---
kind: "section"
citation: "38 U.S.C. § 1977"
title: "38"
title_heading: "Veterans’ Benefits"
number: "1977"
heading: "Veterans’ Group Life Insurance"
release: "119-102"
date: "2026-07-12"
url: "https://uscodex.org/usc/38/1977"
units:
  - "Part II — General Benefits"
  - "Chapter 19 — Insurance"
  - "Subchapter III — Servicemembers’ Group Life Insurance"
---

# §1977. Veterans’ Group Life Insurance

- (a)
  - (1) Except as provided in [paragraph (3)](#a-3), [Veterans](/usc/38/1101.md?p=1)’ Group Life [Insurance](/usc/38/1901.md?p=1) shall be issued in the amounts specified in [section 1967(a) of this title](/usc/38/1967.md?p=a). In the case of any individual, the amount of [Veterans](/usc/38/1101.md?p=1)’ Group Life [Insurance](/usc/38/1901.md?p=1) may not exceed the amount of Servicemembers’ Group Life [Insurance](/usc/38/1901.md?p=1) coverage continued in force after the expiration of the period of duty or travel under section [1967(b)](/usc/38/1967.md?p=b) or [1968(a)](/usc/38/1968.md?p=a) of this title. No person may carry a combined amount of Servicemembers’ Group Life [Insurance](/usc/38/1901.md?p=1) and [Veterans](/usc/38/1101.md?p=1)’ Group Life [Insurance](/usc/38/1901.md?p=1) at any one time in excess of the maximum amount for Servicemembers’ Group Life [Insurance](/usc/38/1901.md?p=1) in effect under [section 1967(a)(3)(A)(i) of this title](/usc/38/1967.md?p=a-3-A-i).
  - (2) If any person insured under [Veterans](/usc/38/1101.md?p=1)’ Group Life [Insurance](/usc/38/1901.md?p=1) again becomes insured under Servicemembers’ Group Life [Insurance](/usc/38/1901.md?p=1) but dies before terminating or converting such person’s [Veterans](/usc/38/1101.md?p=1)’ Group [Insurance](/usc/38/1901.md?p=1), [Veterans](/usc/38/1101.md?p=1)’ Group Life [Insurance](/usc/38/1901.md?p=1) shall be payable only if such person is insured under Servicemembers’ Group Life [Insurance](/usc/38/1901.md?p=1) for less than the maximum amount for such [insurance](/usc/38/1901.md?p=1) in effect under [section 1967(a)(3)(A)(i) of this title](/usc/38/1967.md?p=a-3-A-i), and then only in an amount which, when added to the amount of Servicemembers’ Group Life [Insurance](/usc/38/1901.md?p=1) payable, does not exceed such maximum amount in effect under such section.
  - (3) Not more than once in each five-year period beginning on the one-year anniversary of the date a person becomes insured under [Veterans](/usc/38/1101.md?p=1)’ Group Life [Insurance](/usc/38/1901.md?p=1), such person may elect in writing to increase by $25,000 the amount for which the person is insured if—
    - (A) the person is under the age of 60; and
    - (B) the total amount for which the person is insured does not exceed the amount provided for under [section 1967(a)(3)(A)(i) of this title](/usc/38/1967.md?p=a-3-A-i).
- (b) [Veterans](/usc/38/1101.md?p=1)’ Group Life [Insurance](/usc/38/1901.md?p=1) shall (1) provide protection against death; (2) be issued on a renewable five-year term basis; (3) have no cash, loan, paid-up, or extended values; (4) except as otherwise provided, lapse for nonpayment of premiums; and (5) contain such other terms and conditions as the [Secretary](/usc/38/101.md?p=1) determines to be reasonable and practicable which are not specifically provided for in this section, including any provisions of this subchapter not specifically made inapplicable by the provisions of this section.
- (c) The premiums for [Veterans](/usc/38/1101.md?p=1)’ Group Life [Insurance](/usc/38/1901.md?p=1) shall be established under the criteria set forth in [sections 1971(a)](/usc/38/1971.md?p=a) and (c) of this title, except that the [Secretary](/usc/38/101.md?p=1) may provide for average premiums for such various age groupings as the [Secretary](/usc/38/101.md?p=1) may decide to be necessary according to sound actuarial principles, and shall include an amount necessary to cover the administrative cost of such [insurance](/usc/38/1901.md?p=1) to the company or companies issuing such [insurance](/usc/38/1901.md?p=1). Such premiums shall be payable by the insureds thereunder as provided by the [Secretary](/usc/38/101.md?p=1) directly to the administrative office established for such [insurance](/usc/38/1901.md?p=1) under [section 1966(b) of this title](/usc/38/1966.md?p=b). In any case in which a [member](/usc/38/1965.md?p=5) or former [member](/usc/38/1965.md?p=5) who was mentally incompetent on the date such [member](/usc/38/1965.md?p=5) or former [member](/usc/38/1965.md?p=5) first became insured under [Veterans](/usc/38/1101.md?p=1)’ Group Life [Insurance](/usc/38/1901.md?p=1) dies