---
kind: "section"
citation: "29 U.S.C. § 3111"
title: "29"
title_heading: "Labor"
number: "3111"
heading: "State workforce development boards"
release: "119-102"
date: "2026-07-12"
url: "https://uscodex.org/usc/29/3111"
units:
  - "Chapter 32 — Workforce Innovation and Opportunity"
  - "Subchapter I — Workforce Development Activities"
  - "Part A — System Alignment"
  - "Subpart 1 — state provisions"
---

# §3111. State workforce development boards

- (a) **In general—** The [Governor](/usc/29/3102.md?p=22) of a [State](/usc/29/3102.md?p=56) shall establish a [State](/usc/29/3102.md?p=56) workforce development board to carry out the functions described in [subsection (d)](#d).
- (b) **Membership—**
  - (1) **In general—** The [State board](/usc/29/3102.md?p=57) shall include—
    - (A) the [Governor](/usc/29/3102.md?p=22);
    - (B) a member of each chamber of the [State](/usc/29/3102.md?p=56) legislature (to the extent consistent with [State](/usc/29/3102.md?p=56) law), appointed by the appropriate presiding officers of such chamber; and
    - (C) members appointed by the [Governor](/usc/29/3102.md?p=22), of which—
      - (i) a majority shall be representatives of businesses in the [State](/usc/29/3102.md?p=56), who—
        - (I) are owners of businesses, chief executives or operating officers of businesses, or other business executives or employers with optimum policymaking or hiring authority, and who, in addition, may be members of a [local board](/usc/29/3102.md?p=33) described in [section 3122(b)(2)(A)(i) of this title](/usc/29/3122.md?p=b-2-A-i);
        - (II) represent businesses (including small businesses), or organizations representing businesses described in this subclause, that provide employment opportunities that, at a minimum, include high-quality, work-relevant training and development in in-demand industry sectors or occupations in the [State](/usc/29/3102.md?p=56); and
        - (III) are appointed from among individuals nominated by [State](/usc/29/3102.md?p=56) business organizations and business trade associations;
      - (ii) not less than 20 percent shall be representatives of the workforce within the [State](/usc/29/3102.md?p=56), who—
        - (I) shall include representatives of labor organizations, who have been nominated by [State](/usc/29/3102.md?p=56) labor federations;
        - (II) shall include a representative, who shall be a member of a labor organization or a training director, from a joint labor-management apprenticeship program, or if no such joint program exists in the [State](/usc/29/3102.md?p=56), such a representative of an apprenticeship program in the [State](/usc/29/3102.md?p=56);
        - (III) may include representatives of [community-based organizations](/usc/29/3102.md?p=10) that have demonstrated experience and expertise in addressing the employment, training, or education needs of individuals with barriers to employment, including organizations that serve [veterans](/usc/29/3102.md?p=63-A) or that provide or support competitive, integrated employment for [individuals with disabilities](/usc/29/3102.md?p=25-B); and
        - (IV) may include representatives of organizations that have demonstrated experience and expertise in addressing the employment, training, or education needs of [eligible youth](/usc/29/3102.md?p=18), including representatives of organizations that serve [out-of-school youth](/usc/29/3102.md?p=46); and
      - (iii) the balance—
        - (I) shall include representatives of government, who—
          - (aa) shall include the lead [State](/usc/29/3102.md?p=56) officials with primary responsibility for the [core programs](/usc/29/3102.md?p=12); and
          - (bb) shall include [chief elected officials](/usc/29/3102.md?p=9) (collectively representing both cities and counties, where appropriate); and
        - (II) may include such other representatives and officials as the [Governor](/usc/29/3102.md?p=22) may designate, such as—
          - (aa) the [State](/usc/29/3102.md?p=56) agency officials from agencies that are [one-stop partners](/usc/29/3102.md?p=42) not specified in [subclause (I)](#b-1-C-iii-I) (including additional [one-stop partners](/usc/29/3102.md?p=42) whose programs are covered by the [State plan](/usc/29/3102.md?p=58), if any);
          - (bb) [State](/usc/29/3102.md?p=56) agency officials responsible for economic development or juvenile justice programs in the [State](/usc/29/3102.md?p=56);
          - (cc) individuals who represent an Indian tribe or tribal organization, as such terms are defined in [section 3221(b) of this title](/usc/29/3221.md?p=b); and
          - (dd) [State](/usc/29/3102.md?p=56) agency officials responsible for education programs in the [State](/usc/29/3102.md?p=56), including chief executive officers of community colleges and other institutions of higher education.
  - (2) **Diverse and distinct representation—** The members of the [State board](/usc/29/3102.md?p=57) shall represent diverse geographic areas of the [State](/usc/29/3102.md?p=56), including urban, rural, and suburban areas.
  - (3) **No representation of multiple categories—** No person shall serve as a member for more than 1 of—
    - (A) the category described in [paragraph (1)(C)(i)](#b-1-C-i); or
    - (B) 1 category described in a subclause of clause [(ii)](#b-1-C-ii) or [(iii)](#b-1-C-iii) of paragraph (1)(C).
- (c) **Chairperson—** The [Governor](/usc/29/3102.md?p=22) shall select a chairperson for the [State board](/usc/29/3102.md?p=57) from among the representatives described in [subsection (b)(1)(C)(i)](#b-1-C-i).
