---
kind: "range"
citation: "44 U.S.C. §§ 3501–3521"
title: "44"
from: "3501"
to: "3521"
count: 22
release: "119-102"
url: "https://uscodex.org/usc/44/3501..3521"
---

# §3501. Purposes


The purposes of this subchapter are to—

- (1) minimize the paperwork [burden](/usc/44/3502.md?p=2) for individuals, small businesses, educational and nonprofit institutions, Federal contractors, State, local and tribal governments, and other [persons](/usc/44/3502.md?p=10) resulting from the [collection of information](/usc/44/3502.md?p=3) by or for the Federal Government;
- (2) ensure the greatest possible public benefit from and maximize the utility of information created, collected, maintained, used, shared and disseminated by or for the Federal Government;
- (3) coordinate, integrate, and to the extent practicable and appropriate, make uniform Federal [information resources management](/usc/44/3502.md?p=7) policies and practices as a means to improve the productivity, efficiency, and effectiveness of Government programs, including the reduction of information collection [burdens](/usc/44/3502.md?p=2) on the public and the improvement of service delivery to the public;
- (4) improve the quality and use of Federal information to strengthen decisionmaking, accountability, and openness in Government and society;
- (5) minimize the cost to the Federal Government of the creation, collection, maintenance, use, dissemination, and disposition of information;
- (6) strengthen the partnership between the Federal Government and State, local, and tribal governments by minimizing the [burden](/usc/44/3502.md?p=2) and maximizing the utility of information created, collected, maintained, used, disseminated, and retained by or for the Federal Government;
- (7) provide for the dissemination of [public information](/usc/44/3502.md?p=12) on a timely basis, on equitable terms, and in a manner that promotes the utility of the information to the public and makes effective use of [information technology](/usc/44/3502.md?p=9);
- (8) ensure that the creation, collection, maintenance, use, dissemination, and disposition of information by or for the Federal Government is consistent with applicable laws, including laws relating to—
  - (A) privacy and confidentiality, including [section 552a of title 5](/usc/5/552a.md);
  - (B) security of information, including [section 11332 of title 40](/usc/40/11332.md)[^1] ; and
  - (C) access to information, including [section 552 of title 5](/usc/5/552.md);
- (9) ensure the integrity, quality, and utility of the Federal statistical system;
- (10) ensure that [information technology](/usc/44/3502.md?p=9) is acquired, used, and managed to improve performance of [agency](/usc/44/3502.md?p=1) missions, including the reduction of information collection [burdens](/usc/44/3502.md?p=2) on the public; and
- (11) improve the responsibility and accountability of the Office of Management and Budget and all other Federal [agencies](/usc/44/3502.md?p=1) to Congress and to the public for implementing the information collection review process, [information resources management](/usc/44/3502.md?p=7), and related policies and guidelines established under this subchapter.

# §3502. Definitions


As used in this subchapter—

- (1) the term “agency” means any executive department, military department, Government corporation, Government controlled corporation, or other establishment in the executive branch of the Government (including the Executive Office of the President), or any [independent regulatory agency](#5), but does not include—
  - (A) the Government Accountability Office;
  - (B) Federal Election Commission;
  - (C) the governments of the District of Columbia and of the territories and possessions of the United States, and their various subdivisions; or
  - (D) Government-owned contractor-operated facilities, including laboratories engaged in national defense research and production activities;
- (2) the term “burden” means time, effort, or financial resources expended by [persons](#10) to generate, maintain, or provide information to or for a Federal [agency](#1), including the resources expended for—
  - (A) reviewing instructions;
  - (B) acquiring, installing, and utilizing technology and systems;
  - (C) adjusting the existing ways to comply with any previously applicable instructions and requirements;
  - (D) searching [data](#16) sources;
  - (E) completing and reviewing the [collection of information](#3); and
  - (F) transmitting, or otherwise disclosing the information;
- (3) the term “collection of information”—
  - (A) means the obtaining, causing to be obtained, soliciting, or requiring the disclosure to third parties or the public, of facts or opinions by or for an [agency](#1), regardless of form or format, calling for either—
    - (i) answers to identical questions posed to, or identical reporting or [recordkeeping requirements](#13) imposed on, ten or more [persons](#10), other than [agencies](#1), instrumentalities, or employees of the United States; or
    - (ii) answers to questions posed to [agencies](#1), instrumentalities, or employees of the United States which are to be used for general statistical purposes; and
  - (B) shall not include a [collection of information](#3) described under [section 3518(c)(1)](/usc/44/3518.md?p=c-1);
- (4) the term “Director” means the Director of the Office of Management and Budget;
- (5) the term “independent regulatory agency” means the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System, the Commodity Futures Trading Commission, the Consumer Product Safety Commission, the Federal Communications Commission, the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation, the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission, the Federal Housing Finance [Agency](#1), the Federal Maritime Commission, the Federal Trade Commission, the Interstate Commerce Commission, the Mine Enforcement Safety and Health Review Commission, the National Labor Relations Board, the Nuclear Regulatory Commission, the Occupational Safety and Health Review Commission, the Postal Regulatory Commission, the Securities and Exchange Commission, the Bureau of Consumer Financial Protection, the Office of Financial Research, Office of the Comptroller of the Currency, and any other similar [agency](#1) designated by statute as a Federal independent regulatory agency or commission;
- (6) the term “information resources” means information and related resources, such as personnel, equipment, funds, and [information technology](#9);
- (7) the term “information resources management” means the process of managing [information resources](#6) to accomplish [agency](#1) missions and to improve [agency](#1) performance, including through the reduction of information collection [burdens](#2) on the public;
- (8) the term “information system” means a discrete set of [information resources](#6) organized for the collection, processing, maintenance, use, sharing, dissemination, or disposition of information;
- (9) the term “information technology” has the meaning given that term in [section 11101 of title 40](/usc/40/11101.md) but does not include national security systems as defined in [section 11103 of title 40](/usc/40/11103.md);
- (10) the term “person” means an individual, partnership, association, corporation, business trust, or legal representative, an organized group of individuals, a State, territorial, tribal, or local government or branch thereof, or a political subdivision of a State, territory, tribal, or local government or a branch of a political subdivision;
- (11) the term “practical utility” means the ability of an [agency](#1) to use information, particularly the capability to process such information in a timely and useful fashion;
- (12) the term “public information” means any information, regardless of form or format, that an [agency](#1) discloses, disseminates, or makes available to the public;
- (13) the term “recordkeeping requirement” means a requirement imposed by or for an [agency](#1) on [persons](#10) to maintain specified [records](/usc/44/2901.md?p=1), including a requirement to—
  - (A) retain such [records](/usc/44/2901.md?p=1);
  - (B) notify third parties, the Federal Government, or the public of the existence of such [records](/usc/44/2901.md?p=1);
  - (C) disclose such [records](/usc/44/2901.md?p=1) to third parties, the Federal Government, or the public; or
  - (D) report to third parties, the Federal Government, or the public regarding such [records](/usc/44/2901.md?p=1);
- (14) the term “penalty” includes the imposition by an [agency](#1) or court of a fine or other punishment; a judgment for monetary damages or equitable relief; or the revocation, suspension, reduction, or denial of a license, privilege, right, grant, or benefit;
- (15) the term “comprehensive data inventory” means the inventory created under [section 3511(a)](/usc/44/3511.md?p=a), but does not include any underlying [data asset](#17) listed on the inventory;
- (16) the term “data” means recorded information, regardless of form or the media on which the data is recorded;
- (17) the term “data asset” means a collection of [data](#16) elements or [data](#16) sets that may be grouped together;
- (18) the term “machine-readable”, when used with respect to [data](#16), means [data](#16) in a format that can be easily processed by a computer without human intervention while ensuring no semantic meaning is lost;
- (19) the term “metadata” means structural or descriptive information about [data](#16) such as content, format, source, rights, accuracy, provenance, frequency, periodicity, granularity, publisher or responsible party, contact information, method of collection, and other descriptions;
- (20) the term “open Government data asset” means a [public data asset](#22) that is—
  - (A) [machine-readable](#18);
  - (B) available (or could be made available) in an open format;
  - (C) not encumbered by restrictions, other than intellectual property rights, including under titles [17](/usc/17.md) and [35](/usc/35.md), that would impede the use or reuse of such asset; and
  - (D) based on an underlying open standard that is maintained by a standards organization;
- (21) the term “open license” means a legal guarantee that a [data asset](#17) is made available—
  - (A) at no cost to the public; and
  - (B) with no restrictions on copying, publishing, distributing, transmitting, citing, or adapting such asset;
- (22) the term “public data asset” means a [data asset](#17), or part thereof, maintained by the Federal Government that has been, or may be, released to the public, including any [data asset](#17), or part thereof, subject to disclosure under [section 552 of title 5](/usc/5/552.md); and
- (23) the term “statistical laws” means subchapter III of this chapter and other laws pertaining to the protection of information collected for statistical purposes as designated by the [Director](#4).

# §3503. Office of Information and Regulatory Affairs

- (a) There is established in the Office of Management and Budget an office to be known as the Office of Information and Regulatory Affairs.
- (b) There shall be at the head of the Office an Administrator who shall be appointed by the President, by and with the advice and consent of the Senate. The [Director](/usc/44/3502.md?p=4) shall delegate to the Administrator the authority to administer all functions under this subchapter, except that any such delegation shall not relieve the [Director](/usc/44/3502.md?p=4) of responsibility for the [administration](/usc/44/2101.md?p=4) of such functions. The Administrator shall serve as principal adviser to the [Director](/usc/44/3502.md?p=4) on Federal [information resources management](/usc/44/3502.md?p=7) policy.

