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Bill
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Title II — Department of Energy

H.R. 5685 · 116th Congress · Jan 28, 2020 · Lineage

II Department of Energy

A Office of Science

Sec. 201 Definitions

In this Act:
(1)
Department— The term Department means the Department of Energy.
(2)
Director— The term Director means the Director of the Office of Science of the Department.
(3)
National laboratory— The term National Laboratory has the meaning given that term in section 2 of the Energy Policy Act of 2005 (42 U.S.C. 15801).
(4)
Secretary— The term Secretary means the Secretary of Energy.

Sec. 202 Basic energy sciences

(a)
Program— The Director shall carry out a fundamental research program in basic energy sciences, including materials sciences and engineering, chemical sciences, physical biosciences, and geosciences, in order to provide the foundations for new energy technologies and to support Department missions in energy, environment, and national security.
(b)
Basic energy sciences user facilities— Section 303(b)(3) of the Department of Energy Research and Innovation Act (42 U.S.C. 18641) is amended—
(1)
in subparagraph (C), by striking “and”;
(2)
by redesignating subparagraph (D) as subparagraph (E); and
(3)
by inserting after subparagraph (C) the following:

“(D) autonomous chemistry and materials synthesis facilities that leverage advances in artificial intelligence; and”

(c)
Basic energy sciences research infrastructure—
(1)
Advanced photon source upgrade—
(A)
In general— The Secretary shall provide for the upgrade to the Advanced Photon Source described in the publication approved by the Basic Energy Sciences Advisory Committee on June 9, 2016, titled “Report on Facility Upgrades”, including the development of a multi-bend achromat lattice to produce a high flux of coherent x-rays within the hard x-ray energy region and a suite of beamlines optimized for this source.
(B)
Definitions— In this paragraph:
(i)
Flux— The term flux means the rate of flow of photons.
(ii)
Hard x-ray— The term hard x-ray means a photon with energy greater than 20 kiloelectron volts.
(C)
Start of operations— The Secretary shall, to the maximum extent practicable, ensure that the start of full operations of the upgrade under this paragraph occurs before March 31, 2026.
(D)
Funding— Out of funds authorized to be appropriated under section 209 for Basic Energy Science, there shall be made available to the Secretary to carry out the upgrade under this paragraph—
(i)
$170,000,000 for fiscal year 2020;
(ii)
$159,800,000 for fiscal year 2021;
(iii)
$106,200,000 for fiscal year 2022; and
(iv)
$5,000,000 for fiscal year 2023.
(2)
Spallation neutron source proton power upgrade—
(A)
In general— The Secretary shall provide for a proton power upgrade to the Spallation Neutron Source.
(B)
Proton power upgrade defined— For the purposes of this paragraph, the term proton power upgrade means the Spallation Neutron Source power upgrade described in—
(i)
the publication of the Office of Science of the Department of Energy titled “Facilities for the Future of Science: A Twenty-Year Outlook”, published December 2003;
(ii)
the publication of the Office of Science of the Department of Energy titled “Four Years Later: An Interim Report on Facilities for the Future of Science: A Twenty-Year Outlook”, published August 2007; and
(iii)
the publication approved by the Basic Energy Sciences Advisory Committee on June 9, 2016, titled “Report on Facility Upgrades”.
(C)
Start of operations— The Secretary shall, to the maximum extent practicable, ensure that the start of full operations of the upgrade under this paragraph occurs before December 31, 2025.
(D)
Funding— Out of funds authorized to be appropriated under section 209 for Basic Energy Science, there shall be made available to the Secretary to carry out the upgrade under this paragraph—
(i)
$65,000,000 for fiscal year 2020;
(ii)
$44,000,000 for fiscal year 2021; and
(iii)
$35,000,000 for fiscal year 2022.
(3)
Spallation neutron source second target station—
(A)
In general— The Secretary shall provide for a second target station for the Spallation Neutron Source.
(B)
Definition of second target station— For the purposes of this paragraph, the term second target station means the Spallation Neutron Source second target station described in—
(i)
the publication of the Office of Science of the Department of Energy titled “Facilities for the Future of Science: A Twenty-Year Outlook”, published December 2003;
(ii)
the publication of the Office of Science of the Department of Energy titled “Four Years Later: An Interim Report on Facilities for the Future of Science: A Twenty-Year Outlook”, published August 2007; and
(iii)
the publication approved by the Basic Energy Sciences Advisory Committee on June 9, 2016, titled “Report on Facility Upgrades”.
(C)
Start of operations— The Secretary shall, to the maximum extent practicable, ensure that the start of full operations of the second target station under this paragraph occurs before December 31, 2030, with the option for early operation in 2028.
(D)
Funding— Out of funds authorized to be appropriated under section 209 for Basic Energy Science, there shall be made available to the Secretary to carry out activities, including construction, under this paragraph—
(i)
$15,000,000 for fiscal year 2020;
(ii)
$25,000,000 for fiscal year 2021;
(iii)
$50,000,000 for fiscal year 2022;
(iv)
$200,000,000 for fiscal year 2023;
(v)
$275,000,000 for fiscal year 2024;
(vi)
$275,000,000 for fiscal year 2025;
(vii)
$275,000,000 for fiscal year 2026;
(viii)
$250,000,000 for fiscal year 2027; and
(ix)
$120,000,000 for fiscal year 2028.
(4)
Advanced light source upgrade—
(A)
In general— The Secretary shall provide for the upgrade to the Advanced Light Source described in the publication approved by the Basic Energy Sciences Advisory Committee on June 9, 2016, titled “Report on Facility Upgrades”, including the development of a multi-bend achromat lattice to produce a high flux of coherent x-rays within the soft x-ray energy region.
(B)
Definitions— In this paragraph:
(i)
Flux— The term flux means the rate of flow of photons.
(ii)
Soft x-ray— The term soft x-ray means a photon with energy in the range from 50 to 2,000 electron volts.
(C)
Start of operations— The Secretary shall, to the maximum extent practicable, ensure that the start of full operations of the upgrade under this paragraph occurs before December 31, 2026.
(D)
Funding— Out of funds authorized to be appropriated under section 209 for Basic Energy Science, there shall be made available to the Secretary to carry out the upgrade under this paragraph—
(i)
$53,000,000 for fiscal year 2020;
(ii)
$67,000,000 for fiscal year 2021;
(iii)
$67,000,000 for fiscal year 2022;
(iv)
$60,000,000 for fiscal year 2023;
(v)
$59,200,000 for fiscal year 2024; and
(vi)
$2,000,000 for fiscal year 2025.
(5)
Linac coherent light source II high energy upgrade—
(A)
In general— The Secretary shall provide for the upgrade to the Linac Coherent Light Source II facility described in the publication approved by the Basic Energy Sciences Advisory Committee on June 9, 2016, titled “Report on Facility Upgrades”, including the development of experimental capabilities for high energy x-rays to reveal fundamental scientific discoveries. The Secretary shall ensure the upgrade under this paragraph enables the production and use of high energy, ultra-short pulse x-rays delivered at a high repetition rate.
(B)
Definitions— In this paragraph:
(i)
High energy x-ray— The term “high energy x-ray” means a photon with an energy at or exceeding 12 kiloelectron volts.
(ii)
High repetition rate— The term “high repetition rate” means the delivery of x-ray pulses up to 1 million pulses per second.
(iii)
Ultra-short pulse x-rays— The term “ultra-short pulse x-rays” means x-ray bursts capable of durations of less than 100 femtoseconds.
(C)
Start of operations— The Secretary shall, to the maximum extent practicable, ensure that the start of full operations of the upgrade under this paragraph occurs before December 31, 2025.
(D)
Funding— Out of funds authorized to be appropriated under section 209 for Basic Energy Science, there shall be made available to the Secretary to carry out the upgrade under this paragraph—
(i)
$54,000,000 for fiscal year 2020;
(ii)
$64,000,000 for fiscal year 2021;
(iii)
$70,000,000 for fiscal year 2022;
(iv)
$80,000,000 for fiscal year 2023;
(v)
$79,000,000 for fiscal year 2024; and
(vi)
$37,000,000 for fiscal year 2025.
(d)
Artificial photosynthesis— Subtitle G of title IX of the Energy Policy Act of 2005 (42 U.S.C. 16311 et seq.) is amended—
(1)
in section 973(b), by striking paragraph (4) and inserting:

“(4)

“(A) Funding—From within funds authorized to be appropriated under section 209 of the Securing American Leadership in Science and Technology Act of 2020 for Basic Energy Science, the Secretary shall make available for carrying out activities under this subsection $50,000,000 for each of fiscal years 2020 through 2029.

“(B) Prohibition—No funds allocated to the program described in paragraph (1) may be obligated or expended for commercial application of energy technology.”

