---
kind: "section"
citation: "20 U.S.C. § 1234a"
title: "20"
title_heading: "Education"
number: "1234a"
heading: "Recovery of funds"
release: "119-102"
date: "2026-07-12"
url: "https://uscodex.org/usc/20/1234a"
units:
  - "Chapter 31 — General Provisions Concerning Education"
  - "Subchapter IV — Enforcement"
---

# §1234a. Recovery of funds

- (a) **Preliminary departmental decision; grounds of determination; notice requirements; prima facie case; amount of funds recoverable—**
  - (1) Whenever the [Secretary](/usc/20/1221.md?p=c-4) determines that a [recipient](/usc/20/1234i.md?p=1) of a grant or cooperative agreement under an [applicable program](/usc/20/1234i.md?p=2) must return funds because the [recipient](/usc/20/1234i.md?p=1) has made an expenditure of funds that is not allowable under that grant or cooperative agreement, or has otherwise failed to discharge its obligation to account properly for funds under the grant or cooperative agreement, the [Secretary](/usc/20/1221.md?p=c-4) shall give the [recipient](/usc/20/1234i.md?p=1) written notice of a preliminary departmental decision and notify the [recipient](/usc/20/1234i.md?p=1) of its right to have that decision reviewed by the Office and of its right to request mediation.
  - (2) In a preliminary departmental decision, the [Secretary](/usc/20/1221.md?p=c-4) shall have the burden of establishing a prima facie case for the recovery of funds, including an analysis reflecting the value of the program services actually obtained in a determination of harm to the Federal interest. The facts to serve as the basis of the preliminary departmental decision may come from an audit report, an investigative report, a monitoring report, or other evidence. The amount of funds to be recovered shall be determined on the basis of [section 1234b of this title](/usc/20/1234b.md).
  - (3) For the purpose of [paragraph (2)](#a-2), failure by a [recipient](/usc/20/1234i.md?p=1) to maintain records required by law, or to allow the [Secretary](/usc/20/1221.md?p=c-4) access to such records, shall constitute a prima facie case.
- (b) **Review of preliminary departmental decision; form and contents of application for review; inadequate preliminary decisions; duties of recipient to subrecipients after preliminary decision; burden of proof—**
  - (1) A [recipient](/usc/20/1234i.md?p=1) that has received written notice of a preliminary departmental decision and that desires to have such decision reviewed by the Office shall submit to the Office an application for review not later than 60 days after receipt of notice of the preliminary departmental decision. The application shall be in the form and contain the information specified by the Office. As expeditiously as possible, the Office shall return to the [Secretary](/usc/20/1221.md?p=c-4) for such action as the [Secretary](/usc/20/1221.md?p=c-4) considers appropriate any preliminary departmental decision which the Office determines does not meet the requirements of [subsection (a)(2)](#a-2).
  - (2) In cases where the preliminary departmental decision requests a recovery of funds from a State [recipient](/usc/20/1234i.md?p=1), that State [recipient](/usc/20/1234i.md?p=1) may not recover funds from an affected local educational agency unless that State [recipient](/usc/20/1234i.md?p=1) has—
    - (A) transmitted a copy of the preliminary departmental decision to any affected subrecipient within 10 days of the date that the State [recipient](/usc/20/1234i.md?p=1) in a State administered program received such written notice; and
    - (B) consulted with each affected subrecipient to determine whether the State [recipient](/usc/20/1234i.md?p=1) should submit an application for review under [paragraph (1)](#b-1).
  - (3) In any proceeding before the Office under this section, the burden shall be upon the [recipient](/usc/20/1234i.md?p=1) to demonstrate that it should not be required to return the amount of funds for which recovery is sought in the preliminary departmental decision under [subsection (a)](#a).
- (c) **Time for hearing—** A hearing shall be set 90 days after receipt of a request for review of a preliminary departmental decision by the Office, except that such 90-day requirement may be waived at the discretion of the judge for good cause.
- (d) **Review of findings of fact in preliminary decision; conclusiveness; remand; new or modified findings—**
  - (1) Upon review of a decision of the Office by the [Secretary](/usc/20/1221.md?p=c-4), the findings of fact by the Office, if supported by substantial evidence, shall be conclusive. However, the [Secretary](/usc/20/1221.md?p=c-4), for good cause shown, may remand the case to the Office to take further evidence, and the Office may thereupon make new or modified findings of fact and may modify its previous action. Such new or modified findings of fact shall likewise be conclusive if supported by substantial evidence.
  - (2) During the conduct of such review, there shall not be any ex parte contact between the [Secretary](/usc/20/1221.md?p=c-4) and individuals representing the [Department](/usc/20/1221.md?p=c-3) or the [recipient](/usc/20/1234i.md?p=1).
- (e) **Time for filing petition for review of preliminary decision—** Parties to the proceeding shall have 30 days to file a petition for review of a decision of the administrative law judges with the Office of the [Secretary](/usc/20/1221.md?p=c-4).
- (f) **Stay of collection or other adverse action by Secretary against recipient—**
  - (1) If a [recipient](/usc/20/1234i.md?p=1) submits a timely application for review of a preliminary departmental decision, the [Secretary](/usc/20/1221.md?p=c-4) shall take no collection action until the decision of the Office upholding the preliminary [Department](/usc/20/1221.md?p=c-3) decision in whole or in part becomes final agency action under [subsection (g)](#g).
  - (2) If a [recipient](/usc/20/1234i.md?p=1) files a timely petition for judicial review under [section 1234g of this title](/usc/20/1234g.md), the [Secretary](/usc/20/1221.md?p=c-4) shall take no collection action until judicial review is completed.
  - (3) The filing of an application for review under [paragraph (1)](#f-1) or a petition for judicial review under [paragraph (2)](#f-2) shall not affect the authority of the [Secretary](/usc/20/1221.md?p=c-4) to take any other adverse action under this subchapter against the [recipient](/usc/20/1234i.md?p=1).
- (g) **Preliminary decision as final agency action—** A decision of the Office regarding the review of a preliminary departmental decision shall become final agency action 60 days after the [recipient](/usc/20/1234i.md?p=1) receives written notice of the decision unless the [Secretary](/usc/20/1221.md?p=c-4) either—
  - (1) modifies or sets aside the decision, in whole or in part, in which case the decision of the [Secretary](/usc/20/1221.md?p=c-4) shall become final agency action when the [recipient](/usc/20/1234i.md?p=1) receives written notice of the [Secretary](/usc/20/1221.md?p=c-4)’s action, or
  - (2) remands the decision to the Office.
- (h) **Publication of decisions as final agency actions—** The [Secretary](/usc/20/1221.md?p=c-4) shall publish decisions that have become final agency action under [subsection (g)](#g) in the Federal Register or in another appropriate publication within 60 days.
- (i) **Collection amounts and procedures—** The amount of a preliminary departmental decision under [subsection (a)](#a) for which review has not been requested in accordance with [subsection (b)](#b), and the amount sustained by a decision of the Office or the [Secretary](/usc/20/1221.md?p=c-4) which becomes final agency action under [subsection (g)](#g), may be collected by the [Secretary](/usc/20/1221.md?p=c-4) in accordance with chapter 37 of title 31.
- (j) **Compromise of preliminary departmental decisions; preconditions; notice requirements—**
  - (1) Notwithstanding any other provision of law, the [Secretary](/usc/20/1221.md?p=c-4) may, subject to the notice requirements of [paragraph (2)](#j-2), compromise any preliminary departmental decision under this section which does not exceed the amount agreed to be returned by more than $200,000, if the [Secretary](/usc/20/1221.md?p=c-4) determines that (A) the collection of any or all or the amount thereof would not be practical or in the public interest, and (B) the practice which resulted in the preliminary departmental decision has been corrected and will not recur.
  - (2) Not less than 45 days prior to the exercise of the authority to compromise a preliminary departmental decision pursuant to [paragraph (1)](#j-1), the [Secretary](/usc/20/1221.md?p=c-4) shall publish in the Federal Register a notice of intention to do so. The notice shall provide interested persons an opportunity to comment on any proposed action under this subsection through the submission of written data, views, or arguments.
- (k) **Limitation period respecting return of funds—** No [recipient](/usc/20/1234i.md?p=1) under an [applicable program](/usc/20/1234i.md?p=2) shall be liable to return funds which were expended in a manner not authorized by law more than 5 years before the [recipient](/usc/20/1234i.md?p=1) received written notice of a preliminary departmental decision.
- (l) **Foregoing of interest during period of administrative review—** No interest shall be charged arising from a claim during the administrative review of the preliminary departmental decision.

