---
kind: "range"
citation: "22 U.S.C. §§ 3101–3108"
title: "22"
from: "3101"
to: "3108"
count: 8
release: "119-102"
url: "https://uscodex.org/usc/22/3101..3108"
---

# §3101. Congressional statement of findings and declaration of purpose

- (a) **Findings—** The Congress finds and declares that—
  - (1) the [United States](/usc/22/1395.md?p=a-1) Government is presently authorized to collect limited amounts of information on [United States](/usc/22/1395.md?p=a-1) investment abroad and [foreign](/usc/22/3146.md?p=1) investment in the [United States](/usc/22/1395.md?p=a-1);
  - (2) [international investment](/usc/22/3102.md?p=9) has increased rapidly within recent years;
  - (3) such investment significantly affects the economies of the [United States](/usc/22/1395.md?p=a-1) and other nations;
  - (4) international efforts to obtain information on the activities of multinational enterprises and other international investors have accelerated recently;
  - (5) the potential consequences of [international investment](/usc/22/3102.md?p=9) cannot be evaluated accurately because the [United States](/usc/22/1395.md?p=a-1) Government lacks sufficient information on such investment and its actual or possible effects on the national security, commerce, employment, inflation, general welfare, and [foreign](/usc/22/3146.md?p=1) policy of the [United States](/usc/22/1395.md?p=a-1);
  - (6) accurate and comprehensive information on [international investment](/usc/22/3102.md?p=9) is needed by the Congress to develop an informed [United States](/usc/22/1395.md?p=a-1) policy on such investment;
  - (7) [United States](/usc/22/1395.md?p=a-1) service industries engaged in interstate and [foreign](/usc/22/3146.md?p=1) commerce account for a substantial part of the labor force and gross national product of the [United States](/usc/22/1395.md?p=a-1) economy, and such commerce is rapidly increasing;
  - (8) international trade and services is an important issue for international negotiations and deserves priority in the attention of governments, international agencies, negotiators, and the private sector; and
  - (9) existing estimates of [international investment](/usc/22/3102.md?p=9) and trade in services, collected under existing legal authority, are limited in scope and are based on outdated statistical bases, reports, and information which are insufficient for policy formulation and decisionmaking.
- (b) **Purpose—** It is therefore the purpose of this chapter to provide clear and unambiguous authority for the President to collect information on [international investment](/usc/22/3102.md?p=9) and [United States](/usc/22/1395.md?p=a-1) [foreign](/usc/22/3146.md?p=1) trade in services, whether directly or by [affiliates](/usc/22/3102.md?p=8), including related information necessary for assessing the impact of such investment and trade, to authorize the collection and use of information on [direct investments](/usc/22/3102.md?p=10) owned or controlled directly or indirectly by [foreign](/usc/22/3146.md?p=1) governments or [persons](/usc/22/3102.md?p=3), and to provide analyses of such information to the Congress, the executive agencies, and the general public. It is the intent of the Congress that information which is collected from the public under this chapter be obtained with a minimum burden on business and other respondents and with no unnecessary duplication of effort, consistent with the national interest in obtaining comprehensive and reliable information on [international investment](/usc/22/3102.md?p=9) and trade in services.
- (c) **Nonrestraint and nondeterrence of investment—** Nothing in this chapter is intended to restrain or deter [foreign](/usc/22/3146.md?p=1) investment in the [United States](/usc/22/1395.md?p=a-1), [United States](/usc/22/1395.md?p=a-1) investment abroad, or trade in services.

