---
kind: "section"
citation: "42 U.S.C. § 654b"
title: "42"
title_heading: "The Public Health and Welfare"
number: "654b"
heading: "Collection and disbursement of support payments"
release: "119-102"
date: "2026-07-12"
url: "https://uscodex.org/usc/42/654b"
units:
  - "Chapter 7 — Social Security"
  - "Subchapter IV — Grants to States for Aid and Services to Needy Families with Children and for Child-Welfare Services"
  - "Part D — Child Support and Establishment of Paternity"
---

# §654b. Collection and disbursement of support payments

- (a) **State disbursement unit—**
  - (1) **In general—** In order for a [State](/usc/42/619.md?p=5) to meet the requirements of this section, the [State agency](/usc/42/629a.md?p=a-3) must establish and operate a unit (which shall be known as the “[State](/usc/42/619.md?p=5) disbursement unit”) for the collection and disbursement of payments under support orders—
    - (A) in all cases being enforced by the [State](/usc/42/619.md?p=5) pursuant to [section 654(4) of this title](/usc/42/654.md?p=4); and
    - (B) in all cases not being enforced by the [State](/usc/42/619.md?p=5) under this part in which the support order is initially issued in the [State](/usc/42/619.md?p=5) on or after January 1, 1994, and in which the income of the noncustodial parent is subject to withholding pursuant to [section 666(a)(8)(B) of this title](/usc/42/666.md?p=a-8-B).
  - (2) **Operation—** The [State](/usc/42/619.md?p=5) disbursement unit shall be operated—
    - (A) directly by the [State agency](/usc/42/629a.md?p=a-3) (or 2 or more [State agencies](/usc/42/629a.md?p=a-3) under a regional cooperative agreement), or (to the extent appropriate) by a contractor responsible directly to the [State agency](/usc/42/629a.md?p=a-3); and
    - (B) except in cases described in [paragraph (1)(B)](#a-1-B), in coordination with the automated system established by the [State](/usc/42/619.md?p=5) pursuant to [section 654a of this title](/usc/42/654a.md).
  - (3) **Linking of local disbursement units—** The [State](/usc/42/619.md?p=5) disbursement unit may be established by linking local disbursement units through an automated information network, subject to this section, if the [Secretary](/usc/42/1301.md?p=a-6) agrees that the system will not cost more nor take more time to establish or operate than a centralized system. In addition, employers shall be given 1 location to which income withholding is sent.
- (b) **Required procedures—** The [State](/usc/42/619.md?p=5) disbursement unit shall use automated procedures, electronic processes, and computer-driven technology to the maximum extent feasible, efficient, and economical, for the collection and disbursement of support payments, [including](/usc/42/1301.md?p=b) procedures—
  - (1) for receipt of payments from parents, employers, and other [States](/usc/42/619.md?p=5), and for disbursements to custodial parents and other obligees, the [State agency](/usc/42/629a.md?p=a-3), and the [agencies](/usc/42/1397n–12.md?p=1) of other [States](/usc/42/619.md?p=5);
  - (2) for accurate identification of payments;
  - (3) to ensure prompt disbursement of the custodial parent’s share of any payment; and
  - (4) to furnish to any parent, upon request, timely information on the current status of support payments under an order requiring payments to be made by or to the parent, except that in cases described in [subsection (a)(1)(B)](#a-1-B), the [State](/usc/42/619.md?p=5) disbursement unit shall not be required to convert and maintain in automated form records of payments kept pursuant to [section 666(a)(8)(B)(iii) of this title](/usc/42/666.md?p=a-8-B-iii) before the effective date of this section.
- (c) **Timing of disbursements—**
  - (1) **In general—** Except as provided in [paragraph (2)](#c-2), the [State](/usc/42/619.md?p=5) disbursement unit shall distribute all amounts payable under [section 657(a) of this title](/usc/42/657.md?p=a) within 2 business days after receipt from the employer or other source of periodic income, if sufficient information identifying the payee is provided. The date of collection for amounts collected and distributed under this part is the date of receipt by the [State](/usc/42/619.md?p=5) disbursement unit, except that if current support is withheld by an employer in the month when due and is received by the [State](/usc/42/619.md?p=5) disbursement unit in a month other than the month when due, the date of withholding may be deemed to be the date of collection.
  - (2) **Permissive retention of arrearages—** The [State](/usc/42/619.md?p=5) disbursement unit may delay the distribution of collections toward arrearages until the resolution of any timely appeal with respect to such arrearages.
- (d) **“Business day” defined—** As used in this section, the term “business day” means a day on which [State](/usc/42/619.md?p=5) offices are open for regular business.

## Source credit

(Aug. 14, 1935, ch. 531, title IV, § 454B, as added Pub. L. 104–193, title III, § 312(b), Aug. 22, 1996, 110 Stat. 2207; amended Pub. L. 105–33, title V, § 5549, Aug. 5, 1997, 111 Stat. 633.)

## Notes

### Editorial Notes

### References in Text

For effective date of this section, referred to in subsec. (b)(4), see Effective Date note below.

### Amendments

1997—Subsec. (c)(1). Pub. L. 105–33 inserted at end “The date of collection for amounts collected and distributed under this part is the date of receipt by the State disbursement unit, except that if current support is withheld by an employer in the month when due and is received by the State disbursement unit in a month other than the month when due, the date of withholding may be deemed to be the date of collection.”

### Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

### Effective Date of 1997 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 105–33 effective as if included in the enactment of title III of the Personal Responsibility and Work Opportunity Reconciliation Act of 1996, Pub. L. 104–193, see section 5557 of Pub. L. 105–33, set out as a note under section 608 of this title.

### Effective Date

Pub. L. 104–193, title III, § 312(d), Aug. 22, 1996, 110 Stat. 2209, provided that: In general.—Except as provided in paragraph (2), the amendments made by this section [enacting this section and amending sections 654 and 654a of this title] shall become effective on October 1, 1998. Limited exception to unit handling payments.—Notwithstanding section 454B(b)(1) of the Social Security Act [42 U.S.C. 654b(b)(1)], as added by this section, any State which, as of the date of the enactment of this Act [Aug. 22, 1996], processes the receipt of child support payments through local courts may, at the option of the State, continue to process through September 30, 1999, such payments through such courts as processed such payments on or before such date of enactment.”

For provisions relating to effective date of title III of Pub. L. 104–193, see section 395(a)–(c) of Pub. L. 104–193, set out as an Effective Date of 1996 Amendment note under section 654 of this title.