---
kind: "section"
citation: "21 U.S.C. § 2312"
title: "21"
title_heading: "Food and Drugs"
number: "2312"
heading: "Imposition of sanctions"
release: "119-102"
date: "2026-07-12"
url: "https://uscodex.org/usc/21/2312"
units:
  - "Chapter 28 — Sanctions with Respect to Foreign Traffickers of Illicit Synthetic Opioids"
  - "Subchapter I — Sanctions with Respect to Foreign Opioid Traffickers"
---

# §2312. Imposition of sanctions


The President shall impose five or more of the sanctions described in [section 2313 of this title](/usc/21/2313.md) with respect to each [foreign person](/usc/21/2302.md?p=6) that is an [entity](/usc/21/2302.md?p=4), and four or more of such sanctions with respect to each [foreign person](/usc/21/2302.md?p=6) that is an individual, that—

- (1) is identified as a [foreign opioid trafficker](/usc/21/2302.md?p=5) in a report submitted under [section 2311(a) of this title](/usc/21/2311.md?p=a);
- (2) the President determines is owned, controlled, directed by, [knowingly](/usc/21/2302.md?p=7) supplying or sourcing precursors for, or [knowingly](/usc/21/2302.md?p=7) acting for or on behalf of, such a [foreign opioid trafficker](/usc/21/2302.md?p=5);
- (3) the President determines has [knowingly](/usc/21/2302.md?p=7) engaged in, on or after December 18, 2025, a pattern of significant activity that has materially contributed to [opioid trafficking](/usc/21/2302.md?p=8); or
- (4) the President determines—
  - (A) has [knowingly](/usc/21/2302.md?p=7) engaged in a pattern of providing significant financial, material, or technological support for, including through the provision of goods or services in support of, any activity or transaction described in [paragraph (3)](#3); or
  - (B) is owned, controlled, or directed by any [foreign person](/usc/21/2302.md?p=6) described in [subparagraph (A)](#4-A) or in [paragraph (3)](#3), or has [knowingly](/usc/21/2302.md?p=7) acted or purported to act for or on behalf of, directly or indirectly, such a [foreign person](/usc/21/2302.md?p=6).

## Source credit

(Pub. L. 116–92, div. F, title LXXII, § 7212, Dec. 20, 2019, 133 Stat. 2265; Pub. L. 119–60, div. H, title LXXXIII, § 8316, Dec. 18, 2025, 139 Stat. 1858.)

## Notes

### Editorial Notes

### Amendments

2025—Pars. (3), (4). Pub. L. 119–60 added pars. (3) and (4).

### Executive Documents

### Delegation of Functions

Functions and authorities of President under this section delegated to Secretary of the Treasury, in consultation with the Secretary of State, by section 1(d)(v) of Memorandum of President of the United States, Mar. 31, 2020, 85 F.R. 22343, set out as a note under section 2311 of this title.