- (d) **Functions—** The [State board](/usc/29/3102.md?p=57) shall assist the [Governor](/usc/29/3102.md?p=22) in—
  - (1) the development, implementation, and modification of the [State plan](/usc/29/3102.md?p=58);
  - (2) consistent with [paragraph (1)](#d-1), the review of statewide policies, of statewide programs, and of recommendations on actions that should be taken by the [State](/usc/29/3102.md?p=56) to align [workforce development programs](/usc/29/3102.md?p=66) in the [State](/usc/29/3102.md?p=56) in a manner that supports a comprehensive and streamlined [workforce development system](/usc/29/3102.md?p=67) in the [State](/usc/29/3102.md?p=56), including the review and provision of comments on the [State plans](/usc/29/3102.md?p=58), if any, for programs and activities of [one-stop partners](/usc/29/3102.md?p=42) that are not [core programs](/usc/29/3102.md?p=12);
  - (3) the development and continuous improvement of the [workforce development system](/usc/29/3102.md?p=67) in the [State](/usc/29/3102.md?p=56), including—
    - (A) the identification of barriers and means for removing barriers to better coordinate, align, and avoid duplication among the programs and activities carried out through the system;
    - (B) the development of strategies to support the use of [career pathways](/usc/29/3102.md?p=7) for the purpose of providing individuals, including low-skilled [adults](/usc/29/3102.md?p=2), youth, and individuals with barriers to employment (including [individuals with disabilities](/usc/29/3102.md?p=25-B)), with [workforce investment activities](/usc/29/3102.md?p=68), education, and [supportive services](/usc/29/3102.md?p=59) to enter or retain employment;
    - (C) the development of strategies for providing effective outreach to and improved access for individuals and employers who could benefit from services provided through the [workforce development system](/usc/29/3102.md?p=67);
    - (D) the development and expansion of strategies for meeting the needs of employers, workers, and jobseekers, particularly through [industry or sector partnerships](/usc/29/3102.md?p=26) related to in-demand industry sectors and occupations;
    - (E) the identification of [regions](/usc/29/3102.md?p=53), including [planning regions](/usc/29/3102.md?p=48), for the purposes of [section 3121(a) of this title](/usc/29/3121.md?p=a), and the designation of [local areas](/usc/29/3102.md?p=32) under [section 3121 of this title](/usc/29/3121.md), after consultation with [local boards](/usc/29/3102.md?p=33) and [chief elected officials](/usc/29/3102.md?p=9);
    - (F) the development and continuous improvement of the one-stop delivery system in [local areas](/usc/29/3102.md?p=32), including providing assistance to [local boards](/usc/29/3102.md?p=33), [one-stop operators](/usc/29/3102.md?p=41), [one-stop partners](/usc/29/3102.md?p=42), and providers with planning and delivering services, including [training services](/usc/29/3102.md?p=60) and [supportive services](/usc/29/3102.md?p=59), to support effective delivery of services to workers, jobseekers, and employers; and
    - (G) the development of strategies to support staff training and awareness across programs supported under the [workforce development system](/usc/29/3102.md?p=67);
  - (4) the development and updating of comprehensive [State](/usc/29/3102.md?p=56) performance accountability measures, including [State](/usc/29/3102.md?p=56) adjusted levels of performance, to assess the effectiveness of the [core programs](/usc/29/3102.md?p=12) in the [State](/usc/29/3102.md?p=56) as required under [section 3141(b) of this title](/usc/29/3141.md?p=b);
  - (5) the identification and dissemination of information on best practices, including best practices for—
    - (A) the effective operation of [one-stop centers](/usc/29/3102.md?p=40), relating to the use of business outreach, partnerships, and service delivery strategies, including strategies for serving individuals with barriers to employment;
    - (B) the development of effective [local boards](/usc/29/3102.md?p=33), which may include information on factors that contribute to enabling [local boards](/usc/29/3102.md?p=33) to exceed negotiated local levels of performance, sustain fiscal integrity, and achieve other measures of effectiveness; and
    - (C) effective training programs that respond to real-time labor market analysis, that effectively use direct assessment and prior learning assessment to measure an individual’s prior knowledge, skills, competencies, and experiences, and that evaluate such skills, and competencies for adaptability, to support efficient placement into employment or [career pathways](/usc/29/3102.md?p=7);
  - (6) the development and review of statewide policies affecting the coordinated provision of services through the [State](/usc/29/3102.md?p=56)’s one-stop delivery system described in [section 3151(e) of this title](/usc/29/3151.md?p=e), including the development of—
    - (A) objective criteria and procedures for use by [local boards](/usc/29/3102.md?p=33) in assessing the effectiveness and continuous improvement of [one-stop centers](/usc/29/3102.md?p=40) described in such section;
    - (B) guidance for the allocation of [one-stop center](/usc/29/3102.md?p=40) infrastructure funds under [section 3151(h) of this title](/usc/29/3151.md?p=h); and
    - (C) policies relating to the appropriate roles and contributions of entities carrying out [one-stop partner programs](/usc/29/3102.md?p=43) within the one-stop delivery system, including approaches to facilitating equitable and efficient cost allocation in such system;