within one year of such date, such [insurance](/usc/38/1901.md?p=1) shall be deemed not to have lapsed for nonpayment of premiums and to have been in force on the date of death. Where [insurance](/usc/38/1901.md?p=1) is in force under the preceding sentence, any unpaid premiums may be deducted from the proceeds of the [insurance](/usc/38/1901.md?p=1). Any person who claims eligibility for [Veterans](/usc/38/1101.md?p=1)’ Group Life [Insurance](/usc/38/1901.md?p=1) based on [disability](/usc/38/1701.md?p=1) incurred during a period of duty shall be required to submit evidence of qualifying health conditions and, if required, to submit to physical examinations at their own expense.
- (d) Any amount of [Veterans](/usc/38/1101.md?p=1)’ Group Life [Insurance](/usc/38/1901.md?p=1) in force on any person on the date of such person’s death shall be paid, upon the establishment of a valid claim therefor, pursuant to the provisions of [section 1970 of this title](/usc/38/1970.md). However, any designation of beneficiary or beneficiaries for Servicemembers’ Group Life [Insurance](/usc/38/1901.md?p=1) filed with a uniformed service until changed, shall be considered a designation of beneficiary or beneficiaries for [Veterans](/usc/38/1101.md?p=1)’ Group Life [Insurance](/usc/38/1901.md?p=1), but not for more than sixty days after the effective date of the insured’s [Veterans](/usc/38/1101.md?p=1)’ Group [Insurance](/usc/38/1901.md?p=1), unless at the end of such sixty-day period, the insured is incompetent in which event such designation may continue in force until the [disability](/usc/38/1701.md?p=1) is removed but not for more than five years after the effective date of the insured’s [Veterans](/usc/38/1101.md?p=1)’ Group Life [Insurance](/usc/38/1901.md?p=1). Except as indicated above in incompetent cases, after such sixty-day period, any designation of beneficiary or beneficiaries for [Veterans](/usc/38/1101.md?p=1)’ Group Life [Insurance](/usc/38/1901.md?p=1) to be effective must be by a writing signed by the insured and received by the administrative office established under [section 1966(b) of this title](/usc/38/1966.md?p=b).
- (e) An insured under [Veterans](/usc/38/1101.md?p=1)’ Group Life [Insurance](/usc/38/1901.md?p=1) shall have the right at any time to convert such [insurance](/usc/38/1901.md?p=1) to an individual policy of life [insurance](/usc/38/1901.md?p=1) upon written application for conversion made to the participating company the insured selects and payment of the required premiums. The individual policy will be issued without medical examination on a plan then currently written by such company which does not provide for the payment of any sum less than the face value thereof or for the payment of an additional amount as premiums in the event the insured performs [active duty](/usc/38/1965.md?p=1), [active duty for training](/usc/38/1965.md?p=2), or [inactive duty training](/usc/38/1965.md?p=3). The [Veterans](/usc/38/1101.md?p=1)’ Group Life [Insurance](/usc/38/1901.md?p=1) policy converted to an individual policy under this subsection shall terminate on the day before the date on which the individual policy becomes effective. Upon request to the administrative office established under [section 1966(b) of this title](/usc/38/1966.md?p=b), an insured under [Veterans](/usc/38/1101.md?p=1)’ Group Life [Insurance](/usc/38/1901.md?p=1) shall be furnished a list of life [insurance](/usc/38/1901.md?p=1) companies participating in the program established under this subchapter. In addition to the life [insurance](/usc/38/1901.md?p=1) companies participating in the program established under this subchapter, the list furnished to an insured under this section shall include additional life [insurance](/usc/38/1901.md?p=1) companies (not so participating) which meet qualifying criteria, terms, and conditions established by the [Secretary](/usc/38/101.md?p=1) and agree to sell [insurance](/usc/38/1901.md?p=1) to former [members](/usc/38/1965.md?p=5) in accordance with the provisions of this section.
- (f) The provisions of subsections (d) and (e) of [section 1971 of this title](/usc/38/1971.md) shall be applicable to [Veterans](/usc/38/1101.md?p=1)’ Group Life [Insurance](/usc/38/1901.md?p=1). However, a separate accounting shall be required for each program of [insurance](/usc/38/1901.md?p=1) authorized under this subchapter. In such accounting, the [Secretary](/usc/38/101.md?p=1) is authorized to allocate claims and other costs among such programs of [insurance](/usc/38/1901.md?p=1) according to accepted actuarial principles.