(2)
in section 975(c), by striking paragraph (4) and inserting:

“(4)

“(A) Funding—From within funds authorized to be appropriated under section 209 of the Securing American Leadership in Science and Technology Act of 2020 for Basic Energy Science and Biological and Environmental Research, the Secretary shall make available for carrying out activities under this subsection $50,000,000 for each of fiscal years 2020 through 2029.

“(B) Prohibition—No funds allocated to the program described in paragraph (1) may be obligated or expended for commercial application of energy technology.”

(e)
Electricity Storage Research Initiative— Section 975 of the Energy Policy Act of 2005 (42 U.S.C. 16315) is amended—
(1)
in subsection (b), by striking paragraph (4) and inserting:

“(4)

“(A) Funding—From within funds authorized to be appropriated under section 209 of the Securing American Leadership in Science and Technology Act of 2020 for Basic Energy Science, the Secretary shall make available for carrying out activities under this subsection $50,000,000 for each of fiscal years 2020 through 2029.

“(B) Prohibition—No funds allocated to the program described in paragraph (1) may be obligated or expended for commercial application of energy technology.”

(2)
in subsection (c), by striking paragraph (4) and inserting:

“(4)

“(A) Funding—From within funds authorized to be appropriated under section 209 of the Securing American Leadership in Science and Technology Act of 2020 for Basic Energy Science and Advanced Scientific Computing Research, the Secretary shall make available for carrying out activities under this subsection $30,000,000 for each of fiscal years 2020 through 2029.

“(B) Prohibition—No funds allocated to the program described in paragraph (1) may be obligated or expended for commercial application of energy technology.”

(3)
in subsection (d), by striking paragraph (4) and inserting:

“(4)

“(A) Funding—From within funds authorized to be appropriated under section 209 of the Securing American Leadership in Science and Technology Act of 2020 for Basic Energy Science and Biological and Environmental Research, the Secretary shall make available for carrying out activities under this subsection $20,000,000 for each of fiscal years 2020 through 2029.

“(B) Prohibition—No funds allocated to the program described in paragraph (1) may be obligated or expended for commercial application of energy technology.”

(f)
Computational materials and chemistry—
(1)
In general— The Director shall support a program of fundamental research for the application of advanced computing practices to foundational and emerging research problems in chemistry and materials science.
(2)
Computational materials and chemistry science centers—
(A)
In general— In carrying out the activities authorized under paragraph (1), the Director shall select and establish up to four computational materials and chemistry science centers to develop open-source, robust, and validated computational codes and user-friendly software, coupled with innovative use of experimental and theoretical data, to enable the design, discovery, and development of new materials and chemical systems including chemical catalysis research and development. These centers shall also focus on overcoming challenges and maximizing the benefits of exascale and other high performance computing systems.
(B)
Selection— The Director shall select centers under paragraph (1) on a competitive, merit-reviewed basis. The Director shall consider applications from the National Laboratories, institutes of higher education, multi-institutional collaborations, and other appropriate entities.
(C)
Duration— A center established under this subsection shall receive support for a period of not more than 5 years, subject to the availability of appropriations.
(D)
Renewal— Upon the expiration of any period of support of a center under this subsection, the Director may renew support for the center, on a merit-reviewed basis, for a period of not more than 5 years.
(E)
Termination— Consistent with the existing authorities of the Department, the Director may terminate an underperforming center for cause during the performance period.
(3)
Materials research database—
(A)
In general— The Director shall support the development of a web-based platform to provide access to a database of computed information on known and predicted materials properties and computational tools to accelerate breakthroughs in materials discovery and design.
(B)
Program— In carrying out this section, the Director shall—
(i)
conduct cooperative research with industry, academia, and other research institutions to facilitate the design of novel materials;
(ii)
leverage existing high performance computing systems to conduct high-throughput calculations, and develop computational and data mining algorithms for the prediction of material properties;
(iii)
advance understanding, prediction, and manipulation of materials;
(iv)
strengthen the foundation for new technologies and advanced manufacturing; and
(v)
drive the development of advanced materials for applications that span the Department’s missions in energy, environment, and national security.
(C)
Coordination— In carrying out this section, the Director shall leverage programs and activities across the Department.

Sec. 203 Advanced scientific computing research

(a)
Program— The Director shall carry out a research, development, and demonstration program to advance computational and networking capabilities to analyze, model, simulate, and predict complex phenomena relevant to the development of new energy technologies and the competitiveness of the United States.
(b)
Beyond exascale computing program—
(1)
In general— The Secretary shall establish a program to develop and implement a strategy for achieving computing systems with capabilities beyond exascale computing systems. In establishing this program, the Secretary shall—
(A)
maintain foundational research programs in mathematical, computational, and computer sciences focused on new and emerging computing needs within the mission of the Department, including but not limited to post-Moore’s law computing architectures, novel approaches to modeling and simulation, artificial intelligence and scientific machine learning, quantum computing, and extreme heterogeneity; and
(B)
retain best practices and maintain support for essential hardware and software elements of the Exascale Computing Project that are necessary for sustaining the vitality of a long-term exascale ecosystem.
(2)
Report— Not later than one year after the date of the enactment of this Act, the Secretary shall submit to the Committee on Science, Space, and Technology of the House of Representatives, and the Committee on Energy and Natural Resources of the Senate, a report on the development and implementation of the strategy outlined in paragraph (1).
(c)
Applied mathematics and software development for high-End computing systems, computational, and computer sciences research—
(1)
In general— The Director shall carry out activities to develop, test, and support—
(A)
mathematics, models, statistics, and algorithms for modeling complex systems on advanced computing architectures; and
(B)
tools, languages, programming environments, and operations for high-end computing systems (as defined in section 2 of the American Super Computing Leadership Act (15 U.S.C. 5541), as renamed by this section).
(2)
Portfolio balance— The Director shall maintain a balanced portfolio within the advanced scientific computing research and development program established under section 976 of the Energy Policy Act of 2005 (42 U.S.C. 16316) that supports robust investment in—
(A)
applied mathematical, computational, and computer sciences research needs relevant to the mission of the Department, including activities related to data science, artificial intelligence, scientific machine learning, quantum information science, and other emerging areas; and
(B)
associated high-performance computing hardware and facilities.
(d)
Energy efficient computing program—
(1)
In general— The Secretary shall support a program of fundamental research, development, and demonstration of energy efficient computing technologies relevant to advanced computing applications in high performance computing, artificial intelligence, and scientific machine learning.
(2)
Execution—
(A)
Program— In carrying out the program, the Secretary shall—
(i)
establish a partnership for National Laboratories, industry partners, and institutions of higher education for codesign of energy efficient hardware, technology, software, and applications across all applicable program offices of the Department;
(ii)
develop hardware and software technologies that decrease the energy needs of advanced computing practices;
(iii)
consider multiple heterogeneous computing architectures, including neu­ro­morph­ic computing, persistent computing, and ultrafast networking; and
(iv)
provide, as appropriate, on a competitive, merit-reviewed basis, access for researchers from institutions of higher education, National Laboratories, industry, and other Federal agencies to the energy efficient computing technologies developed pursuant to clause (i).
(B)
Selection of partners— In selecting participants for the partnership established under subparagraph (A)(i), the Secretary shall select participants through a competitive, merit-review process.
(3)
Report— Not later than one year after the date of the enactment of this Act, the Secretary shall submit to the Committee on Science, Space, and Technology of the House of Representatives, and the Committee on Energy and Natural Resources of the Senate, a report on—
(A)
the activities conducted under subparagraph (A); and
(B)
the coordination and management of the Program to ensure an integrated research program across the Department.
(e)
Artificial intelligence, data analytics, and computational research—
(1)
In general— The Secretary shall carry out a program to develop tools for big data analytics by utilizing data sets generated by Federal agencies, institutions of higher education, nonprofit research organizations, and industry in order to advance artificial intelligence technologies to solve complex, big data challenges. The Secretary shall carry out this program through a competitive, merit-reviewed process, and consider applications from National Laboratories, institutions of higher education, multi-institutional collaborations, and other appropriate entities.
(2)
Program components— In carrying out the program established under paragraph (1), the Secretary shall—
(A)
establish a cross-cutting research initiative to prevent duplication and coordinate research efforts in artificial intelligence and data analytics across the Department;
(B)
conduct basic research in modeling and simulation, artificial intelligence, machine learning, large-scale data analytics, natural language processing, and predictive analysis in order to develop novel or optimized predictive algorithms suitable for high-performance computing systems and large biomedical data sets;
(C)
develop multivariate optimization models to accommodate large data sets with variable quality and scale in order to visualize complex systems;
(D)
establish multiple scientific computing user facilities to serve as data enclaves capable of securely storing data sets created by Federal agencies, institutions of higher education, nonprofit organizations, or industry at National Laboratories; and
(E)
promote collaboration and data sharing between National Laboratories, research entities, and user facilities of the Department by providing the necessary access and secure data transfer capabilities.
(3)
Report— Not later than 2 years after the date of the enactment of this Act, the Secretary shall submit to the Committee on Science, Space, and Technology of the House of Representatives and the Committee on Energy and Natural Resources of the Senate a report evaluating the effectiveness of the pilot program under paragraph (1), including basic research discoveries achieved in the course of the program and potential opportunities to expand the technical capabilities of the Department through the development of artificial intelligence and data analytics technologies.
(f)
Energy Sciences Network—
(1)
In general— The Secretary shall provide for an upgrade to the Energy Sciences Network user facility in order to meet Federal research needs for highly reliable data transport capabilities optimized for the requirements of large-scale science.
(2)
Capabilities— In carrying out paragraph (1), the Secretary shall ensure the following capabilities:
(A)
To provide high bandwidth scientific networking across the continental United States and the Atlantic Ocean.
(B)
To maximize network reliability.
(C)
To protect the network and data from cyber-attacks.
(D)
To support exponentially increasing levels of data from the Department’s scientific user facilities, experiments, and sensors.
(E)
To integrate heterogeneous computing frameworks and systems.
(g)
Quantum science network— The Secretary shall provide for a program to support the research, development, and demonstration of a quantum computing network, which shall operate as a national user facility.
(h)
Workforce development— The Director of the Office of Advanced Scientific Computing Research shall support the development of a computational science workforce through a program that—
(1)
facilitates collaboration between university students and researchers at the National Laboratories; and
(2)
endeavors to advance science in areas relevant to the mission of the Department through the application of computational science.