  - (7) the development of strategies for technological improvements to facilitate access to, and improve the quality of, services and activities provided through the one-stop delivery system, including such improvements to—
    - (A) enhance digital [literacy](/usc/29/3102.md?p=31) skills (as defined in [section 9101 of title 20](/usc/20/9101.md); referred to in this Act as “digital [literacy](/usc/29/3102.md?p=31) skills”);
    - (B) accelerate the acquisition of skills and [recognized postsecondary credentials](/usc/29/3102.md?p=52) by participants;
    - (C) strengthen the professional development of providers and workforce professionals; and
    - (D) ensure such technology is accessible to [individuals with disabilities](/usc/29/3102.md?p=25-B) and individuals residing in remote areas;
  - (8) the development of strategies for aligning technology and data systems across [one-stop partner programs](/usc/29/3102.md?p=43) to enhance service delivery and improve efficiencies in reporting on performance accountability measures (including the design and implementation of common intake, data collection, case management information, and performance accountability measurement and reporting processes and the incorporation of local input into such design and implementation, to improve coordination of services across [one-stop partner programs](/usc/29/3102.md?p=43));
  - (9) the development of allocation formulas for the distribution of funds for [employment and training activities](/usc/29/3102.md?p=19) for [adults](/usc/29/3102.md?p=2), and [youth workforce investment activities](/usc/29/3102.md?p=71), to [local areas](/usc/29/3102.md?p=32) as permitted under sections [3163(b)(3)](/usc/29/3163.md?p=b-3) and [3173(b)(3)](/usc/29/3173.md?p=b-3) of this title;
  - (10) the preparation of the annual reports described in paragraphs (1) and (2) of [section 3141(d) of this title](/usc/29/3141.md?p=d);
  - (11) the development of the statewide workforce and labor market information system described in [section 49l–2(e)](/usc/29/49l–2.md?p=e) of this title; and
  - (12) the development of such other policies as may promote statewide objectives for, and enhance the performance of, the [workforce development system](/usc/29/3102.md?p=67) in the [State](/usc/29/3102.md?p=56).
- (e) **Alternative entity—**
  - (1) **In general—** For the purposes of complying with subsections [(a)](#a), [(b)](#b), and [(c)](#c), a [State](/usc/29/3102.md?p=56) may use any [State](/usc/29/3102.md?p=56) entity (including a [State](/usc/29/3102.md?p=56) council, [State](/usc/29/3102.md?p=56) workforce development board (within the meaning of the Workforce Investment Act of 1998, as in effect on the day before July 22, 2014), combination of regional workforce development boards, or similar entity) that—
    - (A) was in existence on the day before August 7, 1998;
    - (B) is substantially similar to the [State board](/usc/29/3102.md?p=57) described in subsections [(a)](#a) through [(c)](#c); and
    - (C) includes representatives of business in the [State](/usc/29/3102.md?p=56) and representatives of labor organizations in the [State](/usc/29/3102.md?p=56).
  - (2) **References—** A reference in this Act, or a [core program provision](/usc/29/3102.md?p=13) that is not in this Act, to a [State board](/usc/29/3102.md?p=57) shall be considered to include such an entity.
- (f) **Conflict of interest—** A member of a [State board](/usc/29/3102.md?p=57) may not—
  - (1) vote on a matter under consideration by the [State board](/usc/29/3102.md?p=57)—
    - (A) regarding the provision of services by such member (or by an entity that such member represents); or
    - (B) that would provide direct financial benefit to such member or the immediate family of such member; or
  - (2) engage in any other activity determined by the [Governor](/usc/29/3102.md?p=22) to constitute a conflict of interest as specified in the [State plan](/usc/29/3102.md?p=58).
- (g) **Sunshine provision—** The [State board](/usc/29/3102.md?p=57) shall make available to the public, on a regular basis through electronic means and open meetings, information regarding the activities of the [State board](/usc/29/3102.md?p=57), including information regarding the [State plan](/usc/29/3102.md?p=58), or a modification to the [State plan](/usc/29/3102.md?p=58), prior to submission of the plan or modification of the plan, respectively, information regarding membership, and, on request, minutes of formal meetings of the [State board](/usc/29/3102.md?p=57).
- (h) **Authority to hire staff—**
  - (1) **In general—** The [State board](/usc/29/3102.md?p=57) may hire a director and other staff to assist in carrying out the functions described in [subsection (d)](#d) using funds available as described in [section 3164(b)(3) of this title](/usc/29/3164.md?p=b-3) or [3174(a)(3)(B)(i)](/usc/29/3174.md?p=a-3-B-i) of this title.
  - (2) **Qualifications—** The [State board](/usc/29/3102.md?p=57) shall establish and apply a set of objective qualifications for the position of director, that ensures that the individual selected has the requisite knowledge, skills, and abilities, to meet identified benchmarks and to assist in effectively carrying out the functions of the [State board](/usc/29/3102.md?p=57).
  - (3) **Limitation on rate—** The director and staff described in [paragraph (1)](#h-1) shall be subject to the limitations on the payment of salary and bonuses described in [section 3254(15) of this title](/usc/29/3254.md?p=15).