- (g) Any person whose Servicemembers’ Group Life [Insurance](/usc/38/1901.md?p=1) was continued in force after termination of duty or discharge from service under the law as in effect prior to the date on which the [Veterans](/usc/38/1101.md?p=1)’ Group Life [Insurance](/usc/38/1901.md?p=1) program (provided for under section 1977 of this title) became effective, and whose coverage under Servicemembers’ Group Life [Insurance](/usc/38/1901.md?p=1) terminated less than four years prior to such date, shall be eligible within one year from the effective date of the [Veterans](/usc/38/1101.md?p=1)’ Group Life [Insurance](/usc/38/1901.md?p=1) program to apply for and be granted [Veterans](/usc/38/1101.md?p=1)’ Group Life [Insurance](/usc/38/1901.md?p=1) in an amount equal to the amount of the insured’s Servicemembers’ Group Life [Insurance](/usc/38/1901.md?p=1) which was not converted to an individual policy under prior law. [Veterans](/usc/38/1101.md?p=1)’ Group Life [Insurance](/usc/38/1901.md?p=1) issued under this subsection shall be issued for a term period equal to five years, less the time elapsing between the termination of the applicant’s Servicemembers’ Group Life [Insurance](/usc/38/1901.md?p=1) and the effective date on which the [Veterans](/usc/38/1101.md?p=1)’ Group Life [Insurance](/usc/38/1901.md?p=1) program became effective. [Veterans](/usc/38/1101.md?p=1)’ Group Life [Insurance](/usc/38/1901.md?p=1) under this subsection shall only be issued upon application to the administrative office established under [section 1966(b) of this title](/usc/38/1966.md?p=b), payment of the required premium, and proof of good health satisfactory to that office, which proof shall be submitted at the applicant’s own expense. Any person who cannot meet the good health requirements for [insurance](/usc/38/1901.md?p=1) under this subsection solely because of a [service-connected](/usc/38/101.md?p=16) [disability](/usc/38/1701.md?p=1) shall have such [disability](/usc/38/1701.md?p=1) waived. For each month for which any [eligible veteran](/usc/38/3452.md?p=a-1), whose [service-connected](/usc/38/101.md?p=16) [disabilities](/usc/38/1701.md?p=1) are waived, is insured under this subsection there shall be contributed to the insurer or insurers issuing the policy or policies from the appropriation “[Compensation](/usc/38/101.md?p=13) and [Pensions](/usc/38/101.md?p=15), Department of Veterans Affairs” an amount necessary to cover the cost of the [insurance](/usc/38/1901.md?p=1) in excess of the premiums established for [eligible veterans](/usc/38/3452.md?p=a-1), including the cost of the excess mortality attributable to such [veteran](/usc/38/1101.md?p=1)’s [service-connected](/usc/38/101.md?p=16) [disabilities](/usc/38/1701.md?p=1). The [Secretary](/usc/38/101.md?p=1) may establish, as the [Secretary](/usc/38/101.md?p=1) may determine to be necessary according to sound actuarial principles, a separate premium, age groupings for premium purposes, accounting, and [reserves](/usc/38/101.md?p=26), for persons granted [insurance](/usc/38/1901.md?p=1) under this subsection different from those established for other persons granted [insurance](/usc/38/1901.md?p=1) under this section. Appropriations to carry out the purpose of this section are hereby authorized.
- (h)
  - (1) Notwithstanding any other provision of law, [members](/usc/38/1965.md?p=5) of the Individual Ready [Reserve](/usc/38/101.md?p=26) and the Inactive National Guard are eligible to be insured under [Veterans](/usc/38/1101.md?p=1)’ Group Life [Insurance](/usc/38/1901.md?p=1). Any such [member](/usc/38/1965.md?p=5) shall be so insured upon submission of an application in the manner prescribed by the [Secretary](/usc/38/101.md?p=1) and the payment of premiums as required under this section.
  - (2) In accordance with [subsection (b)](#b), [Veterans](/usc/38/1101.md?p=1)’ Group Life [Insurance](/usc/38/1901.md?p=1) coverage under this subsection shall be issued on a renewable five-year term basis, but the person insured must remain a [member](/usc/38/1965.md?p=5) of the Individual Ready [Reserve](/usc/38/101.md?p=26) or Inactive National Guard throughout the period of the [insurance](/usc/38/1901.md?p=1) in order for the [insurance](/usc/38/1901.md?p=1) of such person to be renewed.
  - (3) For the purpose of this subsection, the terms “Individual Ready [Reserve](/usc/38/101.md?p=26)” and “Inactive National Guard” shall have the meanings prescribed by the [Secretary](/usc/38/101.md?p=1) in consultation with the [Secretary](/usc/38/101.md?p=1) of Defense.