Sec. 204 High energy physics

(a)
Program— The Director shall carry out a research program on the fundamental constituents of matter and energy and the nature of space and time in order to support theoretical and experimental research in both elementary particle physics and fundamental accelerator science and technology and understand fundamental properties of the universe.
(b)
Long-Baseline Neutrino Facility for Deep Underground Neutrino Experiment—
(1)
In general— The Secretary shall provide for a Long-Baseline Neutrino Facility to facilitate the international Deep Underground Neutrino Experiment to enable a program in neutrino physics to measure the fundamental properties of neutrinos, explore physics beyond the Standard Model, and better clarify the nature of matter and antimatter.
(2)
Facility capabilities— The Secretary shall ensure that the facility described in paragraph (1) will provide, at a minimum, the following capabilities:
(A)
A neutrino beam with wideband capability of 1.2 megawatts (MW) of beam power and upgradable to 2.4 MW of beam power.
(B)
Four caverns excavated for a 70 kiloton fiducial detector mass and supporting surface buildings and utilities.
(C)
Neutrino detector facilities at both the Far Site in South Dakota and the Near Site in Illinois to categorize and study neutrinos on their 800-mile journey between the two sites.
(D)
Cryogenic systems to support neutrino detectors.
(3)
Start of operations— The Secretary shall, to the maximum extent practicable, ensure that the start of full operations of the facility under this subsection occurs before December 31, 2026.
(4)
Funding— Out of funds authorized to be appropriated under section 209 for High Energy Physics, there shall be made available to the Secretary to carry out activities, including construction of the facility, under this subsection—
(A)
$175,000,000 for fiscal year 2020;
(B)
$225,000,000 for fiscal year 2021;
(C)
$250,000,000 for fiscal year 2022;
(D)
$250,000,000 for fiscal year 2023;
(E)
$250,000,000 for fiscal year 2024;
(F)
$250,000,000 for fiscal year 2025;
(G)
$250,000,000 for fiscal year 2026;
(H)
$250,000,000 for fiscal year 2027;
(I)
$194,000,000 for fiscal year 2028; and
(J)
$82,000,000 for fiscal year 2029.
(c)
Proton Improvement Plan–II accelerator upgrade project—
(1)
In general— The Secretary of Energy shall provide for the Proton Improvement Plan II (PIP–II), an upgrade to the Fermilab accelerator complex identified in the 2014 Particle Physics Project Prioritization Panel (P5) report titled “Building for Discovery”, to provide the world’s most intense beam of neutrinos to the international LBNF/DUNE experiment as well as a broad range of future high energy physics experiments. The Secretary of Energy shall work with international partners to provide key contributions.
(2)
Facility capabilities— The Secretary shall ensure that the facility described in paragraph (1) will provide, at a minimum, the following capabilities:
(A)
A state-of-the-art 800 megaelectron volt (MeV) superconducting linear accelerator.
(B)
Proton beam power of 1.2 MW at the start of LBNF/DUNE, upgradeable to 2.4 MW of beam power.
(C)
A flexible design to enable high power beam delivery to multiple users simultaneously and customized beams tailored to specific scientific needs.
(D)
Sustained high reliability operation of the Fermilab accelerator complex.
(3)
Start of operations— The Secretary shall, to the maximum extent practicable, ensure that the start of full operations of the facility under this section occurs before December 31, 2027.
(4)
Funding— Out of funds authorized to be appropriated under section 209 for High Energy Physics, there shall be made available to the Secretary to carry out activities, including construction of the facility, under this subsection—
(A)
$60,000,000 for fiscal year 2020;
(B)
$120,000,000 for fiscal year 2021;
(C)
$120,000,000 for fiscal year 2022;
(D)
$120,000,000 for fiscal year 2023;
(E)
$120,000,000 for fiscal year 2024;
(F)
$115,000,000 for fiscal year 2025;
(G)
$85,000,000 for fiscal year 2026; and
(H)
$45,000,000 for fiscal year 2027.
(d)
International collaboration— Section 305(b) of the Department of Energy Research and Innovation Act (42 U.S.C. 18643(b)) is amended to read as follows:

“(b) International collaboration—The Director shall—

“(1) as practicable and in coordination with other appropriate Federal agencies as necessary, ensure the access of United States researchers to the most advanced accelerator facilities and research capabilities in the world, including the Large Hadron Collider;

“(2) to the maximum extent practicable, continue to leverage United States participation in the Large Hadron Collider, and prioritize expanding international partnerships and investments in the Long-Baseline Neutrino Facility/Deep Underground Neutrino Experiment; and

“(3) to the maximum extent practicable, prioritize engagement in collaborative efforts in support of future international facilities that would provide access to United States researchers of the most advanced accelerator facilities in the world.”

(e)
Accelerator and detector upgrades— The Director shall upgrade accelerator facilities and detectors, as necessary and appropriate, to increase beam power, sustain high reliability, and improve precision measurement to advance the highest priority particle physics research programs. In carrying out facility upgrades, the Director shall continue to work with international partners, when appropriate and in the United States interest, to leverage investments and expertise in critical technologies to maintain leading facilities in the United States.
(f)
Accelerator and detector research and development— The Director shall carry out a program in accelerator and detector research and development, in order to develop and deploy next generation technologies to support discovery science in particle physics.
(g)
Research collaborations— In developing accelerator technologies under the program authorized in subsection (e), the Director shall—
(1)
consider the requirements necessary to support translational research and development for medical, industrial, security, and defense applications; and
(2)
leverage investments in accelerator technologies and basic research in particle physics by partnering with institutes of higher education, industry, and other Federal agencies to help commercialize technologies with promising applications.

