---
kind: "section"
citation: "42 U.S.C. § 254e"
title: "42"
title_heading: "The Public Health and Welfare"
number: "254e"
heading: "Health professional shortage areas"
release: "119-102"
date: "2026-07-12"
url: "https://uscodex.org/usc/42/254e"
units:
  - "Chapter 6A — Public Health Service"
  - "Subchapter II — General Powers and Duties"
  - "Part D — Primary Health Care"
  - "Subpart ii — national health service corps program"
---

# §254e. Health professional shortage areas

- (a) **Designation by Secretary; removal from areas designated; “medical facility” defined—**
  - (1) For purposes of this subpart the term “health professional shortage area” means (A) an area in an urban or rural area (which need not conform to the geographic boundaries of a political subdivision and which is a rational area for the delivery of health [services](/usc/42/201.md?p=a)) which the [Secretary](/usc/42/201.md?p=c) determines has a health manpower shortage and which is not reasonably accessible to an adequately served area, (B) a population group which the [Secretary](/usc/42/201.md?p=c) determines has such a shortage, or (C) a public or [nonprofit](/usc/42/300s–3.md?p=3) private [medical facility](/usc/42/300s–3.md?p=11) or other public facility which the [Secretary](/usc/42/201.md?p=c) determines has such a shortage. All Federally qualified health centers and rural health clinics, as defined in section 1861(aa) of the Social Security Act ([42 U.S.C. 1395x(aa)](/usc/42/1395x.md?p=aa)), that meet the requirements of [section 254g of this title](/usc/42/254g.md) shall be automatically designated as having such a shortage. The [Secretary](/usc/42/201.md?p=c) shall not remove an area from the areas determined to be health professional shortage areas under subparagraph (A) of the preceding sentence until the [Secretary](/usc/42/201.md?p=c) has afforded interested persons and groups in such area an opportunity to provide data and information in support of the designation as a health professional shortage area or a population group described in subparagraph (B) of such sentence or a facility described in subparagraph (C) of such sentence, and has made a determination on the basis of the data and information submitted by such persons and groups and other data and information available to the [Secretary](/usc/42/201.md?p=c).
  - (2) For purposes of this subsection, the term “[medical facility](/usc/42/300s–3.md?p=11)” means a facility for the delivery of health [services](/usc/42/201.md?p=a) and includes—
    - (A) a [hospital](/usc/42/300s–3.md?p=1), [State](/usc/42/201.md?p=f) mental [hospital](/usc/42/300s–3.md?p=1), [public health center](/usc/42/300s–3.md?p=2), [outpatient medical facility](/usc/42/300s–3.md?p=4), [rehabilitation facility](/usc/42/300s–3.md?p=5), [facility for long-term care](/usc/42/300s–3.md?p=6), community mental health center, migrant health center, facility operated by a city or county health department, and community health center;
    - (B) such a facility of a [State](/usc/42/201.md?p=f) correctional institution or of the Indian Health [Service](/usc/42/201.md?p=a), and a health [program](/usc/42/274l–1.md?p=4) or facility operated by a tribe or tribal organization under the Indian Self-Determination Act [[25 U.S.C. 5321](/usc/25/5321.md) et seq.];
    - (C) such a facility used in connection with the delivery of health [services](/usc/42/201.md?p=a) under [section 248 of this title](/usc/42/248.md) (relating to [hospitals](/usc/42/300s–3.md?p=1)), [249](/usc/42/249.md) of this title (relating to care and [treatment](/usc/42/11851.md?p=11) of persons under quarantine and others), [250](/usc/42/250.md) of this title (relating to care and [treatment](/usc/42/11851.md?p=11) of Federal prisoners), [251](/usc/42/251.md) of this title (relating to examination and [treatment](/usc/42/11851.md?p=11) of certain Federal [employees](/usc/42/300gg–91.md?p=d-5)), [252](/usc/42/252.md) of this title (relating to examination of aliens), [253](/usc/42/253.md) of this title (relating to [services](/usc/42/201.md?p=a) to certain Federal [employees](/usc/42/300gg–91.md?p=d-5)), [247e](/usc/42/247e.md) of this title (relating to [services](/usc/42/201.md?p=a) for persons with Hansen’s disease), or [254b(h)](/usc/42/254b.md?p=h) of this title (relating to the provision of health [services](/usc/42/201.md?p=a) to [homeless individuals](/usc/42/290cc–34.md?p=2)); and
    - (D) a Federal [medical facility](/usc/42/300s–3.md?p=11).
  - (3) [Homeless individuals](/usc/42/290cc–34.md?p=2) (as defined in [section 254b(h)(5) of this title](/usc/42/254b.md?p=h-5)), seasonal agricultural workers (as defined in [section 254b(g)(3) of this title](/usc/42/254b.md?p=g-3)) and migratory agricultural workers (as so defined)), and residents of public housing (as defined in [section 1437a(b)(1) of this title](/usc/42/1437a.md?p=b-1)) may be population groups under [paragraph (1)](#a-1).
