---
kind: "section"
citation: "19 U.S.C. § 4433"
title: "19"
title_heading: "Customs Duties"
number: "4433"
heading: "Notification and certification to Congress"
release: "119-102"
date: "2026-07-12"
url: "https://uscodex.org/usc/19/4433"
units:
  - "Chapter 28 — Trade Facilitation and Trade Enforcement"
  - "Subchapter VII — Preclearance Operations"
---

# §4433. Notification and certification to Congress

- (a) **Initial notification—** Not later than 60 days before an agreement with the government of a foreign [country](/usc/19/1677.md?p=3) to establish U.S. Customs and Border Protection preclearance operations in such foreign [country](/usc/19/1677.md?p=3) enters into force, the [Secretary](/usc/19/4431.md?p=2) shall provide the [appropriate congressional committees](/usc/19/4431.md?p=1) with—
  - (1) a copy of the agreement to establish such preclearance operations, which shall include—
    - (A) the identification of the foreign [country](/usc/19/1677.md?p=3) with which U.S. Customs and Border Protection intends to enter into a preclearance agreement;
    - (B) the location at which such preclearance operations will be conducted; and
    - (C) the terms and conditions for U.S. Customs and Border Protection personnel operating at the location;
  - (2) an assessment of the impact such preclearance operations will have on legitimate trade and travel, including potential impacts on passengers traveling to the [United States](/usc/19/1683.md?p=9);
  - (3) an assessment of the impacts such preclearance operations will have on U.S. Customs and Border Protection domestic port of [entry](/usc/19/1677.md?p=23) staffing;
  - (4) [country](/usc/19/1677.md?p=3)-specific information on the anticipated homeland security benefits associated with establishing such preclearance operations;
  - (5) information on potential security vulnerabilities associated with commencing such preclearance operations and mitigation plans to address such potential security vulnerabilities;
  - (6) a U.S. Customs and Border Protection staffing model for such preclearance operations and plans for how such positions would be filled; and
  - (7) information on the anticipated costs over the 5 fiscal years after the agreement enters into force associated with commencing such preclearance operations.
- (b) **Further notification relating to preclearance operations established at airports—** Not later than 45 days before an agreement with the government of a foreign [country](/usc/19/1677.md?p=3) to establish U.S. Customs and Border Protection preclearance operations at an airport in such [country](/usc/19/1677.md?p=3) enters into force, the [Secretary](/usc/19/4431.md?p=2), in addition to complying with the notification requirements under [subsection (a)](#a), shall provide the [appropriate congressional committees](/usc/19/4431.md?p=1) with—
  - (1) an estimate of the date on which U.S. Customs and Border Protection intends to establish preclearance operations under such agreement, including any pending caveats that must be resolved before preclearance operations are approved;
  - (2) the anticipated funding sources for preclearance operations under such agreement, and other funding sources considered;
  - (3) a homeland security threat assessment for the [country](/usc/19/1677.md?p=3) in which such preclearance operations are to be established;
  - (4) information on potential economic, competitive, and job impacts on [United States](/usc/19/1683.md?p=9) air carriers associated with establishing such preclearance operations;
  - (5) details on information sharing mechanisms to ensure that U.S. Customs and Border Protection has current information to prevent terrorist and criminal travel; and
  - (6) other factors that the [Secretary](/usc/19/4431.md?p=2) determines to be necessary for Congress to comprehensively assess the appropriateness of commencing such preclearance operations.
- (c) **Certifications relating to preclearance operations established at airports—** Not later than 60 days before an agreement with the government of a foreign [country](/usc/19/1677.md?p=3) to establish U.S. Customs and Border Protection preclearance operations at an airport in such [country](/usc/19/1677.md?p=3) enters into force, the [Secretary](/usc/19/4431.md?p=2), in addition to complying with the notification requirements under subsections [(a)](#a) and [(b)](#b), shall provide the [appropriate congressional committees](/usc/19/4431.md?p=1) with—
