§7546. Definitions — Inbound Citations
20 U.S.C. § 7546
Cited by 84 provisions in release 119-102.
Citations to 20 U.S.C. § 7546 as a whole
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(1) the term “Alaska Native” has the meaning given the term in section 7546 of this title;
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(A) Alaska Natives, as defined in section 7546 of this title;
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(1) The term “Alaska Native” has the meaning given such term in section 7546 of this title.
Citations to §7546(1)
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(4) coordinate and integrate services provided under this part with other educational services at the local educational agency or individual school level, such as services for English learners, children with disabilities, migratory children, American Indian, Alaska Native, and Native Hawaiian children, and homeless children and youths, in order to increase program effectiveness, eliminate duplication, and reduce fragmentation of the instructional program;
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(a) For the purpose of carrying out programs under this part for individuals served by elementary schools, secondary schools, and postsecondary schools operated predominately for Native American children (including Alaska Native children), the following shall be considered to be an eligible entity:(1) An Indian tribe.(2) A tribally sanctioned educational authority.(3) A Native Hawaiian or Native American Pacific Islander native language educational organization.(4) An elementary school or secondary school that is operated or funded by the Bureau of Indian Education, or a consortium of such schools.(5) An elementary school or secondary school operated under a contract with or grant from the Bureau of Indian Education, in consortium with another such school or a tribal or community organization.(6) An elementary school or secondary school operated by the Bureau of Indian Education and an institution of higher education, in consortium with an elementary school or secondary school operated under a contract with or grant from the Bureau of Indian Education or a tribal or community organization.
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(3) A Native Hawaiian or Native American Pacific Islander native language educational organization.
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(6) The term “Indian tribe” means any Indian tribe, band, nation, or other organized group or community, including any Native village or Regional Corporation or Village Corporation as defined in or established pursuant to the Alaska Native Claims Settlement Act [43 U.S.C. 1601 et seq.], that is recognized as eligible for the special programs and services provided by the United States to Indians because of their status as Indians.
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(D) programs designed to train traditional leaders and cultural experts to assist those personnel referenced in subsection (a)(2), as appropriate, with relevant Native language and cultural mentoring, guidance, and support.
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(1) to establish a grant program to support schools that use Native American and Alaska Native languages as the primary language of instruction;
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(2) to maintain, protect, and promote the rights and freedom of Native Americans and Alaska Natives to use, practice, maintain, and revitalize their languages, as envisioned in the Native American Languages Act (25 U.S.C. 2901 et seq.); and
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(3) to support the Nation’s First Peoples’ efforts to maintain and revitalize their languages and cultures, and to improve educational opportunities and student outcomes within Native American and Alaska Native communities.
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(1) From funds reserved under section 7492(c) of this title, the Secretary shall reserve 20 percent to make grants to eligible entities to develop and maintain, or to improve and expand, programs that support schools, including elementary school and secondary school education sites and streams, using Native American and Alaska Native languages as the primary languages of instruction.
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(2) In this subsection, the term “eligible entity” means any of the following entities that has a plan to develop and maintain, or to improve and expand, programs that support the entity’s use of a Native American or Alaska Native language as the primary language of instruction in elementary schools or secondary schools, or both:(A) An Indian tribe.(B) A Tribal College or University (as defined in section 1059c of this title).(C) A tribal education agency.(D) A local educational agency, including a public charter school that is a local educational agency under State law.(E) A school operated by the Bureau of Indian Education.(F) An Alaska Native Regional Corporation (as described in section 1602(g) of title 43).(G) A private, tribal, or Alaska Native nonprofit organization.(H) A nontribal for-profit organization.
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(F) An Alaska Native Regional Corporation (as described in section 1602(g) of title 43).
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(G) A private, tribal, or Alaska Native nonprofit organization.
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(A) The name of the Native American or Alaska Native language to be used for instruction at the school supported by the eligible entity.
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(C) The number of hours of instruction in or through 1 or more Native American or Alaska Native languages being provided to targeted students at such school, if any.