Sec. 205 Biological and environmental research

(a)
Program— The Director shall carry out a program of basic research in the areas of biological systems science and environmental science relevant to the development of new energy technologies and to support Department missions in energy, environment, and national security.
(b)
Bioenergy research centers—
(1)
In general— In carrying out activities under subsection (a), the Director shall select and establish up to four bioenergy research centers to conduct basic and fundamental research in plant and microbial systems biology, bio imaging and analysis, and genomics to inform the production of fuels, chemicals from sustainable biomass resources, and to facilitate the translation of basic research results to industry.
(2)
Selection— The Director shall select centers under paragraph (1) on a competitive, merit-reviewed basis. The Director shall consider applications from National Laboratories, multi-institutional collaborations, and other appropriate entities.
(3)
Duration— A center established under this subsection shall receive support for a period of not more than 5 years, subject to the availability of appropriations.
(4)
Existing centers— The Director may select a center for participation under this subsection that is in existence, or undergoing a renewal process, on the date of enactment of this Act. Such center shall be eligible to receive support for the duration the 5-year period beginning on the date of establishment of such center.
(5)
Renewal— Upon the expiration of any period of support of a center under this subsection, the Director may renew support for the center, on a merit-reviewed basis, for a period of not more than 5 years.
(6)
Termination— Consistent with the existing authorities of the Department, the Director may terminate an underperforming center for cause during the performance period.
(c)
Low-Dose radiation research program—
(1)
In general— The Secretary shall carry out a basic research program on low-dose and low dose-rate radiation to—
(A)
enhance the scientific understanding of, and reduce uncertainties associated with, the effects of exposure to low-dose and low dose-rate radiation; and
(B)
inform improved risk-assessment and risk-management methods with respect to such radiation.
(2)
Program components— In carrying out the program required under paragraph (1), the Secretary shall—
(A)
formulate scientific goals for low-dose radiation and low dose-rate radiation basic research in the United States;
(B)
identify ongoing scientific challenges for understanding the long-term effects of ionizing radiation on biological systems;
(C)
develop a long-term strategic and prioritized basic research agenda to address such scientific challenges in coordination with other research efforts;
(D)
identify and, to the extent possible, quantify, potential monetary and health-related benefits to Federal agencies, the general public, industry, research communities, and other users of information produced by such research program;
(E)
leverage the collective body of knowledge from existing low-dose and low dose-rate radiation research; and
(F)
engage with other Federal agencies, research communities, and potential users of information produced under this section, including institutions concerning radiation research, medical physics, radiology, health physics, and emergency response.
(3)
Coordination— In carrying out the program required under paragraph (1), the Secretary, in coordination with the Physical Science Subcommittee of the National Science and Technology Council, shall—
(A)
support the directives under section 106 of the American Innovation and Competitiveness Act (42 U.S.C. 6601 note);
(B)
ensure that the Office of Science of the Department of Energy consults and coordinates with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration, the National Institutes of Health, the Environmental Protection Agency, the Department of Defense, the Nuclear Regulatory Commission, and the Department of Homeland Security;
(C)
advise and assist the National Science and Technology Council on policies and initiatives in radiation biology, including enhancing scientific knowledge of the effects of low-dose and low dose-rate radiation on biological systems to improve radiation risk-assessment and risk-management methods; and
(D)
identify opportunities to stimulate international cooperation relating to low-dose and low dose-rate radiation and leverage research and knowledge from sources outside of the United States.
(4)
Research plan— Not later than 180 days after the date of enactment of this Act, the Secretary shall transmit to the Committee on Science, Space, and Technology of the House of Representatives and the Committee on Energy and Natural Resources of the Senate a 4-year research plan that identifies and prioritizes basic research needs relating to low-dose and low dose-rate radiation. In developing such plan, the Secretary shall incorporate the components described in paragraph (2).
(5)
Low-dose radiation defined— In this section, the term low-dose radiation means a radiation dose of less than 100 millisieverts.
(6)
Low dose-rate radiation defined— In this section, the term low dose-rate radiation means a radiation dose rate of less than 5 millisieverts per hour.
(7)
Rule of construction— Nothing in this section shall be construed to subject any research carried out by the Secretary for the program under this section to any limitations described in section 977(e).
(8)
Funding— For purposes of carrying out this section, the Secretary is authorized to make available from funds provided to the Biological and Environmental Research Program—
(A)
$20,000,000 for fiscal year 2020;
(B)
$20,000,000 for fiscal year 2021;
(C)
$30,000,000 for fiscal year 2022;
(D)
$30,000,000 for fiscal year 2023;
(E)
$40,000,000 for fiscal year 2024;
(F)
$40,000,000 for fiscal year 2025;
(G)
$50,000,000 for fiscal year 2026;
(H)
$50,000,000 for fiscal year 2027;
(I)
$60,000,000 for fiscal year 2028; and
(J)
$60,000,000 for fiscal year 2029.
(d)
Earth and environmental systems research—
(1)
In general— The Director shall carry out a program of fundamental research to develop high-resolution Earth system modeling, analysis, and intercomparison capabilities, in order to further the understanding of the biological, biogeochemical, and physical processes across the multiple scales that control the flux of environmentally relevant compounds between the terrestrial surface and the atmosphere.
(2)
Prioritization— In carrying out the program authorized under paragraph (1), the Director shall prioritize—
(A)
the development of software and algorithms to enable the productive application of environmental systems models in high-performance computing systems; and
(B)
capabilities that support the Department’s mission needs for energy and infrastructure security, resilience, and reliability.
(3)
User facilities—
(A)
In general— In carrying out the activities authorized under paragraph (1), the Director shall establish and operate user facilities to advance the collection, validation, and analysis of atmospheric data, including activities to advance knowledge and improve model representations and measure the impact of atmospheric gases, aerosols, and clouds on earth and environmental systems.
(B)
Existing facilities— To the maximum extent practicable, the Director shall utilize existing facilities to carry out this subsection.
(C)
Selection— The Director shall select user facilities under paragraph (1) on a competitive, merit-reviewed basis. The Director shall consider applications from the National Laboratories, institutes of higher education, multi-institutional collaborations, and other appropriate entities.
(D)
Termination— Consistent with the existing authorities of the Department, the Director may terminate an underperforming user facility for cause during the performance period.
(4)
Coordination— In carrying out the program authorized in paragraph (1), the Director shall ensure that the Office of Science—
(A)
consults and coordinates with the National Oceanic Atmospheric Administration, the Environmental Protection Agency, and any other relevant Federal agency on the collection, validation, and analysis of atmospheric data; and
(B)
coordinates with relevant stakeholders, including institutes of higher education, nonprofit research institutions, industry, State, local, and tribal governments, and other appropriate entities to ensure access to the best available relevant atmospheric and historical weather data.
(e)
Coastal zone research initiative—
(1)
In general— The Director shall carry out a basic research program to enhance the understanding of coastal ecosystems. In carrying out this program, the Director shall prioritize efforts to enhance the collection of observational data, and shall develop models to analyze the ecological, biogeochemical, hydrological and physical processes that interact in coastal zones.
(2)
National system for coastal data collection— The Director shall establish an integrated system of field research sites in order to improve the quantity and quality of observational data, and that encompass at least three of the major land-water interfaces of the United States, including—
(A)
the Great Lakes region;
(B)
the Pacific coast;
(C)
the Atlantic coast;
(D)
the Arctic; and
(E)
the Gulf coast.
(3)
Existing infrastructure— In carrying out the programs and establishing the field research sites under paragraph (1) and (2), the Secretary shall leverage existing Department of Energy R&D infrastructure, including the Department’s existing marine sciences lab.
(4)
Coordination— For the purposes of carrying out the programs and establishing the field research sites under the Initiative, the Secretary may enter into agreements with Federal Departments and agencies with complementary capabilities.
(5)
Report— Not less than 2 years after the date of the enactment of this Act, the Director shall provide to the Committee on Science, Space, and Technology and the Committee on Appropriations of the House of Representatives and the Committee on Energy and Natural Resources and the Committee on Appropriations of the Senate a report examining whether the system described in this section should be established as a National User Facility.
(f)
Biological and environmental research user facilities—
(1)
In general— The Director shall carry out a program for the development, construction, operation, and maintenance of user facilities to enhance the collection and analysis of observational data related to complex biological, earth, and environmental systems.
(2)
Facility requirements— To the maximum extent practicable, the user facilities developed, constructed, operated, or maintained under paragraph (1) shall include—
(A)
distributed field research and observation platforms for understanding earth system processes;
(B)
instruments and modeling resources for understanding the physical, chemical, and cellular processes of biological and environmental systems;
(C)
integrated high-throughput sequencing, DNA design and synthesis, metabolomics and computational analysis; and
(D)
such other facilities as the Director considers appropriate, consistent with section 209 of the Department of Energy Organization Act (42 U.S.C. 7139).
(3)
Existing facilities— In carrying out the program established in paragraph (1), the Director is encouraged to evaluate the capabilities of existing user facilities and, to the maximum extent practicable, invest in modernization of those capabilities to address emerging research priorities.