# §3102. Definitions


As used in this chapter, the term—

- (1) “[United States](/usc/22/1395.md?p=a-1)”, when used in a geographic sense, means the several States, the District of Columbia, the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico, the Canal Zone, and all territories and possessions of the [United States](/usc/22/1395.md?p=a-1);
- (2) “[foreign](/usc/22/3146.md?p=1)”, when used in a geographic sense, means that which is situated outside the [United States](/usc/22/1395.md?p=a-1) or which belongs to or is characteristic of a country other than the [United States](/usc/22/1395.md?p=a-1);
- (3) “person” means any individual, branch, partnership, associated group, association, estate, trust, [corporation](/usc/22/7702.md?p=6), or other organization (whether or not organized under the laws of any State), and any government (including a [foreign](/usc/22/3146.md?p=1) government, the [United States](/usc/22/1395.md?p=a-1) Government, a State or local government, and any agency, [corporation](/usc/22/7702.md?p=6), financial institution, or other entity or instrumentality thereof, including a government-sponsored agency);
- (4) “United States person” means any [person](#3) resident in the [United States](/usc/22/1395.md?p=a-1) or subject to the jurisdiction of the [United States](/usc/22/1395.md?p=a-1);
- (5) “foreign person” means any [person](#3) resident outside the [United States](/usc/22/1395.md?p=a-1) or subject to the jurisdiction of a country other than the [United States](/usc/22/1395.md?p=a-1);
- (6) “business enterprise” means any organization, association, branch, or venture which exists for profitmaking purposes or to otherwise secure economic advantage, and any ownership of any real estate;
- (7) “parent” means a [person](#3) of one country who, directly or indirectly, owns or controls 10 per centum or more of the voting stock of an incorporated [business enterprise](#6), or an equivalent ownership interest in an unincorporated [business enterprise](#6), which is located outside that country;
- (8) “affiliate” means a [business enterprise](#6) located in one country which is directly or indirectly owned or controlled by a [person](#3) of another country to the extent of 10 per centum or more of its voting stock for an incorporated business or an equivalent interest for an unincorporated business, including a branch;
- (9) “international investment” means (A) the ownership or control, directly or indirectly, by contractual commitment or otherwise, by [foreign persons](#5) of any interest in property in the [United States](/usc/22/1395.md?p=a-1), or of stock, other securities, or short- and long-term debt obligations of a [United States person](#4), and (B) the ownership or control, directly or indirectly, by contractual commitment or otherwise, by [United States persons](#4) of any interest in property outside the [United States](/usc/22/1395.md?p=a-1), or of stock, other securities, or short-and long-term debt obligations of a [foreign person](#5);
- (10) “direct investment” means the ownership or control, directly or indirectly, by one [person](#3) of 10 per centum or more of the voting securities of an incorporated [business enterprise](#6) or an equivalent interest in an unincorporated [business enterprise](#6); and
- (11) “portfolio investment” means any [international investment](#9) which is not [direct investment](#10).