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(ii) the school provides assessments of students using the Native American or Alaska Native language of instruction, where possible;
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(iii) the qualifications of all instructional and leadership personnel at such school is sufficient to deliver high-quality education through the Native American or Alaska Native language used in the school; and
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(i) the school or organization has the capacity to provide education primarily through a Native American or an Alaska Native language; and
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(iii) An Alaska Native Regional Corporation or an Alaska Native nonprofit organization.
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(A) Supporting Native American or Alaska Native language education and development.
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(B) Creating or refining assessments written in the Native American or Alaska Native language of instruction that measure student proficiency and that are aligned with State or tribal academic standards.
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(C) Carrying out other activities that promote the maintenance and revitalization of the Native American or Alaska Native language relevant to the grant program.
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(2) the number of children served by the program and the number of instructional hours in the Native American or Alaska Native language.
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(2) staffing the center with individuals with relevant expertise and experience, including staff who speak American Indian and Alaska Native languages and the Native Hawaiian language and have worked in language education in the American Indian and Alaska Native languages and the Native Hawaiian language in a preschool, elementary school, secondary school, adult education, or higher education program.
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(D) an Eskimo, Aleut, or other Alaska Native; or
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(8) Through the enactment of the Hawaiian Homes Commission Act, 1920, Congress affirmed the special relationship between the United States and the Native Hawaiians, which was described by then Secretary of the Interior Franklin K. Lane, who said: “One thing that impressed me . . . was the fact that the natives of the island who are our wards, I should say, and for whom in a sense we are trustees, are falling off rapidly in numbers and many of them are in poverty.”.
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(D) the political status of Native Hawaiians is comparable to that of American Indians and Alaska Natives; and
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(G) the American Indian, Alaska Native, and Native Hawaiian Culture and Art Development Act (20 U.S.C. 4401 et seq.);
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This part may be cited as the “Alaska Native Educational Equity, Support, and Assistance Act”.
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(1) It is the policy of the Federal Government to maximize the leadership of and participation by Alaska Natives in the planning and the management of Alaska Native education programs and to support efforts developed by and undertaken within the Alaska Native community to improve educational opportunity for all students.
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(2) Many Alaska Native children enter and exit school with serious educational disadvantages.
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(3) Overcoming the magnitude of the geographic challenges, historical inequities, and other barriers to successfully improving educational outcomes for Alaska Native students in rural, village, and urban settings is challenging. Significant disparities between academic achievement of Alaska Native students and non-Native students continue, including lower graduation rates, increased school dropout rates, and lower achievement scores on standardized tests.
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(4) The preservation of Alaska Native cultures and languages and the integration of Alaska Native cultures and languages into education, positive identity development for Alaska Native students, and local, place-based, and culture-based programming are critical to the attainment of educational success and the long-term well-being of Alaska Native students.
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(5) Improving educational outcomes for Alaska Native students increases access to employment opportunities.
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(6) The Federal Government should lend support to efforts developed by and undertaken within the Alaska Native community to improve educational opportunity for Alaska Native students. In 1983, pursuant to Public Law 98–63, Alaska ceased to receive educational funding from the Bureau of Indian Affairs. The Bureau of Indian Education does not operate any schools in Alaska, nor operate or fund Alaska Native education programs. The program under this part supports the Federal trust responsibility of the United States to Alaska Natives.
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(1) To recognize and address the unique educational needs of Alaska Natives.
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(2) To recognize the role of Alaska Native languages and cultures in the educational success and long-term well-being of Alaska Native students.
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(3) To integrate Alaska Native cultures and languages into education, develop Alaska Native students’ positive identity, and support local place-based and culture-based curriculum and programming.
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(4) To authorize the development, management, and expansion of effective supplemental educational programs to benefit Alaska Natives.
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(5) To provide direction and guidance to appropriate Federal, State and local agencies to focus resources, including resources made available under this part, on meeting the educational needs of Alaska Natives.
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(6) To ensure the maximum participation by Alaska Native educators and leaders in the planning, development, implementation, management, and evaluation of programs designed to serve Alaska Native students.