- (b) **Criteria for designation of health professional shortage areas; promulgation of regulations—** The [Secretary](/usc/42/201.md?p=c) shall establish by regulation criteria for the designation of areas, population groups, [medical facilities](/usc/42/300s–3.md?p=11), and other public facilities, in the [States](/usc/42/201.md?p=f), as health professional shortage areas. In establishing such criteria, the [Secretary](/usc/42/201.md?p=c) shall take into consideration the following:
  - (1) The ratio of available health manpower to the number of individuals in an area or population group, or served by a [medical facility](/usc/42/300s–3.md?p=11) or other public facility under consideration for designation.
  - (2) Indicators of a need, notwithstanding the supply of health manpower, for health [services](/usc/42/201.md?p=a) for the individuals in an area or population group or served by a [medical facility](/usc/42/300s–3.md?p=11) or other public facility under consideration for designation.
  - (3) The percentage of physicians serving an area, population group, [medical facility](/usc/42/300s–3.md?p=11), or other public facility under consideration for designation who are employed by [hospitals](/usc/42/300s–3.md?p=1) and who are graduates of foreign medical [schools](/usc/42/300j–21.md?p=6).
- (c) **Considerations in determination of designation—** In determining whether to make a designation, the [Secretary](/usc/42/201.md?p=c) shall take into consideration the following:
  - (1) The recommendations of the Governor of each [State](/usc/42/201.md?p=f) in which the area, population group, [medical facility](/usc/42/300s–3.md?p=11), or other public facility under consideration for designation is in whole or part located.
  - (2) The extent to which individuals who are (A) residents of the area, members of the population group, or patients in the [medical facility](/usc/42/300s–3.md?p=11) or other public facility under consideration for designation, and (B) entitled to have payment made for medical [services](/usc/42/201.md?p=a) under title XVIII, XIX, or XXI of the Social Security Act [[42 U.S.C. 1395](/usc/42/1395.md) et seq., 1396 et seq., 1397aa et seq.], cannot obtain such [services](/usc/42/201.md?p=a) because of suspension of physicians from the [programs](/usc/42/274l–1.md?p=4) under such titles.
- (d) **Designation; publication of descriptive lists—**
  - (1) In accordance with the criteria established under [subsection (b)](#b) and the considerations listed in [subsection (c)](#c), the [Secretary](/usc/42/201.md?p=c) shall designate health professional shortage areas in the [States](/usc/42/201.md?p=f), publish a descriptive list of the areas, population groups, [medical facilities](/usc/42/300s–3.md?p=11), and other public facilities so designated, and at least annually review and, as necessary, revise such designations.
  - (2) For purposes of [paragraph (1)](#d-1), a complete descriptive list shall be published in the Federal Register not later than July 1 of 1991 and each subsequent year.
- (e) **Notice of proposed designation of areas and facilities; time for comment—**
  - (1) Prior to the designation of a public facility, including a Federal [medical facility](/usc/42/300s–3.md?p=11), as a health professional shortage area, the [Secretary](/usc/42/201.md?p=c) shall give written notice of such proposed designation to the chief administrative officer of such facility and request comments within 30 days with respect to such designation.
  - (2) Prior to the designation of a health professional shortage area under this section, the [Secretary](/usc/42/201.md?p=c) shall, to the extent practicable, give written notice of the proposed designation of such area to appropriate public or private [nonprofit](/usc/42/300s–3.md?p=3) entities which are located or have a demonstrated interest in such area and request comments from such entities with respect to the proposed designation of such area.
- (f) **Notice of designation—** The [Secretary](/usc/42/201.md?p=c) shall give written notice of the designation of a health professional shortage area, not later than 60 days from the date of such designation, to—
  - (1) the Governor of each [State](/usc/42/201.md?p=f) in which the area, population group, [medical facility](/usc/42/300s–3.md?p=11), or other public facility so designated is in whole or part located; and
  - (2) appropriate public or [nonprofit](/usc/42/300s–3.md?p=3) private entities which are located or which have a demonstrated interest in the area so designated.
- (g) **Recommendations to Secretary—** Any person may recommend to the [Secretary](/usc/42/201.md?p=c) the designation of an area, population group, [medical facility](/usc/42/300s–3.md?p=11), or other public facility as a health professional shortage area.