# §3103. Presidential authority and duties

- (a) **Data collection program; studies and surveys; periodic report to Congressional committees; statistical information publication—** The President shall, to the extent he deems necessary and feasible—
  - (1) conduct a regular data collection [program](/usc/22/3383.md?p=6) to secure current information on international capital flows and other information related to [international investment](/usc/22/3102.md?p=9) and trade in services, including (but not limited to) such information as may be necessary for computing and analyzing the [United States](/usc/22/1395.md?p=a-1) balance of payments, the employment and taxes of [United States](/usc/22/1395.md?p=a-1) [parents](/usc/22/3102.md?p=7) and [affiliates](/usc/22/3102.md?p=8), and the [international investment](/usc/22/3102.md?p=9) and trade in services position of the [United States](/usc/22/1395.md?p=a-1);
  - (2) conduct such studies and surveys as may be necessary to prepare reports in a timely manner on specific aspects of [international investment](/usc/22/3102.md?p=9) and trade in services which may have significant implications for the economic welfare and national security of the [United States](/usc/22/1395.md?p=a-1);
  - (3) study the adequacy of information, disclosure, and reporting requirements and procedures relating to [international investment](/usc/22/3102.md?p=9) and trade in services; recommend necessary improvements in information recording, collection, and retrieval and in statistical analysis and presentation; and report periodically to the Committees on Finance[^1] [Foreign](/usc/22/3146.md?p=1) Relations[^1] and Commerce of the Senate and the Committees on Ways and Means, Energy and Commerce, and [Foreign](/usc/22/3146.md?p=1) Affairs of the House of Representatives on national and international developments with respect to laws and regulations affecting [international investment](/usc/22/3102.md?p=9) and trade in services;
  - (4) conduct (not more frequently than once every five years and in addition to any other surveys conducted pursuant to paragraphs [(1)](#a-1) and [(2)](#a-2)) benchmark surveys with respect to trade in services between unaffiliated [United States persons](/usc/22/3102.md?p=4) and [foreign persons](/usc/22/3102.md?p=5); and
  - (5) publish for the use of the general public and [United States](/usc/22/1395.md?p=a-1) Government agencies periodic, regular, and comprehensive statistical information collected pursuant to this subsection and to the benchmark surveys conducted pursuant to subsections [(b)](#b) and [(c)](#c), including, with respect to [foreign](/usc/22/3146.md?p=1) [direct investment](/usc/22/3102.md?p=10) in the [United States](/usc/22/1395.md?p=a-1), information on ownership by [foreign](/usc/22/3146.md?p=1) governments of [United States](/usc/22/1395.md?p=a-1) [affiliates](/usc/22/3102.md?p=8) by country, and tables, on an aggregated basis, of [business enterprises](/usc/22/3102.md?p=6) the ownership or control of which by [foreign persons](/usc/22/3102.md?p=5) is more than 50 percent of the voting securities or other evidences of ownership of such enterprises, and [business enterprises](/usc/22/3102.md?p=6) the ownership or control of which by [foreign persons](/usc/22/3102.md?p=5) is 50 percent or less of the voting securities or other evidences of ownership of such enterprises.
- (b) **Benchmark survey of United States direct investment abroad and foreign direct investment in United States—** With respect to [foreign](/usc/22/3146.md?p=1) [direct investment](/usc/22/3102.md?p=10) in the [United States](/usc/22/1395.md?p=a-1), the President shall conduct a benchmark survey covering year 1980, a benchmark survey covering year 1987, and benchmark surveys covering every fifth year thereafter. With respect to [United States](/usc/22/1395.md?p=a-1) [direct investment](/usc/22/3102.md?p=10) abroad, the President shall conduct a benchmark survey covering year 1982, a benchmark survey covering year 1989, and benchmark surveys covering every fifth year thereafter. In conducting surveys pursuant to this subsection, the President shall, among other things and to the extent he determines necessary and feasible—
  - (1) identify the location, nature, and magnitude of, and changes in total investment by any [parent](/usc/22/3102.md?p=7) in each of its [affiliates](/usc/22/3102.md?p=8) and the financial transactions between any [parent](/usc/22/3102.md?p=7) and each of its [affiliates](/usc/22/3102.md?p=8);
  - (2) obtain (A) information on the balance sheet of [parents](/usc/22/3102.md?p=7) and [affiliates](/usc/22/3102.md?p=8) and related financial data, (B) income statements, including the gross sales by primary line of business (with as much product line detail as is necessary and feasible) of [parents](/usc/22/3102.md?p=7) and [affiliates](/usc/22/3102.md?p=8) in each country in which they have significant operations, and (C) related information regarding trade (including trade in both goods and services) between a [parent](/usc/22/3102.md?p=7) and each of its [affiliates](/usc/22/3102.md?p=8) and between each [parent](/usc/22/3102.md?p=7) or [affiliate](/usc/22/3102.md?p=8) and any other [person](/usc/22/3102.md?p=3);
  - (3) collect employment data showing both the number of [United States](/usc/22/1395.md?p=a-1) and [foreign](/usc/22/3146.md?p=1) [employees](/usc/22/4341.md?p=1) of each [parent](/usc/22/3102.md?p=7) and [affiliate](/usc/22/3102.md?p=8) and the levels of compensation, by country, industry, and skill level;
  - (4) obtain information on tax payments by [parents](/usc/22/3102.md?p=7) and [affiliates](/usc/22/3102.md?p=8) by country; and