Sec. 206 Fusion energy

(a)
Program— The Director shall carry out a fusion energy sciences research program to expand the understanding of plasmas and matter at very high temperatures and densities and build the science and engineering foundation needed to develop a fusion energy source.
(b)
Public-Private partnerships—
(1)
In general— In carrying out the program authorized in subsection (a), the Secretary shall, to the maximum extent practicable, make available fusion energy science infrastructure to industry partners in order to achieve faster and cost-effective development of fusion energy technologies toward commercial readiness. In carrying out this subsection, the Secretary shall make available—
(A)
experimental capabilities and testing facilities;
(B)
computational capabilities, modeling and simulation tools;
(C)
access to existing datasets and data validation tools; and
(D)
land use and site information for demonstration facilities.
(2)
Selection—
(A)
In general— The Secretary shall select industry partners for awards on a competitive, merit-reviewed basis.
(B)
Considerations— In selecting industry stakeholders under subparagraph (A), the Secretary shall consider—
(i)
the information disclosed by the Department under this subsection; and
(ii)
any existing facilities the Department will provide for public-private partnership activities.
(3)
Term— An award made to an industry partner under this section shall be for a period of not more than 5 years, subject to the availability of appropriations, after which the award may be renewed, subject to a rigorous merit review.
(c)
High-Performance computation collaborative research program—
(1)
In general— The Secretary shall carry out a program to conduct and support collaborative research, development, and demonstration of fusion energy technologies, through high-performance computation modeling and simulation techniques, in order to—
(A)
support basic science research in plasmas and matter at very high temperatures and densities;
(B)
inform the development of a broad range of fusion energy systems; and
(C)
facilitate the translation of basic research results in fusion energy science to industry.
(2)
Coordination— In carrying out the program under paragraph (1), the Secretary shall coordinate with relevant Federal agencies, and prioritize the following objectives:
(A)
Using expertise from the private sector, institutions of higher education, and the National Laboratories to develop computational software and capabilities that prospective users may accelerate research and development of fusion energy systems.
(B)
Developing computational tools to simulate and predict fusion energy science phenomena that may be validated through physical experimentation.
(C)
Increasing the utility of the research infrastructure of the Department by coordinating with the Advanced Scientific Computing Research program within the Office of Science.
(D)
Leveraging experience from existing modeling and simulation entities sponsored by the Department.
(E)
Ensuring that new experimental and computational tools are accessible to relevant research communities, including private sector entities engaged in fusion energy technology development.
(3)
Duplication— The Secretary shall ensure the coordination of, and avoid unnecessary duplication of, the activities of this program with the activities of—
(A)
other research entities of the Department, including the National Laboratories, the Advanced Research Projects Agency–Energy, the Advanced Scientific Computing Research program; and
(B)
industry.
(4)
High-Performance Computing for Fusion Innovation Hub— In carrying out the program under paragraph (1), the Secretary shall establish and operate a national High-Performance Computing for Fusion Innovation Hub (referred to in this section as the “Hub”), which shall focus on the early stage research and development activities described under paragraph (1).
(d)
Selection— The Secretary shall select the Hub under this subsection on a competitive, merit-reviewed basis. The Secretary shall consider applications from National Laboratories, institutions of higher education, multi-institutional collaborations, and other appropriate entities.
(e)
Duration— The Hub established under this subsection shall receive support for a period of not more than 5 years, subject to the availability of appropriations.
(f)
Renewal— Upon the expiration of any period of support of the Hub, the Secretary may renew support for the Hub, on a merit-reviewed basis, for a period of not more than 5 years.
(g)
Termination— Consistent with the existing authorities of the Department, the Secretary may terminate the Hub for cause during the performance period.
(h)
Tokamak research and development— Section 307(b) of the Department of Energy Research and Innovation Act (42 U.S.C. 18645(b)) is amended to read as follows:

“(b) Tokamak research and development

“(1) In general—The Director shall support research and development activities and facility operations to optimize the tokamak approach to fusion energy.

“(2) International thermonuclear experimental reactor construction

“(A) In general—There is authorized United States participation in the construction and operations of the ITER project, as agreed to under the April 25, 2007 “Agreement on the Establishment of the ITER International Fusion Energy Organization for the Joint Implementation of the ITER Project”.

“(B) Facility requirements—The Secretary shall ensure that the mission-oriented user facility will enable the study of a burning plasma, and shall be built to have the following characteristics in its full configuration:

“(i) A tokamak device with a plasma radius of 6.2 meters and a magnetic field of 5.3 T.

“(ii) Capable of creating and sustaining a 15-million-Ampere plasma current for greater than 300 seconds.

“(C) Authorization of appropriations—From within funds authorized to be appropriated under section 209 of the Securing American Leadership in Science and Technology Act of 2020 for Fusion Energy Sciences, there are authorized to carry out this paragraph—

“(i) $242,000,000 for fiscal year 2020;

“(ii) $290,400,000 for fiscal year 2021;

“(iii) $338,800,000 for fiscal year 2022;

“(iv) $387,200,000 for fiscal year 2023;

“(v) $435,600,000 for fiscal year 2024;

“(vi) $484,000,000 for fiscal year 2025;

“(vii) $435,600,000 for fiscal year 2026;

“(viii) $387,200,000 for fiscal year 2027;

“(ix) $338,800,000 for fiscal year 2028; and

“(x) $290,400,000 for fiscal year 2029.”

(i)
Inertial fusion energy research and development program— Section 307(c) of the Department of Energy Research and Innovation Act (42 U.S.C. 18645(c)) is amended to read as follows:

“(c) Inertial fusion research and development

“(1) In general—The Director shall carry out a program of research and technology development in inertial fusion for energy applications, including ion beam, laser, and pulsed power fusion systems.

“(2) Laser research initiative—The Director shall establish a high intensity laser research program consistent with the recommendations of the National Academy of Science Report, “Opportunities in Intense Ultrafast Lasers: Reaching for the Brightest Light” and the Brightest Light Initiative workshop report. This program shall include research to develop petawatt-scale laser technologies necessary to facilitate discovery science and to advance energy technologies, and to restore U.S. leadership in high intensity laser facilities.”

(j)
Alternative and enabling concepts— Section 307(d) of the Department of Energy Research and Innovation Act (42 U.S.C. 18645(d)) is amended as follows:

“(d) Alternative and enabling concepts

“(1) In general—As part of the program described in subsection (a), the Director shall support research and development activities and facility operations at United States universities, national laboratories, and private facilities for a portfolio of alternative and enabling fusion energy concepts that may provide solutions to significant challenges to the establishment of a commercial magnetic fusion power plant, prioritized based on the ability of the United States to play a leadership role in the international fusion research community.

“(2) Activities—Fusion energy concepts and activities explored under this paragraph may include—

“(A) high magnetic field approaches facilitated by high temperature superconductors;

“(B) advanced stellarator concepts;

“(C) non-tokamak confinement configurations operating at low magnetic fields;

“(D) magnetized target fusion energy concepts;

“(E) liquid metals to address issues associated with fusion plasma interactions with the inner wall of the encasing device;

“(F) immersion blankets for heat management and fuel breeding;

“(G) advanced scientific computing activities; and

“(H) other promising fusion energy concepts identified by the Director.”

Sec. 207 Nuclear physics

Section 308 of the Department of Energy Research and Innovation Act (42 U.S.C. 18646) is amended by inserting at the end the following:

“(c) Facility for Rare Isotope Beams

“(1) In general—The Secretary shall provide for a Facility for Rare Isotope Beams to advance the understanding of rare nuclear isotopes and the evolution of the cosmos.

“(2) Facility capability—In carrying out paragraph (1), the Secretary shall provide for, at a minimum, a rare isotope beam facility capable of 400 kW of beam power.

“(3) Start of operations—The Secretary shall, to the maximum extent practicable, ensure that the start of full operations of the facility under this subsection occurs before June 30, 2022.

“(4) Funding—Out of funds authorized to be appropriated under section 209 of the Securing American Leadership in Science and Technology Act of 2020 for Nuclear Physics, there shall be made available to the Secretary to carry out activities, including construction of the facility, under this subsection—

“(A) $64,000,000 for fiscal year 2020;

“(B) $36,300,000 for fiscal year 2021;

“(C) $24,000,000 for fiscal year 2022;

“(D) $15,000,000 for fiscal year 2023; and

“(E) $15,000,000 for fiscal year 2024.

“(d) Electron-Ion Collider

“(1) In general—The Secretary shall provide for an Electron Ion Collider as described in the 2015 Nuclear Science Advisory Committee’s Long Range Plan and endorsed by the report from the National Academies of Science, Engineering, and Medicine report titled “An Assessment of U.S.-Based Electron-Ion Collider Science”, in order to measure the internal structure of the proton and the nucleus and answer fundamental questions about the nature of visible matter.

“(2) Facility capability—The Secretary shall ensure that the facility meets the requirements in the 2015 Long Range Plan, including—

“(A) at least 70 percent polarized beams of electrons and light ions;

“(B) ion beams from deuterium to the heaviest nuclei;

“(C) variable center of mass energy from 20 to 140 GeV; high luminosity of 1033–1034 cm–2s–1; and

“(D) the possibility of more than one interaction region.

“(3) Start of operations—The Secretary shall, to the maximum extent practicable, ensure that the start of full operations of the facility under this section occurs before December 31, 2030.”

Sec. 208 Science laboratories infrastructure program

Section 309 of the Department of Energy Research and Innovation Act of 2018 (42 U.S.C. 18647) is amended by adding at the end the following:

“(c) Use of available approaches and mechanisms—In carrying out this section, the Director shall utilize all available approaches and mechanisms, including capital line items, minor construction projects, energy savings performance contracts, utility energy service contracts, alternative financing, and expense funding, as appropriate.

“(d) Mid-Scale instrumentation program—The Director shall establish a mid-scale instrumentation program to enable the development and acquisition of novel, state-of-the-art instruments that would significantly accelerate scientific breakthroughs at national laboratory user facilities.”