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(C) an entity located in Alaska, and predominately governed by Alaska Natives, that does not meet the definition of an Alaska Native organization under this part but—(i) has experience operating programs that fulfill the purposes of this part; and(ii) is granted an official charter or sanction, as described in the definition of a tribal organization under section 5304 of title 25, from at least one Alaska Native tribe or Alaska Native organization to carry out programs that meet the purposes of this part.
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(ii) is granted an official charter or sanction, as described in the definition of a tribal organization under section 5304 of title 25, from at least one Alaska Native tribe or Alaska Native organization to carry out programs that meet the purposes of this part.
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(A) The development and implementation of plans, methods, strategies, and activities to improve the educational outcomes of Alaska Natives.
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(A) The development of curricula and programs that address the educational needs of Alaska Native students, including the following:(i) Curriculum materials that are culturally informed and reflect the cultural diversity, languages, history, or the contributions of Alaska Native people, including curricula intended to preserve and promote Alaska Native culture.(ii) Instructional programs that make use of Alaska Native languages and cultures.(iii) Networks that develop, test, and disseminate best practices and introduce successful programs, materials, and techniques to meet the educational needs of Alaska Native students in urban and rural schools.
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(i) Curriculum materials that are culturally informed and reflect the cultural diversity, languages, history, or the contributions of Alaska Native people, including curricula intended to preserve and promote Alaska Native culture.
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(ii) Instructional programs that make use of Alaska Native languages and cultures.
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(iii) Networks that develop, test, and disseminate best practices and introduce successful programs, materials, and techniques to meet the educational needs of Alaska Native students in urban and rural schools.
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(i) Pre-service and in-service training and professional development programs to prepare teachers to develop appreciation for, and understanding of, Alaska Native history, cultures, values, and ways of knowing and learning in order to effectively address the cultural diversity and unique needs of Alaska Native students and improve the teaching methods of educators.
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(ii) Recruitment and preparation of Alaska Native teachers.
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(iii) Programs that will lead to the certification and licensing of Alaska Native teachers, principals, other school leaders, and superintendents.
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(C) Early childhood and parenting education activities designed to improve the school readiness of Alaska Native children, including—(i) the development and operation of home visiting programs for Alaska Native preschool children, to ensure the active involvement of parents in their children’s education from the earliest ages;(ii) training, education, and support, including in-home visitation, for parents and caregivers of Alaska Native children to improve parenting and caregiving skills (including skills relating to discipline and cognitive development, reading readiness, observation, storytelling, and critical thinking);(iii) family literacy services;(iv) activities carried out under the Head Start Act (42 U.S.C. 9831 et seq.);(v) programs for parents and their infants, from the prenatal period of the infant through age 3;(vi) early childhood education programs; and(vii) native language immersion within early childhood education programs, Head Start, or preschool programs.
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(i) the development and operation of home visiting programs for Alaska Native preschool children, to ensure the active involvement of parents in their children’s education from the earliest ages;
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(ii) training, education, and support, including in-home visitation, for parents and caregivers of Alaska Native children to improve parenting and caregiving skills (including skills relating to discipline and cognitive development, reading readiness, observation, storytelling, and critical thinking);
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(vii) native language immersion within early childhood education programs, Head Start, or preschool programs.
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(i) are designed to prepare Alaska Native students to excel in such subjects;
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(iii) include activities that recognize and support the unique cultural and educational needs of Alaska Native children and incorporate appropriately qualified Alaska Native elders and other tradition bearers.
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(E) Research and data collection activities to determine the educational status and needs of Alaska Native children and adults and other such research and evaluation activities related to programs funded under this part.
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(F) Activities designed to enable Alaska Native students served under this part to meet the challenging State academic standards or increase the graduation rates of Alaska Native students, such as—(i) remedial and enrichment programs;(ii) culturally based education programs, such as—(I) programs of study and other instruction in Alaska Native history and ways of living to share the rich and diverse cultures of Alaska Natives among Alaska Native youth and elders, non-Native students and teachers, and the larger community;(II) instructing Alaska Native youth in leadership, communication, and Alaska Native culture, arts, history, and languages;(III) intergenerational learning and internship opportunities to Alaska Native youth and young adults;(IV) providing cultural immersion activities aimed at Alaska Native cultural preservation;(V) native language instruction and immersion activities, including native language immersion nests or schools;(VI) school-within-a-school model programs; and(VII) preparation for postsecondary education and career planning; and(iii) comprehensive school or community-based support services, including services that—(I) address family instability and trauma; and(II) improve conditions for learning at home, in the community, and at school.
