---
kind: "section"
citation: "42 U.S.C. § 2000e–3"
title: "42"
title_heading: "The Public Health and Welfare"
number: "2000e–3"
heading: "Other unlawful employment practices"
release: "119-102"
date: "2026-07-12"
url: "https://uscodex.org/usc/42/2000e-3"
units:
  - "Chapter 21 — Civil Rights"
  - "Subchapter VI — Equal Employment Opportunities"
---

# §2000e–3. Other unlawful employment practices

- (a) **Discrimination for making charges, testifying, assisting, or participating in enforcement proceedings—** It shall be an unlawful employment practice for an [employer](/usc/42/2000e.md?p=b) to discriminate against any of his [employees](/usc/42/2000e.md?p=f) or applicants for employment, for an [employment agency](/usc/42/2000e.md?p=c), or joint labor-management committee controlling apprenticeship or other training or retraining, including on-the-job training programs, to discriminate against any individual, or for a [labor organization](/usc/42/2000e.md?p=d) to discriminate against any member thereof or applicant for membership, because he has opposed any practice made an unlawful employment practice by this subchapter, or because he has made a charge, testified, assisted, or participated in any manner in an investigation, proceeding, or hearing under this subchapter.
- (b) **Printing or publication of notices or advertisements indicating prohibited preference, limitation, specification, or discrimination; occupational qualification exception—** It shall be an unlawful employment practice for an [employer](/usc/42/2000e.md?p=b), [labor organization](/usc/42/2000e.md?p=d), [employment agency](/usc/42/2000e.md?p=c), or joint labor-management committee controlling apprenticeship or other training or retraining, including on-the-job training programs, to print or publish or cause to be printed or published any notice or advertisement relating to employment by such an [employer](/usc/42/2000e.md?p=b) or membership in or any classification or referral for employment by such a [labor organization](/usc/42/2000e.md?p=d), or relating to any classification or referral for employment by such an [employment agency](/usc/42/2000e.md?p=c), or relating to admission to, or employment in, any program established to provide apprenticeship or other training by such a joint labor-management committee, indicating any preference, limitation, specification, or discrimination, based on race, color, [religion](/usc/42/2000e.md?p=j), sex, or national origin, except that such a notice or advertisement may indicate a preference, limitation, specification, or discrimination based on [religion](/usc/42/2000e.md?p=j), sex, or national origin when [religion](/usc/42/2000e.md?p=j), sex, or national origin is a bona fide occupational qualification for employment.

## Source credit

(Pub. L. 88–352, title VII, § 704, July 2, 1964, 78 Stat. 257; Pub. L. 92–261, § 8(c), Mar. 24, 1972, 86 Stat. 109.)

## Notes

### Editorial Notes

### Amendments

1972—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 92–261, § 8(c)(1), inserted provision making it an unlawful employment practice for a joint labor-management committee controlling apprenticeship or other training or retraining, including on-the-job training programs, to discriminate against the specified individuals.

Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 92–261, § 8(c)(2), inserted provisions making prohibitions applicable to joint labor-management committees controlling apprenticeship or other training or retraining, including on-the-job training programs, and notices or advertisements of such joint labor-management committees relating to admission to, or employment in, any program established to provide apprenticeship or other training.