---
kind: "section"
citation: "22 U.S.C. § 9528"
title: "22"
title_heading: "Foreign Relations and Intercourse"
number: "9528"
heading: "Sanctions with respect to the transfer of arms and related materiel to Syria"
release: "119-102"
date: "2026-07-12"
url: "https://uscodex.org/usc/22/9528"
units:
  - "Chapter 102 — Countering Russian Influence in Europe and Eurasia"
  - "Subchapter I — Sanctions and Other Measures with Respect to the Russian Federation"
  - "Part B — Sanctions with Respect to the Russian Federation"
---

# §9528. Sanctions with respect to the transfer of arms and related materiel to Syria

- (a) **Imposition of sanctions—**
  - (1) **In general—** The President shall impose on a foreign [person](/usc/22/9521.md?p=5) the sanctions described in [subsection (b)](#b) if the President determines that such foreign [person](/usc/22/9521.md?p=5) has, on or after August 2, 2017, [knowingly](/usc/22/9521.md?p=4) exported, transferred, or otherwise provided to Syria significant financial, material, or technological [support](/usc/22/7432.md?p=12) that contributes materially to the ability of the Government of Syria to—
    - (A) acquire or develop chemical, biological, or nuclear weapons or related technologies;
    - (B) acquire or develop ballistic or cruise missile capabilities;
    - (C) acquire or develop destabilizing numbers and types of advanced conventional weapons;
    - (D) acquire significant defense articles, defense services, or defense information (as such terms are defined under the Arms Export Control Act ([22 U.S.C. 2751](/usc/22/2751.md) et seq.)); or
    - (E) acquire items designated by the President for purposes of the United States Munitions List under section 38(a)(1) of the Arms Export Control Act ([22 U.S.C. 2778(a)(1)](/usc/22/2778.md?p=a-1)).
  - (2) **Applicability to other foreign persons—** The sanctions described in [subsection (b)](#b) shall also be imposed on any foreign [person](/usc/22/9521.md?p=5) that—
    - (A) is a successor entity to a foreign [person](/usc/22/9521.md?p=5) described in [paragraph (1)](#a-1); or
    - (B) is owned or controlled by, or has acted for or on behalf of, a foreign [person](/usc/22/9521.md?p=5) described in [paragraph (1)](#a-1).
- (b) **Sanctions described—** The sanctions to be imposed on a foreign [person](/usc/22/9521.md?p=5) described in [subsection (a)](#a) are the following:
  - (1) **Blocking of property—** The President shall exercise all powers granted by the International Emergency Economic Powers Act ([50 U.S.C. 1701](/usc/50/1701.md) et seq.) (except that the requirements of [section 202](/usc/22/202.md) of such Act ([50 U.S.C. 1701](/usc/50/1701.md)) shall not apply) to the extent necessary to block and prohibit all transactions in all property and interests in property of the foreign [person](/usc/22/9521.md?p=5) if such property and interests in property are in the United States, come within the United States, or are or come within the possession or control of a [United States person](/usc/22/9521.md?p=6).
  - (2) **Aliens ineligible for visas, admission, or parole—**
    - (A) **Exclusion from the United States—** If the foreign [person](/usc/22/9521.md?p=5) is an individual, the Secretary of State shall deny a visa to, and the [Secretary](/usc/22/277d–43.md?p=5) of Homeland Security shall exclude from the United States, the foreign [person](/usc/22/9521.md?p=5).
    - (B) **Current visas revoked—**
      - (i) **In general—** The issuing consular officer, the Secretary of State, or the [Secretary](/usc/22/277d–43.md?p=5) of Homeland Security (or a designee of one of such [Secretaries](/usc/22/277d–43.md?p=5)) shall revoke any visa or other entry documentation issued to the foreign [person](/usc/22/9521.md?p=5) regardless of when issued.
      - (ii) **Effect of revocation—** A revocation under [clause (i)](#b-2-B-i) shall take effect immediately and shall automatically cancel any other valid visa or entry documentation that is in the possession of the foreign [person](/usc/22/9521.md?p=5).
- (c) **Waiver—** Subject to [section 9511 of this title](/usc/22/9511.md), the President may waive the application of sanctions under [subsection (b)](#b) with respect to a [person](/usc/22/9521.md?p=5) if the President determines that such a waiver is in the national security interest of the United States.
- (d) **Definitions—** In this section:
  - (1) **Financial, material, or technological support—** The term “financial, material, or technological [support](/usc/22/7432.md?p=12)” has the meaning given such term in section 542.304 of title 31, Code of Federal Regulations (or any corresponding similar regulation or ruling).
  - (2) **Foreign person—** The term “foreign [person](/usc/22/9521.md?p=5)” has the meaning given such term in section 594.304 of title 31, Code of Federal Regulations (or any corresponding similar regulation or ruling).
  - (3) **Syria—** The term “Syria” has the meaning given such term in section 542.316 of title 31, Code of Federal Regulations (or any corresponding similar regulation or ruling).

## Source credit

(Pub. L. 115–44, title II, § 234, Aug. 2, 2017, 131 Stat. 918.)

## Notes

### Editorial Notes

### References in Text

The Arms Export Control Act, referred to in subsec. (a)(1)(D), is Pub. L. 90–629, Oct. 22, 1968, 82 Stat. 1320, which is classified principally to chapter 39 (§ 2751 et seq.) of this title. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 2751 of this title and Tables.

The International Emergency Economic Powers Act, referred to in subsec. (b)(1), is title II of Pub. L. 95–223, Dec. 28, 1977, 91 Stat. 1626, which is classified generally to chapter 35 (§ 1701 et seq.) of Title 50, War and National Defense. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 1701 of Title 50 and Tables.