---
kind: "section"
citation: "42 U.S.C. § 17014"
title: "42"
title_heading: "The Public Health and Welfare"
number: "17014"
heading: "Research and development into integrating electric vehicles onto the electric grid"
release: "119-102"
date: "2026-07-12"
url: "https://uscodex.org/usc/42/17014"
units:
  - "Chapter 152 — Energy Independence and Security"
  - "Subchapter I — Improved Vehicle Technology"
---

# §17014. Research and development into integrating electric vehicles onto the electric grid

- (a) **In general—** The [Secretary](/usc/42/17001.md?p=3) shall establish a research, development, and demonstration [program](/usc/42/17151.md?p=5) to advance the integration of electric vehicles, including plug-in hybrid electric vehicles, onto the electric grid.
- (b) **Vehicles-to-grid integration assessment report—** Not later than 1 year after December 27, 2020, the [Secretary](/usc/42/17001.md?p=3) shall submit to the Committee on Science, Space, and Technology of the House of Representatives and the Committee on Energy and Natural Resources of the Senate a report on the results of a study that examines the research, development, and demonstration opportunities, challenges, and standards needed for integrating electric vehicles onto the electric grid.
  - (1) **Report requirements—** The report shall include—
    - (A) an evaluation of the use of electric vehicles to maintain the reliability of the electric grid, including—
      - (i) the use of electric vehicles for demand response, load shaping, emergency power, and frequency regulation; and
      - (ii) the potential for the reuse of spent electric vehicle batteries for stationary grid storage;
    - (B) the impact of grid integration on electric vehicles, including—
      - (i) the impact of bi-directional electricity flow on battery degradation; and
      - (ii) the implications of the use of electric vehicles for grid services on original equipment manufacturer warranties;
    - (C) the impacts to the electric grid of increased penetration of electric vehicles, including—
      - (i) the distribution grid infrastructure needed to support an increase in charging capacity;
      - (ii) strategies for integrating electric vehicles onto the distribution grid while limiting infrastructure upgrades;
      - (iii) the changes in electricity demand over a 24-hour cycle due to electric vehicle charging behavior;
      - (iv) the load increases expected from electrifying the transportation sector;
      - (v) the potential for [customer](/usc/42/7275.md?p=5) incentives and other managed charging stations strategies to shift charging off-peak;
      - (vi) the technology needed to achieve bi-directional power flow on the distribution grid; and
      - (vii) the implementation of smart charging techniques;
    - (D) research on the standards needed to integrate electric vehicles with the grid, including communications systems, protocols, and charging stations, in collaboration with the National Institute for Standards and Technology;
    - (E) the cybersecurity challenges and needs associated with electrifying the transportation sector; and
    - (F) an assessment of the feasibility of adopting technologies developed under the [program](/usc/42/17151.md?p=5) established under [subsection (a)](#a) at [Department](/usc/42/17001.md?p=1) facilities.
  - (2) **Recommendations—** As part of the Vehicles-to-Grid Integration Assessment Report, the [Secretary](/usc/42/17001.md?p=3) shall develop a 10-year roadmap to guide the research, development, and demonstration [program](/usc/42/17151.md?p=5) to integrate electric vehicles onto the electric grid.
  - (3) **Consultation—** In developing this report, the [Secretary](/usc/42/17001.md?p=3) shall consult with relevant stakeholders, including—
    - (A) electric vehicle manufacturers;
    - (B) electric utilities;
    - (C) public utility commissions;
    - (D) vehicle battery manufacturers;
    - (E) electric vehicle supply equipment manufacturers;
    - (F) charging infrastructure manufacturers;
    - (G) the [National Laboratories](/usc/42/17211.md?p=4); and
    - (H) other Federal [agencies](/usc/42/8262.md?p=1), as the [Secretary](/usc/42/17001.md?p=3) determines appropriate.
  - (4) **Updates—** The [Secretary](/usc/42/17001.md?p=3) shall update the report required under this section every 3 years for the duration of the [program](/usc/42/17151.md?p=5) under section[^1] (a) and shall submit the updated report to the Committee on Science, Space, and Technology of the House of Representatives and the Committee on Energy and Natural Resources of the Senate.
- (c) **Program implementation—** In carrying out the research, development, demonstration, and commercial application aims of section,[^2] the [Secretary](/usc/42/17001.md?p=3) shall—
  - (1) implement the recommendations set forth in the report in [subsection (b)](#b); and
  - (2) coordinate across all relevant [program](/usc/42/17151.md?p=5) offices at the [Department](/usc/42/17001.md?p=1) to achieve the goals established in this section, including the Office of Electricity.
- (d) **Testing capabilities—** The [Secretary](/usc/42/17001.md?p=3) shall coordinate with the [National Laboratories](/usc/42/17211.md?p=4) to develop testing capabilities for the evaluation, rapid prototyping, and optimization of technologies enabling integration of electric vehicles onto the electric grid.

## Footnotes

[^1]: So in original. Probably should be “subsection”.
[^2]: So in original. Probably should be “of this section,”.

## Source credit

(Pub. L. 110–140, title I, § 137, as added Pub. L. 116–260, div. Z, title VIII, § 8004(c), Dec. 27, 2020, 134 Stat. 2584.)