---
kind: "section"
citation: "42 U.S.C. § 6316"
title: "42"
title_heading: "The Public Health and Welfare"
number: "6316"
heading: "Administration, penalties, enforcement, and preemption"
release: "119-102"
date: "2026-07-12"
url: "https://uscodex.org/usc/42/6316"
units:
  - "Chapter 77 — Energy Conservation"
  - "Subchapter III — Improving Energy Efficiency"
  - "Part A–1"
---

# §6316. Administration, penalties, enforcement, and preemption

- (a) The provisions of [section 6296(a)](/usc/42/6296.md?p=a), (b), and (d) of this title, the provisions of subsections (l) through (s) of [section 6295 of this title](/usc/42/6295.md), and section[^1] 6297 through [6306](/usc/42/6306.md) of this title shall apply with respect to this part (other than the equipment specified in subparagraphs (B), (C), (D), (I), (J), and (K) of [section 6311(1) of this title](/usc/42/6311.md?p=1)) to the same extent and in the same manner as they apply in part A. In applying such provisions for the purposes of this part—
  - (1) references to sections [6293](/usc/42/6293.md), [6294](/usc/42/6294.md), and [6295](/usc/42/6295.md) of this title shall be considered as references to sections [6314](/usc/42/6314.md), [6315](/usc/42/6315.md), and [6313](/usc/42/6313.md) of this title, respectively;
  - (2) references to “this part” shall be treated as referring to part A–1;
  - (3) the term “equipment” shall be substituted for the term “product”;
  - (4) the term “[Secretary](/usc/42/6202.md?p=1)” shall be substituted for “[Commission](/usc/42/6291.md?p=18)” each place it appears (other than in [section 6303(c)](/usc/42/6303.md?p=c) of title);
  - (5) [section 6297(a) of this title](/usc/42/6297.md?p=a) shall be applied, in the case of electric motors, as if the National [Appliance](/usc/42/6321.md?p=c-1) [Energy](/usc/42/6291.md?p=3) Conservation Act of 1987 was the [Energy](/usc/42/6291.md?p=3) Policy Act of 1992;
  - (6) [section 6297(b)(1) of this title](/usc/42/6297.md?p=b-1) shall be applied as if electric motors were [fluorescent lamp ballasts](/usc/42/6291.md?p=29-A) and as if the National [Appliance](/usc/42/6321.md?p=c-1) [Energy](/usc/42/6291.md?p=3) Conservation Amendments of 1988 were the [Energy](/usc/42/6291.md?p=3) Policy Act of 1992;
  - (7) [section 6297(b)(4) of this title](/usc/42/6297.md?p=b-4) shall be applied as if electric motors were [fluorescent lamp ballasts](/usc/42/6291.md?p=29-A) and as if paragraph (5) of [section 6295(g) of this title](/usc/42/6295.md?p=g) were [section 6313 of this title](/usc/42/6313.md);
  - (8) notwithstanding any other provision of law, a regulation or other requirement adopted by a [State](/usc/42/6202.md?p=4) or subdivision of a [State](/usc/42/6202.md?p=4) contained in a [State](/usc/42/6202.md?p=4) or local building code for new [construction](/usc/42/300s–3.md?p=7) concerning the [energy efficiency](/usc/42/6291.md?p=5) or [energy use](/usc/42/6291.md?p=4) of an electric motor covered under this part is not superseded by the standards for such electric motor established or prescribed under [section 6313(b) of this title](/usc/42/6313.md?p=b) if such regulation or requirement is identical to the standards established or prescribed under such section;
  - (9) in the case of [commercial clothes washers](/usc/42/6311.md?p=21), [section 6297(b)(1) of this title](/usc/42/6297.md?p=b-1) shall be applied as if the National [Appliance](/usc/42/6321.md?p=c-1) [Energy](/usc/42/6291.md?p=3) Conservation Act of 1987 was the [Energy](/usc/42/6291.md?p=3) Policy Act of 2005; and
  - (10) [section 6297 of this title](/usc/42/6297.md) shall apply with respect to the equipment described in [section 6311(1)(L) of this title](/usc/42/6311.md?p=1-L) beginning on the date on which a final rule establishing an [energy conservation standard](/usc/42/6291.md?p=6) is issued by the [Secretary](/usc/42/6202.md?p=1), except that any [State](/usc/42/6202.md?p=4) or local standard prescribed or enacted for the equipment before the date on which the final rule is issued shall not be preempted until the [energy conservation standard](/usc/42/6291.md?p=6) established by the [Secretary](/usc/42/6202.md?p=1) for the equipment takes effect.
