---
kind: "section"
citation: "42 U.S.C. § 629e"
title: "42"
title_heading: "The Public Health and Welfare"
number: "629e"
heading: "Evaluations; research; technical assistance"
release: "119-102"
date: "2026-07-12"
url: "https://uscodex.org/usc/42/629e"
units:
  - "Chapter 7 — Social Security"
  - "Subchapter IV — Grants to States for Aid and Services to Needy Families with Children and for Child-Welfare Services"
  - "Part B — Child and Family Services"
  - "Subpart 2 — promoting safe and stable families"
---

# §629e. Evaluations; research; technical assistance

- (a) **Evaluations—**
  - (1) **In general—** The [Secretary](/usc/42/1301.md?p=a-6) shall evaluate and report to the Congress biennially on the effectiveness of the programs carried out pursuant to this subpart in accomplishing the purposes of this subpart, and may evaluate any other Federal, [State](/usc/42/619.md?p=5), or local program, regardless of whether federally assisted, that is designed to achieve the same purposes as the program under this subpart, in accordance with criteria established in accordance with [paragraph (2)](#a-2).
  - (2) **Criteria to be used—** In developing the criteria to be used in evaluations under [paragraph (1)](#a-1), the [Secretary](/usc/42/1301.md?p=a-6) shall consult with appropriate parties, such as—
    - (A) [State agencies](/usc/42/629a.md?p=a-3) administering programs under this part and part E;
    - (B) [persons](/usc/42/1301.md?p=a-3) administering [child](/usc/42/1382c.md?p=c) and family services programs ([including](/usc/42/1301.md?p=b) family preservation and family support programs) for private, [nonprofit](/usc/42/300s–3.md?p=3) organizations with an interest in [child](/usc/42/1382c.md?p=c) welfare [including](/usc/42/1301.md?p=b) community-based partners with expertise in preventing unnecessary [child](/usc/42/1382c.md?p=c) welfare system involvement; and
    - (C) other [persons](/usc/42/1301.md?p=a-3) with recognized expertise in the evaluation of [child](/usc/42/1382c.md?p=c) and family services programs ([including](/usc/42/1301.md?p=b) family preservation and family support programs) or other related programs.
  - (3) **Timing of report—** Beginning in 2003, the [Secretary](/usc/42/1301.md?p=a-6) shall submit the biennial report required by this subsection not later than April 1 of every other year, and shall include in each such report the funding level, the status of ongoing evaluations, findings to date, and the nature of any technical assistance provided to [States](/usc/42/619.md?p=5) under [subsection (d)](#d).
- (b) **Coordination of evaluations—** The [Secretary](/usc/42/1301.md?p=a-6) shall develop procedures to coordinate evaluations under this section, to the extent feasible, with evaluations by the [States](/usc/42/619.md?p=5) of the effectiveness of programs under this subpart.
- (c) **Evaluation, research, and technical assistance with respect to targeted program resources—** Of the amount reserved under [section 629g(b)(1) of this title](/usc/42/629g.md?p=b-1) for a [fiscal year](/usc/42/619.md?p=3), the [Secretary](/usc/42/1301.md?p=a-6) shall use not less than—
  - (1) $1,000,000 for technical assistance to grantees under [section 629g(f) of this title](/usc/42/629g.md?p=f) and to support design of local site evaluations with the goal of publishing and submitting evaluation findings to the clearinghouse established under [section 676(d) of this title](/usc/42/676.md?p=d), or to award [grants](/usc/42/1397j.md?p=10) to allow current or former grantees under [section 629g(f) of this title](/usc/42/629g.md?p=f) to analyze, publish, and submit to the clearinghouse data collected during past [grants](/usc/42/1397j.md?p=10); and
  - (2) $1,000,000 for technical assistance required under [section 628d of this title](/usc/42/628d.md) to support effective implementation of the [Indian](/usc/42/619.md?p=4-A) [Child](/usc/42/1382c.md?p=c) Welfare Act of 1978 [[25 U.S.C. 1901](/usc/25/1901.md) et seq.] and to support development of associated [State](/usc/42/619.md?p=5) plan measures described pursuant to [section 622(b)(9) of this title](/usc/42/622.md?p=b-9).
- (d) **Technical assistance—** To the extent funds are available therefor, the [Secretary](/usc/42/1301.md?p=a-6) shall provide technical assistance that helps [States](/usc/42/619.md?p=5) and [Indian tribes](/usc/42/619.md?p=4-A) or tribal consortia to—