- (h) **Public information programs in designated areas—** The [Secretary](/usc/42/201.md?p=c) may conduct such information [programs](/usc/42/274l–1.md?p=4) in areas, among population groups, and in [medical facilities](/usc/42/300s–3.md?p=11) and other public facilities designated under this section as health professional shortage areas as may be necessary to inform public and [nonprofit](/usc/42/300s–3.md?p=3) private entities which are located or have a demonstrated interest in such areas of the assistance available under this subchapter by virtue of the designation of such areas.
- (i) **Dissemination—** The [Administrator](/usc/42/4005.md?p=1) of the Health Resources and [Services](/usc/42/201.md?p=a) Administration shall disseminate information concerning the designation criteria described in [subsection (b)](#b) to—
  - (1) the Governor of each [State](/usc/42/201.md?p=f);
  - (2) the representative of any area, population group, or facility selected by any such Governor to receive such information;
  - (3) the representative of any area, population group, or facility that requests such information; and
  - (4) the representative of any area, population group, or facility determined by the [Administrator](/usc/42/4005.md?p=1) to be likely to meet the criteria described in [subsection (b)](#b).
- (j) **Regulations and report—**
  - (1) The [Secretary](/usc/42/201.md?p=c) shall submit the report described in [paragraph (2)](#j-2) if the [Secretary](/usc/42/201.md?p=c), acting through the [Administrator](/usc/42/4005.md?p=1) of the Health Resources and [Services](/usc/42/201.md?p=a) Administration, issues—
    - (A) a regulation that revises the definition of a health professional shortage area for purposes of this section; or
    - (B) a regulation that revises the standards concerning priority of such an area under [section 254f–1 of this title](/usc/42/254f–1.md).
  - (2) On issuing a regulation described in [paragraph (1)](#j-1), the [Secretary](/usc/42/201.md?p=c) shall prepare and submit to the Committee on Energy and Commerce of the House of Representatives and the Committee on Health, Education, Labor, and Pensions of the Senate a report that describes the regulation.
  - (3) Each regulation described in [paragraph (1)](#j-1) shall take effect 180 days after the committees described in [paragraph (2)](#j-2) receive a report referred to in such paragraph describing the regulation.
- (k) **Maternity care health professional target areas—**
  - (1) The [Secretary](/usc/42/201.md?p=c), acting through the [Administrator](/usc/42/4005.md?p=1) of the Health Resources and [Services](/usc/42/201.md?p=a) Administration, shall identify, based on the data collected under [paragraph (3)](#k-3), maternity care health professional target areas that satisfy the criteria described in [paragraph (2)](#k-2) for purposes of, in connection with receipt of assistance under this subchapter, assigning to such identified areas maternity care health professionals who, without application of this subsection, would otherwise be eligible for such assistance. The [Secretary](/usc/42/201.md?p=c) shall distribute maternity care health professionals within health professional shortage areas using the maternity care health professional target areas so identified.
  - (2) For purposes of [paragraph (1)](#k-1), the [Secretary](/usc/42/201.md?p=c) shall establish criteria for maternity care health professional target areas that identify geographic areas within health professional shortage areas that have a shortage of maternity care health professionals.
  - (3) For purposes of this subsection, the [Secretary](/usc/42/201.md?p=c) shall collect and publish in the Federal Register data comparing the availability and need of maternity care health [services](/usc/42/201.md?p=a) in health professional shortage areas and in areas within such health professional shortage areas.
  - (4) In carrying out [paragraph (1)](#k-1), the [Secretary](/usc/42/201.md?p=c) shall seek input from relevant [provider](/usc/42/299b–21.md?p=8) organizations, including medical societies, organizations representing [medical facilities](/usc/42/300s–3.md?p=11), and other organizations with expertise in maternity care.
  - (5) For purposes of this subsection, the term ‘full scope maternity care health [services](/usc/42/201.md?p=a)’ includes during labor care, birthing, prenatal care, and postpartum care.
  - (6) Nothing in this subsection shall be construed as—
    - (A) requiring the identification of a maternity care health professional target area in an area not otherwise already designated as a health professional shortage area; or
    - (B) affecting the types of health professionals, without application of this subsection, otherwise eligible for assistance, including a loan repayment or scholarship, pursuant to the application of this section.