## Source credit

(Added Pub. L. 93–289, § 9(a), May 24, 1974, 88 Stat. 169, § 777; amended Pub. L. 97–66, title IV, § 401(b), Oct. 17, 1981, 95 Stat. 1031; Pub. L. 99–166, title IV, § 401(b), Dec. 3, 1985, 99 Stat. 957; Pub. L. 99–576, title VII, § 701(43), Oct. 28, 1986, 100 Stat. 3294; Pub. L. 102–25, title III, § 336(b), Apr. 6, 1991, 105 Stat. 90; renumbered § 1977 and amended Pub. L. 102–83, §§ 4(a)(2)(B)(iii), (b)(1), (2)(E), 5(a), (c)(1), Aug. 6, 1991, 105 Stat. 403–406; Pub. L. 102–568, title II, § 202, Oct. 29, 1992, 106 Stat. 4324; Pub. L. 103–446, title XII, § 1201(e)(9), Nov. 2, 1994, 108 Stat. 4685; Pub. L. 104–275, title IV, §§ 403(b), 405(b)(1)(H), 406, Oct. 9, 1996, 110 Stat. 3338–3340; Pub. L. 106–419, title III, § 312(b), Nov. 1, 2000, 114 Stat. 1854; Pub. L. 109–13, div. A, title I, § 1012(e), May 11, 2005, 119 Stat. 245; Pub. L. 109–80, §§ 2, 3(b), Sept. 30, 2005, 119 Stat. 2045; Pub. L. 111–275, title IV, § 404(a), Oct. 13, 2010, 124 Stat. 2879.)

## Notes

### Editorial Notes

### Amendments

2010—Subsec. (a)(1). Pub. L. 111–275, § 404(a)(1), inserted “Except as provided in paragraph (3),” before “Veterans’ Group Life Insurance shall be”.

Subsec. (a)(3). Pub. L. 111–275, § 404(a)(2), added par. (3).

2005—Subsec. (a)(1). Pub. L. 109–80, § 3(b)(1), substituted “at any one time in excess of the maximum amount for Servicemembers’ Group Life Insurance in effect under section 1967(a)(3)(A)(i) of this title” for “in excess of $250,000 at any one time”.

Pub. L. 109–13, § 1012(e), which directed substitution of “$400,000” for “$250,000” and insertion of “Any additional amount of insurance provided a member under section 1967(e) of this title may not be treated as an amount for which Veterans’ Group Life Insurance shall be issued under this section.” at end, was repealed by Pub. L. 109–80, § 2. See Effective and Termination Dates of 2005 Amendments note below.

Subsec. (a)(2). Pub. L. 109–80, § 3(b)(2), substituted “under Servicemembers’ Group Life Insurance for less than the maximum amount for such insurance in effect under section 1967(a)(3)(A)(i) of this title” for “for less than $250,000 under Servicemembers’ Group Life Insurance” and “does not exceed such maximum amount in effect under such section” for “does not exceed $250,000”.