  - (1) develop research-based protocols for identifying families at risk of [abuse](/usc/42/1397j.md?p=1) and [neglect](/usc/42/1397j.md?p=16) of use in the field;
  - (2) develop [treatment](/usc/42/11851.md?p=11) models that address the needs of families at risk, particularly families with substance [abuse](/usc/42/1397j.md?p=1) issues;
  - (3) implement programs with well-articulated theories of how the [intervention](/usc/42/1397n–12.md?p=2) will result in desired changes among families at risk;
  - (4) establish mechanisms to ensure that service provision matches the [treatment](/usc/42/11851.md?p=11) model;
  - (5) establish mechanisms to ensure that postadoption services meet the needs of the individual families and develop models to reduce the disruption rates of adoption; and
  - (6) use [grants](/usc/42/1397j.md?p=10) under [section 629g(f) of this title](/usc/42/629g.md?p=f) in coordination with other Federal funds to better serve families in the [child](/usc/42/1382c.md?p=c) welfare system that are affected by a substance use disorder.
- (e) **Family recovery and reunification program replication project—**
  - (1) **Purpose—** The purpose of this subsection is to provide resources to the [Secretary](/usc/42/1301.md?p=a-6) to support the conduct and evaluation of a family recovery and reunification program replication [project](/usc/42/13641.md?p=2) (referred to in this subsection as the “[project](/usc/42/13641.md?p=2)”) and to determine the extent to which such programs may be appropriate for use at different [intervention](/usc/42/1397n–12.md?p=2) points (such as when a [child](/usc/42/1382c.md?p=c) is at risk of entering foster care or when a [child](/usc/42/1382c.md?p=c) is living with a guardian while a parent is in [treatment](/usc/42/11851.md?p=11)). The family recovery and reunification program conducted under the [project](/usc/42/13641.md?p=2) shall use a recovery coach model that is designed to help reunify families and protect children by working with parents or guardians with a substance use disorder who have temporarily lost custody of their children.
  - (2) **Program components—** The family recovery and reunification program conducted under the [project](/usc/42/13641.md?p=2) shall adhere closely to the elements and protocol determined to be most effective in other recovery coaching programs that have been rigorously evaluated and shown to increase family reunification and protect children and, consistent with such elements and protocol, shall provide such items and services as—
    - (A) assessments to evaluate the needs of the parent or guardian;
    - (B) assistance in receiving the appropriate benefits to aid the parent or guardian in recovery;
    - (C) services to assist the parent or guardian in prioritizing issues identified in assessments, establishing goals for resolving such issues that are consistent with the goals of the [treatment](/usc/42/11851.md?p=11) provider, [child](/usc/42/1382c.md?p=c) welfare [agency](/usc/42/1397n–12.md?p=1), courts, and other [agencies](/usc/42/1397n–12.md?p=1) involved with the parent or guardian or their children, and making a coordinated plan for achieving such goals;
    - (D) home visiting services coordinated with the [child](/usc/42/1382c.md?p=c) welfare [agency](/usc/42/1397n–12.md?p=1) and [treatment](/usc/42/11851.md?p=11) provider involved with the parent or guardian or their children;
    - (E) [case management services](/usc/42/701.md?p=b-4) to remove barriers for the parent or guardian to participate and continue in [treatment](/usc/42/11851.md?p=11), as well as to re-engage a parent or guardian who is not participating or progressing in [treatment](/usc/42/11851.md?p=11);
    - (F) access to services needed to monitor the parent’s or guardian’s compliance with program requirements;
    - (G) frequent reporting between the [treatment](/usc/42/11851.md?p=11) provider, [child](/usc/42/1382c.md?p=c) welfare [agency](/usc/42/1397n–12.md?p=1), courts, and other [agencies](/usc/42/1397n–12.md?p=1) involved with the parent or guardian or their children to ensure appropriate information on the parent’s or guardian’s status is available to inform decision-making; and