# §3504. Authority and functions of Director

- (a)
  - (1) The [Director](/usc/44/3502.md?p=4) shall oversee the use of [information resources](/usc/44/3502.md?p=6) to improve the efficiency and effectiveness of governmental operations to serve [agency](/usc/44/3502.md?p=1) missions, including [burden](/usc/44/3502.md?p=2) reduction and service delivery to the public. In performing such oversight, the [Director](/usc/44/3502.md?p=4) shall—
    - (A) develop, coordinate and oversee the implementation of Federal [information resources management](/usc/44/3502.md?p=7) policies, principles, standards, and guidelines; and
    - (B) provide direction and oversee—
      - (i) the review and approval of the [collection of information](/usc/44/3502.md?p=3) and the reduction of the information collection [burden](/usc/44/3502.md?p=2);
      - (ii) [agency](/usc/44/3502.md?p=1) dissemination of and public access to information;
      - (iii) statistical activities;
      - (iv) [records](/usc/44/2901.md?p=1) management activities;
      - (v) privacy, confidentiality, security, disclosure, and sharing of information; and
      - (vi) the acquisition and use of [information technology](/usc/44/3502.md?p=9), including alternative [information technologies](/usc/44/3502.md?p=9) that provide for electronic submission, maintenance, or disclosure of information as a substitute for paper and for the use and acceptance of electronic signatures.
  - (2) The authority of the [Director](/usc/44/3502.md?p=4) under this subchapter shall be exercised consistent with applicable law.
- (b) With respect to general [information resources management](/usc/44/3502.md?p=7) policy, the [Director](/usc/44/3502.md?p=4) shall—
  - (1) develop and oversee the implementation of uniform [information resources management](/usc/44/3502.md?p=7) policies, principles, standards, and guidelines;
  - (2) foster greater sharing, dissemination, and access to [public information](/usc/44/3502.md?p=12), including through—
    - (A) the use of [comprehensive data inventories](/usc/44/3502.md?p=15) and the Federal [data](/usc/44/3502.md?p=16) catalogue under [section 3511](/usc/44/3511.md); and
    - (B) the development and utilization of common standards for information collection, storage, processing and communication, including standards for security, interconnectivity and interoperability;
  - (3) initiate and review proposals for changes in legislation, regulations, and [agency](/usc/44/3502.md?p=1) procedures to improve [information resources management](/usc/44/3502.md?p=7) practices;
  - (4) oversee the development and implementation of best practices in [information resources management](/usc/44/3502.md?p=7), including training;
  - (5) oversee [agency](/usc/44/3502.md?p=1) integration of program and management functions with [information resources management](/usc/44/3502.md?p=7) functions; and
  - (6) issue guidance for [agencies](/usc/44/3502.md?p=1) to implement [section 3506(b)(6)](/usc/44/3506.md?p=b-6) in a manner that takes into account—
    - (A) risks and restrictions related to the disclosure of personally identifiable information, including the risk that an individual [data asset](/usc/44/3502.md?p=17) in isolation does not pose a privacy or confidentiality risk but when combined with other available information may pose such a risk;
    - (B) security considerations, including the risk that information in an individual [data asset](/usc/44/3502.md?p=17) in isolation does not pose a security risk but when combined with other available information may pose such a risk;
    - (C) the cost and benefits to the public of converting a [data asset](/usc/44/3502.md?p=17) into a [machine-readable](/usc/44/3502.md?p=18) format that is accessible and useful to the public;
    - (D) whether the application of the requirements described in such section to a [data asset](/usc/44/3502.md?p=17) could result in legal liability;
    - (E) a determination of whether a [data asset](/usc/44/3502.md?p=17)—
      - (i) is subject to intellectual property rights, including rights under titles [17](/usc/17.md) and [35](/usc/35.md);
      - (ii) contains confidential business information, that could be withheld under [section 552(b)(4) of title 5](/usc/5/552.md?p=b-4); or
      - (iii) is otherwise restricted by contract or other binding, written agreement;
    - (F) the requirement that a [data asset](/usc/44/3502.md?p=17) be disclosed, if it would otherwise be made available under [section 552 of title 5](/usc/5/552.md) (commonly known as the “Freedom of Information Act”); and
    - (G) any other considerations that the [Director](/usc/44/3502.md?p=4) determines to be relevant.
- (c) With respect to the [collection of information](/usc/44/3502.md?p=3) and the control of paperwork, the [Director](/usc/44/3502.md?p=4) shall—
  - (1) review and approve proposed [agency](/usc/44/3502.md?p=1) collections of information;
  - (2) coordinate the review of the [collection of information](/usc/44/3502.md?p=3) associated with Federal procurement and acquisition by the Office of Information and Regulatory Affairs with the Office of Federal Procurement Policy, with particular emphasis on applying [information technology](/usc/44/3502.md?p=9) to improve the efficiency and effectiveness of Federal procurement, acquisition and payment, and to reduce information collection [burdens](/usc/44/3502.md?p=2) on the public;
  - (3) minimize the Federal information collection [burden](/usc/44/3502.md?p=2), with particular emphasis on those individuals and entities most adversely affected;
  - (4) maximize the [practical utility](/usc/44/3502.md?p=11) of and public benefit from information collected by or for the Federal Government;
  - (5) establish and oversee standards and guidelines by which [agencies](/usc/44/3502.md?p=1) are to estimate the [burden](/usc/44/3502.md?p=2) to comply with a proposed [collection of information](/usc/44/3502.md?p=3);[^1]
  - (6) publish in the Federal Register and make available on the Internet (in consultation with the Small Business [Administration](/usc/44/2101.md?p=4)) on an annual basis a list of the compliance assistance resources available to small businesses, with the first such publication occurring not later than 1 year after the date of enactment of the Small Business Paperwork Relief Act of 2002.
- (d) With respect to information dissemination, the [Director](/usc/44/3502.md?p=4) shall develop and oversee the implementation of policies, principles, standards, and guidelines to—
  - (1) apply to Federal [agency](/usc/44/3502.md?p=1) dissemination of [public information](/usc/44/3502.md?p=12), regardless of the form or format in which such information is disseminated; and
  - (2) promote public access to [public information](/usc/44/3502.md?p=12) and fulfill the purposes of this subchapter, including through the effective use of [information technology](/usc/44/3502.md?p=9).
- (e) With respect to statistical policy and coordination, the [Director](/usc/44/3502.md?p=4) shall—
  - (1) coordinate the activities of the Federal statistical system to ensure—
    - (A) the efficiency and effectiveness of the system; and
    - (B) the integrity, objectivity, impartiality, utility, and confidentiality of information collected for statistical purposes;
  - (2) ensure that budget proposals of [agencies](/usc/44/3502.md?p=1) are consistent with system-wide priorities for maintaining and improving the quality of Federal statistics and prepare an annual report on statistical program funding;
  - (3) develop and oversee the implementation of Governmentwide policies, principles, standards, and guidelines concerning—
    - (A) statistical collection procedures and methods;
    - (B) statistical [data](/usc/44/3502.md?p=16) classification;
    - (C) statistical information presentation and dissemination;
    - (D) timely release of statistical [data](/usc/44/3502.md?p=16); and
    - (E) such statistical [data](/usc/44/3502.md?p=16) sources as may be required for the [administration](/usc/44/2101.md?p=4) of Federal programs;
  - (4) evaluate statistical program performance and [agency](/usc/44/3502.md?p=1) compliance with Governmentwide policies, principles, standards and guidelines;
  - (5) promote the sharing of information collected for statistical purposes consistent with privacy rights and confidentiality pledges;
  - (6) coordinate the participation of the United States in international statistical activities, including the development of comparable statistics;
  - (7) appoint a chief statistician who is a trained and experienced professional statistician to carry out the functions described under this subsection;
  - (8) establish an Interagency Council on Statistical Policy to advise and assist the [Director](/usc/44/3502.md?p=4) in carrying out the functions under this subsection that shall—
    - (A) be headed by the chief statistician; and
    - (B) consist of—
      - (i) the heads of the major statistical programs; and
      - (ii) representatives of other statistical [agencies](/usc/44/3502.md?p=1) under rotating membership;
  - (9) provide opportunities for training in statistical policy functions to employees of the Federal Government under which—
    - (A) each trainee shall be selected at the discretion of the [Director](/usc/44/3502.md?p=4) based on [agency](/usc/44/3502.md?p=1) requests and shall serve under the chief statistician for at least 6 months and not more than 1 year; and
    - (B) all costs of the training shall be paid by the [agency](/usc/44/3502.md?p=1) requesting training; and
  - (10) ensure that any change to the standards of core-based statistical area (as defined in section 4 of the MAPS Act of 2021) delineations pursuant to this subsection shall—
    - (A) be accompanied by a public report that explains—
      - (i) the scientific basis, criteria, and methodology for such change to existing standards, including clear quantitative thresholds for determining any future statistical re-delineations; and
      - (ii) the opinions of domestic and international experts in statistics and demographics, including government experts at the Bureau of the Census and other relevant [agencies](/usc/44/3502.md?p=1), who were consulted regarding such change to existing standards;
    - (B) not be influenced by any non-statistical considerations such as impact on program [administration](/usc/44/2101.md?p=4) or service delivery; and
    - (C) not propagate automatically for any non-statistical use by any domestic assistance program (as defined in section 4 of the MAPS Act of 2021).
- (f) With respect to [records](/usc/44/2901.md?p=1) management, the [Director](/usc/44/3502.md?p=4) shall—
  - (1) provide advice and assistance to the [Archivist](/usc/44/2101.md?p=3) of the United States and the Administrator of General Services to promote coordination in the [administration](/usc/44/2101.md?p=4) of chapters [29](/usc/44/ch29.md), [31](/usc/44/ch31.md), and [33](/usc/44/ch33.md) of this title with the [information resources management](/usc/44/3502.md?p=7) policies, principles, standards, and guidelines established under this subchapter;
  - (2) review compliance by [agencies](/usc/44/3502.md?p=1) with—
    - (A) the requirements of chapters [29](/usc/44/ch29.md), [31](/usc/44/ch31.md), and [33](/usc/44/ch33.md) of this title; and
    - (B) regulations promulgated by the [Archivist](/usc/44/2101.md?p=3) of the United States and the Administrator of General Services; and
  - (3) oversee the application of [records](/usc/44/2901.md?p=1) management policies, principles, standards, and guidelines, including requirements for archiving information maintained in electronic format, in the planning and design of [information systems](/usc/44/3502.md?p=8).
- (g) With respect to privacy and security, the [Director](/usc/44/3502.md?p=4) shall—
  - (1) develop and oversee the implementation of policies, principles, standards, and guidelines on privacy, confidentiality, security, disclosure and sharing of information collected or maintained by or for [agencies](/usc/44/3502.md?p=1); and
  - (2) oversee and coordinate compliance with sections [552](/usc/5/552.md) and [552a](/usc/5/552a.md) of title 5, sections 20 and 21 of the National Institute of Standards and Technology Act ([15 U.S.C. 278g–3](/usc/15/278g–3.md) and 278g–4), [section 11331 of title 40](/usc/40/11331.md) and subchapter II of this chapter, and related information management laws.
- (h) With respect to Federal [information technology](/usc/44/3502.md?p=9), the [Director](/usc/44/3502.md?p=4) shall—
  - (1) in consultation with the [Director](/usc/44/3502.md?p=4) of the National Institute of Standards and Technology and the Administrator of General Services—
    - (A) develop and oversee the implementation of policies, principles, standards, and guidelines for [information technology](/usc/44/3502.md?p=9) functions and activities of the Federal Government, including periodic evaluations of major [information systems](/usc/44/3502.md?p=8); and
    - (B) oversee the development and implementation of standards under [section 11331 of title 40](/usc/40/11331.md);[^2]
  - (2) monitor the effectiveness of, and compliance with, directives issued under subtitle III of [title 40](/usc/40.md) and directives issued under section 322[^2] of [title 40](/usc/40.md);
  - (3) coordinate the development and review by the Office of Information and Regulatory Affairs of policy associated with Federal procurement and acquisition of [information technology](/usc/44/3502.md?p=9) with the Office of Federal Procurement Policy;
  - (4) ensure, through the review of [agency](/usc/44/3502.md?p=1) budget proposals, [information resources management](/usc/44/3502.md?p=7) plans and other means—
    - (A) [agency](/usc/44/3502.md?p=1) integration of [information resources management](/usc/44/3502.md?p=7) plans, program plans and budgets for acquisition and use of [information technology](/usc/44/3502.md?p=9); and
    - (B) the efficiency and effectiveness of inter-[agency](/usc/44/3502.md?p=1) [information technology](/usc/44/3502.md?p=9) initiatives to improve [agency](/usc/44/3502.md?p=1) performance and the accomplishment of [agency](/usc/44/3502.md?p=1) missions; and
  - (5) promote the use of [information technology](/usc/44/3502.md?p=9) by the Federal Government to improve the productivity, efficiency, and effectiveness of Federal programs, including through dissemination of [public information](/usc/44/3502.md?p=12) and the reduction of information collection [burdens](/usc/44/3502.md?p=2) on the public.

