§2662. Definitions — Inbound Citations

Citations to §2662(3)

• 15 U.S.C. § 2661

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  The national long-term goal of the United States with respect to radon levels in buildings is that the air within buildings in the United States should be as free of radon as the ambient air outside of buildings.
• 15 U.S.C. § 2663(a)

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  (a) In order to make continuous progress toward the long-term goal established in section 2661 of this title, the Administrator of the Environmental Protection Agency shall, not later than June 1, 1989, publish and make available to the public an updated version of its document titled “A Citizen’s Guide to Radon”. The Administrator shall revise and republish the guide as necessary thereafter.
• 15 U.S.C. § 2663(b)(1)

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  (1) The updated citizen’s guide published as provided in subsection (a) shall include a description of a series of action levels indicating the health risk associated with different levels of radon exposure.
• 15 U.S.C. § 2663(b)(2)(A)

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  (A) The increased health risk associated with the exposure of potentially sensitive populations to different levels of radon.
• 15 U.S.C. § 2663(b)(2)(B)

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  (B) The increased health risk associated with the exposure to radon of persons engaged in potentially risk-increasing behavior.
• 15 U.S.C. § 2663(b)(2)(C)

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  (C) The cost and technological feasibility of reducing radon concentrations within existing and new buildings.
• 15 U.S.C. § 2663(b)(2)(E)

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  (E) Outdoor radon levels around the country.
• 15 U.S.C. § 2664

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  The Administrator of the Environmental Protection Agency shall develop model construction standards and techniques for controlling radon levels within new buildings. To the maximum extent possible, these standards and techniques should be developed with the assistance of organizations involved in establishing national building construction standards and techniques. The Administrator shall make a draft of the document containing the model standards and techniques available for public review and comment. The model standards and techniques shall provide for geographic differences in construction types and materials, geology, weather, and other variables that may affect radon levels in new buildings. The Administrator shall make final model standards and techniques available to the public by June 1, 1990. The Administrator shall work to ensure that organizations responsible for developing national model building codes, and authorities which regulate building construction within States or political subdivisions within States, adopt the Agency’s model standards and techniques.
• 15 U.S.C. § 2665(a)

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  (a) The Administrator (or another Federal department or agency designated by the Administrator) shall develop and implement activities designed to assist State radon programs. These activities may include, but are not limited to, the following:

  (1) Establishment of a clearinghouse of radon related information, including mitigation studies, public information materials, surveys of radon levels, and other relevant information.

  (2) Operation of a voluntary proficiency program for rating the effectiveness of radon measurement devices and methods, the effectiveness of radon mitigation devices and methods, and the effectiveness of private firms and individuals offering radon-related architecture, design, engineering, measurement, and mitigation services. The proficiency program under this subparagraph shall be in operation within one year after October 28, 1988.

  (3) Design and implementation of training seminars for State and local officials and private and professional firms dealing with radon and addressing topics such as monitoring, analysis, mitigation, health effects, public information, and program design.

  (4) Publication of public information materials concerning radon health risks and methods of radon mitigation.

  (5) Operation of cooperative projects between the Environmental Protection Agency’s Radon Action Program and the State’s radon program. Such projects shall include the Home Evaluation Program, in which the Environmental Protection Agency evaluates homes and States demonstrate mitigation methods in these homes. To the maximum extent practicable, consistent with the objectives of the evaluation and demonstration, homes of low-income persons should be selected for evaluation and demonstration.

  (6) Demonstration of radon mitigation methods in various types of structures and in various geographic settings and publication of findings. In the case of demonstration of such methods in homes, the Administrator should select homes of low-income persons, to the maximum extent practicable and consistent with the objectives of the demonstration.

  (7) Establishment of a national data base with data organized by State concerning the location and amounts of radon.

  (8) Development and demonstration of methods of radon measurement and mitigation that take into account unique characteristics, if any, of nonresidential buildings housing child care facilities.
• 15 U.S.C. § 2665(a)(1)

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  (1) Establishment of a clearinghouse of radon related information, including mitigation studies, public information materials, surveys of radon levels, and other relevant information.
• 15 U.S.C. § 2665(a)(2)

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  (2) Operation of a voluntary proficiency program for rating the effectiveness of radon measurement devices and methods, the effectiveness of radon mitigation devices and methods, and the effectiveness of private firms and individuals offering radon-related architecture, design, engineering, measurement, and mitigation services. The proficiency program under this subparagraph shall be in operation within one year after October 28, 1988.
• 15 U.S.C. § 2665(a)(3)

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  (3) Design and implementation of training seminars for State and local officials and private and professional firms dealing with radon and addressing topics such as monitoring, analysis, mitigation, health effects, public information, and program design.
• 15 U.S.C. § 2665(a)(4)

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  (4) Publication of public information materials concerning radon health risks and methods of radon mitigation.
• 15 U.S.C. § 2665(a)(5)