  - (1) a certification that preclearance operations under such preclearance agreement, after considering alternative options, would provide homeland security benefits to the [United States](/usc/19/1683.md?p=9) through the most effective means possible;
  - (2) a certification that preclearance operations within such foreign [country](/usc/19/1677.md?p=3) will be established under such agreement only if—
    - (A) at least one [United States](/usc/19/1683.md?p=9) passenger carrier operates at such airport; and
    - (B) any [United States](/usc/19/1683.md?p=9) passenger carriers operating at such airport and desiring to participate in preclearance operations are provided access that is comparable to that of any non-[United States](/usc/19/1683.md?p=9) passenger carrier operating at that airport;
  - (3) a certification that the establishment of preclearance operations in such foreign [country](/usc/19/1677.md?p=3) will not significantly increase customs processing times at [United States](/usc/19/1683.md?p=9) airports;
  - (4) a certification that representatives from U.S. Customs and Border Protection consulted with stakeholders, including providers of commercial air [service](/usc/19/2576b.md?p=4) in the [United States](/usc/19/1683.md?p=9), employees of such providers, security experts, and such other parties as the [Secretary](/usc/19/4431.md?p=2) determines to be appropriate; and
  - (5) a report detailing the basis for the certifications referred to in paragraphs [(1)](#c-1) through [(4)](#c-4).
- (d) **Amendment of existing agreements—** Not later than 30 days before a substantially amended preclearance agreement with the government of a foreign [country](/usc/19/1677.md?p=3) in effect as of February 24, 2016, enters into force, the [Secretary](/usc/19/4431.md?p=2) shall provide to the [appropriate congressional committees](/usc/19/4431.md?p=1)—
  - (1) a copy of the agreement, as amended; and
  - (2) the justification for such amendment.
- (e) **Implementation plan—**
  - (1) **In general—** The [Commissioner](/usc/19/4301.md?p=3) shall report to the [appropriate congressional committees](/usc/19/4431.md?p=1), on a quarterly basis—
    - (A) the number of U.S. Customs and Border Protection officers, by port, assigned from domestic ports of [entry](/usc/19/1677.md?p=23) to preclearance operations; and
    - (B) the number of the positions at domestic ports of [entry](/usc/19/1677.md?p=23) vacated by U.S. Customs and Border Protection officers described in [subparagraph (A)](#e-1-A) that have been filled by other hired, trained, and equipped U.S. Customs and Border Protection officers.
  - (2) **Submission—** If the [Commissioner](/usc/19/4301.md?p=3) has not filled the positions of U.S. Customs and Border Protection officers that were reassigned to preclearance operations and determines that U.S. Customs and Border Protection processing times at domestic ports of [entry](/usc/19/1677.md?p=23) from which U.S. Customs and Border Protection officers were reassigned to preclearance operations have significantly increased, the [Commissioner](/usc/19/4301.md?p=3), not later than 60 days after making such a determination, shall submit to the [appropriate congressional committees](/usc/19/4431.md?p=1) an implementation plan for reducing processing times at the domestic ports of [entry](/usc/19/1677.md?p=23) with such increased processing times.
  - (3) **Suspension—** If the [Commissioner](/usc/19/4301.md?p=3) does not submit the implementation plan described in [paragraph (2)](#e-2) to the [appropriate congressional committees](/usc/19/4431.md?p=1) before the deadline set forth in such paragraph, the [Commissioner](/usc/19/4301.md?p=3) may not commence preclearance operations at an additional port of [entry](/usc/19/1677.md?p=23) in any [country](/usc/19/1677.md?p=3) until such implementation plan is submitted.
- (f) **Classified report—** The report required under [subsection (c)(5)](#c-5) may be submitted in classified form if the [Secretary](/usc/19/4431.md?p=2) determines that such form is appropriate.

## Source credit

(Pub. L. 114–125, title VIII, § 814, Feb. 24, 2016, 130 Stat. 218.)