- (b)
  - (1) The provisions of [section 6295(p)(4) of this title](/usc/42/6295.md?p=p-4), [section 6296(a)](/usc/42/6296.md?p=a), (b), and (d) of this title, [section 6297(a) of this title](/usc/42/6297.md?p=a), and sections [6298](/usc/42/6298.md) through [6306](/usc/42/6306.md) of this title shall apply with respect to the equipment specified in subparagraphs (B), (C), (D), (I), (J), and (K) of [section 6311(1) of this title](/usc/42/6311.md?p=1) to the same extent and in the same manner as they apply in part A. In applying such provisions for the purposes of such equipment, paragraphs [(1)](#a-1), [(2)](#a-2), [(3)](#a-3), and [(4)](#a-4) of subsection (a) shall apply.
  - (2)
    - (A) A standard prescribed or established under [section 6313(a) of this title](/usc/42/6313.md?p=a) shall, beginning on the effective date of such standard, supersede any [State](/usc/42/6202.md?p=4) or local regulation concerning the [energy efficiency](/usc/42/6291.md?p=5) or [energy use](/usc/42/6291.md?p=4) of a product for which a standard is prescribed or established pursuant to such section.
    - (B) Notwithstanding [subparagraph (A)](#b-2-A), a standard prescribed or established under [section 6313(a) of this title](/usc/42/6313.md?p=a) shall not supersede a standard for such a product contained in a [State](/usc/42/6202.md?p=4) or local building code for new [construction](/usc/42/300s–3.md?p=7) if—
      - (i) the standard in the building code does not require that the [energy efficiency](/usc/42/6291.md?p=5) of such product exceed the applicable minimum [energy efficiency](/usc/42/6291.md?p=5) requirement in amended [ASHRAE](/usc/42/6311.md?p=14)/[IES](/usc/42/6291.md?p=30-L) Standard 90.1; and
      - (ii) the standard in the building code does not take effect prior to the effective date of the applicable minimum [energy efficiency](/usc/42/6291.md?p=5) requirement in amended [ASHRAE](/usc/42/6311.md?p=14)/[IES](/usc/42/6291.md?p=30-L) Standard 90.1.
    - (C) Notwithstanding [subparagraph (A)](#b-2-A), a standard prescribed or established under [section 6313(a) of this title](/usc/42/6313.md?p=a) shall not supersede the standards established by the [State](/usc/42/6202.md?p=4) of California set forth in Table C–6, California Code of Regulations, [Title 24](/usc/24.md), Part 2, Chapter 2–53, for water-source [heat pumps](/usc/42/6291.md?p=24) below 135,000 Btu per hour (cooling capacity) that become effective on January 1, 1993.
    - (D) Notwithstanding [subparagraph (A)](#b-2-A), a standard prescribed or established under [section 6313(a) of this title](/usc/42/6313.md?p=a) shall not supersede a [State](/usc/42/6202.md?p=4) regulation which has been granted a waiver by the [Secretary](/usc/42/6202.md?p=1). The [Secretary](/usc/42/6202.md?p=1) may grant a waiver pursuant to the terms, conditions, criteria, procedures, and other requirements specified in [section 6297(d) of this title](/usc/42/6297.md?p=d).
- (c) With respect to any electric motor to which standards are applicable under [section 6313(b) of this title](/usc/42/6313.md?p=b), the [Secretary](/usc/42/6202.md?p=1) shall require [manufacturers](/usc/42/6291.md?p=12) to certify, through an independent testing or certification program nationally recognized in the [United States](/usc/42/6202.md?p=5), that such motor meets the applicable standard.
- (d)
  - (1) Except as provided in paragraphs [(2)](#d-2) and (3), [section 6297 of this title](/usc/42/6297.md) shall apply with respect to [very large commercial package air conditioning and heating equipment](/usc/42/6311.md?p=8-D) to the same extent and in the same manner as [section 6297 of this title](/usc/42/6297.md) applies under part A on August 8, 2005.