    - (H) assessments and recommendations provided by a recovery coach to the [child](/usc/42/1382c.md?p=c) welfare caseworker responsible for documenting the parent’s or guardian’s progress in [treatment](/usc/42/11851.md?p=11) and recovery as well as the status of other areas identified in the [treatment](/usc/42/11851.md?p=11) plan for the parent or guardian, [including](/usc/42/1301.md?p=b) a recommendation regarding the expected safety of the [child](/usc/42/1382c.md?p=c) if the [child](/usc/42/1382c.md?p=c) is returned to the custody of the parent or guardian that can be used by the caseworker and a court to make permanency decisions regarding the [child](/usc/42/1382c.md?p=c).
  - (3) **Responsibilities of the Secretary—**
    - (A) **In general—** The [Secretary](/usc/42/1301.md?p=a-6) shall, through a [grant](/usc/42/1397j.md?p=10) or contract with 1 or more entities, conduct and evaluate the family recovery and reunification program under the [project](/usc/42/13641.md?p=2).
    - (B) **Requirements—** In identifying 1 or more entities to conduct the evaluation of the family recovery and reunification program, the [Secretary](/usc/42/1301.md?p=a-6) shall—
      - (i) determine that the area or areas in which the program will be conducted have sufficient substance use disorder [treatment](/usc/42/11851.md?p=11) providers and other resources (other than those provided with funds made available to carry out the [project](/usc/42/13641.md?p=2)) to successfully conduct the program;
      - (ii) determine that the area or areas in which the program will be conducted have enough potential program participants, and will serve a sufficient number of parents or guardians and their children, so as to allow for the formation of a control group, evaluation results to be adequately powered, and preliminary results of the evaluation to be available within 4 years of the program’s implementation;
      - (iii) provide the entity or entities with technical assistance for the program design, [including](/usc/42/1301.md?p=b) by working with 1 or more entities that are or have been involved in recovery coaching programs that have been rigorously evaluated and shown to increase family reunification and protect children so as to make sure the program conducted under the [project](/usc/42/13641.md?p=2) adheres closely to the elements and protocol determined to be most effective in such other recovery coaching programs;
      - (iv) assist the entity or entities in securing adequate coaching, [treatment](/usc/42/11851.md?p=11), [child](/usc/42/1382c.md?p=c) welfare, court, and other resources needed to successfully conduct the family recovery and reunification program under the [project](/usc/42/13641.md?p=2); and
      - (v) ensure the entity or entities will be able to monitor the impacts of the program in the area or areas in which it is conducted for at least 5 years after parents or guardians and their children are randomly assigned to participate in the program or to be part of the program’s control group.
  - (4) **Evaluation requirements—**
    - (A) **In general—** The [Secretary](/usc/42/1301.md?p=a-6), in consultation with the entity or entities conducting the family recovery and reunification program under the [project](/usc/42/13641.md?p=2), shall conduct an evaluation to determine whether the program has been implemented effectively and resulted in improvements for children and families. The evaluation shall have 3 components: a pilot phase, an impact study, and an implementation study.
    - (B) **Pilot phase—** The pilot phase component of the evaluation shall consist of the [Secretary](/usc/42/1301.md?p=a-6) providing technical assistance to the entity or entities conducting the family recovery and reunification program under the [project](/usc/42/13641.md?p=2) to ensure—
      - (i) the program’s implementation adheres closely to the elements and protocol determined to be most effective in other recovery coaching programs that have been rigorously evaluated and shown to increase family reunification and protect children; and
      - (ii) random assignment of parents or guardians and their children to be participants in the program or to be part of the program’s control group is being carried out.
    - (C) **Impact study—** The impact study component of the evaluation shall determine the impacts of the family recovery and reunification program conducted under the [project](/usc/42/13641.md?p=2) on the parents and guardians and their children participating in the program. The impact study component shall—
      - (i) be conducted using an experimental design that uses a random assignment research methodology;
