---
kind: "section"
citation: "25 U.S.C. § 4237"
title: "25"
title_heading: "Indians"
number: "4237"
heading: "Remedies for noncompliance"
release: "119-102"
date: "2026-07-12"
url: "https://uscodex.org/usc/25/4237"
units:
  - "Chapter 43 — Native American Housing Assistance and Self-Determination"
  - "Subchapter VIII — Housing Assistance for Native Hawaiians"
---

# §4237. Remedies for noncompliance

- (a) **Actions by Secretary affecting grant amounts—**
  - (1) **In general—** Except as provided in [subsection (b)](#b), if the [Secretary](/usc/25/4103.md?p=20) finds after reasonable notice and opportunity for a hearing that the [Department of Hawaiian Home Lands](/usc/25/4221.md?p=1) has failed to comply substantially with any provision of this subchapter, the [Secretary](/usc/25/4103.md?p=20) shall—
    - (A) terminate payments under this subchapter to the [Department](/usc/25/4221.md?p=1);
    - (B) reduce payments under this subchapter to the [Department](/usc/25/4221.md?p=1) by an amount equal to the amount of such payments that were not expended in accordance with this subchapter; or
    - (C) limit the availability of payments under this subchapter to programs, projects, or activities not affected by such failure to comply.
  - (2) **Actions—** If the [Secretary](/usc/25/4103.md?p=20) takes an action under subparagraph [(A)](#a-1-A), [(B)](#a-1-B), or [(C)](#a-1-C) of paragraph (1), the [Secretary](/usc/25/4103.md?p=20) shall continue that action until the [Secretary](/usc/25/4103.md?p=20) determines that the failure by the [Department](/usc/25/4221.md?p=1) to comply with the provision has been remedied by the [Department](/usc/25/4221.md?p=1) and the [Department](/usc/25/4221.md?p=1) is in compliance with that provision.
- (b) **Noncompliance because of a technical incapacity—** The [Secretary](/usc/25/4103.md?p=20) may provide technical assistance for the [Department](/usc/25/4221.md?p=1), either directly or indirectly, that is designed to increase the capability and capacity of the [Director](/usc/25/4221.md?p=2) of the [Department](/usc/25/4221.md?p=1) to administer assistance provided under this subchapter in compliance with the requirements under this subchapter if the [Secretary](/usc/25/4103.md?p=20) makes a finding under [subsection (a)](#a), but determines that the failure of the [Department](/usc/25/4221.md?p=1) to comply substantially with the provisions of this subchapter—
  - (1) is not a pattern or practice of activities constituting willful noncompliance; and
  - (2) is a result of the limited capability or capacity of the [Department of Hawaiian Home Lands](/usc/25/4221.md?p=1).
- (c) **Referral for civil action—**
  - (1) **Authority—** In lieu of, or in addition to, any action that the [Secretary](/usc/25/4103.md?p=20) may take under [subsection (a)](#a), if the [Secretary](/usc/25/4103.md?p=20) has reason to believe that the [Department of Hawaiian Home Lands](/usc/25/4221.md?p=1) has failed to comply substantially with any provision of this subchapter, the [Secretary](/usc/25/4103.md?p=20) may refer the matter to the Attorney General of the United States with a recommendation that an appropriate civil action be instituted.
  - (2) **Civil action—** Upon receiving a referral under [paragraph (1)](#c-1), the Attorney General may bring a civil action in any United States district court of appropriate jurisdiction for such relief as may be appropriate, including an action—
    - (A) to recover the amount of the assistance furnished under this subchapter that was not expended in accordance with this subchapter; or
    - (B) for mandatory or injunctive relief.
- (d) **Review—**
  - (1) **In general—** If the [Director](/usc/25/4221.md?p=2) receives notice under [subsection (a)](#a) of the termination, reduction, or limitation of payments under this chapter, the [Director](/usc/25/4221.md?p=2)—