  - (5) determine, by industry and country, the total dollar amount of research and development expenditures by each [parent](/usc/22/3102.md?p=7) and [affiliate](/usc/22/3102.md?p=8), payments or other compensation for the transfer of technology between [parents](/usc/22/3102.md?p=7) and their [affiliates](/usc/22/3102.md?p=8), and payments or other compensation received by [parents](/usc/22/3102.md?p=7) or [affiliates](/usc/22/3102.md?p=8) from the transfer of technology to other [persons](/usc/22/3102.md?p=3).
- (c) **Benchmark survey of foreign portfolio investment in United States and United States portfolio investment abroad; report to Congress—**
  - (1) The President shall conduct a comprehensive benchmark survey of [foreign](/usc/22/3146.md?p=1) [portfolio investment](/usc/22/3102.md?p=11) in the [United States](/usc/22/1395.md?p=a-1) at least once every five years and, for such purposes, shall (among other things and to the extent he determines necessary and feasible) determine the magnitude and aggregate [value](/usc/22/2794.md?p=2) of [portfolio investment](/usc/22/3102.md?p=11), form of investments, types of investors, nationality of investors and recorded residence of [foreign](/usc/22/3146.md?p=1) private holders, diversification of holdings by economic sector, and holders of record.
  - (2) In addition to the benchmark surveys conducted pursuant to [paragraph (1)](#c-1), the President shall annually compile currently available data on [United States](/usc/22/1395.md?p=a-1) [portfolio investment](/usc/22/3102.md?p=11) abroad including items such as data on the magnitude and aggregate [value](/usc/22/2794.md?p=2) of [portfolio investment](/usc/22/3102.md?p=11), form of investments, types of investors, nationality of investors and recorded residence of private holders, diversification of holdings by economic sector, and holders of record. The President shall submit an analysis of such data to the Congress not later than the first day of July of each year.
- (d) **Foreign agricultural and real property investment and land data system: study; submittal of findings and conclusions to Congress—** The President shall conduct a study of the feasibility of establishing a system to monitor [foreign](/usc/22/3146.md?p=1) [direct investment](/usc/22/3102.md?p=10) in agricultural, rural, and urban real property, including the feasibility of establishing a nationwide multipurpose land data system, and shall submit his findings and conclusions to the Congress not later than two years after October 11, 1976.
- (e) **Report on cost of monitoring and compiling data on legislation enacted by foreign nations regulating and restricting foreign inward investment—** The [Secretary](/usc/22/277d–43.md?p=5) of Commerce shall prepare a report on the estimated cost of monitoring and compiling data on legislation enacted by the major trading partners of the [United States](/usc/22/1395.md?p=a-1), and such other [foreign](/usc/22/3146.md?p=1) nations as the [Secretary](/usc/22/277d–43.md?p=5) deems appropriate, which regulates or restricts [foreign](/usc/22/3146.md?p=1) inward investment in such [foreign](/usc/22/3146.md?p=1) nations.
- (f) **Reporting, recordkeeping, and documentation—** Activities shall be conducted so that information obtained pursuant to this chapter shall be timely and useful in the development of policy with respect to [international investment](/usc/22/3102.md?p=9) and trade in services. Reporting and recordkeeping requirements imposed under this chapter shall be designed in order to minimize costs to the extent feasible, consistent with effective enforcement and the compilation of information required by this chapter. Reporting, recordkeeping, and documentation requirements shall be periodically reviewed and revised in the light of developments in the field of information technology.
- (g) **Costs for collecting information—** In collecting information under this chapter, the President shall give due regard to the costs incurred by [persons](/usc/22/3102.md?p=3) supplying such information, as well as to the costs incurred by the Government, and shall insure that the information collected is only in such detail as is necessary to fulfill the stated purposes for which the information is being gathered.
- (h) **Bureau of Economic Analysis report—**
  - (1) The President, or the designee of the President responsible for monitoring the impact of [foreign](/usc/22/3146.md?p=1) investment in the [United States](/usc/22/1395.md?p=a-1), coordinating implementation of [United States](/usc/22/1395.md?p=a-1) policy on investment, and investigating [foreign](/usc/22/3146.md?p=1) acquisitions under [section 4565 of title 50](/usc/50/4565.md), may request a report from the Bureau of Economic Analysis of the Department of Commerce. When such request is made in connection with an investigation under such [section 4565](/usc/50/4565.md), the report shall be provided within 14 days after the request is made. When such request is not made in connection with an investigation under such [section 4565](/usc/50/4565.md), the report shall be provided within 60 days after the request.
  - (2) A report requested under [paragraph (1)](#h-1) shall contain the best available information on the extent of [foreign](/usc/22/3146.md?p=1) [direct investment](/usc/22/3102.md?p=10) in a given industry, including a breakdown of total investment in the industry, and any [foreign](/usc/22/3146.md?p=1) government investment in the industry, by country of the [foreign](/usc/22/3146.md?p=1) owner, and any other information that the Bureau of Economic Analysis or such designee of the President considers relevant. The industry information provided shall be at the most detailed level available of Standard Industrial Classification, subject to the requirements of [section 3104 of this title](/usc/22/3104.md).