  - (2) Any [State](/usc/42/6202.md?p=4) or local standard issued before August 8, 2005, shall not be preempted until the standards established under [section 6313(a)(9) of this title](/usc/42/6313.md?p=a-9) take effect on January 1, 2010.
- (e)
  - (1)
    - (A) Subsections (a), (b), and (d) of [section 6296 of this title](/usc/42/6296.md), subsections (m) through (s) of [section 6295 of this title](/usc/42/6295.md), and sections [6298](/usc/42/6298.md) through [6306](/usc/42/6306.md) of this title shall apply with respect to commercial refrigerators, freezers, and refrigerator-freezers to the same extent and in the same manner as those provisions apply under part A.
    - (B) In applying those provisions to commercial refrigerators, freezers, and refrigerator-freezers, paragraphs [(1)](#a-1), [(2)](#a-2), [(3)](#a-3), and [(4)](#a-4) of subsection (a) shall apply.
  - (2)
    - (A) [Section 6297 of this title](/usc/42/6297.md) shall apply to commercial refrigerators, freezers, and refrigerator-freezers for which standards are established under paragraphs (2) and (3) of [section 6313(c) of this title](/usc/42/6313.md?p=c) to the same extent and in the same manner as those provisions apply under part A on August 8, 2005, except that any [State](/usc/42/6202.md?p=4) or local standard issued before August 8, 2005, shall not be preempted until the standards established under paragraphs (2) and (3) of [section 6313(c) of this title](/usc/42/6313.md?p=c) take effect.
    - (B) In applying [section 6297 of this title](/usc/42/6297.md) in accordance with [subparagraph (A)](#e-2-A), paragraphs [(1)](#a-1), [(2)](#a-2), and [(3)](#a-3) of subsection (a) shall apply.
  - (3)
    - (A) [Section 6297 of this title](/usc/42/6297.md) shall apply to commercial refrigerators, freezers, and refrigerator-freezers for which standards are established under [section 6313(c)(4)](/usc/42/6313.md?p=c-4)[^2] of this title to the same extent and in the same manner as the provisions apply under part A on the date of publication of the final rule by the [Secretary](/usc/42/6202.md?p=1), except that any [State](/usc/42/6202.md?p=4) or local standard issued before the date of publication of the final rule by the [Secretary](/usc/42/6202.md?p=1) shall not be preempted until the standards take effect.
    - (B) In applying [section 6297 of this title](/usc/42/6297.md) in accordance with [subparagraph (A)](#e-3-A), paragraphs [(1)](#a-1), [(2)](#a-2), and [(3)](#a-3) of subsection (a) shall apply.
  - (4)
    - (A) If the [Secretary](/usc/42/6202.md?p=1) does not issue a final rule for a specific type of commercial refrigerator, freezer, or refrigerator-freezer within the time frame specified in [section 6313(c)(5)](/usc/42/6313.md?p=c-5)[^2] of this title, subsections (b) and (c) of [section 6297 of this title](/usc/42/6297.md) shall not apply to that specific type of refrigerator, freezer, or refrigerator-freezer for the period beginning on the date that is 2 years after the scheduled date for a final rule and ending on the date on which the [Secretary](/usc/42/6202.md?p=1) publishes a final rule covering the specific type of refrigerator, freezer, or refrigerator-freezer.
    - (B) Any [State](/usc/42/6202.md?p=4) or local standard issued before the date of publication of the final rule shall not be preempted until the final rule takes effect.
  - (5)
    - (A) In the case of any commercial refrigerator, freezer, or refrigerator-freezer to which standards are applicable under paragraphs (2) and (3) of [section 6313(c) of this title](/usc/42/6313.md?p=c), the [Secretary](/usc/42/6202.md?p=1) shall require [manufacturers](/usc/42/6291.md?p=12) to certify, through an independent, nationally recognized testing or certification program, that the commercial refrigerator, freezer, or refrigerator-freezer meets the applicable standard.
