--- kind: "section" citation: "29 U.S.C. § 2102" title: "29" title_heading: "Labor" number: "2102" heading: "Notice required before plant closings and mass layoffs" release: "119-102" date: "2026-07-12" url: "https://uscodex.org/usc/29/2102" units: - "Chapter 23 — Worker Adjustment and Retraining Notification" --- # §2102. Notice required before plant closings and mass layoffs - (a) **Notice to employees, State dislocated worker units, and local governments—** An [employer](/usc/29/2101.md?p=a-1) shall not order a [plant closing](/usc/29/2101.md?p=a-2) or [mass layoff](/usc/29/2101.md?p=a-3) until the end of a 60-day period after the [employer](/usc/29/2101.md?p=a-1) serves written notice of such an order— - (1) to each [representative](/usc/29/2101.md?p=a-4) of the [affected employees](/usc/29/2101.md?p=a-5) as of the time of the notice or, if there is no such [representative](/usc/29/2101.md?p=a-4) at that time, to each affected employee; and - (2) to the State or entity designated by the State to carry out rapid response activities under [section 3174(a)(2)(A) of this title](/usc/29/3174.md?p=a-2-A), and the chief elected official of the [unit of local government](/usc/29/2101.md?p=a-7) within which such closing or layoff is to occur. If there is more than one such unit, the [unit of local government](/usc/29/2101.md?p=a-7) which the [employer](/usc/29/2101.md?p=a-1) shall notify is the [unit of local government](/usc/29/2101.md?p=a-7) to which the [employer](/usc/29/2101.md?p=a-1) pays the highest taxes for the year preceding the year for which the determination is made. - (b) **Reduction of notification period—** - (1) An [employer](/usc/29/2101.md?p=a-1) may order the shutdown of a single site of employment before the conclusion of the 60-day period if as of the time that notice would have been required the [employer](/usc/29/2101.md?p=a-1) was actively seeking capital or business which, if obtained, would have enabled the [employer](/usc/29/2101.md?p=a-1) to avoid or postpone the shutdown and the [employer](/usc/29/2101.md?p=a-1) reasonably and in good faith believed that giving the notice required would have precluded the [employer](/usc/29/2101.md?p=a-1) from obtaining the needed capital or business. - (2) - (A) An [employer](/usc/29/2101.md?p=a-1) may order a [plant closing](/usc/29/2101.md?p=a-2) or [mass layoff](/usc/29/2101.md?p=a-3) before the conclusion of the 60-day period if the closing or [mass layoff](/usc/29/2101.md?p=a-3) is caused by business circumstances that were not reasonably foreseeable as of the time that notice would have been required. - (B) No notice under this chapter shall be required if the [plant closing](/usc/29/2101.md?p=a-2) or [mass layoff](/usc/29/2101.md?p=a-3) is due to any form of natural disaster, such as a flood, earthquake, or the drought currently ravaging the farmlands of the United States. - (3) An [employer](/usc/29/2101.md?p=a-1) relying on this subsection shall give as much notice as is practicable and at that time shall give a brief statement of the basis for reducing the notification period. - (c) **Extension of layoff period—** A layoff of more than 6 months which, at its outset, was announced to be a layoff of 6 months or less, shall be treated as an [employment loss](/usc/29/2101.md?p=a-6) under this chapter unless— - (1) the extension beyond 6 months is caused by business circumstances (including unforeseeable changes in price or cost) not reasonably foreseeable at the time of the initial layoff; and - (2) notice is given at the time it becomes reasonably foreseeable that the extension beyond 6 months will be required. - (d) **Determinations with respect to employment loss—** For purposes of this section, in determining whether a [plant closing](/usc/29/2101.md?p=a-2) or [mass layoff](/usc/29/2101.md?p=a-3) has occurred or will occur, [employment losses](/usc/29/2101.md?p=a-6) for 2 or more groups at a single site of employment, each of which is less than the minimum number of employees specified in [section 2101(a)(2)](/usc/29/2101.md?p=a-2) or (3) of this title but which in the aggregate exceed that minimum number, and which occur within any 90-day period shall be considered to be a [plant closing](/usc/29/2101.md?p=a-2) or [mass layoff](/usc/29/2101.md?p=a-3) unless the [employer](/usc/29/2101.md?p=a-1) demonstrates that the [employment losses](/usc/29/2101.md?p=a-6) are the result of separate and distinct actions and causes and are not an attempt by the [employer](/usc/29/2101.md?p=a-1) to evade the requirements of this chapter. ## Source credit (Pub. L. 100–379, § 3, Aug. 4, 1988, 102 Stat. 891; Pub. L. 105–277, div. A, § 101(f) [title VIII, § 405(d)(26), (f)(18)], Oct. 21, 1998, 112 Stat. 2681–337, 2681–424, 2681–432; Pub. L. 113–128, title V, § 512(kk), July 22, 2014, 128 Stat. 1722.) ## Notes ### Editorial Notes ### Amendments 2014—Subsec. (a)(2). Pub. L. 113–128 substituted “the State or entity designated by the State to carry out rapid response activities under section 3174(a)(2)(A) of this title,” for “the State or entity designated by the State to carry out rapid response activities under section 2864(a)(2)(A) of this title,”. 1998—Subsec. (a)(2). Pub. L. 105–277, § 101(f) [title VIII, § 405(f)(18)], struck out “the State dislocated worker unit or office (referred to in section 1661(b)(2) of this title), or” before “the State or entity”. Pub. L. 105–277, § 101(f) [title VIII, § 405(d)(26)], substituted “to the State dislocated worker unit or office (referred to in section 1661(b)(2) of this title), or the State or entity designated by the State to carry out rapid response activities under section 2864(a)(2)(A) of this title, and the chief” for “to the State dislocated worker unit (designated or created under title III of the Job Training Partnership Act) and the chief”. ### Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries ### Effective Date of 2014 Amendment Amendment by Pub. L. 113–128 effective on the first day of the first full program year after July 22, 2014 (July 1, 2015), see section 506 of Pub. L. 113–128, set out as an Effective Date note under section 3101 of this title. ### Effective Date of 1998 Amendment Amendment by section 101(f) [title VIII, § 405(d)(26)] of Pub. L. 105–277 effective Oct. 21, 1998, and amendment by section 101(f) [title VIII, § 405(f)(18)] of Pub. L. 105–277 effective July 1, 2000, see section 101(f) [title VIII, § 405(g)(1), (2)(B)] of Pub. L. 105–277, set out as a note under section 3502 of Title 5, Government Organization and Employees. ### Effective Date Section effective 6 months after Aug. 4, 1988, see section 11 of Pub. L. 100–379, set out as a note under section 2101 of this title.