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  (5) Operation of cooperative projects between the Environmental Protection Agency’s Radon Action Program and the State’s radon program. Such projects shall include the Home Evaluation Program, in which the Environmental Protection Agency evaluates homes and States demonstrate mitigation methods in these homes. To the maximum extent practicable, consistent with the objectives of the evaluation and demonstration, homes of low-income persons should be selected for evaluation and demonstration.
• 15 U.S.C. § 2665(a)(6)

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  (6) Demonstration of radon mitigation methods in various types of structures and in various geographic settings and publication of findings. In the case of demonstration of such methods in homes, the Administrator should select homes of low-income persons, to the maximum extent practicable and consistent with the objectives of the demonstration.
• 15 U.S.C. § 2665(a)(7)

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  (7) Establishment of a national data base with data organized by State concerning the location and amounts of radon.
• 15 U.S.C. § 2665(a)(8)

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  (8) Development and demonstration of methods of radon measurement and mitigation that take into account unique characteristics, if any, of nonresidential buildings housing child care facilities.
• 15 U.S.C. § 2665(b)

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  (b) Upon request of a State, the Administrator (or another Federal department or agency designated by the Administrator) may provide technical assistance to such State in development or implementation of programs addressing radon. Such assistance may include, but is not limited to, the following:

  (1) Design and implementation of surveys of the location and occurrence of radon within a State.

  (2) Design and implementation of public information and education programs.

  (3) Design and implementation of State programs to control radon in existing or new structures.

  (4) Assessment of mitigation alternatives in unusual or unconventional structures.

  (5) Design and implementation of methods for radon measurement and mitigation for nonresidential buildings housing child care facilities.
• 15 U.S.C. § 2665(b)(1)

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  (1) Design and implementation of surveys of the location and occurrence of radon within a State.
• 15 U.S.C. § 2665(b)(3)

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  (3) Design and implementation of State programs to control radon in existing or new structures.
• 15 U.S.C. § 2665(b)(5)

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  (5) Design and implementation of methods for radon measurement and mitigation for nonresidential buildings housing child care facilities.
• 15 U.S.C. § 2665(c)

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  (c) The Administrator, or another Federal department or agency designated by the Administrator, shall provide appropriate information concerning technology and methods of radon assessment and mitigation to professional organizations representing private firms involved in building design, engineering, and construction.
• 15 U.S.C. § 2665(d)(5)

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  (5) The Administrator shall, in conjunction with other Federal agencies, conduct research to develop, test, and evaluate radon and radon progeny measurement methods and protocols. The purpose of such research shall be to assess the ability of those methods and protocols to accurately assess exposure to radon progeny. Such research shall include—

  (A) conducting comparisons among radon and radon progeny measurement techniques;

  (B) developing measurement protocols for different building types under varying operating conditions; and

  (C) comparing the exposures estimated by stationary monitors and protocols to those measured by personal monitors, and issue guidance documents that—

  (i) provide information on the results of research conducted under this paragraph; and

  (ii) describe model State radon measurement and mitigation programs.
• 15 U.S.C. § 2665(d)(5)(A)

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  (A) conducting comparisons among radon and radon progeny measurement techniques;
• 15 U.S.C. § 2665(d)(5)(C)(ii)

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  (ii) describe model State radon measurement and mitigation programs.
• 15 U.S.C. § 2665(d)(6)(A)(i)

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  (i) any product offered for sale, or device used in connection with a service offered to the public, for the measurement of radon meets minimum performance criteria; and
• 15 U.S.C. § 2665(d)(6)(A)(ii)

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  (ii) any operator of a device, or person employing a technique, used in connection with a service offered to the public for the measurement of radon meets a minimum level of proficiency.
• 15 U.S.C. § 2665(d)(6)(B)(i)

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  (i) ordering the recall of any product sold for the measurement of radon which does not meet minimum performance criteria;
• 15 U.S.C. § 2665(d)(6)(B)(ii)

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  (ii) ordering the discontinuance of any service offered to the public for the measurement of radon which does not meet minimum performance criteria; and
• 15 U.S.C. § 2665(d)(6)(B)(iii)

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  (iii) establishing adequate quality assurance requirements for each company offering radon measurement services to the public to follow.
• 15 U.S.C. § 2665(d)(7)

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  (7) In addition to any charge imposed pursuant to paragraph (2), the Administrator shall collect user fees from persons seeking certification under the radon proficiency program in an amount equal to $1,500,000 to cover the Environmental Protection Agency’s cost of conducting research pursuant to paragraph (5) for each of the fiscal years 1991, 1992, 1993, 1994, and 1995. Such funds shall be deposited in the account established pursuant to paragraph (3).
• 15 U.S.C. § 2666(a)