    - (B) The [Secretary](/usc/42/6202.md?p=1) shall, to the maximum extent practicable, encourage the establishment of at least 2 independent testing and certification programs.
    - (C) As part of certification, information on equipment [energy use](/usc/42/6291.md?p=4) and interior volume shall be made available to the [Secretary](/usc/42/6202.md?p=1).
- (f)
  - (1)
    - (A)
      - (i) Except as provided in [clause (ii)](#f-1-A-ii), [section 6297 of this title](/usc/42/6297.md) shall apply to [automatic commercial ice makers](/usc/42/6311.md?p=19) for which standards have been established under [section 6313(d)(1) of this title](/usc/42/6313.md?p=d-1) to the same extent and in the same manner as the section applies under part A on August 8, 2005.
      - (ii) Any [State](/usc/42/6202.md?p=4) standard issued before August 8, 2005, shall not be preempted until the standards established under [section 6313(d)(1) of this title](/usc/42/6313.md?p=d-1) take effect.
    - (B) In applying [section 6297 of this title](/usc/42/6297.md) to the equipment under [subparagraph (A)](#f-1-A), paragraphs [(1)](#a-1), [(2)](#a-2), and [(3)](#a-3) of subsection (a) shall apply.
  - (2)
    - (A)
      - (i) Except as provided in [clause (ii)](#f-2-A-ii), [section 6297 of this title](/usc/42/6297.md) shall apply to [automatic commercial ice makers](/usc/42/6311.md?p=19) for which standards have been established under [section 6313(d)(2) of this title](/usc/42/6313.md?p=d-2) to the same extent and in the same manner as the section applies under part A on the date of publication of the final rule by the [Secretary](/usc/42/6202.md?p=1).
      - (ii) Any [State](/usc/42/6202.md?p=4) standard issued before the date of publication of the final rule by the [Secretary](/usc/42/6202.md?p=1) shall not be preempted until the standards established under [section 6313(d)(2) of this title](/usc/42/6313.md?p=d-2) take effect.
    - (B) In applying [section 6297 of this title](/usc/42/6297.md) in accordance with [subparagraph (A)](#f-2-A), paragraphs [(1)](#a-1), [(2)](#a-2), and [(3)](#a-3) of subsection (a) shall apply.
  - (3)
    - (A) If the [Secretary](/usc/42/6202.md?p=1) does not issue a final rule for a specific type of [automatic commercial ice maker](/usc/42/6311.md?p=19) within the time frame specified in [section 6313(d) of this title](/usc/42/6313.md?p=d), subsections (b) and (c) of [section 6297 of this title](/usc/42/6297.md) shall no longer apply to the specific type of [automatic commercial ice maker](/usc/42/6311.md?p=19) for the period beginning on the day after the scheduled date for a final rule and ending on the date on which the [Secretary](/usc/42/6202.md?p=1) publishes a final rule covering the specific type of [automatic commercial ice maker](/usc/42/6311.md?p=19).
    - (B) Any [State](/usc/42/6202.md?p=4) standard issued before the publication of the final rule shall not be preempted until the standards established in the final rule take effect.
  - (4)
    - (A) The [Secretary](/usc/42/6202.md?p=1) shall monitor whether [manufacturers](/usc/42/6291.md?p=12) are reducing [harvest rates](/usc/42/6311.md?p=22) below tested values for the purpose of bringing non-complying equipment into compliance.
    - (B) If the [Secretary](/usc/42/6202.md?p=1) finds that there has been a substantial amount of manipulation with respect to [harvest rates](/usc/42/6311.md?p=22) under [subparagraph (A)](#f-4-A), the [Secretary](/usc/42/6202.md?p=1) shall take steps to minimize the manipulation, such as requiring [harvest rates](/usc/42/6311.md?p=22) to be within 5 percent of tested values.
- (g)
  - (1)