# §3505. Assignment of tasks and deadlines

- (a) In carrying out the functions under this subchapter, the [Director](/usc/44/3502.md?p=4) shall—
  - (1) in consultation with [agency](/usc/44/3502.md?p=1) heads, set an annual Governmentwide goal for the reduction of information collection [burdens](/usc/44/3502.md?p=2) by at least 10 percent during each of fiscal years 1996 and 1997 and 5 percent during each of fiscal years 1998, 1999, 2000, and 2001, and set annual [agency](/usc/44/3502.md?p=1) goals to—
    - (A) reduce information collection [burdens](/usc/44/3502.md?p=2) imposed on the public that—
      - (i) represent the maximum practicable opportunity in each [agency](/usc/44/3502.md?p=1); and
      - (ii) are consistent with improving [agency](/usc/44/3502.md?p=1) management of the process for the review of collections of information established under [section 3506(c)](/usc/44/3506.md?p=c); and
    - (B) improve [information resources management](/usc/44/3502.md?p=7) in ways that increase the productivity, efficiency and effectiveness of Federal programs, including service delivery to the public;
  - (2) with selected [agencies](/usc/44/3502.md?p=1) and non-Federal entities on a voluntary basis, conduct pilot projects to test alternative policies, practices, regulations, and procedures to fulfill the purposes of this subchapter, particularly with regard to minimizing the Federal information collection [burden](/usc/44/3502.md?p=2); and
  - (3) in consultation with the Administrator of General Services, the [Director](/usc/44/3502.md?p=4) of the National Institute of Standards and Technology, the [Archivist](/usc/44/2101.md?p=3) of the United States, and the [Director](/usc/44/3502.md?p=4) of the Office of Personnel Management, develop and maintain a Governmentwide strategic plan for [information resources management](/usc/44/3502.md?p=7), that shall include—
    - (A) a description of the objectives and the means by which the Federal Government shall apply [information resources](/usc/44/3502.md?p=6) to improve [agency](/usc/44/3502.md?p=1) and program performance;
    - (B) plans for—
      - (i) reducing information [burdens](/usc/44/3502.md?p=2) on the public, including reducing such [burdens](/usc/44/3502.md?p=2) through the elimination of duplication and meeting shared [data](/usc/44/3502.md?p=16) needs with shared resources;
      - (ii) enhancing public access to and dissemination of, information, using electronic and other formats; and
      - (iii) meeting the [information technology](/usc/44/3502.md?p=9) needs of the Federal Government in accordance with the purposes of this subchapter; and
    - (C) a description of progress in applying [information resources management](/usc/44/3502.md?p=7) to improve [agency](/usc/44/3502.md?p=1) performance and the accomplishment of missions.
- (b) For purposes of any pilot project conducted under [subsection (a)(2)](#a-2), the [Director](/usc/44/3502.md?p=4) may, after consultation with the [agency](/usc/44/3502.md?p=1) head, waive the application of any administrative directive issued by an [agency](/usc/44/3502.md?p=1) with which the project is conducted, including any directive requiring a [collection of information](/usc/44/3502.md?p=3), after giving timely notice to the public and the Congress regarding the need for such waiver.
- (c) **[^1] Inventory of Major Information Systems.—**
  - (1) The head of each [agency](/usc/44/3502.md?p=1) shall develop and maintain an inventory of major [information systems](/usc/44/3502.md?p=8) (including major national security systems) operated by or under the control of such [agency](/usc/44/3502.md?p=1).
  - (2) The identification of [information systems](/usc/44/3502.md?p=8) in an inventory under this subsection shall include an identification of the interfaces between each such system and all other systems or networks, including those not operated by or under the control of the [agency](/usc/44/3502.md?p=1).
  - (3) Such inventory shall be—
    - (A) updated at least annually;
    - (B) made available to the Comptroller General; and
    - (C) used to support [information resources management](/usc/44/3502.md?p=7), including—
      - (i) preparation and maintenance of the inventory of [information resources](/usc/44/3502.md?p=6) under [section 3506(b)(4)](/usc/44/3506.md?p=b-4);
      - (ii) [information technology](/usc/44/3502.md?p=9) planning, budgeting, acquisition, and management under [section 3506(h)](/usc/44/3506.md?p=h), subtitle III of [title 40](/usc/40.md), and related laws and guidance;
      - (iii) monitoring, testing, and evaluation of information security controls under subchapter II;
      - (iv) preparation of the index of major [information systems](/usc/44/3502.md?p=8) required under [section 552(g) of title 5](/usc/5/552.md?p=g), United States Code; and
      - (v) preparation of [information system](/usc/44/3502.md?p=8) inventories required for [records](/usc/44/2901.md?p=1) management under chapters [21](/usc/44/ch21.md), [29](/usc/44/ch29.md), [31](/usc/44/ch31.md), and [33](/usc/44/ch33.md).
  - (4) The [Director](/usc/44/3502.md?p=4) shall issue guidance for and oversee the implementation of the requirements of this subsection.
- (c) **[^1] Inventory of Information Systems.—**
  - (1) The head of each [agency](/usc/44/3502.md?p=1) shall develop and maintain an inventory of the [information systems](/usc/44/3502.md?p=8) (including national security systems) operated by or under the control of such [agency](/usc/44/3502.md?p=1);
  - (2) The identification of [information systems](/usc/44/3502.md?p=8) in an inventory under this subsection shall include an identification of the interfaces between each such system and all other systems or networks, including those not operated by or under the control of the [agency](/usc/44/3502.md?p=1);
  - (3) Such inventory shall be—
    - (A) updated at least annually;
    - (B) made available to the Comptroller General; and
    - (C) used to support [information resources management](/usc/44/3502.md?p=7), including—
      - (i) preparation and maintenance of the inventory of [information resources](/usc/44/3502.md?p=6) under [section 3506(b)(4)](/usc/44/3506.md?p=b-4);
      - (ii) [information technology](/usc/44/3502.md?p=9) planning, budgeting, acquisition, and management under [section 3506(h)](/usc/44/3506.md?p=h), subtitle III of [title 40](/usc/40.md), and related laws and guidance;
      - (iii) monitoring, testing, and evaluation of information security controls under subchapter II;
      - (iv) preparation of the index of major [information systems](/usc/44/3502.md?p=8) required under [section 552(g) of title 5](/usc/5/552.md?p=g), United States Code; and
      - (v) preparation of [information system](/usc/44/3502.md?p=8) inventories required for [records](/usc/44/2901.md?p=1) management under chapters [21](/usc/44/ch21.md), [29](/usc/44/ch29.md), [31](/usc/44/ch31.md), and [33](/usc/44/ch33.md).
  - (4) The [Director](/usc/44/3502.md?p=4) shall issue guidance for and oversee the implementation of the requirements of this subsection.