## Source credit

(Pub. L. 90–247, title IV, § 452, as added Pub. L. 95–561, title XII, § 1232, Nov. 1, 1978, 92 Stat. 2347; amended Pub. L. 100–297, title III, § 3501(a), Apr. 28, 1988, 102 Stat. 350; Pub. L. 103–382, title II, § 250(a), Oct. 20, 1994, 108 Stat. 3926.)

## Notes

### Editorial Notes

### Amendments

1994—Subsec. (a)(2). Pub. L. 103–382, § 250(a)(1), substituted “establishing a prima facie case for the recovery of funds, including an analysis reflecting the value of the program services actually obtained in a determination of harm to the Federal interest.” for “stating a prima facie case for the recovery of funds.”

Subsec. (b)(1). Pub. L. 103–382, § 250(a)(2), substituted “60 days” for “30 days”.

Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 103–382, § 250(a)(3), designated existing provisions as par. (1) and added par. (2).

1988—Pub. L. 100–297 amended section generally, substituting provisions relating to recovery of funds for provisions relating to audit determinations.

### Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

### Effective Date of 1988 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 100–297 effective 180 days after Apr. 28, 1988, but not applicable to recipients receiving written notice to return funds prior to that date, see section 3501(b) of Pub. L. 100–297, set out as a note under section 1234 of this title.