Sec. 209 Authorization of appropriations

(a)
Fiscal year 2020— There are authorized to be appropriated to the Secretary for the Office of Science for fiscal year 2020 $7,000,000,000, of which—
(1)
$2,213,000,000 shall be for Basic Energy Science;
(2)
$1,045,000,000 shall be for High Energy Physics;
(3)
$750,000,000 shall be for Biological and Environmental Research;
(4)
$713,000,000 shall be for Nuclear Physics;
(5)
$980,000,000 shall be for Advanced Scientific Computing Research;
(6)
$671,000,000 shall be for Fusion Energy Sciences;
(7)
$301,000,000 shall be for Science Laboratories Infrastructure;
(8)
$186,300,000 shall be for Science Program Direction;
(9)
$112,700,000 shall be for Safeguards and Security; and
(10)
$28,000,000 shall be for Workforce Development for Teachers and Scientists.
(b)
Fiscal year 2021— There are authorized to be appropriated to the Secretary for the Office of Science for fiscal year 2021 $7,900,940,874, of which—
(1)
$2,685,840,000 shall be for Basic Energy Science;
(2)
$1,135,584,317 shall be for High Energy Physics;
(3)
$816,925,453 shall be for Biological and Environmental Research;
(4)
$799,544,060 shall be for Nuclear Physics;
(5)
$1,160,020,000 shall be for Advanced Scientific Computing Research;
(6)
$699,360,000 shall be for Fusion Energy Sciences;
(7)
$279,468,000 shall be for Science Laboratories Infrastructure;
(8)
$190,393,200 shall be for Science Program Direction;
(9)
$110,396,844 shall be for Safeguards and Security; and
(10)
$23,409,000 shall be for Workforce Development for Teachers and Scientists.
(c)
Fiscal year 2022— There are authorized to be appropriated to the Secretary for the Office of Science for fiscal year 2022 $8,559,100,770, of which—
(1)
$2,945,760,000 shall be for Basic Energy Science;
(2)
$1,213,376,476 shall be for High Energy Physics;
(3)
$872,888,179 shall be for Biological and Environmental Research;
(4)
$854,316,090 shall be for Nuclear Physics;
(5)
$1,272,280,000 shall be for Advanced Scientific Computing Research;
(6)
$767,040,000 shall be for Fusion Energy Sciences;
(7)
$302,757,000 shall be for Science Laboratories Infrastructure;
(8)
$194,201,064 shall be for Science Program Direction;
(9)
$112,604,781 shall be for Safeguards and Security; and
(10)
$23,877,180 shall be for Workforce Development for Teachers and Scientists.
(d)
Fiscal year 2023— There are authorized to be appropriated to the Secretary for the Office of Science for fiscal year 2023 $9,217,390,345, of which—
(1)
$3,205,680,000 shall be for Basic Energy Science;
(2)
$1,291,168,634 shall be for High Energy Physics;
(3)
$928,850,905 shall be for Biological and Environmental Research;
(4)
$909,088,120 shall be for Nuclear Physics;
(5)
$1,384,540,000 shall be for Advanced Scientific Computing Research;
(6)
$834,720,000 shall be for Fusion Energy Sciences;
(7)
$326,046,000 shall be for Science Laboratories Infrastructure;
(8)
$198,085,085 shall be for Science Program Direction;
(9)
$114,856,876 shall be for Safeguards and Security; and
(10)
$24,354,724 shall be for Workforce Development for Teachers and Scientists.
(e)
Fiscal year 2024— There are authorized to be appropriated to the Secretary for the Office of Science for fiscal year 2024 $9,875,812,193, of which—
(1)
$3,465,600,000 shall be for Basic Energy Science;
(2)
$1,368,960,793 shall be for High Energy Physics;
(3)
$984,813,632 shall be for Biological and Environmental Research;
(4)
$963,860,150 shall be for Nuclear Physics;
(5)
$1,496,800,000 shall be for Advanced Scientific Computing Research;
(6)
$902,400,000 shall be for Fusion Energy Sciences;
(7)
$349,335,000 shall be for Science Laboratories Infrastructure;
(8)
$202,046,787 shall be for Science Program Direction;
(9)
$117,154,014 shall be for Safeguards and Security; and
(10)
$24,841,818 shall be for Workforce Development for Teachers and Scientists.
(f)
Fiscal year 2025— There are authorized to be appropriated to the Secretary for the Office of Science for fiscal year 2025 $10,534,368,961, of which—
(1)
$3,725,520,000 shall be for Basic Energy Science;
(2)
$1,446,752,951 shall be for High Energy Physics;
(3)
$1,040,776,358 shall be for Biological and Environmental Research;
(4)
$1,018,632,180 shall be for Nuclear Physics;
(5)
$1,609,060,000 shall be for Advanced Scientific Computing Research;
(6)
$970,080,000 shall be for Fusion Energy Sciences;
(7)
$372,624,000 shall be for Science Laboratories Infrastructure;
(8)
$206,087,723 shall be for Science Program Direction;
(9)
$119,497,094 shall be for Safeguards and Security; and
(10)
$25,338,654 shall be for Workforce Development for Teachers and Scientists.
(g)
Fiscal year 2026— There are authorized to be appropriated to the Secretary for the Office of Science for fiscal year 2026 $11,193,063,345, of which—
(1)
$3,985,440,000 shall be for Basic Energy Science;
(2)
$1,524,545,110 shall be for High Energy Physics;
(3)
$1,096,739,084 shall be for Biological and Environmental Research;
(4)
$1,073,404,210 shall be for Nuclear Physics;
(5)
$1,721,320,000 shall be for Advanced Scientific Computing Research;
(6)
$1,037,760,000 shall be for Fusion Energy Sciences;
(7)
$395,913,000 shall be for Science Laboratories Infrastructure;
(8)
$210,209,477 shall be for Science Program Direction;
(9)
$121,887,036 shall be for Safeguards and Security; and
(10)
$25,845,428 shall be for Workforce Development for Teachers and Scientists.
(h)
Fiscal year 2027— There are authorized to be appropriated to the Secretary for the Office of Science for fiscal year 2027 $11,851,898,099, of which—
(1)
$4,245,360,000 shall be for Basic Energy Science;
(2)
$1,602,337,268 shall be for High Energy Physics;
(3)
$1,152,701,810 shall be for Biological and Environmental Research;
(4)
$1,128,176,240 shall be for Nuclear Physics;
(5)
$1,833,580,000 shall be for Advanced Scientific Computing Research;
(6)
$1,105,440,000 shall be for Fusion Energy Sciences;
(7)
$419,202,000 shall be for Science Laboratories Infrastructure;
(8)
$214,413,667 shall be for Science Program Direction;
(9)
$124,324,777 shall be for Safeguards and Security; and
(10)
$26,362,336 shall be for Workforce Development for Teachers and Scientists.
(i)
Fiscal year 2028— There are authorized to be appropriated to the Secretary for the Office of Science for fiscal year 2028 $12,510,876,029, of which—
(1)
$4,505,280,000 shall be for Basic Energy Science;
(2)
$1,680,129,427 shall be for High Energy Physics;
(3)
$1,208,664,537 shall be for Biological and Environmental Research;
(4)
$1,182,948,270 shall be for Nuclear Physics;
(5)
$1,945,840,000 shall be for Advanced Scientific Computing Research;
(6)
$1,173,120,000 shall be for Fusion Energy Sciences;
(7)
$442,491,000 shall be for Science Laboratories Infrastructure;
(8)
$218,701,940 shall be for Science Program Direction;
(9)
$126,811,272 shall be for Safeguards and Security; and
(10)
$26,889,583 shall be for Workforce Development for Teachers and Scientists.
(j)
Fiscal year 2029— There are authorized to be appropriated to the Secretary for the Office of Science for fiscal year 2029 $13,170,000,000, of which—
(1)
$4,765,200,000 shall be for Basic Energy Science;
(2)
$1,757,921,586 shall be for High Energy Physics;
(3)
$1,264,627,263 shall be for Biological and Environmental Research;
(4)
$1,237,720,300 shall be for Nuclear Physics;
(5)
$2,058,100,000 shall be for Advanced Scientific Computing Research;
(6)
$1,240,800,000 shall be for Fusion Energy Sciences;
(7)
$465,780,000 shall be for Science Laboratories Infrastructure;
(8)
$223,075,979 shall be for Science Program Direction;
(9)
$129,347,498 shall be for Safeguards and Security; and
(10)
$27,427,374 shall be for Workforce Development for Teachers and Scientists.

