---
kind: "section"
citation: "44 U.S.C. § 3312"
title: "44"
title_heading: "Public Printing and Documents"
number: "3312"
heading: "Photographs or microphotographs of records considered as originals; certified reproductions admissible in evidence"
release: "119-102"
date: "2026-07-12"
url: "https://uscodex.org/usc/44/3312"
units:
  - "Chapter 33 — Disposal of Records"
---

# §3312. Photographs or microphotographs of records considered as originals; certified reproductions admissible in evidence


Photographs, microphotographs of [records](/usc/44/3301.md?p=a-1), or digitized [records](/usc/44/3301.md?p=a-1) made in compliance with regulations under [section 3302 of this title](/usc/44/3302.md) shall have the same effect as the originals and shall be treated as originals for the purpose of their admissibility in evidence. Certified or authenticated reproductions of the photographs, microphotographs, or digitized [records](/usc/44/3301.md?p=a-1) shall be admitted in evidence equally with the original photographs, microphotographs, or digitized [records](/usc/44/3301.md?p=a-1).


## Source credit

(Pub. L. 90–620, Oct. 22, 1968, 82 Stat. 1302; Pub. L. 113–187, § 5(e), Nov. 26, 2014, 128 Stat. 2010.)

## Notes

### Historical and Revision Notes

Based on 44 U.S. Code, 1964 ed., § 378 (July 7, 1943, ch. 192, § 13, 57 Stat. 382).

### Editorial Notes

### Amendments

2014—Pub. L. 113–187 substituted “Photographs, microphotographs of records, or digitized records” for “Photographs or microphotographs of records” and substituted “photographs, microphotographs, or digitized records” for “photographs or microphotographs” in two places.