# §3104. Rules and regulations

- (a) **Authorization—** The authorities and responsibilities under this chapter may be exercised through such rules and regulations as may be necessary to carry out the purposes of this chapter.
- (b) **Recordkeeping and reports—** Rules or regulations issued pursuant to this chapter may require any [person](/usc/22/3102.md?p=3) subject to the jurisdiction of the [United States](/usc/22/1395.md?p=a-1)—
  - (1) to maintain a complete record of any information (including journals or other books of original entry, minute books, stock transfer records, lists of shareholders, or financial statements) which is essential to carrying out the surveys and studies to be conducted under this chapter; and
  - (2) to furnish, under oath, any report containing information which is determined to be necessary to carry out the surveys and studies conducted under this chapter.

  When a report under [paragraph (2)](#b-2) is furnished under oath, such oath shall be by the officer of such [person](/usc/22/3102.md?p=3) who is directly responsible for the maintenance and compilation of such information, and shall certify that the report was prepared in accordance with this chapter, is complete, and is to such officer’s best knowledge and belief, substantially accurate, except in a case in which, in accordance with rules and regulations issued under this chapter, estimates have been provided because data are not available from customary accounting records or precise data could not be obtained without undue burden, and the data subject to such estimates has been noted in the report.

- (c) **Access to information; limitation—** Access to information obtained under [subsection (b)(2)](#b-2) of this section shall be available only to officials or [employees](/usc/22/4341.md?p=1) designated to perform functions under this chapter, including consultants and [persons](/usc/22/3102.md?p=3) working on contracts awarded pursuant to this chapter. Subject to the limitation of paragraph (1) of this subsection, the President may authorize the exchange between agencies or officials designated by him of information furnished by any [person](/usc/22/3102.md?p=3) under this chapter as he deems necessary to carry out the purposes of this chapter. Nothing in this section shall be construed to require any Federal agency to disclose to any official exercising authority under this chapter any information or report collected under legal authority other than this chapter where disclosure is prohibited by law. Information collected pursuant to [subsection (b)(2)](#b-2) may be used only—
  - (1) for analytical or statistical purposes within the [United States](/usc/22/1395.md?p=a-1) Government; or
  - (2) for the purpose of a proceeding under [subsection (e)](#e) of this section or under section [3105(b)](/usc/22/3105.md?p=b) or [(c)](/usc/22/3105.md?p=c) of this title.

  No official or [employee](/usc/22/4341.md?p=1) designated to perform functions under this chapter, including consultants and [persons](/usc/22/3102.md?p=3) working on contracts awarded pursuant to this chapter, may publish or make available to any other [person](/usc/22/3102.md?p=3) any information collected pursuant to [subsection (b)(2)](#b-2) in a manner that the [person](/usc/22/3102.md?p=3) who furnished the information can be specifically identified except as provided in this section. No [person](/usc/22/3102.md?p=3) can compel the submission or disclosure of any report or constituent part thereof collected pursuant to this chapter, or any copy of such report or constituent part thereof, without the prior written consent of the [person](/usc/22/3102.md?p=3) who maintained or furnished such report under [subsection (b)](#b) and without prior written consent of the customer, where the [person](/usc/22/3102.md?p=3) who maintained or furnished such report included information identifiable as being derived from the records of such customer.

- (d) **Access to Bureau of Economic Analysis information—** The Bureau of the Census of the Department of Commerce is authorized, for purposes of augmenting and improving the quality of data collected by the Bureau of the Census, to have, upon written request, access to data relating to [business enterprises](/usc/22/3102.md?p=6) that is collected directly by the Bureau of Economic Analysis for purposes of this chapter. The Bureau of Labor Statistics of the Department of Labor is authorized, for purposes of augmenting and improving the data collected by the Bureau of Labor Statistics, to have access, upon written request, to selected identification information on [business enterprises](/usc/22/3102.md?p=6) and data on international services transactions, that is collected directly by the Bureau of Economic Analysis for purposes of this chapter. Officers and [employees](/usc/22/4341.md?p=1) of the Bureau of the Census and the Bureau of Labor Statistics shall, for purposes of [subsection (c)](#c), be deemed to be officials or [employees](/usc/22/4341.md?p=1) designated to perform functions under this chapter.
- (e) **Penalty—** Any [person](/usc/22/3102.md?p=3) who willfully violates subsection [(c)](#c) or [(d)](#d) shall, upon conviction, be fined not more than $10,000, in addition to any other penalty imposed by law.