## Source credit

(July 1, 1944, ch. 373, title III, § 332, as added Pub. L. 94–484, title IV, § 407(b)(3), Oct. 12, 1976, 90 Stat. 2270; amended Pub. L. 95–142, § 7(d), Oct. 25, 1977, 91 Stat. 1193; Pub. L. 96–32, § 7(d), July 10, 1979, 93 Stat. 84; Pub. L. 97–35, title IX, § 986(b)(4), title XXVII, § 2702(a), (b), (c), Aug. 13, 1981, 95 Stat. 603, 903, 904; Pub. L. 100–77, title VI, § 602, July 22, 1987, 101 Stat. 515; Pub. L. 100–177, title III, § 302, Dec. 1, 1987, 101 Stat. 1003; Pub. L. 100–607, title VIII, § 802(b)(2), Nov. 4, 1988, 102 Stat. 3169; Pub. L. 100–628, title VI, § 602(b)(2), Nov. 7, 1988, 102 Stat. 3242; Pub. L. 101–597, title I, § 102, title IV, § 401(b)[(a)], Nov. 16, 1990, 104 Stat. 3014, 3035; Pub. L. 107–251, title III, § 302(a), (d)(2), title VI, § 601(a), Oct. 26, 2002, 116 Stat. 1643, 1645, 1664; Pub. L. 108–163, § 2(f)(1), Dec. 6, 2003, 117 Stat. 2021; Pub. L. 110–355, § 3(b), Oct. 8, 2008, 122 Stat. 3993; Pub. L. 115–320, § 2, Dec. 17, 2018, 132 Stat. 4437.)

## Notes

### Editorial Notes

### References in Text

The Indian Self-Determination Act, referred to in subsec. (a)(2)(B), is title I of Pub. L. 93–638, Jan. 4, 1975, 88 Stat. 2206, which is classified principally to subchapter I (§ 5321 et seq.) of chapter 46 of Title 25, Indians. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 5301 of Title 25 and Tables.