    - (A) If the [Secretary](/usc/42/6202.md?p=1) does not issue a final rule for [commercial clothes washers](/usc/42/6311.md?p=21) within the timeframe specified in [section 6313(e)(2) of this title](/usc/42/6313.md?p=e-2), subsections (b) and (c) of [section 6297 of this title](/usc/42/6297.md) shall not apply to [commercial clothes washers](/usc/42/6311.md?p=21) for the period beginning on the day after the scheduled date for a final rule and ending on the date on which the [Secretary](/usc/42/6202.md?p=1) publishes a final rule covering [commercial clothes washers](/usc/42/6311.md?p=21).
    - (B) Any [State](/usc/42/6202.md?p=4) or local standard issued before the date on which the [Secretary](/usc/42/6202.md?p=1) publishes a final rule shall not be preempted until the standards established under [section 6313(e)(2) of this title](/usc/42/6313.md?p=e-2) take effect.
  - (2) The [Secretary](/usc/42/6202.md?p=1) shall undertake an educational program to inform [owners](/usc/42/13641.md?p=4) of laundromats, multifamily housing, and other sites where [commercial clothes washers](/usc/42/6311.md?p=21) are located about the new standard, including impacts on washer purchase costs and options for recovering those costs through coin collection.
- (h) **Walk-in coolers and walk-in freezers.—**
  - (1) **Covered types.—**
    - (A) **Relationship to other law.—**
      - (i) **In general.—** Except as otherwise provided in this subsection, [section 6297 of this title](/usc/42/6297.md) shall apply to [walk-in coolers](/usc/42/6311.md?p=20-A) and [walk-in freezers](/usc/42/6311.md?p=20-A) for which standards have been established under paragraphs (1), (2), and (3) of [section 6313(f) of this title](/usc/42/6313.md?p=f) to the same extent and in the same manner as the section applies under part A on December 19, 2007.
      - (ii) **State standards.—** Any [State](/usc/42/6202.md?p=4) standard prescribed before December 19, 2007, shall not be preempted until the standards established under paragraphs (1) and (2) of [section 6313(f) of this title](/usc/42/6313.md?p=f) take effect.
    - (B) **Administration.—** In applying [section 6297 of this title](/usc/42/6297.md) to equipment under [subparagraph (A)](#h-1-A), paragraphs [(1)](#a-1), [(2)](#a-2), and [(3)](#a-3) of subsection (a) shall apply.
  - (2) **Final rule not timely.—**
    - (A) **In general.—** If the [Secretary](/usc/42/6202.md?p=1) does not issue a final rule for a specific type of [walk-in cooler](/usc/42/6311.md?p=20-A) or [walk-in freezer](/usc/42/6311.md?p=20-A) within the timeframe established under paragraph (4) or (5) of [section 6313(f) of this title](/usc/42/6313.md?p=f), subsections (b) and (c) of [section 6297 of this title](/usc/42/6297.md) shall no longer apply to the specific type of [walk-in cooler](/usc/42/6311.md?p=20-A) or [walk-in freezer](/usc/42/6311.md?p=20-A) during the period—
      - (i) beginning on the day after the scheduled date for a final rule; and
      - (ii) ending on the date on which the [Secretary](/usc/42/6202.md?p=1) publishes a final rule covering the specific type of [walk-in cooler](/usc/42/6311.md?p=20-A) or [walk-in freezer](/usc/42/6311.md?p=20-A).
    - (B) **State standards.—** Any [State](/usc/42/6202.md?p=4) standard issued before the publication of the final rule shall not be preempted until the standards established in the final rule take effect.
  - (3) **California.—** Any standard issued in the [State](/usc/42/6202.md?p=4) of California before January 1, 2011, under [title 20](/usc/20.md) of the California Code of Regulations, that refers to [walk-in coolers](/usc/42/6311.md?p=20-A) and [walk-in freezers](/usc/42/6311.md?p=20-A), for which standards have been established under paragraphs (1), (2), and (3) of [section 6313(f) of this title](/usc/42/6313.md?p=f), shall not be preempted until the standards established under [section 6313(f)(4) of this title](/usc/42/6313.md?p=f-4) take effect.