# §3506. Federal agency responsibilities

- (a)
  - (1) The head of each [agency](/usc/44/3502.md?p=1) shall be responsible for—
    - (A) carrying out the [agency](/usc/44/3502.md?p=1)’s [information resources management](/usc/44/3502.md?p=7) activities to improve [agency](/usc/44/3502.md?p=1) productivity, efficiency, and effectiveness; and
    - (B) complying with the requirements of this subchapter and related policies established by the [Director](/usc/44/3502.md?p=4).
  - (2)
    - (A) Except as provided under [subparagraph (B)](#a-2-B), the head of each [agency](/usc/44/3502.md?p=1) shall designate a Chief Information Officer who shall report directly to such [agency](/usc/44/3502.md?p=1) head to carry out the responsibilities of the [agency](/usc/44/3502.md?p=1) under this subchapter.
    - (B) The Secretary of the Department of Defense and the Secretary of each military department may each designate Chief Information Officers who shall report directly to such Secretary to carry out the responsibilities of the department under this subchapter. If more than one Chief Information Officer is designated, the respective duties of the Chief Information Officers shall be clearly delineated.
  - (3) The Chief Information Officer designated under [paragraph (2)](#a-2) shall head an office responsible for ensuring [agency](/usc/44/3502.md?p=1) compliance with and prompt, efficient, and effective implementation of the information policies and [information resources management](/usc/44/3502.md?p=7) responsibilities established under this subchapter, including the reduction of information collection [burdens](/usc/44/3502.md?p=2) on the public. The Chief Information Officer and employees of such office shall be selected with special attention to the professional qualifications required to administer the functions described under this subchapter.
  - (4) Each [agency](/usc/44/3502.md?p=1) program official shall be responsible and accountable for [information resources](/usc/44/3502.md?p=6) assigned to and supporting the programs under such official. In consultation with the Chief Information Officer designated under [paragraph (2)](#a-2) and the [agency](/usc/44/3502.md?p=1) Chief Financial Officer (or comparable official), each [agency](/usc/44/3502.md?p=1) program official shall define program information needs and develop strategies, systems, and capabilities to meet those needs.
- (b) With respect to general [information resources management](/usc/44/3502.md?p=7), each [agency](/usc/44/3502.md?p=1) shall—
  - (1) manage [information resources](/usc/44/3502.md?p=6) to—
    - (A) reduce information collection [burdens](/usc/44/3502.md?p=2) on the public;
    - (B) increase program efficiency and effectiveness; and
    - (C) improve the integrity, quality, and utility of information to all users within and outside the [agency](/usc/44/3502.md?p=1), including capabilities for ensuring dissemination of [public information](/usc/44/3502.md?p=12), public access to government information, and protections for privacy and security;
  - (2) in accordance with guidance by the [Director](/usc/44/3502.md?p=4), develop and maintain a strategic [information resources management](/usc/44/3502.md?p=7) plan that, to the extent practicable—
    - (A) describes how [information resources management](/usc/44/3502.md?p=7) activities help accomplish [agency](/usc/44/3502.md?p=1) missions;
    - (B) includes an open [data](/usc/44/3502.md?p=16) plan for [data](/usc/44/3502.md?p=16) that does not concern monetary policy that—
      - (i) requires the [agency](/usc/44/3502.md?p=1) to develop processes and procedures that—
        - (I) require [data](/usc/44/3502.md?p=16) collection mechanisms created on or after the date of the enactment of the OPEN Government Data Act to be available in an open format; and
        - (II) facilitate collaboration with non-Government entities (including businesses), researchers, and the public for the purpose of understanding how [data](/usc/44/3502.md?p=16) users value and use government [data](/usc/44/3502.md?p=16);
      - (ii) identifies and implements methods for collecting and analyzing digital information on [data asset](/usc/44/3502.md?p=17) usage by users within and outside of the [agency](/usc/44/3502.md?p=1), including designating a point of contact within the [agency](/usc/44/3502.md?p=1) to assist the public and to respond to quality issues, usability issues, recommendations for improvements, and complaints about adherence to open [data](/usc/44/3502.md?p=16) requirements within a reasonable period of time;
      - (iii) develops and implements a process to evaluate and improve the timeliness, completeness, consistency, accuracy, usefulness, and availability of [open Government data assets](/usc/44/3502.md?p=20);
      - (iv) includes requirements for meeting the goals of the [agency](/usc/44/3502.md?p=1) open [data](/usc/44/3502.md?p=16) plan, including the acquisition of technology, provision of training for employees, and the implementation of procurement standards, in accordance with existing law, regulation, and policy, that allow for the acquisition of innovative solutions from public and private sectors;
      - (v) identifies as priority [data assets](/usc/44/3502.md?p=17) any [data asset](/usc/44/3502.md?p=17) for which disclosure would be in the public interest and establishes a plan to evaluate each priority [data asset](/usc/44/3502.md?p=17) for disclosure on the Federal [Data](/usc/44/3502.md?p=16) Catalogue under [section 3511](/usc/44/3511.md) and for a determination under[^1] 3511(a)(2)(A)(iii)(I)(bb), including an accounting of which priority [data assets](/usc/44/3502.md?p=17) have not yet been evaluated; and
      - (vi) requires the [agency](/usc/44/3502.md?p=1) to comply with requirements under [section 3511](/usc/44/3511.md), including any standards established by the [Director](/usc/44/3502.md?p=4) under such section, when disclosing a [data asset](/usc/44/3502.md?p=17) pursuant to such section; and
    - (C) is updated annually and made publicly available on the website of the [agency](/usc/44/3502.md?p=1) not later than 5 days after each such update;
  - (3) develop and maintain an ongoing process to—
    - (A) ensure that [information resources management](/usc/44/3502.md?p=7) operations and decisions are integrated with organizational planning, budget, financial management, human resources management, and program decisions;
    - (B) in cooperation with the [agency](/usc/44/3502.md?p=1) Chief Financial Officer (or comparable official), develop a full and accurate accounting of [information technology](/usc/44/3502.md?p=9) expenditures, related expenses, and results; and
    - (C) establish goals for improving [information resources management](/usc/44/3502.md?p=7)’s contribution to program productivity, efficiency, and effectiveness, methods for measuring progress towards those goals, and clear roles and responsibilities for achieving those goals;
  - (4) in consultation with the [Director](/usc/44/3502.md?p=4), the Administrator of General Services, and the [Archivist](/usc/44/2101.md?p=3) of the United States, maintain a current and complete inventory of the [agency](/usc/44/3502.md?p=1)’s [information resources](/usc/44/3502.md?p=6), including directories necessary to fulfill the requirements of [section 3511](/usc/44/3511.md) of this subchapter;
  - (5) in consultation with the [Director](/usc/44/3502.md?p=4) and the [Director](/usc/44/3502.md?p=4) of the Office of Personnel Management, conduct formal training programs to educate [agency](/usc/44/3502.md?p=1) program and management officials about [information resources management](/usc/44/3502.md?p=7); and
  - (6) in accordance with guidance by the [Director](/usc/44/3502.md?p=4)—
    - (A) make each [data asset](/usc/44/3502.md?p=17) of the [agency](/usc/44/3502.md?p=1) available in an open format; and
    - (B) make each [public data asset](/usc/44/3502.md?p=22) of the [agency](/usc/44/3502.md?p=1) available—
      - (i) as an [open Government data asset](/usc/44/3502.md?p=20); and
      - (ii) under an [open license](/usc/44/3502.md?p=21).
- (c) With respect to the [collection of information](/usc/44/3502.md?p=3) and the control of paperwork, each [agency](/usc/44/3502.md?p=1) shall—
  - (1) establish a process within the office headed by the Chief Information Officer designated under [subsection (a)](#a), that is sufficiently independent of program responsibility to evaluate fairly whether proposed collections of information should be approved under this subchapter, to—
    - (A) review each [collection of information](/usc/44/3502.md?p=3) before submission to the [Director](/usc/44/3502.md?p=4) for review under this subchapter, including—
      - (i) an evaluation of the need for the [collection of information](/usc/44/3502.md?p=3);
      - (ii) a functional description of the information to be collected;
      - (iii) a plan for the collection of the information;
      - (iv) a specific, objectively supported estimate of [burden](/usc/44/3502.md?p=2);
      - (v) a test of the [collection of information](/usc/44/3502.md?p=3) through a pilot program, if appropriate; and
      - (vi) a plan for the efficient and effective management and use of the information to be collected, including necessary resources;
    - (B) ensure that each information collection—
      - (i) is inventoried, displays a control number and, if appropriate, an expiration date;
      - (ii) indicates the collection is in accordance with the clearance requirements of [section 3507](/usc/44/3507.md); and
      - (iii) informs the [person](/usc/44/3502.md?p=10) receiving the [collection of information](/usc/44/3502.md?p=3) of—
        - (I) the reasons the information is being collected;
        - (II) the way such information is to be used;
        - (III) an estimate, to the extent practicable, of the [burden](/usc/44/3502.md?p=2) of the collection;
        - (IV) whether responses to the [collection of information](/usc/44/3502.md?p=3) are voluntary, required to obtain a benefit, or mandatory; and
        - (V) the fact that an [agency](/usc/44/3502.md?p=1) may not conduct or sponsor, and a [person](/usc/44/3502.md?p=10) is not required to respond to, a [collection of information](/usc/44/3502.md?p=3) unless it displays a valid control number; and
    - (C) assess the information collection [burden](/usc/44/3502.md?p=2) of proposed legislation affecting the [agency](/usc/44/3502.md?p=1);
  - (2)
    - (A) except as provided under [subparagraph (B)](#c-2-B) or [section 3507(j)](/usc/44/3507.md?p=j), provide 60-day notice in the Federal Register, and otherwise consult with members of the public and affected [agencies](/usc/44/3502.md?p=1) concerning each proposed [collection of information](/usc/44/3502.md?p=3), to solicit comment to—
      - (i) evaluate whether the proposed [collection of information](/usc/44/3502.md?p=3) is necessary for the proper performance of the functions of the [agency](/usc/44/3502.md?p=1), including whether the information shall have [practical utility](/usc/44/3502.md?p=11);
      - (ii) evaluate the accuracy of the [agency](/usc/44/3502.md?p=1)’s estimate of the [burden](/usc/44/3502.md?p=2) of the proposed [collection of information](/usc/44/3502.md?p=3);
      - (iii) enhance the quality, utility, and clarity of the information to be collected; and
      - (iv) minimize the [burden](/usc/44/3502.md?p=2) of the [collection of information](/usc/44/3502.md?p=3) on those who are to respond, including through the use of automated collection techniques or other forms of [information technology](/usc/44/3502.md?p=9); and
    - (B) for any proposed [collection of information](/usc/44/3502.md?p=3) contained in a proposed rule (to be reviewed by the [Director](/usc/44/3502.md?p=4) under [section 3507(d)](/usc/44/3507.md?p=d)), provide notice and comment through the notice of proposed rulemaking for the proposed rule and such notice shall have the same purposes specified under [subparagraph (A)(i) through (iv)](#c-2-A-i..c-2-A-iv);
  - (3) certify (and provide a record supporting such certification, including public comments received by the [agency](/usc/44/3502.md?p=1)) that each [collection of information](/usc/44/3502.md?p=3) submitted to the [Director](/usc/44/3502.md?p=4) for review under [section 3507](/usc/44/3507.md)—
    - (A) is necessary for the proper performance of the functions of the [agency](/usc/44/3502.md?p=1), including that the information has [practical utility](/usc/44/3502.md?p=11);
    - (B) is not unnecessarily duplicative of information otherwise reasonably accessible to the [agency](/usc/44/3502.md?p=1);
    - (C) reduces to the extent practicable and appropriate the [burden](/usc/44/3502.md?p=2) on [persons](/usc/44/3502.md?p=10) who shall provide information to or for the [agency](/usc/44/3502.md?p=1), including with respect to small entities, as defined under [section 601(6) of title 5](/usc/5/601.md?p=6), the use of such techniques as—
      - (i) establishing differing compliance or reporting requirements or timetables that take into account the resources available to those who are to respond;
      - (ii) the clarification, consolidation, or simplification of compliance and reporting requirements; or
      - (iii) an exemption from coverage of the [collection of information](/usc/44/3502.md?p=3), or any part thereof;
    - (D) is written using plain, coherent, and unambiguous terminology and is understandable to those who are to respond;
    - (E) is to be implemented in ways consistent and compatible, to the maximum extent practicable, with the existing reporting and recordkeeping practices of those who are to respond;
    - (F) indicates for each [recordkeeping requirement](/usc/44/3502.md?p=13) the length of time [persons](/usc/44/3502.md?p=10) are required to maintain the [records](/usc/44/2901.md?p=1) specified;
    - (G) contains the statement required under [paragraph (1)(B)(iii)](#c-1-B-iii);
    - (H) has been developed by an office that has planned and allocated resources for the efficient and effective management and use of the information to be collected, including the processing of the information in a manner which shall enhance, where appropriate, the utility of the information to [agencies](/usc/44/3502.md?p=1) and the public;
    - (I) uses effective and efficient statistical survey methodology appropriate to the purpose for which the information is to be collected; and
    - (J) to the maximum extent practicable, uses [information technology](/usc/44/3502.md?p=9) to reduce [burden](/usc/44/3502.md?p=2) and improve [data](/usc/44/3502.md?p=16) quality, [agency](/usc/44/3502.md?p=1) efficiency and responsiveness to the public; and
  - (4) in addition to the requirements of this chapter regarding the reduction of information collection [burdens](/usc/44/3502.md?p=2) for small business concerns (as defined in section 3 of the Small Business Act ([15 U.S.C. 632](/usc/15/632.md))), make efforts to further reduce the information collection [burden](/usc/44/3502.md?p=2) for small business concerns with fewer than 25 employees.
- (d) With respect to information dissemination, each [agency](/usc/44/3502.md?p=1) shall—
  - (1) ensure that the public has timely and equitable access to the [agency](/usc/44/3502.md?p=1)’s [public information](/usc/44/3502.md?p=12), including ensuring such access through—
    - (A) encouraging a diversity of public and private sources for information based on government [public information](/usc/44/3502.md?p=12);
    - (B) in cases in which the [agency](/usc/44/3502.md?p=1) provides [public information](/usc/44/3502.md?p=12) maintained in electronic format, providing timely and equitable access to the underlying [data](/usc/44/3502.md?p=16) (in whole or in part); and
    - (C) [agency](/usc/44/3502.md?p=1) dissemination of [public information](/usc/44/3502.md?p=12) in an efficient, effective, and economical manner;
  - (2) regularly solicit and consider public input on the [agency](/usc/44/3502.md?p=1)’s information dissemination activities;
  - (3) provide adequate notice when initiating, substantially modifying, or terminating significant information dissemination products;
  - (4) not, except where specifically authorized by statute—
    - (A) establish an exclusive, restricted, or other distribution arrangement that interferes with timely and equitable availability of [public information](/usc/44/3502.md?p=12) to the public;
    - (B) restrict or regulate the use, resale, or redissemination of [public information](/usc/44/3502.md?p=12) by the public;
    - (C) charge fees or royalties for resale or redissemination of [public information](/usc/44/3502.md?p=12); or
    - (D) establish user fees for [public information](/usc/44/3502.md?p=12) that exceed the cost of dissemination;
  - (5) ensure that any [public data asset](/usc/44/3502.md?p=22) of the [agency](/usc/44/3502.md?p=1) is [machine-readable](/usc/44/3502.md?p=18); and
  - (6) engage the public in using [public data assets](/usc/44/3502.md?p=22) of the [agency](/usc/44/3502.md?p=1) and encourage collaboration by—
    - (A) publishing on the website of the [agency](/usc/44/3502.md?p=1), on a regular basis (not less than annually), information on the usage of such assets by non-Government users;
    - (B) providing the public with the opportunity to request specific [data assets](/usc/44/3502.md?p=17) to be prioritized for disclosure and to provide suggestions for the development of [agency](/usc/44/3502.md?p=1) criteria with respect to prioritizing [data assets](/usc/44/3502.md?p=17) for disclosure;
    - (C) assisting the public in expanding the use of [public data assets](/usc/44/3502.md?p=22); and
    - (D) hosting challenges, competitions, events, or other initiatives designed to create additional value from [public data assets](/usc/44/3502.md?p=22) of the [agency](/usc/44/3502.md?p=1).
- (e) With respect to statistical policy and coordination, each [agency](/usc/44/3502.md?p=1) shall—
  - (1) ensure the relevance, accuracy, timeliness, integrity, and objectivity of information collected or created for statistical purposes;
  - (2) inform respondents fully and accurately about the sponsors, purposes, and uses of statistical surveys and studies;
  - (3) protect respondents’ privacy and ensure that disclosure policies fully honor pledges of confidentiality;
  - (4) observe Federal standards and practices for [data](/usc/44/3502.md?p=16) collection, analysis, documentation, sharing, and dissemination of information;
  - (5) ensure the timely publication of the results of statistical surveys and studies, including information about the quality and limitations of the surveys and studies; and
  - (6) make [data](/usc/44/3502.md?p=16) available to statistical [agencies](/usc/44/3502.md?p=1) and readily accessible to the public.
- (f) With respect to [records](/usc/44/2901.md?p=1) management, each [agency](/usc/44/3502.md?p=1) shall implement and enforce applicable policies and procedures, including requirements for archiving information maintained in electronic format, particularly in the planning, design and operation of [information systems](/usc/44/3502.md?p=8).
- (g) With respect to privacy and security, each [agency](/usc/44/3502.md?p=1) shall—
  - (1) implement and enforce applicable policies, procedures, standards, and guidelines on privacy, confidentiality, security, disclosure and sharing of information collected or maintained by or for the [agency](/usc/44/3502.md?p=1); and
  - (2) assume responsibility and accountability for compliance with and coordinated management of sections [552](/usc/5/552.md) and [552a](/usc/5/552a.md) of title 5, subchapter II of this chapter, and related information management laws.
- (h) With respect to Federal [information technology](/usc/44/3502.md?p=9), each [agency](/usc/44/3502.md?p=1) shall—
  - (1) implement and enforce applicable Governmentwide and [agency](/usc/44/3502.md?p=1) [information technology](/usc/44/3502.md?p=9) management policies, principles, standards, and guidelines;
  - (2) assume responsibility and accountability for [information technology](/usc/44/3502.md?p=9) investments;
  - (3) promote the use of [information technology](/usc/44/3502.md?p=9) by the [agency](/usc/44/3502.md?p=1) to improve the productivity, efficiency, and effectiveness of [agency](/usc/44/3502.md?p=1) programs, including the reduction of information collection [burdens](/usc/44/3502.md?p=2) on the public and improved dissemination of [public information](/usc/44/3502.md?p=12);
  - (4) propose changes in legislation, regulations, and [agency](/usc/44/3502.md?p=1) procedures to improve [information technology](/usc/44/3502.md?p=9) practices, including changes that improve the ability of the [agency](/usc/44/3502.md?p=1) to use technology to reduce [burden](/usc/44/3502.md?p=2); and
  - (5) assume responsibility for maximizing the value and assessing and managing the risks of major [information systems](/usc/44/3502.md?p=8) initiatives through a process that is—
    - (A) integrated with budget, financial, and program management decisions; and
    - (B) used to select, control, and evaluate the results of major [information systems](/usc/44/3502.md?p=8) initiatives.
- (i)
  - (1) In addition to the requirements described in [subsection (c)](#c), each [agency](/usc/44/3502.md?p=1) shall, with respect to the [collection of information](/usc/44/3502.md?p=3) and the control of paperwork, establish 1 point of contact in the [agency](/usc/44/3502.md?p=1) to act as a liaison between the [agency](/usc/44/3502.md?p=1) and small business concerns (as defined in section 3 of the Small Business Act ([15 U.S.C. 632](/usc/15/632.md))).
  - (2) Each point of contact described under [paragraph (1)](#i-1) shall be established not later than 1 year after the date of enactment of the Small Business Paperwork Relief Act of 2002.