The Social Security Act, referred to in subsec. (c)(2), is act Aug. 14, 1935, ch. 531, 49 Stat. 620. Titles XVIII, XIX, and XXI of the Act are classified generally to subchapters XVIII (§ 1395 et seq.), XIX (§ 1396 et seq.), and XXI (§ 1397aa et seq.), respectively, of chapter 7 of this title. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see section 1305 of this title and Tables.

### Prior Provisions

A prior section 332 of act July 1, 1944, was renumbered section 340, and was classified to section 256 of this title prior to repeal by Pub. L. 95–626.

### Amendments

2018—Subsec. (k). Pub. L. 115–320 added subsec. (k).

2008—Subsec. (a)(1). Pub. L. 110–355 struck out “Not earlier than 6 years after such date of designation, and every 6 years thereafter, each such center or clinic shall demonstrate that the center or clinic meets the applicable requirements of the Federal regulations regarding the definition of a health professional shortage area for purposes of this section.” before “The Secretary shall not”.

2003—Subsec. (a)(1). Pub. L. 108–163, § 2(f)(1)(A), substituted “such date of designation” for “such date of enactment” and “regarding” for “, issued after the date of enactment of this Act, that revise”.

Subsec. (a)(3). Pub. L. 108–163, § 2(f)(1)(B), substituted “254b(h)(5)” for “254b(h)(4)”.

Subsec. (b)(2). Pub. L. 108–163, § 2(f)(1)(C), struck out comma before period at end.

Subsec. (j). Pub. L. 108–163, § 2(f)(1)(D), added subsec. (j).

2002—Subsec. (a)(1). Pub. L. 107–251, § 302(a)(1)(A), inserted after first sentence “All Federally qualified health centers and rural health clinics, as defined in section 1861(aa) of the Social Security Act (42 U.S.C. 1395x(aa)), that meet the requirements of section 254g of this title shall be automatically designated as having such a shortage. Not earlier than 6 years after such date of enactment, and every 6 years thereafter, each such center or clinic shall demonstrate that the center or clinic meets the applicable requirements of the Federal regulations, issued after the date of enactment of this Act, that revise the definition of a health professional shortage area for purposes of this section.”

Subsec. (a)(2)(C). Pub. L. 107–251, § 601(a), substituted “254b(h)” for “256”.

Subsec. (a)(3). Pub. L. 107–251, § 302(a)(1)(B), substituted “254b(h)(4) of this title), seasonal agricultural workers (as defined in section 254b(g)(3) of this title) and migratory agricultural workers (as so defined)), and residents of public housing (as defined in section 1437a(b)(1) of this title) may be population groups” for “256(r) of this title) may be a population group”.

Subsec. (b)(2). Pub. L. 107–251, § 302(a)(2), struck out after “designation,” the following: “with special consideration to indicators of—

“(A) infant mortality,

“(B) access to health services,

“(C) health status, and

“(D) ability to pay for health services”.

Subsec. (c)(2)(B). Pub. L. 107–251, § 302(a)(3), substituted “XVIII, XIX, or XXI of the Social Security Act” for “XVIII or XIX of the Social Security Act”.

Subsec. (i). Pub. L. 107–251, § 302(d)(2), added subsec. (i).

1990—Subsec. (a)(1). Pub. L. 101–597, § 401(b)[(a)], substituted reference to health professional shortage area for reference to health manpower shortage area wherever appearing.

Subsec. (a)(2)(A). Pub. L. 101–597, § 102(b)(1), inserted “facility operated by a city or county health department,” before “and community health center”.

Subsec. (a)(2)(B). Pub. L. 101–597, § 102(b)(2), inserted before semicolon “, and a health program or facility operated by a tribe or tribal organization under the Indian Self-Determination Act”.

Subsec. (a)(2)(C). Pub. L. 101–597, § 102(b)(3), substituted “section” for “sections” before “248”, struck out “or” before “253” and “or section” before “247e”, and inserted before semicolon “, or 256 of this title (relating to the provision of health services to homeless individuals)”.

Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 101–597, § 401(b)[(a)], substituted reference to health professional shortage area for reference to health manpower shortage area.

Pub. L. 101–597, § 102(c)(1), struck out “, promulgated not later than May 1, 1977,” after “establish by regulation”.

Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 101–597, § 102(c)(2), redesignated pars. (2) and (3) as (1) and (2), respectively, and struck out former par. (1) which read as follows:

“(A) The recommendations of each health systems agency (designated under section 300l–4 of this title) for a health service area which includes all or any part of the area, population group, medical facility, or other public facility under consideration for designation.

“(B) The recommendations of the State health planning and development agency (designated under section 300m of this title) if such area, population group, medical facility, or other public facility is within a health service area for which no health systems agency has been designated.”

Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 101–597, § 401(b)[(a)], substituted reference to health professional shortage area for reference to health manpower shortage area in par. (1).

Pub. L. 101–597, § 102(a), (c)(3), designated existing provision as par. (1), struck out “, not later than November 1, 1977,” after “Secretary shall designate”, and added par. (2).

Subsec. (e). Pub. L. 101–597, § 401(b)[(a)], substituted reference to health professional shortage area for reference to health manpower shortage area wherever appearing.

Subsec. (f). Pub. L. 101–597, § 401(b)[(a)], substituted reference to health professional shortage area for reference to health manpower shortage area.

Pub. L. 101–597, § 102(c)(4), redesignated par. (3) as (2) and struck out former par. (2) which read as follows:

“(A) each health systems agency (designated under section 300l–4 of this title) for a health service area which includes all or any part of the area, population group, medical facility, or other public facility so designated; or

“(B) the State health planning and development agency of the State (designated under section 300m of this title) if there is a part of such area, population group, medical facility, or other public facility within a health service area for which no health systems agency has been designated; and”.

Subsecs. (g), (h). Pub. L. 101–597, § 401(b)[(a)], substituted reference to health professional shortage area for reference to health manpower shortage area.

1988—Subsec. (a)(3). Pub. L. 100–607 and Pub. L. 100–628 made identical amendments, substituting “section 256(r)” for “section 256(q)(2)”.

1987—Subsec. (a)(1). Pub. L. 100–177, § 302(1), inserted sentence at end relating to removal of an area from areas determined to be health manpower shortage areas.

Subsec. (a)(3). Pub. L. 100–77 added par. (3).

Subsec. (b)(2)(D). Pub. L. 100–177, § 302(2), added subpar. (D).

1981—Subsec. (a)(1)(A). Pub. L. 97–35, § 2702(a), inserted provisions respecting reasonable accessibility to adequately served area.

Subsec. (a)(2)(C). Pub. L. 97–35, § 986(b)(4), substituted “persons under quarantine” for “seamen”.

Subsec. (e). Pub. L. 97–35, § 2702(c), designated existing provisions as par. (1) and added par. (2).

Subsec. (h). Pub. L. 97–35, § 2702(b), substituted “may” for “shall”.

1979—Subsec. (a)(2)(C). Pub. L. 96–32 substituted “section 247e of this title” for “part D of subchapter II of this chapter”.

1977—Subsec. (c)(3). Pub. L. 95–142 added par. (3).

### Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

### Effective Date of 2003 Amendment

Amendments by Pub. L. 108–163 deemed to have taken effect immediately after the enactment of Pub. L. 107–251, see section 3 of Pub. L. 108–163, set out as a note under section 233 of this title.