B Advanced Research Projects Agency–Energy

Sec. 211 Advanced Research Projects Agency–Energy

(a)
Establishment— Section 5012(b) of the America COMPETES Act (42 U.S.C. 16538(b)) is amended by striking “development of energy technologies” and inserting “development of transformative science and technology solutions to address energy, environmental, economic, and national security challenges”.
(b)
Goals— Section 5012(c) of the America COMPETES Act (42 U.S.C. 16538(c)) is amended—
(1)
by striking paragraph (1)(A) and inserting the following:

“(A) to enhance the economic and energy security of the United States through the development of energy technologies that—

“(i) reduce imports of energy from foreign sources;

“(ii) reduce energy-related emissions, including greenhouse gases;

“(iii) improve the energy efficiency of all economic sectors;

“(iv) provide transformative solutions to improve the management, clean-up, and disposal of—

“(I) low-level radioactive waste;

“(II) spent nuclear fuel; and

“(III) high-level radioactive waste;

“(v) improve efficiency and reduce the environmental impact of all forms of energy production;

“(vi) improve the resiliency, reliability, and security of the electric grid; and

“(vii) address other challenges within the mission of the Department as determined by the Secretary; and”

(2)
in paragraph (2), in the matter preceding subparagraph (A), by striking “energy technology projects” and inserting “advanced technology projects”.
(c)
Responsibilities— Section 5012(e)(3)(A) of the America COMPETES Act (42 U.S.C. 16538(e)(3)(A)) is amended by striking “energy”.
(d)
Reports and roadmaps— Section 5012(h) of the America COMPETES Act (42 U.S.C. 16538(h)) is amended to read as follows:

“(h) Annual report

“(1) In general—As part of the annual budget request submitted for each fiscal year, the Director shall provide to the relevant authorizing and appropriations committees of Congress a report that—

“(A) describes projects supported by ARPA–E during the previous fiscal year;

“(B) identifies and includes an analysis of projects supported by ARPA–E during the previous fiscal year that demonstrate duplication of other activities funded by the Department; and

“(C) describes current, proposed, and planned projects to be carried out pursuant to subsection (e)(3)(D).

“(2) Strategic vision roadmap—Beginning with the report submitted with respect to fiscal year 2020, and every 4 fiscal years thereafter, the report required under paragraph (1) shall include a roadmap describing the strategic vision that ARPA–E will use to guide the choices of ARPA–E for future technology investments over the following 4 fiscal years.”

(e)
Coordination and nonduplication— Section 5012(i)(1) of the America COMPETES Act (42 U.S.C. 16538(i)(1)) is amended to read as follows:

“(1) In general—To the maximum extent practicable, the Director shall ensure that—

“(A) the activities of ARPA–E are coordinated with, and do not duplicate the efforts of, programs and laboratories within the Department and other relevant research agencies; and

“(B) ARPA–E does not provide funding for a project unless the prospective grantee demonstrates sufficient attempts to secure private financing or indicates that the project is not independently commercially viable.”

(f)
Evaluation— Section 5012(l) of the America COMPETES Act (42 U.S.C. 16538(l)) is amended—
(1)
by striking paragraph (1) and inserting the following:

“(1) In general—Not later than 3 years after the date of enactment of the Securing American Leadership in Science and Technology Act of 2020, the Secretary is authorized to enter into a contract with a third-party entity to conduct an evaluation of how well ARPA–E is achieving the goals and mission of ARPA–E.”

(2)
in paragraph (2)—
(A)
by striking “shall” and inserting “may”; and
(B)
by striking “the recommendation of the National Academy of Sciences” and inserting “a recommendation”.
(g)
Authorization of appropriations— Paragraph (2) of section 5012(o) of the America COMPETES Act (42 U.S.C. 16538(o)) is amended to read as follows:

“(2) Authorization of appropriations—Subject to paragraph (4), there are authorized to be appropriated to the Director for deposit in the Fund without fiscal year limitation—

“(A) $392,800,000 for fiscal year 2020;

“(B) $419,600,000 for fiscal year 2021;

“(C) $446,400,000 for fiscal year 2022;

“(D) $473,200,000 for fiscal year 2023;

“(E) $500,000,000 for fiscal year 2024;

“(F) $600,000,000 for fiscal year 2025;

“(G) $700,000,000 for fiscal year 2026;

“(H) $800,000,000 for fiscal year 2027;

“(I) $900,000,000 for fiscal year 2028; and

“(J) $1,000,000,000 for fiscal year 2029.”

(h)
Technical amendments— Section 5012(g)(3)(A)(iii) of the America COMPETES Act (42 U.S.C. 16538(g)(3)(A)(iii)) is amended by striking “subpart” each place it appears and inserting “subparagraph”.

C DOE Clean Energy Infrastructure

Sec. 221 Regional Energy Innovation Centers

(a)
Definitions— In this section:
(1)
Advanced energy technology— The term advanced energy technology means—
(A)
an innovative technology—
(i)
that produces energy from solar, wind, geothermal, biomass, tidal, wave, ocean, or other renewable energy resources;
(ii)
that produces nuclear energy;
(iii)
for carbon capture and sequestration;
(iv)
that enables advanced vehicles, vehicle components, and related technologies that result in significant energy savings;
(v)
that generates, transmits, distributes, uses, or stores energy more efficiently than conventional technologies, including through Smart Grid technologies; or
(vi)
that enhances the energy independence and security of the United States by enabling improved or expanded supply and production of domestic energy resources, including coal, oil, and natural gas;
(B)
a research, development, demonstration, or commercial application activity necessary to ensure the long-term, secure, and sustainable supply of an energy critical element; or
(C)
any other innovative energy technology area identified by the Secretary.
(2)
Qualifying entity— The term qualifying entity means—
(A)
an institution of higher education;
(B)
an appropriate State or Federal entity, including a federally funded research and development center of the Department;
(C)
a nonprofit research institution;
(D)
a multi-institutional collaboration; or
(E)
any other relevant entity the Secretary determines appropriate.
(b)
Authorization of program—
(1)
In general—
(A)
The Secretary shall carry out a program to enhance the economic, environmental, and energy security of the United States by establishing and operating Regional Energy Innovation Centers in diverse regions of the United States, in order to provide, to the maximum extent practicable, one centralized location for multidisciplinary, collaborative research, development, and demonstration of advanced energy technologies most suited to commercial application in each region of the United States.
(B)
In establishing the centers authorized in subparagraph (A), the Secretary shall consider the diverse natural resources available throughout the United States, and maximize the opportunities for cooperation between institutes of higher education, industry, State and local governments, and nonprofit research institutions with shared areas of energy expertise.
(2)
Technology development focus— The Secretary shall designate for each center a unique advanced energy technology or basic research focus. In establishing focus areas for each center, the Secretary shall consider the energy needs, resources, and expertise available in each region of the United States.
(3)
Coordination— The Secretary shall ensure the coordination of, and avoid unnecessary duplication of, the activities of each center with the activities of—
(A)
other research entities of the Department, including the National Laboratories, the Advanced Research Projects Agency–Energy, Energy Innovation Hubs, and Energy Frontier Research Centers; and
(B)
industry.
(c)
Application process—
(1)
Eligibility— To be eligible to receive an award for the establishment and operation of a center established under subsection (b)(1)(A), a consortium shall—
(A)
be composed of not fewer than two qualifying entities;
(B)
operate subject to a binding agreement, entered into by each member of the consortium, that documents—
(i)
the proposed partnership agreement, including the governance and management structure of the center;
(ii)
measures the consortium will undertake to enable cost-effective implementation of activities under the program described in subsection (b)(1); and
(iii)
a proposed budget, including financial contributions from non-Federal sources; and
(C)
operate as a nonprofit organization.
(2)
Selection— The Secretary shall consider applications from qualifying entities, and select centers authorized under subsection (b)(1)(A) on a competitive, merit-reviewed basis.
(3)
Duration— A center established under this section shall receive support for a period of not more than 5 years, subject to the availability of appropriations.
(4)
Renewal— Upon the expiration of any period of support of a center under this section, the Director may renew support for the center, on a merit-reviewed basis, for a period of not more than 5 years.
(5)
Termination— Consistent with the existing authorities of the Department, the Director may terminate an underperforming center for cause during the performance period.
(d)
Center operations—
(1)
In general— Each center shall conduct or provide for multidisciplinary, collaborative research, development, demonstration of advanced energy technologies within the technology development focus designated under subsection (b)(2).
(2)
Activities— Each center shall—
(A)
encourage collaboration and communication among the member qualifying entities of the consortium and awardees;
(B)
develop and make publicly available proposed plans and programs; and
(C)
submit an annual report to the Department summarizing the activities of the center, including—
(i)
detailing organizational expenditures; and
(ii)
describing each project undertaken by the center.
(3)
Conflicts of interest— Each center shall maintain conflict of interest procedures, consistent with the conflict of interest procedures of the Department.
(4)
Prohibition on construction—
(A)
In general— Except as provided in subparagraph (B)—
(i)
no funds provided under this section may be used for construction of new buildings or facilities for centers; and
(ii)
construction of new buildings or facilities shall not be considered as part of the non-Federal share of a Hub cost-sharing agreement.
(B)
Test bed and renovation exception— Nothing in this paragraph prohibits the use of funds provided under this section or non-Federal cost share funds for the construction of a test bed or renovations to existing user facilities if the Secretary determines such facilities are necessary and applicable to conduct research within the focus areas identified for each center.