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  (a) For each fiscal year, upon application of the Governor of a State, the Administrator may make a grant, subject to such terms and conditions as the Administrator considers appropriate, under this section to the State for the purpose of assisting the State in the development and implementation of programs for the assessment and mitigation of radon.
• 15 U.S.C. § 2666(b)(1)

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  (1) A description of the seriousness and extent of radon exposure in the State.
• 15 U.S.C. § 2666(b)(2)

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  (2) An identification of the State agency which has the primary responsibility for radon programs and which will receive the grant, a description of the roles and responsibilities of the lead State agency and any other State agencies involved in radon programs, and description of the roles and responsibilities of any municipal, district, or areawide organization involved in radon programs.
• 15 U.S.C. § 2666(b)(3)

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  (3) A description of the activities and programs related to radon which the State proposes in such year.
• 15 U.S.C. § 2666(c)(1)

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  (1) Survey of radon levels, including special surveys of geographic areas or classes of buildings (such as, among others, public buildings, school buildings, high-risk residential construction types).
• 15 U.S.C. § 2666(c)(2)

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  (2) Development of public information and educational materials concerning radon assessment, mitigation, and control programs.
• 15 U.S.C. § 2666(c)(3)

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  (3) Implementation of programs to control radon in existing and new structures.
• 15 U.S.C. § 2666(c)(4)

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  (4) Purchase by the State of radon measurement equipment or devices.
• 15 U.S.C. § 2666(c)(5)

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  (5) Purchase and maintenance of analytical equipment connected to radon measurement and analysis, including costs of calibration of such equipment.
• 15 U.S.C. § 2666(c)(6)

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  (6) Payment of costs of Environmental Protection Agency-approved training programs related to radon for permanent State or local employees.
• 15 U.S.C. § 2666(c)(8)

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  (8) Development of a data storage and management system for information concerning radon occurrence, levels, and programs.
• 15 U.S.C. § 2666(c)(9)

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  (9) Payment of costs of demonstration of radon mitigation methods and technologies as approved by the Administrator, including State participation in the Environmental Protection Agency Home Evaluation Program.
• 15 U.S.C. § 2666(c)(10)

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  (10) A toll-free radon hotline to provide information and technical assistance.
• 15 U.S.C. § 2666(e)(1)

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  (1) The seriousness and extent of the radon contamination problem to be addressed.
• 15 U.S.C. § 2666(e)(2)

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  (2) The potential for the activity or project to bring about reduction in radon levels.
• 15 U.S.C. § 2666(e)(3)

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  (3) The potential for development of innovative radon assessment techniques, mitigation measures as approved by the Administrator, or program management approaches which may be of use to other States.
• 15 U.S.C. § 2666(f)

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  (f) The Federal share of the cost of radon program activities implemented with Federal assistance under this section in any fiscal year shall not exceed 75 percent of the costs incurred by the State in implementing such program in the first year of a grant to such State, 60 percent in the second year, and 50 percent in the third year. Federal assistance shall be made on the condition that the non-Federal share is provided from non-Federal funds.
• 15 U.S.C. § 2666(h)(2)

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  (2) Any State receiving funds under this section shall provide to the Administrator all radon-related information generated in its activities, including the results of radon surveys, mitigation demonstration projects, and risk communication studies.
• 15 U.S.C. § 2666(i)(2)

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  (2) The costs of implementing paragraphs (4) and (9) of subsection (c) shall not in the aggregate exceed 50 percent of the amount of any grant awarded under this section to a State in a fiscal year. In implementing such paragraphs, a State should make every effort, consistent with the goals and successful operation of the State radon program, to give a preference to low-income persons.
• 15 U.S.C. § 2666(i)(4)

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  (4) A State may use funds received under this section for financial assistance to persons only to the extent such assistance is related to demonstration projects or the purchase and analysis of radon measurement devices.
• 15 U.S.C. § 2667(a)(1)

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  (1) The Administrator shall conduct a study for the purpose of determining the extent of radon contamination in the Nation’s school buildings.
• 15 U.S.C. § 2667(a)(2)

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  (2) In carrying out such study, the Administrator shall identify and compile a list of areas within the United States which the Administrator determines have a high probability of including schools which have elevated levels of radon.
• 15 U.S.C. § 2667(a)(3)(B)

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  (B) Data on high radon levels in homes and other structures nearby any such school.
• 15 U.S.C. § 2667(a)(4)

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  (4) In conducting such study the Administrator shall design a survey which when completed allows Congress to characterize the extent of radon contamination in schools in each State. The survey shall include testing from a representative sample of schools in each high-risk area identified in paragraph (1) and shall include additional testing, to the extent resources are available for such testing. The survey also shall include any reliable testing data supplied by States, schools, or other parties.
• 15 U.S.C. § 2667(a)(5)(A)