Pub. L. 109–13, § 1012(e)(1), which directed substitution of “$400,000” for “$250,000” in two places, was repealed by Pub. L. 109–80, § 2. See Effective and Termination Dates of 2005 Amendments note below.

2000—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 106–419 substituted “$250,000” for “$200,000” in par. (1) and two places in par. (2).

1996—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 104–275, § 403(b)(1), designated existing provisions as par. (1), struck out at end “Any person insured under Veterans’ Group Life Insurance who again becomes insured under Servicemen’s Group Life Insurance may within 60 days after becoming so insured convert any or all of such person’s Veterans’ Group Life Insurance to an individual policy of insurance under subsection (e). However, if such a person dies within the 60-day period and before converting such person’s Veterans’ Group Life Insurance, Veterans’ Group Life Insurance will be payable only if such person is insured for less than $200,000 under Servicemen’s Group Life Insurance, and then only in an amount which when added to the amount of Servicemen’s Group Life Insurance payable shall not exceed $200,000.”, and added par. (2).

Subsec. (a)(1). Pub. L. 104–275, § 406, struck out “and (e)” after “section 1967(a)” and after “section 1967(b)”.

Pub. L. 104–275, § 405(b)(1)(H), substituted “Servicemembers’ Group” for “Servicemen’s Group” in two places.

Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 104–275, § 405(b)(1)(H), substituted “Servicemembers’ Group” for “Servicemen’s Group”.

Subsec. (e). Pub. L. 104–275, § 403(b)(2), inserted “at any time” after “shall have the right” in first sentence and substituted as third sentence “The Veterans’ Group Life Insurance policy converted to an individual policy under this subsection shall terminate on the day before the date on which the individual policy becomes effective.” for “The individual policy will be effective the day after the insured’s Veterans’ Group Life Insurance terminates by expiration of the five-year term period, except in a case where the insured is eligible to convert at an earlier date by reason of again having become insured under Servicemen’s Group Life Insurance, in which event the effective date of the individual policy may not be later than the sixty-first day after the insured again became so insured.”

Subsec. (g). Pub. L. 104–275, § 405(b)(1)(H), substituted “Servicemembers’ Group” for “Servicemen’s Group” wherever appearing.

1994—Subsec. (f). Pub. L. 103–446 substituted “subsections (d) and (e) of section 1971” for “sections 1971(d) and (e)”.

1992—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 102–568, § 202(1), inserted “and (e)” after “1967(a)” and after “1967(b)”, substituted “$200,000” for “$100,000” wherever appearing, “60 days” for “sixty days”, and “60-day period” for “sixty-day period”, and struck out “of this section” after “subsection (e)”.

Subsec. (b)(2). Pub. L. 102–568, § 202(2), substituted “renewable” for “nonrenewable”.

Subsec. (h)(2). Pub. L. 102–568, § 202(3), substituted “In accordance with subsection (b)” for “Notwithstanding subsection (b)(2) of this section”.

1991—Pub. L. 102–83, § 5(a), renumbered section 777 of this title as this section.

Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 102–83, § 5(c)(1), substituted “1967(a)” for “767(a)” and “1967(b) or 1968(a)” for “767(b) or 768(a)”.

Pub. L. 102–25 substituted “$100,000” for “$50,000” wherever appearing.

Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 102–83, § 4(b)(1), (2)(E), substituted “Secretary” for “Administrator”.

Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 102–83, § 5(c)(1), substituted “1971(a)” for “771(a)” and “1966(b)” for “766(b)”.

Pub. L. 102–83, § 4(b)(1), (2)(E), substituted “Secretary” for “Administrator” wherever appearing.

Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 102–83, § 5(c)(1), substituted “1970” for “770” and “1966(b)” for “766(b)”.

Subsec. (e). Pub. L. 102–83, § 5(c)(1), substituted “1966(b)” for “766(b)”.

Pub. L. 102–83, § 4(b)(1), (2)(E), substituted “Secretary” for “Administrator”.

Subsec. (f). Pub. L. 102–83, § 5(c)(1), substituted “1971(d)” for “771(d)”.

Pub. L. 102–83, § 4(b)(1), (2)(E), substituted “Secretary” for “Administrator”.

Subsec. (g). Pub. L. 102–83, § 5(c)(1), substituted “1977” for “777” and “1966(b)” for “766(b)”.