# §3507. Public information collection activities; submission to Director; approval and delegation

- (a) An [agency](/usc/44/3502.md?p=1) shall not conduct or sponsor the [collection of information](/usc/44/3502.md?p=3) unless in advance of the adoption or revision of the [collection of information](/usc/44/3502.md?p=3)—
  - (1) the [agency](/usc/44/3502.md?p=1) has—
    - (A) conducted the review established under [section 3506(c)(1)](/usc/44/3506.md?p=c-1);
    - (B) evaluated the public comments received under [section 3506(c)(2)](/usc/44/3506.md?p=c-2);
    - (C) submitted to the [Director](/usc/44/3502.md?p=4) the certification required under [section 3506(c)(3)](/usc/44/3506.md?p=c-3), the proposed [collection of information](/usc/44/3502.md?p=3), copies of pertinent statutory authority, regulations, and other related materials as the [Director](/usc/44/3502.md?p=4) may specify; and
    - (D) published a notice in the Federal Register—
      - (i) stating that the [agency](/usc/44/3502.md?p=1) has made such submission; and
      - (ii) setting forth—
        - (I) a title for the [collection of information](/usc/44/3502.md?p=3);
        - (II) a summary of the [collection of information](/usc/44/3502.md?p=3);
        - (III) a brief description of the need for the information and the proposed use of the information;
        - (IV) a description of the likely respondents and proposed frequency of response to the [collection of information](/usc/44/3502.md?p=3);
        - (V) an estimate of the [burden](/usc/44/3502.md?p=2) that shall result from the [collection of information](/usc/44/3502.md?p=3); and
        - (VI) notice that comments may be submitted to the [agency](/usc/44/3502.md?p=1) and [Director](/usc/44/3502.md?p=4);
  - (2) the [Director](/usc/44/3502.md?p=4) has approved the proposed [collection of information](/usc/44/3502.md?p=3) or approval has been inferred, under the provisions of this section; and
  - (3) the [agency](/usc/44/3502.md?p=1) has obtained from the [Director](/usc/44/3502.md?p=4) a control number to be displayed upon the [collection of information](/usc/44/3502.md?p=3).
- (b) The [Director](/usc/44/3502.md?p=4) shall provide at least 30 days for public comment prior to making a decision under subsection [(c)](#c), [(d)](#d), or [(h)](#h), except as provided under [subsection (j)](#j).
- (c)
  - (1) For any proposed [collection of information](/usc/44/3502.md?p=3) not contained in a proposed rule, the [Director](/usc/44/3502.md?p=4) shall notify the [agency](/usc/44/3502.md?p=1) involved of the decision to approve or disapprove the proposed [collection of information](/usc/44/3502.md?p=3).
  - (2) The [Director](/usc/44/3502.md?p=4) shall provide the notification under [paragraph (1)](#c-1), within 60 days after receipt or publication of the notice under [subsection (a)(1)(D)](#a-1-D), whichever is later.
  - (3) If the [Director](/usc/44/3502.md?p=4) does not notify the [agency](/usc/44/3502.md?p=1) of a denial or approval within the 60-day period described under [paragraph (2)](#c-2)—
    - (A) the approval may be inferred;
    - (B) a control number shall be assigned without further delay; and
    - (C) the [agency](/usc/44/3502.md?p=1) may collect the information for not more than 1 year.
- (d)
  - (1) For any proposed [collection of information](/usc/44/3502.md?p=3) contained in a proposed rule—
    - (A) as soon as practicable, but no later than the date of publication of a notice of proposed rulemaking in the Federal Register, each [agency](/usc/44/3502.md?p=1) shall forward to the [Director](/usc/44/3502.md?p=4) a copy of any proposed rule which contains a [collection of information](/usc/44/3502.md?p=3) and any information requested by the [Director](/usc/44/3502.md?p=4) necessary to make the determination required under this subsection; and
    - (B) within 60 days after the notice of proposed rulemaking is published in the Federal Register, the [Director](/usc/44/3502.md?p=4) may file public comments pursuant to the standards set forth in [section 3508](/usc/44/3508.md) on the [collection of information](/usc/44/3502.md?p=3) contained in the proposed rule;
  - (2) When a final rule is published in the Federal Register, the [agency](/usc/44/3502.md?p=1) shall explain—
    - (A) how any [collection of information](/usc/44/3502.md?p=3) contained in the final rule responds to the comments, if any, filed by the [Director](/usc/44/3502.md?p=4) or the public; or
    - (B) the reasons such comments were rejected.
  - (3) If the [Director](/usc/44/3502.md?p=4) has received notice and failed to comment on an [agency](/usc/44/3502.md?p=1) rule within 60 days after the notice of proposed rulemaking, the [Director](/usc/44/3502.md?p=4) may not disapprove any [collection of information](/usc/44/3502.md?p=3) specifically contained in an [agency](/usc/44/3502.md?p=1) rule.
  - (4) No provision in this section shall be construed to prevent the [Director](/usc/44/3502.md?p=4), in the [Director](/usc/44/3502.md?p=4)’s discretion—
    - (A) from disapproving any [collection of information](/usc/44/3502.md?p=3) which was not specifically required by an [agency](/usc/44/3502.md?p=1) rule;
    - (B) from disapproving any [collection of information](/usc/44/3502.md?p=3) contained in an [agency](/usc/44/3502.md?p=1) rule, if the [agency](/usc/44/3502.md?p=1) failed to comply with the requirements of paragraph (1) of this subsection;
    - (C) from disapproving any [collection of information](/usc/44/3502.md?p=3) contained in a final [agency](/usc/44/3502.md?p=1) rule, if the [Director](/usc/44/3502.md?p=4) finds within 60 days after the publication of the final rule that the [agency](/usc/44/3502.md?p=1)’s response to the [Director](/usc/44/3502.md?p=4)’s comments filed under paragraph (2) of this subsection was unreasonable; or
    - (D) from disapproving any [collection of information](/usc/44/3502.md?p=3) contained in a final rule, if—
      - (i) the [Director](/usc/44/3502.md?p=4) determines that the [agency](/usc/44/3502.md?p=1) has substantially modified in the final rule the [collection of information](/usc/44/3502.md?p=3) contained in the proposed rule; and
      - (ii) the [agency](/usc/44/3502.md?p=1) has not given the [Director](/usc/44/3502.md?p=4) the information required under [paragraph (1)](#d-1) with respect to the modified [collection of information](/usc/44/3502.md?p=3), at least 60 days before the issuance of the final rule.
  - (5) This subsection shall apply only when an [agency](/usc/44/3502.md?p=1) publishes a notice of proposed rulemaking and requests public comments.
  - (6) The decision by the [Director](/usc/44/3502.md?p=4) to approve or not act upon a [collection of information](/usc/44/3502.md?p=3) contained in an [agency](/usc/44/3502.md?p=1) rule shall not be subject to judicial review.
- (e)
  - (1) Any decision by the [Director](/usc/44/3502.md?p=4) under subsection [(c)](#c), [(d)](#d), [(h)](#h), or [(j)](#j) to disapprove a [collection of information](/usc/44/3502.md?p=3), or to instruct the [agency](/usc/44/3502.md?p=1) to make substantive or material change to a [collection of information](/usc/44/3502.md?p=3), shall be publicly available and include an explanation of the reasons for such decision.
  - (2) Any written communication between the Administrator of the Office of Information and Regulatory Affairs, or any employee of the Office of Information and Regulatory Affairs, and an [agency](/usc/44/3502.md?p=1) or [person](/usc/44/3502.md?p=10) not employed by the Federal Government concerning a proposed [collection of information](/usc/44/3502.md?p=3) shall be made available to the public.
  - (3) This subsection shall not require the disclosure of—
    - (A) any information which is protected at all times by procedures established for information which has been specifically authorized under criteria established by an Executive order or an Act of Congress to be kept secret in the interest of national defense or foreign policy; or
    - (B) any communication relating to a [collection of information](/usc/44/3502.md?p=3) which is not approved under this subchapter, the disclosure of which could lead to retaliation or discrimination against the communicator.
- (f)
  - (1) An [independent regulatory agency](/usc/44/3502.md?p=5) which is administered by 2 or more members of a commission, board, or similar body, may by majority vote void—
    - (A) any disapproval by the [Director](/usc/44/3502.md?p=4), in whole or in part, of a proposed [collection of information](/usc/44/3502.md?p=3) of that [agency](/usc/44/3502.md?p=1); or
    - (B) an exercise of authority under [subsection (d)](#d) of section 3507 concerning that [agency](/usc/44/3502.md?p=1).
  - (2) The [agency](/usc/44/3502.md?p=1) shall certify each vote to void such disapproval or exercise to the [Director](/usc/44/3502.md?p=4), and explain the reasons for such vote. The [Director](/usc/44/3502.md?p=4) shall without further delay assign a control number to such [collection of information](/usc/44/3502.md?p=3), and such vote to void the disapproval or exercise shall be valid for a period of 3 years.
- (g) The [Director](/usc/44/3502.md?p=4) may not approve a [collection of information](/usc/44/3502.md?p=3) for a period in excess of 3 years.
- (h)
  - (1) If an [agency](/usc/44/3502.md?p=1) decides to seek extension of the [Director](/usc/44/3502.md?p=4)’s approval granted for a currently approved [collection of information](/usc/44/3502.md?p=3), the [agency](/usc/44/3502.md?p=1) shall—
    - (A) conduct the review established under [section 3506(c)](/usc/44/3506.md?p=c), including the seeking of comment from the public on the continued need for, and [burden](/usc/44/3502.md?p=2) imposed by the [collection of information](/usc/44/3502.md?p=3); and
    - (B) after having made a reasonable effort to seek public comment, but no later than 60 days before the expiration date of the control number assigned by the [Director](/usc/44/3502.md?p=4) for the currently approved [collection of information](/usc/44/3502.md?p=3), submit the [collection of information](/usc/44/3502.md?p=3) for review and approval under this section, which shall include an explanation of how the [agency](/usc/44/3502.md?p=1) has used the information that it has collected.
  - (2) If under the provisions of this section, the [Director](/usc/44/3502.md?p=4) disapproves a [collection of information](/usc/44/3502.md?p=3) contained in an existing rule, or recommends or instructs the [agency](/usc/44/3502.md?p=1) to make a substantive or material change to a [collection of information](/usc/44/3502.md?p=3) contained in an existing rule, the [Director](/usc/44/3502.md?p=4) shall—
    - (A) publish an explanation thereof in the Federal Register; and
    - (B) instruct the [agency](/usc/44/3502.md?p=1) to undertake a rulemaking within a reasonable time limited to consideration of changes to the [collection of information](/usc/44/3502.md?p=3) contained in the rule and thereafter to submit the [collection of information](/usc/44/3502.md?p=3) for approval or disapproval under this subchapter.
  - (3) An [agency](/usc/44/3502.md?p=1) may not make a substantive or material modification to a [collection of information](/usc/44/3502.md?p=3) after such collection has been approved by the [Director](/usc/44/3502.md?p=4), unless the modification has been submitted to the [Director](/usc/44/3502.md?p=4) for review and approval under this subchapter.
- (i)
  - (1) If the [Director](/usc/44/3502.md?p=4) finds that a senior official of an [agency](/usc/44/3502.md?p=1) designated under [section 3506(a)](/usc/44/3506.md?p=a) is sufficiently independent of program responsibility to evaluate fairly whether proposed collections of information should be approved and has sufficient resources to carry out this responsibility effectively, the [Director](/usc/44/3502.md?p=4) may, by rule in accordance with the notice and comment provisions of [chapter 5](/usc/5/chptI-ch5.md) of title 5, United States Code, delegate to such official the authority to approve proposed collections of information in specific program areas, for specific purposes, or for all [agency](/usc/44/3502.md?p=1) purposes.
  - (2) A delegation by the [Director](/usc/44/3502.md?p=4) under this section shall not preclude the [Director](/usc/44/3502.md?p=4) from reviewing individual collections of information if the [Director](/usc/44/3502.md?p=4) determines that circumstances warrant such a review. The [Director](/usc/44/3502.md?p=4) shall retain authority to revoke such delegations, both in general and with regard to any specific matter. In acting for the [Director](/usc/44/3502.md?p=4), any official to whom approval authority has been delegated under this section shall comply fully with the rules and regulations promulgated by the [Director](/usc/44/3502.md?p=4).
- (j)
  - (1) The [agency](/usc/44/3502.md?p=1) head may request the [Director](/usc/44/3502.md?p=4) to authorize a [collection of information](/usc/44/3502.md?p=3), if an [agency](/usc/44/3502.md?p=1) head determines that—
    - (A) a [collection of information](/usc/44/3502.md?p=3)—
      - (i) is needed prior to the expiration of time periods established under this subchapter; and
      - (ii) is essential to the mission of the [agency](/usc/44/3502.md?p=1); and
    - (B) the [agency](/usc/44/3502.md?p=1) cannot reasonably comply with the provisions of this subchapter because—
      - (i) public harm is reasonably likely to result if normal clearance procedures are followed;
      - (ii) an unanticipated event has occurred; or
      - (iii) the use of normal clearance procedures is reasonably likely to prevent or disrupt the [collection of information](/usc/44/3502.md?p=3) or is reasonably likely to cause a statutory or court ordered deadline to be missed.
  - (2) The [Director](/usc/44/3502.md?p=4) shall approve or disapprove any such authorization request within the time requested by the [agency](/usc/44/3502.md?p=1) head and, if approved, shall assign the [collection of information](/usc/44/3502.md?p=3) a control number. Any [collection of information](/usc/44/3502.md?p=3) conducted under this subsection may be conducted without compliance with the provisions of this subchapter for a maximum of 180 days after the date on which the [Director](/usc/44/3502.md?p=4) received the request to authorize such collection.