      - (ii) consistent with previous studies of other recovery coaching programs that have been rigorously evaluated and shown to increase family reunification and protect children, measure outcomes for parents and guardians and their children over multiple time periods, [including](/usc/42/1301.md?p=b) for a period of 5 years; and
      - (iii) include measurements of family stability and parent, guardian, and [child](/usc/42/1382c.md?p=c) safety for program participants and the program control group that are consistent with measurements of such factors for participants and control groups from previous studies of other recovery coaching programs so as to allow results of the impact study to be compared with the results of such prior studies, [including](/usc/42/1301.md?p=b) with respect to comparisons between program participants and the program control group regarding—
        - (I) safe family reunification;
        - (II) time to reunification;
        - (III) permanency (such as through measures of reunification, adoption, or placement with guardians);
        - (IV) safety (such as through measures of subsequent maltreatment);
        - (V) parental or guardian [treatment](/usc/42/11851.md?p=11) persistence and engagement;
        - (VI) parental or guardian substance use;
        - (VII) juvenile delinquency;
        - (VIII) cost; and
        - (IX) other measurements agreed upon by the [Secretary](/usc/42/1301.md?p=a-6) and the entity or entities operating the family recovery and reunification program under the [project](/usc/42/13641.md?p=2).
    - (D) **Implementation study—** The implementation study component of the evaluation shall be conducted concurrently with the conduct of the impact study component and shall include, in addition to such other information as the [Secretary](/usc/42/1301.md?p=a-6) may determine, descriptions and analyses of—
      - (i) the adherence of the family recovery and reunification program conducted under the [project](/usc/42/13641.md?p=2) to other recovery coaching programs that have been rigorously evaluated and shown to increase family reunification and protect children; and
      - (ii) the difference in services received or proposed to be received by the program participants and the program control group.
    - (E) **Report—** The [Secretary](/usc/42/1301.md?p=a-6) shall publish on an internet website maintained by the [Secretary](/usc/42/1301.md?p=a-6) the following information:
      - (i) A report on the pilot phase component of the evaluation.
      - (ii) A report on the impact study component of the evaluation.
      - (iii) A report on the implementation study component of the evaluation.
      - (iv) A report that [includes](/usc/42/1301.md?p=b)—
        - (I) analyses of the extent to which the program has resulted in increased reunifications, increased permanency, case closures, net savings to the [State](/usc/42/619.md?p=5) or [States](/usc/42/619.md?p=5) involved (taking into account both costs borne by [States](/usc/42/619.md?p=5) and the Federal government), or other outcomes, or if the program did not produce such outcomes, an analysis of why the replication of the program did not yield such results;
        - (II) if, based on such analyses, the [Secretary](/usc/42/1301.md?p=a-6) determines the program should be replicated, a replication plan; and
        - (III) such recommendations for legislation and administrative action as the [Secretary](/usc/42/1301.md?p=a-6) determines appropriate.
  - (5) **Appropriation—** In addition to any amounts otherwise made available to carry out this subpart, out of any money in the Treasury of the [United States](/usc/42/1301.md?p=a-2) not otherwise appropriated, there are appropriated $15,000,000 for [fiscal year](/usc/42/619.md?p=3) 2019 to carry out the [project](/usc/42/13641.md?p=2), which shall remain available through [fiscal year](/usc/42/619.md?p=3) 2026.
- (f) **Prevention services evaluation partnerships—**
  - (1) **Purpose—** The purpose of this subsection is to authorize the [Secretary](/usc/42/1301.md?p=a-6) to make competitive [grants](/usc/42/1397j.md?p=10) to support the timely evaluation of—
    - (A) services and programs described in [section 671(e) of this title](/usc/42/671.md?p=e); or
    - (B) kinship navigator programs described in [section 674(a)(7) of this title](/usc/42/674.md?p=a-7).