### Effective Date of 1988 Amendments

Pub. L. 100–628, title VI, § 631, Nov. 7, 1988, 102 Stat. 3244, provided that: “The amendments made by subsection (a) of section 601 [amending section 256 of this title] shall take effect in accordance with subsection (b) of such section [formerly set out as a note under section 256 of this title]. The amendments otherwise made by this title [amending this section and sections 256, 290bb–2, 290cc–21, 290cc–28, 290cc–29, 290cc–35, 290cc–36, 290dd, 290ee, and 290ee–1 of this title and amending provisions set out as a note under section 290aa–3 of this title] shall take effect October 1, 1988, or upon the date of the enactment of this Act [Nov. 7, 1988], whichever occurs later.”

Pub. L. 100–607, title VIII, § 831, Nov. 4, 1988, 102 Stat. 3171, provided that: “The amendments made by subsection (a) of section 801 [amending section 256 of this title] shall take effect in accordance with subsection (b) of such section [formerly set out as a note under section 256 of this title]. The amendments otherwise made by this title [amending this section and sections 256, 290bb–2, 290cc–21, 290cc–28, 290cc–29, 290cc–35, 290cc–36, 290dd, 290ee, and 290ee–1 of this title and amending provisions set out as a note under section 290aa–3 of this title] shall take effect October 1, 1988, or upon the date of the enactment of this Act [Nov. 4, 1988], whichever occurs later.”

### Effective Date of 1981 Amendment

Amendment by section 986(b)(4) of Pub. L. 97–35 effective Oct. 1, 1981, see section 986(c) of Pub. L. 97–35, set out as a note under section 249 of this title.

### Effective Date of 1977 Amendment

Pub. L. 95–142, § 7(e)(1), Oct. 25, 1977, 91 Stat. 1194, provided that: “The amendment made by subsection (d) [amending this section] shall apply with respect to determinations and designations made on and after the date of the enactment of this Act [Oct. 25, 1977].”

### Regulations

Pub. L. 107–251, title III, § 302(b), Oct. 26, 2002, 116 Stat. 1644, which required the Secretary to submit a report to Congress, if the Secretary issued regulations revising the definition of a health professional shortage area under this section and standards concerning priority of such an area under section 254f–1 of this title, was repealed by Pub. L. 108–163, § 2(f)(2), Dec. 6, 2003, 117 Stat. 2022.

### Improvement of Site Designation Process

Pub. L. 107–251, title III, § 302(d)(1), Oct. 26, 2002, 116 Stat. 1644, provided that: “The Administrator of the Health Resources and Services Administration, in consultation with the Association of State and Territorial Dental Directors, dental societies, and other interested parties, shall revise the criteria on which the designations of dental health professional shortage areas are based so that such criteria provide a more accurate reflection of oral health care need, particularly in rural areas.”

### GAO Study

Pub. L. 107–251, title III, § 302(e), Oct. 26, 2002, 116 Stat. 1645, required the Comptroller General, no later than Feb. 1, 2005, to submit to Congress a report on the appropriateness of certain criteria established by the Secretary of Health and Human Services for the designation of health professional shortage areas and whether federally qualified health centers and rural health clinics should be deemed as such areas.

### Reference to Community, Migrant, Public Housing, or Homeless Health Center Considered Reference to Health Center

Reference to community health center, migrant health center, public housing health center, or homeless health center, considered reference to health center, see section 4(c) of Pub. L. 104–299, set out as a note under section 254b of this title.

### Evaluation of Criteria Used To Designate Health Manpower Shortage Areas; Report to Congress

Pub. L. 97–35, title XXVII, § 2702(c), Aug. 13, 1981, 95 Stat. 903, directed the Secretary of Health and Human Services, effective Oct. 1, 1981, to evaluate the criteria used under section 254e(b) of this title to determine if the use of the criteria resulted in areas which did not have a shortage of health professions personnel being designated as health manpower shortage areas, and to consider different criteria (including the actual use of health professions personnel in an area by the residents, taking into account their health status and indicators of unmet demand and likelihood that such demand would not be met in two years) which might be used to designate health manpower shortage areas. The Secretary was to report the results of his activities to Congress not later than Nov. 30, 1982.