## Source credit

(Pub. L. 113–128, title I, § 101, July 22, 2014, 128 Stat. 1440.)

## Notes

### Editorial Notes

### References in Text

This Act, referred to in subsecs. (d)(7)(A) and (e)(2), is Pub. L. 113–128, July 22, 2014, 128 Stat. 1425, known as the Workforce Innovation and Opportunity Act, which enacted this chapter, repealed chapter 30 (§ 2801 et seq.) of this title and chapter 73 (§ 9201 et seq.) of Title 20, Education, and made amendments to numerous other sections and notes in the Code. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 3101 of this title and Tables.

The Workforce Investment Act of 1998, referred to in subsec. (e)(1), is Pub. L. 105–220, Aug. 7, 1998, 112 Stat. 936, and was repealed by Pub. L. 113–128, title V, §§ 506, 511(a), July 22, 2014, 128 Stat. 1703, 1705, effective July 1, 2015. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Tables.

### Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

### Effective Date

Section effective on the first day of the first full program year after July 22, 2014 (July 1, 2015), see section 506 of Pub. L. 113–128, set out as a note under section 3101 of this title.

### Telecommunications Workforce Guidance

Pub. L. 117–58, div. F, title VI, § 60603, Nov. 15, 2021, 135 Stat. 1249, provided that: “Not later than 1 year after the date of enactment of this Act [Nov. 15, 2021], the Secretary of Labor, in partnership with the Chairman of the Federal Communications Commission, shall establish and issue guidance on how States can address the workforce needs and safety of the telecommunications industry, including guidance on how a State workforce development board established under section 101 of the Workforce Innovation and Opportunity Act (29 U.S.C. 3111) can— utilize Federal resources available to States to meet the workforce needs of the telecommunications industry; promote and improve recruitment in workforce development programs in the telecommunications industry; and ensure the safety of the telecommunications workforce, including tower climbers.”