    - (A) may, not later than 60 days after receiving such notice, file with the United States Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit, or in the United States Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia, a petition for review of the action of the [Secretary](/usc/25/4103.md?p=20); and
    - (B) upon the filing of any petition under [subparagraph (A)](#d-1-A), shall forthwith transmit copies of the petition to the [Secretary](/usc/25/4103.md?p=20) and the Attorney General of the United States, who shall represent the [Secretary](/usc/25/4103.md?p=20) in the litigation.
  - (2) **Procedure—**
    - (A) **In general—** The [Secretary](/usc/25/4103.md?p=20) shall file in the court a record of the proceeding on which the [Secretary](/usc/25/4103.md?p=20) based the action, as provided in [section 2112 of title 28](/usc/28/2112.md).
    - (B) **Objections—** No objection to the action of the [Secretary](/usc/25/4103.md?p=20) shall be considered by the court unless the [Department](/usc/25/4221.md?p=1) has registered the objection before the [Secretary](/usc/25/4103.md?p=20).
  - (3) **Disposition—**
    - (A) **Court proceedings—**
      - (i) **Jurisdiction of court—** The court shall have jurisdiction to affirm or modify the action of the [Secretary](/usc/25/4103.md?p=20) or to set the action aside in whole or in part.
      - (ii) **Findings of fact—** If supported by substantial evidence on the record considered as a whole, the findings of fact by the [Secretary](/usc/25/4103.md?p=20) shall be conclusive.
      - (iii) **Addition—** The court may order evidence, in addition to the evidence submitted for review under this subsection, to be taken by the [Secretary](/usc/25/4103.md?p=20), and to be made part of the record.
    - (B) **Secretary—**
      - (i) **In general—** The [Secretary](/usc/25/4103.md?p=20), by reason of the additional evidence referred to in [subparagraph (A)](#d-3-A) and filed with the court—
        - (I) may—
          - (aa) modify the findings of fact of the [Secretary](/usc/25/4103.md?p=20); or
          - (bb) make new findings; and
        - (II) shall file—
          - (aa) such modified or new findings; and
          - (bb) the recommendation of the [Secretary](/usc/25/4103.md?p=20), if any, for the modification or setting aside of the original action of the [Secretary](/usc/25/4103.md?p=20).
      - (ii) **Findings—** The findings referred to in [clause (i)(II)(bb)](#d-3-B-i-II-bb) shall, with respect to a question of fact, be considered to be conclusive if those findings are—
        - (I) supported by substantial evidence on the record; and
        - (II) considered as a whole.
  - (4) **Finality—**
    - (A) **In general—** Except as provided in [subparagraph (B)](#d-4-B), upon the filing of the record under this subsection with the court—
      - (i) the jurisdiction of the court shall be exclusive; and
      - (ii) the judgment of the court shall be final.
    - (B) **Review by Supreme Court—** A judgment under [subparagraph (A)](#d-4-A) shall be subject to review by the Supreme Court of the United States upon writ of certiorari or certification, as provided in [section 1254 of title 28](/usc/28/1254.md).

## Source credit

(Pub. L. 104–330, title VIII, § 818, as added Pub. L. 106–568, title II, § 203, Dec. 27, 2000, 114 Stat. 2891, and Pub. L. 106–569, title V, § 513, Dec. 27, 2000, 114 Stat. 2985.)

## Notes

### Editorial Notes

### References in Text

This chapter, referred to in subsec. (d)(1), was in the original “this Act”, meaning Pub. L. 104–330, Oct. 26, 1996, 110 Stat. 4016, known as the Native American Housing Assistance and Self-Determination Act of 1996. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 4101 of this title and Tables.

### Codification

Pub. L. 106–568, § 203, and Pub. L. 106–569, § 513, enacted identical sections 818 of Pub. L. 104–330. This section is based on the text of section 818 of Pub. L. 104–330, as added by Pub. L. 106–569, § 513.