# §3508. Determination of necessity for information; hearing


Before approving a proposed [collection of information](/usc/44/3502.md?p=3), the [Director](/usc/44/3502.md?p=4) shall determine whether the [collection of information](/usc/44/3502.md?p=3) by the [agency](/usc/44/3502.md?p=1) is necessary for the proper performance of the functions of the [agency](/usc/44/3502.md?p=1), including whether the information shall have [practical utility](/usc/44/3502.md?p=11). Before making a determination the [Director](/usc/44/3502.md?p=4) may give the [agency](/usc/44/3502.md?p=1) and other interested [persons](/usc/44/3502.md?p=10) an opportunity to be heard or to submit statements in writing. To the extent, if any, that the [Director](/usc/44/3502.md?p=4) determines that the [collection of information](/usc/44/3502.md?p=3) by an [agency](/usc/44/3502.md?p=1) is unnecessary for any reason, the [agency](/usc/44/3502.md?p=1) may not engage in the [collection of information](/usc/44/3502.md?p=3).


# §3509. Designation of central collection agency


The [Director](/usc/44/3502.md?p=4) may designate a central collection [agency](/usc/44/3502.md?p=1) to obtain information for two or more [agencies](/usc/44/3502.md?p=1) if the [Director](/usc/44/3502.md?p=4) determines that the needs of such [agencies](/usc/44/3502.md?p=1) for information will be adequately served by a single collection [agency](/usc/44/3502.md?p=1), and such sharing of [data](/usc/44/3502.md?p=16) is not inconsistent with applicable law. In such cases the [Director](/usc/44/3502.md?p=4) shall prescribe (with reference to the [collection of information](/usc/44/3502.md?p=3)) the duties and functions of the collection [agency](/usc/44/3502.md?p=1) so designated and of the [agencies](/usc/44/3502.md?p=1) for which it is to act as agent (including reimbursement for costs). While the designation is in effect, an [agency](/usc/44/3502.md?p=1) covered by the designation may not obtain for itself information for the [agency](/usc/44/3502.md?p=1) which is the duty of the collection [agency](/usc/44/3502.md?p=1) to obtain. The [Director](/usc/44/3502.md?p=4) may modify the designation from time to time as circumstances require. The authority to designate under this section is subject to the provisions of [section 3507(f)](/usc/44/3507.md?p=f) of this subchapter.


# §3510. Cooperation of agencies in making information available

- (a) The [Director](/usc/44/3502.md?p=4) may direct an [agency](/usc/44/3502.md?p=1) to make available to another [agency](/usc/44/3502.md?p=1), or an [agency](/usc/44/3502.md?p=1) may make available to another [agency](/usc/44/3502.md?p=1), information obtained by a [collection of information](/usc/44/3502.md?p=3) if the disclosure is not inconsistent with applicable law.
- (b)
  - (1) If information obtained by an [agency](/usc/44/3502.md?p=1) is released by that [agency](/usc/44/3502.md?p=1) to another [agency](/usc/44/3502.md?p=1), all the provisions of law (including [penalties](/usc/44/3502.md?p=14)) that relate to the unlawful disclosure of information apply to the officers and employees of the [agency](/usc/44/3502.md?p=1) to which information is released to the same extent and in the same manner as the provisions apply to the officers and employees of the [agency](/usc/44/3502.md?p=1) which originally obtained the information.
  - (2) The officers and employees of the [agency](/usc/44/3502.md?p=1) to which the information is released, in addition, shall be subject to the same provisions of law, including [penalties](/usc/44/3502.md?p=14), relating to the unlawful disclosure of information as if the information had been collected directly by that [agency](/usc/44/3502.md?p=1).

