Title II — Deterring further Russian aggression in Europe

to use all appropriate elements of United States national power, in coordination with United States allies, to protect the independence, sovereignty, and territorial and economic integrity of Ukraine and other sovereign states in Europe and Eurasia from Russian aggression;

to actively work to deter further Russian aggression toward Ukraine and other sovereign states in Europe and Eurasia by imposing costs on the Russia Federation for its ongoing activities, as well as to make clear the consequences for further aggressive activities;

to work with United States partners in the European Union, NATO, and at the United Nations to ensure that all states, including the Russian Federation, recognize and not undermine, nor seek to undermine, the independence, sovereignty, or territorial or economic integrity of Ukraine and other sovereign states in Europe and Eurasia;

to condemn the continuing and long-standing pattern and practice by the Government of the Russian Federation of physical and economic aggression toward various countries in Europe and Eurasia;

to condemn the unjustified military intervention of the Russian Federation in the Crimea region of Ukraine and its concurrent occupation of that region, as well as any other form of political, economic, or military aggression toward Ukraine and other sovereign states in Europe and Eurasia, including the unnecessary and destabilizing presence of tens of thousands of Russian troops along the Ukrainian border;

to condemn economic extortion by the Government of the Russian Federation against the governments and people of Ukraine, Moldova, Lithuania, Georgia, and other countries in the region designed to obstruct closer ties between the European Union and the countries of the Eastern Partnership and to reduce the harmful consequences of such extortion;

to reaffirm the commitment of the United States to, and to remind Russia of its ongoing obligations under, and commitment to, the 1994 Budapest Memorandum on Security Assurances, which was executed jointly with the Russian Federation and the United Kingdom and explicitly secures the independence, sovereignty, and territorial integrity and borders of Ukraine;

to not recognize the unlawful referendum that took place in Crimea on March 16, 2014, or the Russian Federation’s illegal annexation of Crimea, including to not recognize any de jure or de facto sovereignty of the Russian Federation over Crimea, its airspace, or its territorial waters, and to call for the immediate reversal of the Russian Federation’s illegal annexation of Crimea;

to condemn the unjustified activities of agents of the Russian Federation in eastern Ukraine seeking to foment civil unrest and disturbance;

to support the people of Ukraine, Moldova, and Georgia in their desire to forge closer ties with Europe, including signing an Association Agreement with the European Union as a means to address endemic corruption, consolidate democracy, and achieve sustained prosperity;

to enhance and extend United States security cooperation with, security assistance to, and military exercises conducted with, states in Europe and Eurasia, including NATO member countries, NATO aspirants, and appropriate Eastern Partnership countries;

to reaffirm United States defense commitments to its treaty allies under Article V of the North Atlantic Treaty;

that the continued participation of the Russian Federation in the Group of Eight (G–8) states and its receipt of assistance from the World Bank Group should be conditioned on the Government of the Russian Federation respecting the territorial integrity of its neighbors and accepting and adhering to the norms and standards of free, democratic societies;

to support the people of Ukraine and Moldova in their efforts to conduct free and fair elections, including the Presidential elections in Ukraine in May 2014 and the parliamentary elections in Moldova in November 2014, as well as any subsequent elections;

to support the May 2012 NATO Chicago Summit Declaration’s statement that “[i]n accordance with Article 10 of the Washington Treaty, NATO’s door will remain open to all European democracies which share the values of our Alliance, which are willing and able to assume the responsibilities and obligations of membership, which are in a position to further the principles of the Treaty, and whose inclusion can contribute to security in the North Atlantic area,” particularly those cases where the aspirant is able to meet appropriate defense spending commitments and prepared to contribute to ongoing and future contingency operations; and

to explore ways for the United States Government to assist the countries of Europe and Eurasia to diversify their energy sources and achieve energy security, including through the development of a transatlantic energy strategy.

Waiver— The President may waive the application of sanctions under this section with respect to a person or a transaction if the President—

Publication of list of sanctioned persons— Not later than 7 days after the imposition of sanctions pursuant to subsection (a), the President shall publish a list of the persons with respect to which sanctions were imposed pursuant to that subsection.

Regulatory authority— The President shall issue such regulations, licenses, and orders as are necessary to carry out this section.

In general— If the armed forces of the Russian Federation expand further into, or the Government of the Russian Federation annexes, the sovereign territory of Ukraine or any other country in Europe or Eurasia after the date of the enactment of this Act without the consent of the legally recognized government of that country—

Waiver— The President may waive the application of sanctions under subsection (b) with respect to a person or transaction if the President—

Publication of list of sanctioned persons— Not later than 7 days after the imposition of sanctions pursuant to subsection (a), the President shall publish a list of the persons with respect to which sanctions were imposed pursuant to that subsection.

