C. § 16161b(a)(2)(H)

Go to provision →

(H) identifying the appropriate points of interaction between and among Federal agencies involved in the production, processing, delivery, storage, and use of clean hydrogen and clarifying the responsibilities of those Federal agencies, and potential regulatory obstacles and recommendations for modifications, in order to support the deployment of clean hydrogen; and
42 U.S.C. § 16161c(a)(1)

Go to provision →

(1) In carrying out the programs established under sections 16154 and 16161a of this title, the Secretary shall award multiyear grants to, and enter into contracts, cooperative agreements, or any other agreements authorized under this Act or other Federal law with, eligible entities (as determined by the Secretary) for research, development, and demonstration projects to advance new clean hydrogen production, processing, delivery, storage, and use equipment manufacturing technologies and techniques.
42 U.S.C. § 16161c(b)(1)(C)

Go to provision →

(C) addressing any barriers to the research, development, demonstration, and commercialization of technologies and processes for the disassembly and recycling of devices used for clean hydrogen production, processing, delivery, storage, and use;
42 U.S.C. § 16161d(e)(8)

Go to provision →

(8) clean hydrogen storage technologies;
42 U.S.C. § 16161d(e)(9)(B)

Go to provision →

(B) clean hydrogen storage; and
42 U.S.C. § 16161d(e)(10)

Go to provision →

(10) integrated systems that combine hydrogen production with renewable power or nuclear power generation technologies, including hybrid systems with hydrogen storage.
42 U.S.C. § 16162(4)

Go to provision →

(4) assess technical and commercial viability of technologies relating to the production, distribution, storage, and use of hydrogen energy and fuel cells.

Citations to §16152(7)

42 U.S.C. § 16155(a)

Go to provision →

(a) Not later than 120 days after August 8, 2005, the President shall establish an interagency task force chaired by the Secretary with representatives from each of the following:

(1) The Office of Science and Technology Policy within the Executive Office of the President.

(2) The Department of Transportation.

(3) The Department of Defense.

(4) The Department of Commerce (including the National Institute of Standards and Technology).

(5) The Department of State.

(6) The Environmental Protection Agency.

(7) The National Aeronautics and Space Administration.

(8) Other Federal agencies as the Secretary determines appropriate.
42 U.S.C. § 16155(b)(1)

Go to provision →

(1) The Task Force shall work toward—

(A) a safe, economical, and environmentally sound fuel infrastructure for hydrogen and hydrogen-carrier fuels, including an infrastructure that supports buses and other fleet transportation;

(B) fuel cells in government and other applications, including portable, stationary, and transportation applications;

(C) distributed power generation, including the generation of combined heat, power, and clean fuels including hydrogen;

(D) uniform hydrogen codes, standards, and safety protocols; and

(E) vehicle hydrogen fuel system integrity safety performance.
42 U.S.C. § 16155(b)(2)

Go to provision →

(2) The Task Force may organize workshops and conferences, may issue publications, and may create databases to carry out its duties. The Task Force shall—

(A) foster the exchange of generic, nonproprietary information and technology among industry, academia, and government;

(B) develop and maintain an inventory and assessment of hydrogen, fuel cells, and other advanced technologies, including the commercial capability of each technology for the economic and environmentally safe production, distribution, delivery, storage, and use of hydrogen;

(C) integrate technical and other information made available as a result of the programs and activities under this subchapter;

(D) promote the marketplace introduction of infrastructure for hydrogen fuel vehicles; and

(E) conduct an education program to provide hydrogen and fuel cell information to potential end-users.
42 U.S.C. § 16155(c)

Go to provision →

(c) The heads of all agencies, including those whose agencies are not represented on the Task Force, shall cooperate with and furnish information to the Task Force, the Technical Advisory Committee, and the Department.
42 U.S.C. § 16157(c)

Go to provision →

(c) In carrying out the demonstrations under subsection (a), the Secretary, in consultation with the Task Force and the Technical Advisory Committee, shall—

(1) after 2008 for stationary and portable applications, and after 2010 for vehicles, identify new requirements that refine technological concepts, planning, and applications; and

(2) during the second phase of the learning demonstrations under subsection (b)(1)(A)(ii), redesign subsequent program work to incorporate those requirements.
42 U.S.C. § 16158(a)

Go to provision →

(a) The Secretary, in cooperation with the Task Force, shall provide grants to, or offer to enter into contracts with, such professional organizations, public service organizations, and government agencies as the Secretary determines appropriate to support timely and extensive development of safety codes and standards relating to fuel cell vehicles, hydrogen energy systems, and stationary, portable, and micro fuel cells.

Citations to §16152(8)

42 U.S.C. § 16155(c)

Go to provision →

(c) The heads of all agencies, including those whose agencies are not represented on the Task Force, shall cooperate with and furnish information to the Task Force, the Technical Advisory Committee, and the Department.
42 U.S.C. § 16156(b)(1)

Go to provision →

(1) The Technical Advisory Committee shall be comprised of not fewer than 12 nor more than 25 members. The members shall be appointed by the Secretary to represent domestic industry, academia, professional societies, government agencies, Federal laboratories, previous advisory panels, and financial, environmental, and other appropriate organizations based on the Department’s assessment of the technical and other qualifications of Technical Advisory Committee members and the needs of the Technical Advisory Committee.
42 U.S.C. § 16156(b)(2)

Go to provision →

(2) The term of a member of the Technical Advisory Committee shall not be more than 3 years. The Secretary may appoint members of the Technical Advisory Committee in a manner that allows the terms of the members serving at any time to expire at spaced intervals so as to ensure continuity in the functioning of the Technical Advisory Committee. A member of the Technical Advisory Committee whose term is expiring may be reappointed.
42 U.S.C. § 16156(b)(3)

Go to provision →

(3) The Technical Advisory Committee shall have a chairperson, who shall be elected by the members from among their number.
42 U.S.C. § 16156(c)

Go to provision →

(c) The Technical Advisory Committee shall review and make recommendations to the Secretary on—

(1) the implementation of programs and activities under this subchapter;

(2) the safety, economical, and environmental consequences of technologies for the production, distribution, delivery, storage, or use of hydrogen energy and fuel cells; and

(3) the plan under section 16153 of this title.
42 U.S.C. § 16156(d)(1)

Go to provision →

(1) The Secretary shall consider, but need not adopt, any recommendations of the Technical Advisory Committee under subsection (c).
42 U.S.C. § 16156(d)(2)

Go to provision →

(2) The Secretary shall transmit a biennial report to Congress describing any recommendations made by the Technical Advisory Committee since the previous report. The report shall include a description of how the Secretary has implemented or plans to implement the recommendations, or an explanation of the reasons that a recommendation will not be implemented. The report shall be transmitted along with the President’s budget proposal.
42 U.S.C. § 16156(e)

Go to provision →

(e) The Secretary shall provide resources necessary in the judgment of the Secretary for the Technical Advisory Committee to carry out its responsibilities under this subchapter.
42 U.S.C. § 16157(c)

Go to provision →

(c) In carrying out the demonstrations under subsection (a), the Secretary, in consultation with the Task Force and the Technical Advisory Committee, shall—

(1) after 2008 for stationary and portable applications, and after 2010 for vehicles, identify new requirements that refine technological concepts, planning, and applications; and

(2) during the second phase of the learning demonstrations under subsection (b)(1)(A)(ii), redesign subsequent program work to incorporate those requirements.