# §3511. Data inventory and Federal data catalogue

- (a) **Comprehensive Data Inventory.—**
  - (1) **In general.—** In consultation with the [Director](/usc/44/3502.md?p=4) and in accordance with the guidance established under [paragraph (2)](#a-2), the head of each [agency](/usc/44/3502.md?p=1) shall, to the maximum extent practicable, develop and maintain a [comprehensive data inventory](/usc/44/3502.md?p=15) that accounts for all [data assets](/usc/44/3502.md?p=17) created by, collected by, under the control or direction of, or maintained by the [agency](/usc/44/3502.md?p=1). The head of each [agency](/usc/44/3502.md?p=1) shall ensure that such inventory provides a clear and comprehensive understanding of the [data assets](/usc/44/3502.md?p=17) in the possession of the [agency](/usc/44/3502.md?p=1).
  - (2) **Guidance.—** The [Director](/usc/44/3502.md?p=4) shall establish guidance for [agencies](/usc/44/3502.md?p=1) to develop and maintain [comprehensive data inventories](/usc/44/3502.md?p=15) under [paragraph (1)](#a-1). Such guidance shall include the following:
    - (A) A requirement for the head of an [agency](/usc/44/3502.md?p=1) to include in the [comprehensive data inventory](/usc/44/3502.md?p=15) [metadata](/usc/44/3502.md?p=19) on each [data asset](/usc/44/3502.md?p=17) of the [agency](/usc/44/3502.md?p=1), including, to the maximum extent practicable, the following:
      - (i) A description of the [data asset](/usc/44/3502.md?p=17), including all variable names and definitions.
      - (ii) The name or title of the [data asset](/usc/44/3502.md?p=17).
      - (iii) An indication of whether or not the [agency](/usc/44/3502.md?p=1)—
        - (I) has determined or can determine if the [data asset](/usc/44/3502.md?p=17) is—
          - (aa) an [open Government data asset](/usc/44/3502.md?p=20);
          - (bb) subject to disclosure or partial disclosure or exempt from disclosure under [section 552 of title 5](/usc/5/552.md);
          - (cc) a [public data asset](/usc/44/3502.md?p=22) eligible for disclosure under [subsection (b)](#b); or
          - (dd) a [data asset](/usc/44/3502.md?p=17) not subject to open format or [open license](/usc/44/3502.md?p=21) requirements due to existing limitations or restrictions on government distribution of the asset; or
        - (II) as of the date of such indication, has not made such determination.
      - (iv) Any determination made under [section 3582](/usc/44/3582.md), if available.
      - (v) A description of the method by which the public may access or request access to the [data asset](/usc/44/3502.md?p=17).
      - (vi) The date on which the [data asset](/usc/44/3502.md?p=17) was most recently updated.
      - (vii) Each [agency](/usc/44/3502.md?p=1) responsible for maintaining the [data asset](/usc/44/3502.md?p=17).
      - (viii) The owner of the [data asset](/usc/44/3502.md?p=17).
      - (ix) To the extent practicable, any restriction on the use of the [data asset](/usc/44/3502.md?p=17).
      - (x) The location of the [data asset](/usc/44/3502.md?p=17).
      - (xi) Any other [metadata](/usc/44/3502.md?p=19) necessary to make the [comprehensive data inventory](/usc/44/3502.md?p=15) useful to the [agency](/usc/44/3502.md?p=1) and the public, or otherwise determined useful by the [Director](/usc/44/3502.md?p=4).
    - (B) A requirement for the head of an [agency](/usc/44/3502.md?p=1) to exclude from the [comprehensive data inventory](/usc/44/3502.md?p=15) any [data asset](/usc/44/3502.md?p=17) contained on a national security system, as defined in [section 11103 of title 40](/usc/40/11103.md).
    - (C) Criteria for the head of an [agency](/usc/44/3502.md?p=1) to use in determining which [metadata](/usc/44/3502.md?p=19) required by [subparagraph (A)](#a-2-A), if any, in the [comprehensive data inventory](/usc/44/3502.md?p=15) may not be made publicly available, which shall include, at a minimum, a requirement to ensure all information that could not otherwise be withheld from disclosure under [section 552 of title 5](/usc/5/552.md) is made public in the [comprehensive data inventory](/usc/44/3502.md?p=15).
    - (D) A requirement for the head of each [agency](/usc/44/3502.md?p=1), in accordance with a procedure established by the [Director](/usc/44/3502.md?p=4), to submit for inclusion in the Federal [data](/usc/44/3502.md?p=16) catalogue maintained under [subsection (c)](#c) the [comprehensive data inventory](/usc/44/3502.md?p=15) developed pursuant to [subparagraph (C)](#a-2-C), including any real-time updates to such inventory, and [data assets](/usc/44/3502.md?p=17) made available in accordance with [subparagraph (E)](#a-2-E) or any electronic hyperlink providing access to such [data assets](/usc/44/3502.md?p=17).
    - (E) Criteria for the head of an [agency](/usc/44/3502.md?p=1) to use in determining whether a particular [data asset](/usc/44/3502.md?p=17) should not be made publicly available in a manner that takes into account—
      - (i) risks and restrictions related to the disclosure of personally identifiable information, including the risk that an individual [data asset](/usc/44/3502.md?p=17) in isolation does not pose a privacy or confidentiality risk but when combined with other available information may pose such a risk;
      - (ii) security considerations, including the risk that information in an individual [data asset](/usc/44/3502.md?p=17) in isolation does not pose a security risk but when combined with other available information may pose such a risk;
      - (iii) the cost and benefits to the public of converting the [data](/usc/44/3502.md?p=16) into a format that could be understood and used by the public;
      - (iv) whether the public dissemination of the [data asset](/usc/44/3502.md?p=17) could result in legal liability;
      - (v) whether the [data asset](/usc/44/3502.md?p=17)—
        - (I) is subject to intellectual property rights, including rights under titles [17](/usc/17.md) and [35](/usc/35.md);
        - (II) contains confidential business information, that could be withheld under [section 552(b)(4) of title 5](/usc/5/552.md?p=b-4); or
        - (III) is restricted by contract or other binding, written agreement;
      - (vi) whether the holder of a right to such [data asset](/usc/44/3502.md?p=17) has been consulted;
      - (vii) the expectation that all [data assets](/usc/44/3502.md?p=17) that would otherwise be made available under [section 552 of title 5](/usc/5/552.md) be disclosed; and
      - (viii) any other considerations that the [Director](/usc/44/3502.md?p=4) determines to be relevant.
    - (F) Criteria for the head of an [agency](/usc/44/3502.md?p=1) to use in assessing the indication of a determination under [subparagraph (A)(iii)](#a-2-A-iii) and how to prioritize any such subsequent determinations in the strategic information management plan under [section 3506](/usc/44/3506.md), in consideration of the existing resources available to the [agency](/usc/44/3502.md?p=1).
  - (3) **Regular updates required.—** With respect to each [data asset](/usc/44/3502.md?p=17) created or identified by an [agency](/usc/44/3502.md?p=1), the head of the [agency](/usc/44/3502.md?p=1) shall update the [comprehensive data inventory](/usc/44/3502.md?p=15) of the [agency](/usc/44/3502.md?p=1) not later than 90 days after the date of such creation or identification.
- (b) **Public Data Assets.—** The head of each [agency](/usc/44/3502.md?p=1) shall submit [public data assets](/usc/44/3502.md?p=22), or links to [public data assets](/usc/44/3502.md?p=22) available online, as [open Government data assets](/usc/44/3502.md?p=20) for inclusion in the Federal [data](/usc/44/3502.md?p=16) catalogue maintained under [subsection (c)](#c), in accordance with the guidance established under [subsection (a)(2)](#a-2).
- (c) **Federal Data Catalogue.—**
  - (1) **In general.—** The Administrator of General Services shall maintain a single public interface online as a point of entry dedicated to sharing [agency](/usc/44/3502.md?p=1) [data assets](/usc/44/3502.md?p=17) with the public, which shall be known as the “Federal [data](/usc/44/3502.md?p=16) catalogue”. The Administrator and the [Director](/usc/44/3502.md?p=4) shall ensure that [agencies](/usc/44/3502.md?p=1) can submit [public data assets](/usc/44/3502.md?p=22), or links to [public data assets](/usc/44/3502.md?p=22), for publication and public availability on the interface.
  - (2) **Repository.—** The [Director](/usc/44/3502.md?p=4) shall collaborate with the Office of Government Information Services and the Administrator of General Services to develop and maintain an online repository of tools, best practices, and schema standards to facilitate the adoption of open [data](/usc/44/3502.md?p=16) practices across the Federal Government, which shall—
    - (A) include any definitions, regulations, policies, checklists, and case studies related to open [data](/usc/44/3502.md?p=16) policy;
    - (B) facilitate collaboration and the adoption of best practices across the Federal Government relating to the adoption of open [data](/usc/44/3502.md?p=16) practices; and
    - (C) be made available on the Federal [data](/usc/44/3502.md?p=16) catalogue maintained under [paragraph (1)](#c-1).
  - (3) **Access to other data assets.—** The [Director](/usc/44/3502.md?p=4) shall ensure the Federal [data](/usc/44/3502.md?p=16) catalogue maintained under [paragraph (1)](#c-1) provides information on how the public can access a [data asset](/usc/44/3502.md?p=17) included in a [comprehensive data inventory](/usc/44/3502.md?p=15) under [subsection (a)](#a) that is not yet available on the Federal [data](/usc/44/3502.md?p=16) catalogue, including information regarding the application process established under [section 3583 of title 44](/usc/44/3583.md).
- (d) **Delegation.—** The [Director](/usc/44/3502.md?p=4) shall delegate to the Administrator of the Office of Information and Regulatory Affairs and the Administrator of the Office of Electronic Government the authority to jointly issue guidance required under this section.

# §3512. Public protection

- (a) Notwithstanding any other provision of law, no [person](/usc/44/3502.md?p=10) shall be subject to any [penalty](/usc/44/3502.md?p=14) for failing to comply with a [collection of information](/usc/44/3502.md?p=3) that is subject to this subchapter if—
  - (1) the [collection of information](/usc/44/3502.md?p=3) does not display a valid control number assigned by the [Director](/usc/44/3502.md?p=4) in accordance with this subchapter; or
  - (2) the [agency](/usc/44/3502.md?p=1) fails to inform the [person](/usc/44/3502.md?p=10) who is to respond to the [collection of information](/usc/44/3502.md?p=3) that such [person](/usc/44/3502.md?p=10) is not required to respond to the [collection of information](/usc/44/3502.md?p=3) unless it displays a valid control number.
- (b) The protection provided by this section may be raised in the form of a complete defense, bar, or otherwise at any time during the [agency](/usc/44/3502.md?p=1) administrative process or judicial action applicable thereto.

# §3513. Director review of agency activities; reporting; agency response

- (a) In consultation with the Administrator of General Services, the [Archivist](/usc/44/2101.md?p=3) of the United States, the [Director](/usc/44/3502.md?p=4) of the National Institute of Standards and Technology, and the [Director](/usc/44/3502.md?p=4) of the Office of Personnel Management, the [Director](/usc/44/3502.md?p=4) shall periodically review selected [agency](/usc/44/3502.md?p=1) [information resources management](/usc/44/3502.md?p=7) activities to ascertain the efficiency and effectiveness of such activities to improve [agency](/usc/44/3502.md?p=1) performance and the accomplishment of [agency](/usc/44/3502.md?p=1) missions.
- (b) Each [agency](/usc/44/3502.md?p=1) having an activity reviewed under [subsection (a)](#a) shall, within 60 days after receipt of a report on the review, provide a written plan to the [Director](/usc/44/3502.md?p=4) describing steps (including milestones) to—
  - (1) be taken to address [information resources management](/usc/44/3502.md?p=7) problems identified in the report; and
  - (2) improve [agency](/usc/44/3502.md?p=1) performance and the accomplishment of [agency](/usc/44/3502.md?p=1) missions.
- (c) **Comparable Treatment.—** Notwithstanding any other provision of law, the [Director](/usc/44/3502.md?p=4) shall treat or review a rule or order prescribed or proposed by the [Director](/usc/44/3502.md?p=4) of the Bureau of Consumer Financial Protection on the same terms and conditions as apply to any rule or order prescribed or proposed by the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System.

# §3514. Responsiveness to Congress

- (a)
  - (1) The [Director](/usc/44/3502.md?p=4) shall—
    - (A) keep the Congress and congressional committees fully and currently informed of the major activities under this subchapter; and
    - (B) submit a report on such activities to the President of the Senate and the Speaker of the House of Representatives annually and at such other times as the [Director](/usc/44/3502.md?p=4) determines necessary.
  - (2) The [Director](/usc/44/3502.md?p=4) shall include in any such report a description of the extent to which [agencies](/usc/44/3502.md?p=1) have—
    - (A) reduced information collection [burdens](/usc/44/3502.md?p=2) on the public, including—
      - (i) a summary of accomplishments and planned initiatives to reduce [collection of information](/usc/44/3502.md?p=3) [burdens](/usc/44/3502.md?p=2);
      - (ii) a list of all violations of this subchapter and of any rules, guidelines, policies, and procedures issued pursuant to this subchapter;
      - (iii) a list of any increase in the [collection of information](/usc/44/3502.md?p=3) [burden](/usc/44/3502.md?p=2), including the authority for each such collection; and
      - (iv) a list of [agencies](/usc/44/3502.md?p=1) that in the preceding year did not reduce information collection [burdens](/usc/44/3502.md?p=2) in accordance with [section 3505(a)(1)](/usc/44/3505.md?p=a-1), a list of the programs and statutory responsibilities of those [agencies](/usc/44/3502.md?p=1) that precluded that reduction, and recommendations to assist those [agencies](/usc/44/3502.md?p=1) to reduce information collection [burdens](/usc/44/3502.md?p=2) in accordance with that section;
    - (B) improved the quality and utility of statistical information;
    - (C) improved public access to Government information; and
    - (D) improved program performance and the accomplishment of [agency](/usc/44/3502.md?p=1) missions through [information resources management](/usc/44/3502.md?p=7).
- (b) The preparation of any report required by this section shall be based on performance results reported by the [agencies](/usc/44/3502.md?p=1) and shall not increase the [collection of information](/usc/44/3502.md?p=3) [burden](/usc/44/3502.md?p=2) on [persons](/usc/44/3502.md?p=10) outside the Federal Government.

# §3515. Administrative powers


Upon the request of the [Director](/usc/44/3502.md?p=4), each [agency](/usc/44/3502.md?p=1) (other than an [independent regulatory agency](/usc/44/3502.md?p=5)) shall, to the extent practicable, make its services, personnel, and facilities available to the [Director](/usc/44/3502.md?p=4) for the performance of functions under this subchapter.


# §3516. Rules and regulations


The [Director](/usc/44/3502.md?p=4) shall promulgate rules, regulations, or procedures necessary to exercise the authority provided by this subchapter.


# §3517. Consultation with other agencies and the public

- (a) In developing [information resources management](/usc/44/3502.md?p=7) policies, plans, rules, regulations, procedures, and guidelines and in reviewing collections of information, the [Director](/usc/44/3502.md?p=4) shall provide interested [agencies](/usc/44/3502.md?p=1) and [persons](/usc/44/3502.md?p=10) early and meaningful opportunity to comment.
- (b) Any [person](/usc/44/3502.md?p=10) may request the [Director](/usc/44/3502.md?p=4) to review any [collection of information](/usc/44/3502.md?p=3) conducted by or for an [agency](/usc/44/3502.md?p=1) to determine, if, under this subchapter, a [person](/usc/44/3502.md?p=10) shall maintain, provide, or disclose the information to or for the [agency](/usc/44/3502.md?p=1). Unless the request is frivolous, the [Director](/usc/44/3502.md?p=4) shall, in coordination with the [agency](/usc/44/3502.md?p=1) responsible for the [collection of information](/usc/44/3502.md?p=3)—
  - (1) respond to the request within 60 days after receiving the request, unless such period is extended by the [Director](/usc/44/3502.md?p=4) to a specified date and the [person](/usc/44/3502.md?p=10) making the request is given notice of such extension; and
  - (2) take appropriate remedial action, if necessary.