Regulatory authority— The President shall issue such regulations, licenses, and orders as are necessary to carry out this section.

In general— If the Government of the Russian Federation has not withdrawn substantially all of the armed forces of the Russian Federation from the immediate vicinity of the eastern border of Ukraine by not later than the date that is 30 days after the date of the enactment of this Act, or agents of the Russian Federation do not cease taking active measures to destabilize the control of the Government of Ukraine over eastern Ukraine on or after that date (including through active support of efforts to unlawfully occupy facilities of the Government of Ukraine), the Secretary of Commerce, in consultation with the Secretary of State, shall revise the Export Administration Regulations under subchapter C of chapter VII of title 15, Code of Federal Regulations, to strictly limit the transfer or export by any United States person of any advanced technology described in subsection (b) to any person in the Russian Federation or any citizen of the Russian Federation.

Advanced technology described— Advanced technology described in this subsection is advanced technology that—

Limited exception— The President may authorize a transaction for the transfer or export by a United States person of an advanced technology described in subsection (b) if the President determines that such authorization is in the national security interests of the United States.

Duration of regulations— The prohibition under subsection (a) shall remain in effect until such time as the President—

Regulatory authority— The President shall issue such regulations, licenses, and orders as are necessary to carry out this section.

Limiting defense sales and defense industrial cooperation— The Secretary of State, in coordination with the Secretary of Defense and the Secretary of Commerce, shall work with United States allies in Europe and around the world to strictly limit—

Duration of limits— The diplomatic measures required to be instituted pursuant to subsection (a) shall remain in effect until such time as the President determines in writing to the appropriate congressional committees that such diplomatic measures are no longer warranted or appropriate, including a justification for such determination.

Restriction on force posture adjustments pursuant to the new START Treaty— The President shall not take any steps to reduce the number of accountable deployed or non-deployed launchers under the Treaty between the United States of America and the Russian Federation on Measures for the Further Reduction and Limitation of Strategic Offensive Arms, signed at Prague April 8, 2010, and entered into force February 5, 2011 (commonly referred to as the “New START Treaty”), while the armed forces of the Russian Federation remain prepositioned to strike Ukraine or are threatening the territorial integrity or sovereignty of Ukraine or another European or Eurasian state.

Report on Russian violations of international agreements— Not later than 90 days after the date of the enactment of this Act, the President shall submit to the appropriate congressional committees a report detailing any and all violations of international or bilateral arms control or other agreements by the Russian Federation since the entry into force of the Intermediate-Range Nuclear Forces Treaty, including any suspected or confirmed violations of that treaty and the implications of the Russian suspension of the Treaty on Conventional Forces in Europe, as well as any steps taken by the President to hold the Russian Federation accountable for any such violations.

Limitations on Open Skies Treaty flights— The President shall not authorize any overflights of the territory of the United States or United States Government facilities or installations by aircraft of the Russian Federation pursuant to the Treaty on Open Skies, signed at Helsinki March 24, 1992, and entered into force January 1, 2002, that employ any surveillance devices beyond those employed on such aircraft prior to January 1, 2014.

Report on alternatives to Russian rocket engines— Not later than 180 days after the date of the enactment of this Act, the President shall submit to the appropriate congressional committees a report on alternatives to the use of RD–180 rocket engines produced in the Russian Federation for national security launches and a recommendation on whether any domestic alternatives to the use of such engines should be pursued in the next two fiscal years.

Additional consular activities— The Secretary of State shall prioritize and undertake efforts to identify and provide access to appropriate consular resources, including prioritized access to applications for refugee and other appropriate immigration or travel status to the United States, for journalists and political and civil society activists and dissidents in the Russian Federation.

Report on russian economy— Not later than 90 days after the date of the enactment of this Act, and every 90 days thereafter, the Assistant Secretary of State for Intelligence and Research shall submit to the appropriate congressional committees and make publically available a report on the state of economic activity and government-owned enterprises in the Russian Federation. The report shall analyze relevant economic indicators, including gross domestic product (GDP) and the amount of GDP derived from government spending, money supply, inflation, unemployment, capital flows, and foreign direct investment.

In general— The Secretary of State shall increase efforts, directly or through nongovernmental organizations, to—

Authorization of appropriations— There is authorized to be appropriated to the Secretary of State $10,000,000 for each of fiscal years 2015 through 2017 to carry out the activities set forth in subsection (a).

Strategy requirement— Not later than 60 days after the date of the enactment of this Act, the President shall submit to the appropriate congressional committees a strategy to carry out the activities set forth in subsection (a).