  - (2) **Grants—** In accordance with applications approved under this subsection, the [Secretary](/usc/42/1301.md?p=a-6) may make [grants](/usc/42/1397j.md?p=10), on a competitive basis, to [eligible entities](/usc/42/1397j.md?p=7) to carry out [projects](/usc/42/13641.md?p=2) designed to evaluate a service or program provided by the [eligible entity](/usc/42/1397j.md?p=7), or an entity in partnership with the [eligible entity](/usc/42/1397j.md?p=7), with respect to the requirements for a promising practice, supported practice, or well-supported practice described in [section 671(e)(4)(C) of this title](/usc/42/671.md?p=e-4-C).
  - (3) **Applications—**
    - (A) **In general—** An [eligible entity](/usc/42/1397j.md?p=7) may apply to the [Secretary](/usc/42/1301.md?p=a-6) for a [grant](/usc/42/1397j.md?p=10) under this subsection to carry out a [project](/usc/42/13641.md?p=2) that meets the following requirements:
      - (i) The [project](/usc/42/13641.md?p=2) is designed in accordance with [paragraph (2)](#f-2).
      - (ii) The [project](/usc/42/13641.md?p=2) is to be carried out by the applicant in partnership with—
        - (I) a [State agency](/usc/42/629a.md?p=a-3) that administers, or supervises the [administration](/usc/42/1301.md?p=a-10) of, the [State](/usc/42/619.md?p=5) plan approved under part E, or an [agency](/usc/42/1397n–12.md?p=1) administering the plan under the supervision of the [State agency](/usc/42/629a.md?p=a-3); and
        - (II) if the applicant is unable or unwilling to do so, at least 1 external evaluator to carry out the evaluation of the service or program provided by the applicant.
    - (B) **Contents—** The application shall contain the following:
      - (i) A description of the [project](/usc/42/13641.md?p=2), [including](/usc/42/1301.md?p=b)—
        - (I) a statement explaining why a [grant](/usc/42/1397j.md?p=10) is necessary to carry out the [project](/usc/42/13641.md?p=2); and
        - (II) the amount of [grant](/usc/42/1397j.md?p=10) funds that would be disbursed to each entity described in [subparagraph (A)(ii)](#f-3-A-ii) in partnership with the applicant.
      - (ii) A certification from each entity described in [subparagraph (A)(ii)](#f-3-A-ii) that provides assurances that the individual or entity is in partnership with the applicant and will fulfill the responsibilities of the entity specified in the description provided pursuant to clause (i) of this subparagraph.
      - (iii) A certification from the applicant that provides assurances that the applicant intends to comply with [subparagraph (A)(ii)(II)](#f-3-A-ii-II), if applicable.
      - (iv) At the option of the [eligible entity](/usc/42/1397j.md?p=7), a certification from the applicant that the applicant requires an external evaluator secured by the [Secretary](/usc/42/1301.md?p=a-6) pursuant to [paragraph (5)](#f-5), if applicable.
  - (4) **Priorities—** In approving applications under this subsection, the [Secretary](/usc/42/1301.md?p=a-6) shall prioritize the following:
    - (A) Addressing, with respect to the clearinghouse of [practices](/usc/42/17061.md?p=19) described in [section 676(d)(2) of this title](/usc/42/676.md?p=d-2), deficiencies or gaps identified by the [Secretary](/usc/42/1301.md?p=a-6) in consultation with—
      - (i) [States](/usc/42/619.md?p=5), political subdivisions of a [State](/usc/42/619.md?p=5), and tribal communities carrying out, or receiving the benefits of, a service or program; and
      - (ii) [child](/usc/42/1382c.md?p=c) welfare experts, [including](/usc/42/1301.md?p=b) individuals with lived experience.
    - (B) Maximizing the number of evidence-based services or programs to be included in the clearinghouse of [practices](/usc/42/17061.md?p=19) described in [section 676(d)(2) of this title](/usc/42/676.md?p=d-2).
    - (C) Timely completion of evaluations and the production of evidence.
    - (D) Supporting services or programs that are based on, or are adaptations to new population settings of, a service or program with reliable evidence about the benefits and risks of the service or program.
  - (5) **Availability of external evaluators—**
    - (A) **In general—** Before accepting applications under this subsection, the [Secretary](/usc/42/1301.md?p=a-6) shall make reasonable efforts to identify at least 1 entity to serve as an external evaluator for any [eligible entity](/usc/42/1397j.md?p=7) that [includes](/usc/42/1301.md?p=b) a certification under [paragraph (3)(B)(iv)](#f-3-B-iv) with an application under this subsection.
