Title V — Tax Exempt Entities
V Tax Exempt Entities
A Unrelated Business Income Tax
Sec. 5002 Name and logo royalties treated as unrelated business taxable income
“(k) Name and logo royalties—Any sale or licensing by an organization of any name or logo of the organization (including any trademark or copyright relating to such name or logo) shall be treated as an unrelated trade or business regularly carried on by such organization.”
“(20) Special rule for name and logo royalties—Notwithstanding paragraph (1), (2), (3), or (5), any income derived from any sale or licensing described in section 513(k) shall be included as an item of gross income derived from an unrelated trade or business.”
Sec. 5003 Unrelated business taxable income separately computed for each trade or business activity
“(6) Special rule for organization with more than 1 unrelated trade or business—In the case of any organization with more than 1 unrelated trade or business—
“(A) unrelated business taxable income shall be computed separately with respect to each such trade or business and without regard to subsection (b)(12),
“(B) the unrelated business taxable income of such organization shall be the sum of the unrelated business taxable income so computed with respect to each such trade or business, less a specific deduction under subsection (b)(12), and
“(C) for purposes of subparagraph (B), unrelated business taxable income with respect to any such trade or business shall not be less than zero, and
“(D) the net operating loss deduction shall only be allowed with respect to the trade or business from which the net operating loss arose.”
Sec. 5004 Exclusion of research income limited to publicly available research
Sec. 5005 Parity of charitable contribution limitation between trusts and corporations
Sec. 5006 Increased specific deduction
Sec. 5007 Repeal of exclusion of gain or loss from disposition of distressed property
Sec. 5008 Qualified sponsorship payments
“(iii) Use or acknowledgment limited in case of certain events—In the case of an event with respect to which an organization receives an aggregate amount of qualified sponsorship payments greater than $25,000, a payment shall not be treated as a qualified sponsorship payment for purposes of paragraph (1) unless the use or acknowledgment of the sponsor’s name or logo appears with, and in substantially the same manner as, the names of a significant portion of other donors to the organization. For purposes of the preceding sentence, whether a number of donors is a significant portion shall be determined based on the total number of donors and the total contributed with respect to the event, but in no event shall fewer than 2 other donors be treated as a significant portion of other donors.”
B Penalties
Sec. 5101 Increase in information return penalties
Sec. 5102 Manager-level accuracy-related penalty on underpayment of unrelated business income tax
“(k) Manager-Level penalty for substantial underpayment of unrelated business income tax
“(1) In general—In the case of any substantial underpayment of income tax which is attributable to the tax imposed by section 511 on the unrelated business taxable income of an organization for the taxable year, there is hereby imposed a tax with respect to such organization an amount equal to 5 percent of such underpayment to which the underpayment relates. Such tax shall be paid by any manager of the organization.
“(2) Manager—For purposes of this subsection, the term “manager” means any officer, director, trustee, employee, or other individual who is under a duty to perform an act in respect of which the underpayment relates.
“(3) Joint and several liability—If more than one person is liable under paragraph (1) with respect to an underpayment, all such persons shall be jointly and severally liable under such paragraph with respect to such underpayment
“(4) Limit—With respect to any substantial underpayment of income tax for a taxable year, the maximum amount of the tax added by paragraph (1) shall not exceed $20,000.”
“(f) Manager-Level penalty in case of unrelated business income tax
“(1) In general—In the case of any portion of a reportable transaction understatement of the tax imposed by section 511 to which this section applies, there is hereby imposed a tax in an amount equal to 10 percent of such portion of the underpayment to which the reportable transaction understatement occurs. Such tax shall be paid by any manager of the organization.
“(2) Manager—For purposes of this subsection, the term “manager” means any officer, director, trustee, employee, or other individual who is under a duty to perform an act in respect of which such understatement occurs.
“(3) Joint and several liability—If more than one person is liable under paragraph (1) with respect to an understatement, all such persons shall be jointly and severally liable under such paragraph with respect to such understatement.
“(4) Limit—With respect to any understatement of tax to which this section applies, the maximum amount of the tax added by paragraph (1) shall not exceed $40,000”
“(l) Coordination with other penalties—This section shall not apply to any portion of an underpayment on which a penalty is imposed under section 6663. Except as provided in paragraph (1) or (2)(B) of section 6662A(e), this section shall not apply to the portion of any underpayment which is attributable to a reportable transaction understatement on which a penalty is imposed under section 6662A.”
C Excise Taxes
Sec. 5201 Modification of intermediate sanctions
“(3) On the organization—In any case in which a tax is imposed by paragraph (1), there is hereby imposed on the organization a tax equal to 10 percent of the excess benefit.”
“(3) Minimum standards of organization due diligence
“(A) In general—Subsection (a)(3) shall not apply to a transaction, if—
“(i) the organization establishes that the minimum standards of due diligence described in subparagraph (B) were met with respect to the transaction, or
“(ii) the organization establishes to the satisfaction of the Secretary that such other reasonable procedures were used to ensure that no excess benefit was provided.
“(B) Minimum standards—An organization shall be treated as satisfying the minimum standards of due diligence described in this subparagraph with respect to any transaction, if—
“(i) the transaction was approved in advance by an authorized body of the organization composed entirely of individuals who did not have a conflict of interest with respect to the transaction,
“(ii) the authorized body obtained and relied upon appropriate data as to comparability prior to approval of the transaction, and
“(iii) the authorizing body adequately and concurrently documented the basis for approving the transaction.
“(C) No presumption as to reasonableness—Meeting the requirements of clause (i) or (ii) of subparagraph (A) with respect to a transaction shall not give rise to a presumption of reasonableness for purposes of the taxes imposed by paragraphs (1) or (2) of subsection (a) and shall not, by itself, support a conclusion that a manager did not act knowingly for purposes of subsection (a)(2).”