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  (A) The Administrator shall make available to the appropriate agency of each State, as designated by the Governor of such State, a list of high risk areas within each State, including a delineation of such areas and any other data available to the Administrator for schools in that State. To assist such agencies, the Administrator also shall provide guidance and data detailing the risks associated with high radon levels, technical guidance and related information concerning testing for radon within schools, and methods of reducing radon levels.
• 15 U.S.C. § 2667(a)(5)(B)

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  (B) In addition to the assistance authorized by subparagraph (A), the Administrator is authorized to make available to the appropriate agency of each State, as designated by the Governor of such State, devices suitable for use by such agencies in conducting tests for radon within the schools under the jurisdiction of any such State agency. The Administrator is authorized to make available to such agencies the use of laboratories of the Environmental Protection Agency, or to recommend laboratories, to evaluate any such devices for the presence of radon levels.
• 15 U.S.C. § 2667(a)(6)

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  (6) The Administrator is authorized to select, from high-risk areas identified in paragraph (2), school buildings for purposes of enabling the Administrator to undertake diagnostic and remedial efforts to reduce the levels of radon in such school buildings. Such diagnostic and remedial efforts shall be carried out with a view to developing technology and expertise for the purpose of making such technology and expertise available to any local educational agency and the several States.
• 15 U.S.C. § 2668(a)

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  (a) Upon application of colleges, universities, institutions of higher learning, or consortia of such institutions, the Administrator may make a grant or cooperative agreement, subject to such terms and conditions as the Administrator considers appropriate, under this section to the applicant for the purpose of establishing and operating a regional radon training center.
• 15 U.S.C. § 2668(b)

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  (b) The purpose of a regional radon training center is to develop information and provide training to Federal and State officials, professional and private firms, and the public regarding the health risks posed by radon and demonstrated methods of radon measurement and mitigation.
• 15 U.S.C. § 2668(d)(2)

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  (2) The demonstrated expertise of the applicant regarding radon measurement and mitigation methods and other radon-related issues.
• 15 U.S.C. § 2668(d)(3)

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  (3) The demonstrated expertise of the applicant in radon training and in activities relating to information development and dissemination.
• 15 U.S.C. § 2668(d)(4)

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  (4) The seriousness of the radon problem in the region.
• 15 U.S.C. § 2669(a)

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  (a) The head of each Federal department or agency that owns a Federal building shall conduct a study for the purpose of determining the extent of radon contamination in such buildings. Such study shall include, in the case of a Federal building using a nonpublic water source (such as a well or other groundwater), radon contamination of the water.
• 15 U.S.C. § 2669(b)(1)

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  (1) The Administrator shall identify and compile a list of areas within the United States which the Administrator, in consultation with Federal departments and agencies, determines have a high probability of including Federal buildings which have elevated levels of radon.
• 15 U.S.C. § 2669(b)(2)(B)

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  (B) Data on high radon levels in homes and other structures near any such Federal building.
• 15 U.S.C. § 2669(c)

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  (c) Studies required under subsection (a) shall be based on design criteria specified by the Administrator. The head of each Federal department or agency conducting such a study shall submit, not later than July 1, 1989, a study design to the Administrator for approval. The study design shall follow the most recent Environmental Protection Agency guidance documents, including “A Citizen’s Guide to Radon”; the “Interim Protocol for Screening and Follow Up: Radon and Radon Decay Products Measurements”; the “Interim Indoor Radon & Radon Decay Product Measurement Protocol”; and any other recent guidance documents. The study design shall include testing data from a representative sample of Federal buildings in each high-risk area identified in subsection (b). The study design also shall include additional testing data to the extent resources are available, including any reliable data supplied by Federal agencies, States, or other parties.
• 15 U.S.C. § 2669(d)(1)(A)

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  (A) Guidance and data detailing the risks associated with high radon levels.
• 15 U.S.C. § 2669(d)(1)(B)

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  (B) Technical guidance and related information concerning testing for radon within Federal buildings and water supplies.
• 15 U.S.C. § 2669(d)(1)(C)

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  (C) Technical guidance and related information concerning methods for reducing radon levels.
• 15 U.S.C. § 2669(d)(2)

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  (2) In addition to the assistance required by paragraph (1), the Administrator is authorized to make available, on a cost reimbursable basis, to the departments or agencies conducting studies under subsection (a) devices suitable for use by such departments or agencies in conducting tests for radon within Federal buildings. For the purpose of assisting such departments or agencies in evaluating any such devices for the presence of radon levels, the Administrator is authorized to recommend laboratories or to make available to such departments or agencies, on a cost reimbursable basis, the use of laboratories of the Environmental Protection Agency.
• 15 U.S.C. § 2671

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  Amounts authorized to be appropriated in this subchapter for purposes of carrying out the provisions of this subchapter are in addition to amounts authorized to be appropriated under other provisions of law for radon-related activities.