    - (B) **No effect on consideration of application—** The [Secretary](/usc/42/1301.md?p=a-6) may not consider whether an [eligible entity](/usc/42/1397j.md?p=7) is in partnership with an external evaluator described in paragraph (A) in approving an application under this subsection submitted by the [eligible entity](/usc/42/1397j.md?p=7).
  - (6) **Reports—**
    - (A) **By grant recipients—** Within 1 year after receiving a [grant](/usc/42/1397j.md?p=10) under this subsection, and every year thereafter for the next 5 years, the [grant](/usc/42/1397j.md?p=10) recipient shall submit to the [Secretary](/usc/42/1301.md?p=a-6) a written report on—
      - (i) the use of [grant](/usc/42/1397j.md?p=10) funds;
      - (ii) whether the program or service evaluated by the [project](/usc/42/13641.md?p=2) meets a requirement specified in [section 671(e)(4)(C) of this title](/usc/42/671.md?p=e-4-C), [including](/usc/42/1301.md?p=b) information about—
        - (I) how the program or service is being carried out in accordance with [standards](/usc/42/1320d.md?p=7) specified in the requirement;
        - (II) any outcomes of the program or service; and
        - (III) any outcome with respect to which the service or program compares favorably to a comparison practice; and
      - (iii) whether the [Secretary](/usc/42/1301.md?p=a-6) has included the program or service in an update to the clearinghouse of [practices](/usc/42/17061.md?p=19) described in [section 676(d)(2) of this title](/usc/42/676.md?p=d-2).
    - (B) **By the Secretary—** The [Secretary](/usc/42/1301.md?p=a-6) shall submit to the Committee on Ways and Means of the House of Representatives and to the Committee on Finance of the Senate an annual written report on—
      - (i) the [grants](/usc/42/1397j.md?p=10) awarded under this subsection;
      - (ii) the programs funded by the [grants](/usc/42/1397j.md?p=10);
      - (iii) any technical assistance provided by the [Secretary](/usc/42/1301.md?p=a-6) in carrying out this subsection, [including](/usc/42/1301.md?p=b) with respect to the efforts to secure external evaluators pursuant to [paragraph (5)](#f-5); and
      - (iv) any efforts by the [Secretary](/usc/42/1301.md?p=a-6) to support program evaluation and review pursuant to [section 671(e) of this title](/usc/42/671.md?p=e) and inclusion of programs in the pre-approved list of services and programs described in [section 671(e)(4)(D) of this title](/usc/42/671.md?p=e-4-D) or the clearinghouse of [practices](/usc/42/17061.md?p=19) described in [section 676(d)(2) of this title](/usc/42/676.md?p=d-2).
  - (7) **Funding—**
    - (A) **Limitations—** Of the amounts available to carry out this subsection, the [Secretary](/usc/42/1301.md?p=a-6) may use not more than 5 percent to provide technical assistance.
    - (B) **Carryover—** Amounts made available to carry out this subsection shall remain available until expended.
  - (8) **Definitions—** In this subsection:
    - (A) **Eligible entity—** The term “[eligible entity](/usc/42/1397j.md?p=7)” means any of the following providing a service or program or, in the sole determination of the [Secretary](/usc/42/1301.md?p=a-6), able to provide a service or program if awarded a [grant](/usc/42/1397j.md?p=10) under this subsection:
      - (i) A [State](/usc/42/619.md?p=5), a political subdivision of a [State](/usc/42/619.md?p=5), or an [agency](/usc/42/1397n–12.md?p=1) or department of a [State](/usc/42/619.md?p=5) or political subdivision of a [State](/usc/42/619.md?p=5).
      - (ii) An entity described in subparagraph (A) or (B) of [section 626(a)(1) of this title](/usc/42/626.md?p=a-1).
      - (iii) An [Indian tribe](/usc/42/619.md?p=4-A) or [tribal organization](/usc/42/619.md?p=4-A).
    - (B) **External evaluator—** The term “external evaluator” means an entity with the ability and willingness to evaluate a service or program pursuant to [paragraph (2)](#f-2) that is not provided by the entity.
    - (C) **Service or program—** The term “service or program”—
      - (i) means a service or program described in [section 671(e) of this title](/usc/42/671.md?p=e); and
      - (ii) [includes](/usc/42/1301.md?p=b) a kinship navigator program described in [section 674(a)(7) of this title](/usc/42/674.md?p=a-7).