“(g) No safe harbor for reliance on professional advice—An organization manager’s reliance on a written opinion of a professional with respect to elements of a transaction within the professional’s expertise shall not, by itself, preclude the manager from being treated as participating in the transaction knowingly.”
“(G) any person who performs services as an athletic coach for the organization.”
“(B) Investment advisor defined—For purposes of subparagraph (A), the term “investment advisor” means—
“(i) with respect to any organization, any person who is compensated by such organization and is primarily responsible for managing the investment of, or providing investment advice with respect to, assets of such organization, and
“(ii) with respect to any sponsoring organization (as defined in section 4966(d)(1)), any person (other than an employee of such organization) compensated by such organization for managing the investment of, or providing investment advice with respect to, assets maintained in donor advised funds (as defined in section 4966(d)(2)) owned by such organization.”
Sec. 5202 Modification of taxes on self-dealing
“(3) On the foundation—In any case in which a tax is imposed by paragraph (1), there is hereby imposed on the foundation a tax equal to 2.5 percent (10 percent in the case payment of compensation) of the amount involved with respect to the act of self-dealing for each year (or part thereof) in the taxable period.”
“(f) No safe harbor for reliance on advice of counsel—A foundation manager’s reliance on a written legal opinion by legal counsel that an act is not an act of self-dealing shall not, by itself, preclude the manager from being treated as participating in the act knowingly.”
Sec. 5203 Excise tax on failure to distribute within 5 years contribution to donor advised fund
“4968. Failure to distribute contributions within 5 years
“(a) In general—In the case of a contribution which is held in a donor advised fund, there is hereby imposed a tax equal to 20 percent of so much of the portion of such contribution as has not been distributed by the sponsoring organization in an eligible distribution before the beginning of the 6th (or succeeding) taxable year beginning after the taxable year during which such contribution was made. The tax imposed by this subsection shall be paid by such sponsoring organization.
“(b) Treatment of distributions—For purposes of this section—
“(1) Eligible distribution—The term “eligible distribution” means any distribution to an organization described in section 170(b)(1)(A) (other than an organization described in section 509(a)(3) or any fund or account described in section 4966(d)(2).
“(2) Accounting—Distributions shall be treated as made from contributions (and any earnings attributable thereto) on a first-in, first-out basis.”
Sec. 5204 Simplification of excise tax on private foundation investment income
Sec. 5205 Repeal of exception for private operating foundation failure to distribute income
“(H) Private operating foundation—For purposes of this paragraph, the term “private operating foundation” means any organization—
“(i) which makes qualifying distributions (within the meaning of paragraph (1) or (2) of section 4942(g)) directly for the active conduct of the activities constituting the purpose or function for which it is organized and operated equal to substantially all of the lesser of—
“(I) its adjusted net income (as defined in subsection section 4942(f)), or
“(II) its minimum investment return, and
“(ii)
“(I) substantially more than half of the assets of which are devoted directly to such activities or to functionally related businesses, or to both, or are stock of a corporation which is controlled by the foundation and substantially all of the assets of which are so devoted,
“(II) which normally makes qualifying distributions (within the meaning of paragraph (1) or (2) of section 4942(g)) directly for the active conduct of the activities constituting the purpose or function for which it is organized and operated in an amount not less than two-thirds of its minimum investment return (as defined in section 4942(e)), or
“(III) substantially all of the support (other than gross investment income as defined in section 509(e)) of which is normally received from the general public and from 5 or more exempt organizations which are not described in section 4946(a)(1)(H) with respect to each other or the recipient foundation; not more than 25 percent of the support (other than gross investment income) of which is normally received from any one such exempt organization; and not more than half of the support of which is normally received from gross investment income.
“(I) Functionally related business—For purposes of subparagraph (H), the term “functionally related business” means—
“(i) a trade or business which is not an unrelated trade or business (as defined in section 513), or
“(ii) an activity which is carried on within a larger aggregate of similar activities or within a larger complex of other endeavors which is related (aside from the need of the organization for income or funds or the use it makes of the profits derived) to the exempt purposes of the organization.”
Sec. 5206 Excise tax based on investment income of private colleges and universities
“H Excise tax based on investment income of private colleges and universities
“4969. Excise tax based on investment income of private colleges and universities
“(a) Tax imposed—There is hereby imposed on each applicable educational institution for the taxable year a tax equal to 1 percent of the net investment income of such institution for the taxable year.
“(b) Applicable educational institution—For purposes of this subchapter—
“(1) In general—The term “applicable educational institution” means an eligible educational institution (as defined in section 25A(e)(3))—
“(A) which is not described in the first sentence of section 511(a)(2)(B) (relating to State colleges and universities), and
“(B) the aggregate fair market value of the assets of which at the end of the preceding taxable year (other than those assets which are used (or held for use) directly in carrying out the institution’s exempt purpose) is at least $100,000 per student of the institution.
“(2) Students—For purposes of paragraph (1)(B), the number of students of an institution shall be based on the daily average number of full-time students attending such institution (with part-time students taken into account on a full-time student equivalent basis).
“(c) Net investment income—For purposes of this section, net investment income shall be determined under rules similar to the rules of section 4940(c).”
D Requirements for Organizations Exempt From Tax
Sec. 5301 Repeal of tax-exempt status for professional sports leagues
Sec. 5302 Repeal of exemption from tax for certain insurance companies and co-op health insurance issuers
“(d) Cross reference—For taxation of foreign corporations carrying on an insurance business within the United States, see section 842.”