Sec. 222 Versatile neutron source

(a)
In general— The Secretary of Energy shall construct a versatile reactor-based fast neutron source, which shall operate as a national user facility. The Secretary shall consult with the private sector, universities, National Laboratories, and relevant Federal agencies to ensure that the versatile neutron source is capable of meeting Federal research needs for neutron irradiation services.
(b)
Facility capabilities—
(1)
Capabilities— The Secretary shall ensure that the facility described in subsection (a) will provide, at a minimum, the following capabilities:
(A)
Fast neutron spectrum irradiation capability.
(B)
Capacity for upgrades to accommodate new or expanded research needs.
(2)
Considerations— In carrying out paragraph (1), the Secretary shall consider the following:
(A)
Capabilities that support experimental high-temperature testing.
(B)
Providing a source of fast neutrons at a neutron flux higher than that at which existing research facilities operate, sufficient to enable research for an optimal base of prospective users.
(C)
Maximizing irradiation flexibility and irradiation volume to accommodate as many concurrent users as possible.
(D)
Capabilities for irradiation with neutrons of a lower energy spectrum.
(E)
Multiple loops for fuels and materials testing of different coolants.
(F)
Capabilities that support irradiating and processing targets for isotope production.
(G)
Additional pre-irradiation and post-irradiation examination capabilities.
(H)
Lifetime operating costs and lifecycle costs.
(c)
Start of operations— The Secretary shall, to the maximum extent practicable, ensure that the start of full operations of the facility under this section occurs before December 31, 2025.
(d)
Funding— There are authorized to be appropriated to the Secretary for the Office of Nuclear Energy to carry out to completion the construction of the facility under this section—
(1)
$200,000,000 for fiscal year 2020;
(2)
$260,000,000 for fiscal year 2021;
(3)
$340,000,000 for fiscal year 2022;
(4)
$350,000,000 for fiscal year 2023;
(5)
$350,000,000 for fiscal year 2024;
(6)
$350,000,000 for fiscal year 2025;
(7)
$200,000,000 for fiscal year 2026;
(8)
$150,000,000 for fiscal year 2027;
(9)
$100,000,000 for fiscal year 2028; and
(10)
$50,000,000 for fiscal year 2029.

Sec. 223 Carbon utilization research and development infrastructure

(a)
In general— The Secretary shall carry out a program to conduct basic and fundamental research in materials science, chemistry, subsurface instrumentation, and data analysis to inform the research, development, and demonstration of carbon capture, storage, and utilization technologies and techniques, and to facilitate the translation of basic research results to industry.
(b)
Coordination— In carrying out program under subsection (a), the Secretary shall leverage expertise and resources and facilitate collaboration and coordination between—
(1)
the Office of Fossil Energy; and
(2)
the Office of Science.
(c)
Carbon utilization energy innovation hub— In carrying out the program under subsection (a), the Secretary shall establish and operate a national Carbon Utilization Energy Innovation Hub (referred to in this section as the “Hub”), which shall focus on early stage research and development activities including—
(1)
post-combustion and pre-combustion capture of carbon dioxide;
(2)
advanced compression technologies for new and existing fossil fuel-fired power plants;
(3)
technologies to convert carbon dioxide to valuable products and commodities; and
(4)
advanced carbon dioxide storage technologies that consider a range of storage regimes.
(d)
Selection— The Secretary shall select the Hub under this section on a competitive, merit-reviewed basis. The Secretary shall consider applications from National Laboratories, institutions of higher education, multi-institutional collaborations, and other appropriate entities.
(e)
Duration— The Hub established under this section shall receive support for a period of not more than 5 years, subject to the availability of appropriations.
(f)
Renewal— Upon the expiration of any period of support of the Hub, the Secretary may renew support for the Hub, on a merit-reviewed basis, for a period of not more than 5 years.
(g)
Termination— Consistent with the existing authorities of the Department, the Secretary may terminate the Hub for cause during the performance period.

Sec. 224 Frontier Observatory for Research in Geothermal Energy

(a)
In general— The Secretary shall support the establishment and construction of up to 3 field research sites operated by public or academic entities, which shall each be known as a “Frontier Observatory for Research in Geothermal Energy” or “FORGE” site to develop, test, and enhance techniques and tools for enhanced geothermal energy.
(b)
Duties— The Secretary shall—
(1)
award grants in support of research and development projects focused on advanced monitoring technologies, new technologies and approaches for implementing multi-zone stimulations, and dynamic reservoir modeling that incorporates all available high-fidelity characterization data; and
(2)
seek opportunities to coordinate efforts and share information with domestic and international partners engaged in research and development of geothermal systems and related technology.
(c)
Site selection— Of the FORGE sites referred to in subsection (a), the Secretary shall—
(1)
consider applications through a competitive, merit-reviewed process, from National Laboratories, multi-institutional collaborations, institutes of higher education and other appropriate entities best suited to provide national leadership on geothermal related issues and perform the duties enumerated under subsection (b); and
(2)
prioritize existing field sites and facilities with capabilities relevant to the duties enumerated under subsection (b).
(d)
Funding— There is authorized to be appropriated to the Secretary to carry out the FORGE activities under this section—
(1)
$45,000,000 for fiscal year 2020;
(2)
$55,000,000 for fiscal year 2021;
(3)
$65,000,000 for fiscal year 2022;
(4)
$70,000,000 for fiscal year 2023;
(5)
$70,000,000 for fiscal year 2024;
(6)
$70,000,000 for fiscal year 2025;
(7)
$70,000,000 for fiscal year 2026;
(8)
$70,000,000 for fiscal year 2027;
(9)
$70,000,000 for fiscal year 2028; and
(10)
$70,000,000 for fiscal year 2029.
(e)
Portfolio balance— In carrying out this section, the Secretary shall consider the balance between funds dedicated to construction and operations and research activities to reflect the state of site development.

Sec. 225 Advanced energy storage initiative

(a)
In general— The Secretary shall carry out a research initiative to be known as the “Advanced Energy Storage Initiative” (referred to in this section as the “Initiative”) to support and accelerate the research, development, and demonstration of advanced energy storage technologies, in order to—
(1)
support basic research in capabilities that enable temporal flexibility in the conversion of energy resources to useful energy services;
(2)
inform the development of a broad range of energy storage systems; and
(3)
facilitate the translation of basic research results in energy storage to industry.
(b)
Leveraging— In carrying out programs and activities under the Initiative, the Secretary shall leverage expertise and resources and facilitate collaboration between—
(1)
the Office of Electricity;
(2)
the Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy;
(3)
the Office of Fossil Energy;
(4)
the Office of Nuclear Energy; and
(5)
the Basic Energy Sciences Program and Advanced Scientific Computing Program of the Office of Science.
(c)
Grid scale energy storage user facilities— Not later than 180 days after the date of enactment of this Act, the Secretary shall transmit to the Committee on Science, Space, and Technology of the House of Representatives and the Committee on Energy and Natural Resources of the Senate a 4-year research plan that identifies and prioritizes basic research needs relating to the development, construction, operation, and maintenance of grid scale energy storage technology demonstration projects, which shall operate as national user facilities.

Sec. 226 Critical infrastructure research and construction

(a)
In general— The Secretary shall carry out a program of fundamental research, development, and early-stage demonstration of innovative engineered systems and tools to help ensure the resilience and security of critical integrated grid infrastructures.
(b)
Coordination— In carrying out the program under subsection (a), the Secretary shall leverage expertise and resources and facilitate collaboration and coordination between—
(1)
the Office of Electricity;
(2)
the Office of Cybersecurity, Energy Security, and Emergency Response;
(3)
the Office of Science;
(4)
the Department of Defense; and
(5)
the Department of Homeland Security.
(c)
Critical infrastructure test range— In carrying out the program under subsection (a), the Secretary shall establish and operate a Critical Infrastructure Test Range (referred to in this section as the “Test Range”) that allows for scalable physical and cyber performance testing to be conducted on industry-scale infrastructure systems. This facility shall include a focus on—
(1)
cyber security test beds; and
(2)
electric grid test beds.
(d)
Selection— The Secretary shall select the Test Range under this section on a competitive, merit-reviewed basis. The Secretary shall consider applications from National Laboratories, institutions of higher education, multi-institutional collaborations, and other appropriate entities.
(e)
Duration— The Test Range established under this section shall receive support for a period of not more than 5 years, subject to the availability of appropriations.
(f)
Renewal— Upon the expiration of any period of support of the Test Range, the Secretary may renew support for the Test Range, on a merit-reviewed basis, for a period of not more than 5 years.
(g)
Termination— Consistent with the existing authorities of the Department, the Secretary may terminate the Test Range for cause during the performance period.