## Source credit

(Aug. 14, 1935, ch. 531, title IV, § 435, as added Pub. L. 103–66, title XIII, § 13711(a)(2), Aug. 10, 1993, 107 Stat. 654; amended Pub. L. 107–133, title I, § 105, Jan. 17, 2002, 115 Stat. 2415; Pub. L. 109–288, §§ 4(c), 5(b)(3)(C), Sept. 28, 2006, 120 Stat. 1242, 1243; Pub. L. 115–271, title VIII, § 8082(a), Oct. 24, 2018, 132 Stat. 4098; Pub. L. 118–258, title I, §§ 105(e), 106(g), 108(a), 115(a), Jan. 4, 2025, 138 Stat. 2950, 2953, 2956, 2968.)

## Notes

### Editorial Notes

### References in Text

The Indian Child Welfare Act of 1978, referred to in subsec. (c)(2), is Pub. L. 95–608, Nov. 8, 1978, 92 Stat. 3069, which is classified generally to chapter 21 (§ 1901 et seq.) of Title 25, Indians. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 1901 of Title 25 and Tables.

### Prior Provisions

A prior section 435 of act Aug. 14, 1935, was classified to section 635 of this title prior to repeal by Pub. L. 100–485.

### Amendments

2025—Subsec. (a)(2)(B). Pub. L. 118–258, § 106(g), inserted before semicolon “including community-based partners with expertise in preventing unnecessary child welfare system involvement”.

Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 118–258, § 115(a), amended subsec. (c) generally. Prior to amendment, subsec. (c) related to evaluation, research, and technical assistance with respect to targeted program resources.

Subsec. (d)(6). Pub. L. 118–258, § 105(e), added par. (6).

Subsec. (f). Pub. L. 118–258, § 108(a), added subsec. (f).

2018—Subsec. (e). Pub. L. 115–271 added subsec. (e).

2006—Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 109–288, § 4(c), amended heading and text of subsec. (c) generally. Prior to amendment, subsec. (c) related to topics for research and evaluation.

Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 109–288, § 5(b)(3)(C), inserted “or tribal consortia” after “Indian tribes” in introductory provisions.

2002—Pub. L. 107–133, § 105(1), substituted “Evaluations; research; technical assistance” for “Evaluations” in section catchline.

Subsec. (a)(1). Pub. L. 107–133, § 105(1), substituted “The Secretary shall evaluate and report to the Congress biennially on” for “The Secretary shall evaluate”.

Subsec. (a)(3). Pub. L. 107–133, § 105(2), added par. (3).

Subsecs. (c), (d). Pub. L. 107–133, § 105(3), added subsecs. (c) and (d).

### Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

### Effective Date of 2025 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 118–258 effective Oct. 1, 2025, and applicable to payments under this part for calendar quarters beginning on or after such date, with delay permitted if either State legislation or tribal action is required to meet additional requirements, see section 117 of Pub. L. 118–258, set out as a note under section 622 of this title.

### Effective Date of 2006 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 109–288 effective Oct. 1, 2006, and applicable to payments under this part and part E of this subchapter for calendar quarters beginning on or after such date, without regard to whether implementing regulations have been promulgated, and with delay permitted if State legislation is required to meet additional requirements, see section 12(a), (b) of Pub. L. 109–288, set out as a note under section 621 of this title.

### Effective Date of 2002 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 107–133 effective Jan. 17, 2002, with delay permitted if State legislation is required, see section 301 of Pub. L. 107–133, set out as a note under section 629 of this title.