## Footnotes

[^1]: So in original. Probably should be “sections”.
[^2]: See References in Text note below.

## Source credit

(Pub. L. 94–163, title III, § 345, as added Pub. L. 95–619, title IV, § 441(a), Nov. 9, 1978, 92 Stat. 3272; amended Pub. L. 102–486, title I, § 122(e), Oct. 24, 1992, 106 Stat. 2815; Pub. L. 105–388, § 5(a)(7), Nov. 13, 1998, 112 Stat. 3478; Pub. L. 109–58, title I, § 136(h), Aug. 8, 2005, 119 Stat. 643; Pub. L. 110–140, title III, §§ 308(b), 312(e), Dec. 19, 2007, 121 Stat. 1561, 1567; Pub. L. 112–210, § 10(a)(5), Dec. 18, 2012, 126 Stat. 1524.)

## Notes

### Editorial Notes

### References in Text

The National Appliance Energy Conservation Act of 1987, referred to in subsec. (a)(5), (9), is Pub. L. 100–12, Mar. 17, 1987, 101 Stat. 103. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title of 1987 Amendment note set out under section 6201 of this title and Tables.

The Energy Policy Act of 1992, referred to in subsec. (a)(5), (6), is Pub. L. 102–486, Oct. 24, 1992, 106 Stat. 2776. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 13201 of this title and Tables.

The Energy Policy Act of 2005, referred to in subsec. (a)(9), is Pub. L. 109–58, Aug. 8, 2005, 119 Stat. 594. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 15801 of this title and Tables.

The National Appliance Energy Conservation Amendments of 1988, referred to in subsec. (a)(6), is Pub. L. 100–357, June 28, 1988, 102 Stat. 671. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title of 1988 Amendments note set out under section 6201 of this title and Tables.

Section 6313(c)(4) and (c)(5) of this title, referred to in subsec. (e)(3)(A), (4)(A), were redesignated section 6313(c)(5) and (c)(6) of this title, respectively, by Pub. L. 112–210, § 4(2), Dec. 18, 2012, 126 Stat. 1517.

### Amendments

2012—Pub. L. 112–210, § 10(a)(5)(B), made technical amendment to references in original act which appear in subsecs. (b)(1), (d)(1), (e)(1)(A), (2)(A), (3)(A), (f)(1)(A)(i), (2)(A)(i), and (h)(1)(A)(i) as references to part A.

Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 112–210, § 10(a)(5)(A), substituted “subparagraphs (B), (C), (D), (I), (J), and (K)” for “subparagraphs (B) through (G)” in introductory provisions.

Subsec. (a)(10). Pub. L. 112–210, § 10(a)(5)(C), added par. (10).

Subsec. (b)(1). Pub. L. 112–210, § 10(a)(5)(A), (D), substituted “section 6295(p)(4)” for “section 6295(p)(5)” and “subparagraphs (B), (C), (D), (I), (J), and (K)” for “subparagraphs (B) through (G)”.

Subsec. (h)(3). Pub. L. 112–210, § 10(a)(5)(E), substituted “section 6313(f)(4)” for “section 6313(f)(3)”.

2007—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 110–140, § 312(e)(1), substituted “subparagraphs (B) through (G)” for “subparagraphs (B), (C), (D), (E), and (F)” in introductory provisions.

Subsec. (b)(1). Pub. L. 110–140, §§ 308(b), 312(e)(1), inserted “section 6295(p)(5) of this title,” after “The provisions of” and substituted “subparagraphs (B) through (G)” for “subparagraphs (B), (C), (D), (E), and (F)”.

Subsec. (h). Pub. L. 110–140, § 312(e)(2), added subsec. (h).

2005—Subsec. (a)(9). Pub. L. 109–58, § 136(h)(1), added par. (9).

Subsec. (b)(1). Pub. L. 109–58, § 136(h)(2), substituted “part A” for “part B”, which for purposes of codification had been translated as “part A” thus requiring no change in text.

Subsecs. (d) to (g). Pub. L. 109–58, § 136(h)(3), added subsecs. (d) to (g).

1998—Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 105–388 inserted “standard” after “meets the applicable”.

1992—Pub. L. 102–486, § 122(e)(3), substituted “enforcement, and preemption” for “and enforcement” in section catchline.

Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 102–486, § 122(e)(1)(A), inserted “(other than the equipment specified in subparagraphs (B), (C), (D), (E), and (F) of section 6311(l) of this title)” after “to this part” and substituted “, the provisions of subsections (l) through (s) of section 6295 of this title, and section 6297” for “and sections 6298”.

Subsec. (a)(1). Pub. L. 102–486, § 122(e)(1)(B), substituted “, 6294, and 6295 of this title” for “and 6294 of this title” and “6314, 6315, and 6313 of this title, respectively” for “6314 and 6315 of this title, respectively”.

Subsec. (a)(5) to (8). Pub. L. 102–486, § 122(e)(1)(C)–(E), added pars. (5) to (8).

Subsecs. (b), (c). Pub. L. 102–486, § 122(e)(2), added subsecs. (b) and (c).

### Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

### Effective Date of 2012 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 112–210 effective as if included in the Energy Independence and Security Act of 2007, Pub. L. 110–140, see section 10(a)(13) of Pub. L. 112–210, set out as a note under section 6291 of this title.

### Effective Date of 2007 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 110–140 effective on the date that is 1 day after Dec. 19, 2007, see section 1601 of Pub. L. 110–140, set out as an Effective Date note under section 1824 of Title 2, The Congress.