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(I) programs of study and other instruction in Alaska Native history and ways of living to share the rich and diverse cultures of Alaska Natives among Alaska Native youth and elders, non-Native students and teachers, and the larger community;
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(II) instructing Alaska Native youth in leadership, communication, and Alaska Native culture, arts, history, and languages;
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(III) intergenerational learning and internship opportunities to Alaska Native youth and young adults;
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(IV) providing cultural immersion activities aimed at Alaska Native cultural preservation;
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(H) Education programs for at-risk urban Alaska Native students that are designed to improve academic proficiency and graduation rates, use strategies otherwise permissible under this part, and incorporate a strong data collection and continuous evaluation component.
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(i) promote the academic progress and positive development of Alaska Native children and youth; and
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(K) Career preparation activities to enable Alaska Native children and adults to prepare for meaningful employment, including programs providing mentoring, training, and apprenticeship activities.
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(M) Regional leadership academies that demonstrate effectiveness in building respect and understanding, and fostering a sense of Alaska Native identity in Alaska Native students to promote their pursuit of and success in completing higher education or career training.
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(N) Other activities, consistent with the purposes of this part, to meet the educational needs of Alaska Native children and adults.
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(III) conveyed at any time under the Alaska Native Claims Settlement Act [43 U.S.C. 1601 et seq.] to a Native individual, Native group, or village or regional corporation (including single family occupancy properties that may have been subsequently sold or leased to a third party), except that property that is conveyed under such Act—(aa) that is not taxed is, for the purposes of this paragraph, considered tax-exempt due to Federal law; and(bb) is considered Federal property for the purpose of this paragraph if the property is located within a Regional Educational Attendance Area that has no taxing power;
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(i) who was not born in the United States or whose native language is a language other than English;
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(I) who is a Native American or Alaska Native, or a native resident of the outlying areas; and
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(iii) who is migratory, whose native language is a language other than English, and who comes from an environment where a language other than English is dominant; and
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(a) To ensure timely and meaningful consultation on issues affecting American Indian and Alaska Native students, an affected local educational agency shall consult with appropriate officials from Indian tribes or tribal organizations approved by the tribes located in the area served by the local educational agency prior to the affected local educational agency’s submission of a required plan or application for a covered program under this chapter or for a program under subchapter VI of this chapter. Such consultation shall be done in a manner and in such time that provides the opportunity for such appropriate officials from Indian tribes or tribal organizations to meaningfully and substantively contribute to such plan.
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(A) with an enrollment of American Indian or Alaska Native students that is not less than 50 percent of the total enrollment of the local educational agency; or
Citations to §7546(2)
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(A) Alaska Native organizations with experience operating programs that fulfill the purposes of this part;
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(B) Alaska Native organizations that do not have the experience described in subparagraph (A) but are in partnership with—(i) a State educational agency or a local educational agency; or(ii) an Alaska Native organization that operates a program that fulfills the purposes of this part;
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(ii) an Alaska Native organization that operates a program that fulfills the purposes of this part;
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(C) an entity located in Alaska, and predominately governed by Alaska Natives, that does not meet the definition of an Alaska Native organization under this part but—(i) has experience operating programs that fulfill the purposes of this part; and(ii) is granted an official charter or sanction, as described in the definition of a tribal organization under section 5304 of title 25, from at least one Alaska Native tribe or Alaska Native organization to carry out programs that meet the purposes of this part.
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(ii) is granted an official charter or sanction, as described in the definition of a tribal organization under section 5304 of title 25, from at least one Alaska Native tribe or Alaska Native organization to carry out programs that meet the purposes of this part.