# §3518. Effect on existing laws and regulations

- (a) Except as otherwise provided in this subchapter, the authority of an [agency](/usc/44/3502.md?p=1) under any other law to prescribe policies, rules, regulations, and procedures for Federal [information resources management](/usc/44/3502.md?p=7) activities is subject to the authority of the [Director](/usc/44/3502.md?p=4) under this subchapter.
- (b) Nothing in this subchapter shall be deemed to affect or reduce the authority of the Secretary of Commerce or the [Director](/usc/44/3502.md?p=4) of the Office of Management and Budget pursuant to Reorganization Plan No. 1 of 1977 (as amended) and Executive order, relating to telecommunications and information policy, procurement and management of telecommunications and [information systems](/usc/44/3502.md?p=8), spectrum use, and related matters.
- (c)
  - (1) Except as provided in [paragraph (2)](#c-2), this subchapter shall not apply to the [collection of information](/usc/44/3502.md?p=3)—
    - (A) during the conduct of a Federal criminal investigation or prosecution, or during the disposition of a particular criminal matter;
    - (B) during the conduct of—
      - (i) a civil action to which the United States or any official or [agency](/usc/44/3502.md?p=1) thereof is a party; or
      - (ii) an administrative action or investigation involving an [agency](/usc/44/3502.md?p=1) against specific individuals or entities;
    - (C) by compulsory process pursuant to the Antitrust Civil Process Act and section 13 of the Federal Trade Commission Improvements Act of 1980; or
    - (D) during the conduct of intelligence activities as defined in section 3.4(e) of Executive Order No. 12333, issued December 4, 1981, or successor orders, or during the conduct of cryptologic activities that are communications security activities.
  - (2) This subchapter applies to the [collection of information](/usc/44/3502.md?p=3) during the conduct of general investigations (other than information collected in an antitrust investigation to the extent provided in [subparagraph (C)](#c-1-C) of paragraph (1)) undertaken with reference to a category of individuals or entities such as a class of licensees or an entire industry.
- (d) Nothing in this subchapter shall be interpreted as increasing or decreasing the authority conferred by sections 11331 and 11332[^1] of [title 40](/usc/40.md) on the Secretary of Commerce or the [Director](/usc/44/3502.md?p=4) of the Office of Management and Budget.
- (e) Nothing in this subchapter shall be interpreted as increasing or decreasing the authority of the President, the Office of Management and Budget or the [Director](/usc/44/3502.md?p=4) thereof, under the laws of the United States, with respect to the substantive policies and programs of departments, [agencies](/usc/44/3502.md?p=1) and offices, including the substantive authority of any Federal [agency](/usc/44/3502.md?p=1) to enforce the civil rights laws.

# §3519. Access to information


Under the conditions and procedures prescribed in [section 716 of title 31](/usc/31/716.md), the [Director](/usc/44/3502.md?p=4) and personnel in the Office of Information and Regulatory Affairs shall furnish such information as the Comptroller General may require for the discharge of the responsibilities of the Comptroller General. For the purpose of obtaining such information, the Comptroller General or representatives thereof shall have access to all books, documents, papers and [records](/usc/44/2901.md?p=1), regardless of form or format, of the Office.


# §3520. Chief Data Officers

- (a) **Establishment.—** The head of each [agency](/usc/44/3502.md?p=1) shall designate a nonpolitical appointee employee in the [agency](/usc/44/3502.md?p=1) as the Chief [Data](/usc/44/3502.md?p=16) Officer of the [agency](/usc/44/3502.md?p=1).
- (b) **Qualifications.—** The Chief [Data](/usc/44/3502.md?p=16) Officer of an [agency](/usc/44/3502.md?p=1) shall be designated on the basis of demonstrated training and experience in [data](/usc/44/3502.md?p=16) management, governance (including creation, application, and maintenance of [data](/usc/44/3502.md?p=16) standards), collection, analysis, protection, use, and dissemination, including with respect to any statistical and related techniques to protect and de-identify confidential [data](/usc/44/3502.md?p=16).
- (c) **Functions.—** The Chief [Data](/usc/44/3502.md?p=16) Officer of an [agency](/usc/44/3502.md?p=1) shall—
  - (1) be responsible for lifecycle [data](/usc/44/3502.md?p=16) management;
  - (2) coordinate with any official in the [agency](/usc/44/3502.md?p=1) responsible for using, protecting, disseminating, and generating [data](/usc/44/3502.md?p=16) to ensure that the [data](/usc/44/3502.md?p=16) needs of the [agency](/usc/44/3502.md?p=1) are met;
  - (3) manage [data assets](/usc/44/3502.md?p=17) of the [agency](/usc/44/3502.md?p=1), including the standardization of [data](/usc/44/3502.md?p=16) format, sharing of [data assets](/usc/44/3502.md?p=17), and publication of [data assets](/usc/44/3502.md?p=17) in accordance with applicable law;
  - (4) in carrying out the requirements under paragraphs [(3)](#c-3) and [(5)](#c-5), consult with any statistical official of the [agency](/usc/44/3502.md?p=1) (as designated under [section 314 of title 5](/usc/5/314.md));
  - (5) carry out the requirements of the [agency](/usc/44/3502.md?p=1) under subsections [(b) through (d)](/usc/44/3506.md?p=b..d), [(f)](/usc/44/3506.md?p=f), and [(i)](/usc/44/3506.md?p=i) of section 3506, [section 3507](/usc/44/3507.md), and [section 3511](/usc/44/3511.md);
  - (6) ensure that, to the extent practicable, [agency](/usc/44/3502.md?p=1) [data](/usc/44/3502.md?p=16) conforms with [data](/usc/44/3502.md?p=16) management best practices;
  - (7) engage [agency](/usc/44/3502.md?p=1) employees, the public, and contractors in using [public data assets](/usc/44/3502.md?p=22) and encourage collaborative approaches on improving [data](/usc/44/3502.md?p=16) use;
  - (8) support the Performance Improvement Officer of the [agency](/usc/44/3502.md?p=1) in identifying and using [data](/usc/44/3502.md?p=16) to carry out the functions described in [section 1124(a)(2) of title 31](/usc/31/1124.md?p=a-2);
  - (9) support the Evaluation Officer of the [agency](/usc/44/3502.md?p=1) in obtaining [data](/usc/44/3502.md?p=16) to carry out the functions described in [section 313(d) of title 5](/usc/5/313.md?p=d);
  - (10) review the impact of the infrastructure of the [agency](/usc/44/3502.md?p=1) on [data asset](/usc/44/3502.md?p=17) accessibility and coordinate with the Chief Information Officer of the [agency](/usc/44/3502.md?p=1) to improve such infrastructure to reduce barriers that inhibit [data asset](/usc/44/3502.md?p=17) accessibility;
  - (11) ensure that, to the extent practicable, the [agency](/usc/44/3502.md?p=1) maximizes the use of [data](/usc/44/3502.md?p=16) in the [agency](/usc/44/3502.md?p=1), including for the production of evidence (as defined in [section 3561](/usc/44/3561.md)), cybersecurity, and the improvement of [agency](/usc/44/3502.md?p=1) operations;
  - (12) identify points of contact for roles and responsibilities related to open [data](/usc/44/3502.md?p=16) use and implementation (as required by the [Director](/usc/44/3502.md?p=4));
  - (13) serve as the [agency](/usc/44/3502.md?p=1) liaison to other [agencies](/usc/44/3502.md?p=1) and the Office of Management and Budget on the best way to use existing [agency](/usc/44/3502.md?p=1) [data](/usc/44/3502.md?p=16) for statistical purposes (as defined in [section 3561](/usc/44/3561.md)); and
  - (14) comply with any regulation and guidance issued under subchapter III, including the acquisition and maintenance of any required certification and training.
- (d) **Delegation of Responsibilities.—**
  - (1) **In general.—** To the extent necessary to comply with [statistical laws](/usc/44/3502.md?p=23), the Chief [Data](/usc/44/3502.md?p=16) Officer of an [agency](/usc/44/3502.md?p=1) shall delegate any responsibility under [subsection (c)](#c) to the head of a statistical [agency](/usc/44/3502.md?p=1) or unit (as defined in [section 3561](/usc/44/3561.md)) within the [agency](/usc/44/3502.md?p=1).
  - (2) **Consultation.—** To the extent permissible under law, the individual to whom a responsibility has been delegated under [paragraph (1)](#d-1) shall consult with the Chief [Data](/usc/44/3502.md?p=16) Officer of the [agency](/usc/44/3502.md?p=1) in carrying out such responsibility.
  - (3) **Deference.—** The Chief [Data](/usc/44/3502.md?p=16) Officer of the [agency](/usc/44/3502.md?p=1) shall defer to the individual to whom a responsibility has been delegated under [paragraph (1)](#d-1) regarding the necessary delegation of such responsibility with respect to any [data](/usc/44/3502.md?p=16) acquired, maintained, or disseminated by the [agency](/usc/44/3502.md?p=1) under applicable statistical law.
- (e) **Reports.—** The Chief [Data](/usc/44/3502.md?p=16) Officer of an [agency](/usc/44/3502.md?p=1) shall submit to the Committee on Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs of the Senate and the Committee on Oversight and Government Reform of the House of Representatives an annual report on the compliance of the [agency](/usc/44/3502.md?p=1) with the requirements of this subchapter, including information on each requirement that the [agency](/usc/44/3502.md?p=1) could not carry out and, if applicable, what the [agency](/usc/44/3502.md?p=1) needs to carry out such requirement.

# §3520A. Chief Data Officer Council

- (a) **Establishment.—** There is established in the Office of Management and Budget a Chief [Data](/usc/44/3502.md?p=16) Officer Council (in this section referred to as the “Council”).
- (b) **Purpose and Functions.—** The Council shall—
  - (1) establish Governmentwide best practices for the use, protection, dissemination, and generation of [data](/usc/44/3502.md?p=16);
  - (2) promote and encourage [data](/usc/44/3502.md?p=16) sharing agreements between [agencies](/usc/44/3502.md?p=1);
  - (3) identify ways in which [agencies](/usc/44/3502.md?p=1) can improve upon the production of evidence for use in policymaking;
  - (4) consult with the public and engage with private users of Government [data](/usc/44/3502.md?p=16) and other stakeholders on how to improve access to [data assets](/usc/44/3502.md?p=17) of the Federal Government; and
  - (5) identify and evaluate new technology solutions for improving the collection and use of [data](/usc/44/3502.md?p=16).
- (c) **Membership.—**
  - (1) **In general.—** The Chief [Data](/usc/44/3502.md?p=16) Officer of each [agency](/usc/44/3502.md?p=1) shall serve as a member of the Council.
  - (2) **Chair.—** The [Director](/usc/44/3502.md?p=4) shall select the Chair of the Council from among the members of the Council.
  - (3) **Additional members.—** The Administrator of the Office of Electronic Government shall serve as a member of the Council.
  - (4) **Ex officio member.—** The [Director](/usc/44/3502.md?p=4) shall appoint a representative for all Chief Information Officers and Evaluation Officers, and such representative shall serve as an ex officio member of the Council.
- (d) **Reports.—** The Council shall submit to the [Director](/usc/44/3502.md?p=4), the Committee on Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs of the Senate, and the Committee on Oversight and Government Reform of the House of Representatives a biennial report on the work of the Council.
- (e) **Evaluation and Termination.—**
  - (1) **GAO evaluation of council.—** Not later than 4 years after date[^1] of the enactment of this section, the Comptroller General shall submit to Congress a report on whether the additional duties of the Council improved the use of evidence and program evaluation in the Federal Government.
  - (2) **Termination of council.—** The Council shall terminate and this section shall be repealed upon the expiration of the 2-year period that begins on the date the Comptroller General submits the report under [paragraph (1)](#e-1) to Congress.

# §3521. Authorization of appropriations


There are authorized to be appropriated to the Office of Information and Regulatory Affairs to carry out the provisions of this subchapter, and for no other purpose, $8,000,000 for each of the fiscal years 1996, 1997, 1998, 1999, 2000, and 2001.