§6445. Description of Presidential actions — Inbound Citations
22 U.S.C. § 6445
Cited by 18 provisions in release 119-102.
Citations to 22 U.S.C. § 6445 as a whole
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(B) to update the actions the President can take under section 405 of the International Religious Freedom Act of 1998 (22 U.S.C. 6445);
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(2) because the promotion of religious freedom is an important interest of United States foreign policy, the President, the Secretary of State, and other executive branch officials, in consultation with Congress, should seek to find ways to address existing violations, on a case-by-case basis, through the actions described in section 6445 of this title or other commensurate substitute action.
Citations to §6445(a)
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(B) in the case of any determination made with respect to the taking of President1 action under paragraphs (9) through (15) of section 6445(a) of this title, the term includes the committees described in subparagraph (A) and, where appropriate, the Committee on Banking and Financial Services of the House of Representatives and the Committee on Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs of the Senate.
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(A) take one or more of the actions described in paragraphs (1) through (15) of section 6445(a) of this title (or commensurate action in substitution thereto) with respect to such country; or
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(2) Not later than September 1 of each year, the President shall take action under any of paragraphs (1) through (15) of section 6445(a) of this title (or commensurate action in substitution thereto) with respect to each foreign country the government of which has engaged in or tolerated violations of religious freedom at any time since September 1 of the preceding year, except that in the case of action under any of paragraphs (9) through (15) of section 6445(a) of this title (or commensurate action in substitution thereto)—(A) the action may only be taken after the requirements of sections 6443 and 6444 of this title have been satisfied; and(B) the September 1 limitation shall not apply.
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(3) The President may delay action under paragraph (2) described in any of paragraphs (9) through (15) of section 6445(a) of this title (or commensurate action in substitution thereto) if he determines and certifies to Congress that a single, additional period of time, not to exceed 90 days, is necessary pursuant to the same provisions applying to countries of particular concern for religious freedom under section 6442(c)(3) of this title.
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(2) In addition to the guidelines under paragraph (1), the President, in determining whether to take a Presidential action under paragraphs (9) through (15) of section 6445(a) of this title (or commensurate action in substitution thereto), shall seek to minimize any adverse impact on—(A) the population of the country whose government is targeted by the Presidential action or actions; and(B) the humanitarian activities of United States and foreign nongovernmental organizations in such country.
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(A) One or more of the Presidential actions described in paragraphs (9) through (15) of section 6445(a) of this title, as determined by the President.
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(a) As soon as practicable after the President decides to take action under section 6441 of this title in response to violations of religious freedom and the President decides to take action under paragraphs (9) through (15) of section 6445(a) of this title (or commensurate action in substitution thereto) with respect to that country, or not later than 90 days after the President designates a country as a country of particular concern for religious freedom under section 6442 of this title, as the case may be, the President shall carry out the consultations required in this section.
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(a) Subject to subsection (b), not later than 90 days after the President decides to take action under section 6441 of this title in response to violations of religious freedom and the President decides to take action under paragraphs (9) through (15) of section 6445(a) of this title (or commensurate action in substitution thereto) with respect to that country, or not later than 90 days after the President designates a country as a country of particular concern for religious freedom under section 6442 of this title, as the case may be, the President shall submit a report to Congress containing the following:(1) An identification of the Presidential action or actions described in paragraphs (9) through (15) of section 6445(a) of this title (or commensurate action in substitution thereto) to be taken with respect to the foreign country.(2) A description of the violations giving rise to the Presidential action or actions to be taken.(3) A description of the purpose of the Presidential action or actions.(A) An evaluation, in consultation with the Secretary of State, the Ambassador at Large, the Commission, the Special Adviser, the parties described in section 6443(c) and (d) of this title, and whoever else the President deems appropriate, of—(i) the impact upon the foreign government;(ii) the impact upon the population of the country;(iii) the impact upon the United States economy and other interested parties; and(iv) the impact on the advancement of United States interests in democracy, human rights, and security, and a description of policy tools being applied in the country, including programs that target democratic stability, economic growth, and counterterrorism.(B) The President may withhold part or all of such evaluation from the public but shall provide the entire evaluation to Congress.(5) A statement that noneconomic policy options designed to bring about cessation of the particularly severe violations of religious freedom have reasonably been exhausted, including the consultations required in section 6443 of this title.(6) A description of multilateral negotiations sought or carried out, if appropriate and applicable.
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(1) An identification of the Presidential action or actions described in paragraphs (9) through (15) of section 6445(a) of this title (or commensurate action in substitution thereto) to be taken with respect to the foreign country.
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(a) Subject to subsection (c), the President may waive, for a single, 180-day period, the application of any of the actions described in paragraphs (9) through (15) of section 6445(a) of this title (or commensurate action in substitution thereto) with respect to a country, if the President determines and so reports to the appropriate congressional committees that—(1) the exercise of such waiver authority would further the purposes of this chapter; or(2) the important national interest of the United States requires the exercise of such waiver authority.
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(b) Subject to subsection (c), the President may waive, for any additional specified period of time after the 180-day period described in subsection (a), the application of any of the actions described in paragraphs (9) through (15) of section 6445(a) of this title (or a commensurate substitute action) with respect to a country, if the President determines and reports to the appropriate congressional committees that—(1) the respective foreign government has ceased the violations giving rise to the Presidential action; or(2) the important national interest of the United States requires the exercise of such waiver authority.
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(1) ongoing and persistent waivers of the application of any of the actions described in paragraphs (9) through (15) of section 6445(a) of this title (or commensurate substitute action) with respect to a country do not fulfill the purposes of this chapter; and
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(2) A description of any Presidential action under paragraphs (9) through (15) of section 6445(a) of this title (or commensurate action in substitution thereto) and the effective date of the Presidential action.
Citations to §6445(b)
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(4) The term “commensurate action” means action taken by the President under section 6445(b) of this title.
Citations to §6445(c)
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(B) negotiate and enter into a binding agreement with the government of such country, as described in section 6445(c) of this title.
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(A) In lieu of carrying out action under paragraph (1), the President may conclude a binding agreement with the respective foreign government as described in section 6445(c) of this title. The existence of a binding agreement under this paragraph with a foreign government may be considered by the President prior to making any determination or taking any action under this subchapter.