Pub. L. 102–83, § 4(b)(1), (2)(E), substituted “Secretary” for “Administrator” in two places.

Pub. L. 102–83, § 4(a)(2)(B)(iii), substituted “Department of Veterans Affairs” for “Veterans’ Administration”.

Subsec. (h)(1), (3). Pub. L. 102–83, § 4(b)(1), (2)(E), substituted “Secretary” for “Administrator”.

1986—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 99–576, § 701(43)(A), substituted “such person’s” for “his” in two places and “such person” for “he”.

Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 99–576, § 701(43)(B), substituted “the Administrator” for “he” in first sentence and “such member or former member” for “he” in third sentence.

Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 99–576, § 701(43)(C), substituted “such person’s” for “his”.

Subsec. (e). Pub. L. 99–576, § 701(43)(D), substituted “the insured” for “he” in first and third sentences.

Subsec. (g). Pub. L. 99–576, § 701(43)(E), substituted “the insured’s” for “his” and “the Administrator” for “he”.

1985—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 99–166, § 401(b)(1), substituted “Veterans’ Group Life Insurance shall be issued in the amounts specified in section 767(a) of this title. In the case of any individual, the amount of Veterans’ Group Life Insurance may not exceed the amount of Servicemen’s Group Life Insurance coverage continued in force after the expiration of the period of duty or travel under section 767(b) or 768(a) of this title” for “Veterans’ Group Life Insurance shall be issued in the amount of $5,000, $10,000, $15,000, $20,000, $25,000, $30,000 or $35,000 only” and “$50,000” for “$35,000” in three places.

Subsec. (h). Pub. L. 99–166, § 401(b)(2), added subsec. (h).

1981—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 97–66 inserted figures of $25,000, $30,000, and $35,000 to the enumeration of allowable amounts in which Veterans’ Group Life Insurance may be issued, and substituted $35,000 for $20,000 as the maximum amount of combined Servicemen’s Group Life Insurance and Veterans’ Group Life Insurance which a person may carry at any one time and as the figure covering situations in which a person insured under Veterans’ Group Life Insurance dies within the sixty-day period after having again become insured under Servicemen’s Group Life Insurance before converting his Veterans’ Group Life Insurance to an individual policy.

### Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

### Effective Date of 2010 Amendment

Pub. L. 111–275, title IV, § 404(b), Oct. 13, 2010, 124 Stat. 2880, provided that: “Paragraph (3) of section 1977(a) of title 38, United States Code, as added by subsection (a), shall take effect on the date that is 180 days after the date of the enactment of this Act [Oct. 13, 2010].”

### Effective and Termination Dates of 2005 Amendments

Amendment by section 2 of Pub. L. 109–80 effective Aug. 31, 2005, and this section shall be applied as if section 1012 of Pub. L. 109–13 had not been enacted, see section 2 of Pub. L. 109–80, set out as a note under section 1967 of this title.

Amendment by section 3(b) of Pub. L. 109–80 effective Sept. 1, 2005, and applicable with respect to deaths occurring on or after that date, see section 3(c) of Pub. L. 109–80, set out as a note under section 1967 of this title.

Amendment by Pub. L. 109–13 effective through the earlier of Dec. 31, 2005, or, with respect to certain sections of Public Law 109–13, the date of the enactment into law of legislation that supersedes the provisions of, or the amendments made by, those sections, see section 115 of Pub. L. 109–77, set out as a note under section 1967 of this title.

### Effective Date of 2000 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 106–419 effective on the first day of the first month that begins more than 120 days after Nov. 1, 2000, see section 312(c) of Pub. L. 106–419, set out as a note under section 1967 of this title.

### Effective Date of 1992 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 102–568 effective Dec. 1, 1992, see section 205 of Pub. L. 102–568, set out as an Effective Date note under section 1922A of this title.

### Effective Date of 1985 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 99–166 effective Jan. 1, 1986, see section 401(c)(1) of Pub. L. 99–166, set out as a note under section 1967 of this title.

### Effective Date of 1981 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 97–66 effective Dec. 1, 1981, see section 701(b)(2) of Pub. L. 97–66, set out as a note under section 1114 of this title.

### Effective Date

Section effective first day of third calendar month following May 1974, see section 12(4) of Pub. L. 93–289, set out as an Effective Date of 1974 Amendment note under section 1968 of this title.