# §3105. Enforcement

- (a) **Civil penalty for failure to furnish information—** Whoever fails to furnish any information required under this chapter, whether required to be furnished in the form of a report or otherwise, or to comply with any rule, regulation, order, or instruction promulgated under this chapter, shall be subject to a civil penalty of not less than $2,500, and not more than $25,000, in a proceeding brought under [subsection (b)](#b) of this section.
- (b) **Civil action for failure to furnish information—** Whenever it appears that any [person](/usc/22/3102.md?p=3) has failed to furnish any information required under this chapter, whether required to be furnished in the form of a report or otherwise, or has failed to comply with any rule, regulation, order, or instruction promulgated under this chapter, a civil action may be brought in an appropriate district court of the [United States](/usc/22/1395.md?p=a-1), or the appropriate [United States](/usc/22/1395.md?p=a-1) court of any territory or other place subject to the jurisdiction of the [United States](/usc/22/1395.md?p=a-1), and such court may enter a restraining order or a permanent or temporary injunction commanding such [person](/usc/22/3102.md?p=3) to furnish such information or to comply with such rule, regulation, order, or instruction, as the case may be, or impose the civil penalty provided in [subsection (a)](#a) of this section, or both.
- (c) **Criminal penalty for failure to submit information—** Whoever willfully fails to submit any information required under this chapter, whether required to be furnished in the form of a report or otherwise, or willfully violates any rule, regulation, order, or instruction promulgated under this chapter, upon conviction, shall be fined not more than $10,000 and, if an individual, may be imprisoned for not more than one year, or both, and any officer, director, [employee](/usc/22/4341.md?p=1), or agent of any [corporation](/usc/22/7702.md?p=6) who knowingly participates in such violation, upon conviction, may be punished by a like fine, imprisonment, or both.

# §3106. Use of experts and administrative support services

- (a) **Compensation and travel expenses—** Any official designated by the President to carry out this chapter may procure the temporary or intermittent services of experts and consultants in accordance with the provisions of [section 3109 of title 5](/usc/5/3109.md). [Persons](/usc/22/3102.md?p=3) so employed shall receive compensation at a rate not in excess of the maximum amount payable under such section. While away from his home or regular place of business and engaged in the performance of services in conjunction with the provisions of this chapter, any such [person](/usc/22/3102.md?p=3) may be allowed travel expenses, including per diem in lieu of subsistence, as authorized by [section 5703(b)](/usc/5/5703.md)[^1] of [title 5](/usc/5.md) for [persons](/usc/22/3102.md?p=3) in the Government service employed intermittently.
- (b) **Use of available Federal agency services, equipment, personnel, and facilities—** Any official designated by the President to carry out this chapter may use, on a reimbursable basis when appropriate (as determined by the President), the available services, equipment, personnel, and [facilities](/usc/22/2431a.md?p=8) of any agency or instrumentality of the [United States](/usc/22/1395.md?p=a-1) Government.

# §3107. Consultations; creation of independent public advisory committees


Officials performing functions pursuant to this chapter shall secure balanced, diverse, and responsible views from qualified [persons](/usc/22/3102.md?p=3) representing business, organized labor, and the academic community and may, where appropriate, create such independent public [advisory committees](/usc/22/4502.md?p=2) as are necessary to carry out the purposes of this chapter.


# §3108. Authorization of appropriations


To carry out this chapter, there are authorized to be appropriated $4,400,000 for the fiscal year ending September 30, 1980, $4,500,000 for the fiscal year ending September 30, 1981, $4,000,000 for the fiscal year ending September 30, 1982, and such sums as may be necessary for any subsequent fiscal years.